Academic literature on the topic 'Farm-finding'
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Journal articles on the topic "Farm-finding"
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Antonio, Pereira-Querol Marco, and Seppänen Laura. "Finding disturbances in on-farm biogas production." Work 41 (2012): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0139-81.
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Martinez Cámara, E., F. Daroca Ponce de León, F. Sanz Adán, E. Jiménez Macías, and J. Blanco Fernández. "Finding optimum reactive power compensation in a wind farm." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. 05 (2007): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj05.265.
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Sterk, B., M. K. van Ittersum, C. Leeuwis, W. A. H. Rossing, H. van Keulen, and G. W. J. van de Ven. "Finding niches for whole-farm design models – contradictio in terminis?" Agricultural Systems 87, no. 2 (2006): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.11.008.
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Ardini, Lilis. "Finding The New Concept Of Social Justice Farm Income in Indonesia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (2019): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1097.
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This research aims to construct the farm income concept by considering the value of justice both social and religious. The research was conducted based on Islamic Paradigm using Kuntowijoyo’s Theory of Islamic Prophetic Social in understanding the social reality of sugar cane farmer. This research is a qualitative research method of analyzing Islamic prophetic social theory through the pillars of humanization, liberation, and transcendence. As the results of the sugar cane farmer, the study found spiritual values. The values are honesty, belief, Hablum minallah, and Hablum minannas. They are used in the formulations of justice peasants' profits by incorporating elements of Social Justice Value in to Net Farm Income formulation. This research ultimately proposes the new formulation and contributes to developing sharia agricultural accounting practices for making policies on agricultural accounting standards.
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Tazi, Nacef, Eric Chatelet, Youcef Bouzidi, and Rachid Meziane. "Wind farm topology-finding algorithm considering performance, costs, and environmental impacts." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 25 (2017): 24526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9377-7.
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Alzayn, Maryam, Jacqueline Findlay, Hannah Schubert, et al. "Characterization of AmpC-hyperproducing Escherichia coli from humans and dairy farms collected in parallel in the same geographical region." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 9 (2020): 2471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa207.
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Abstract Objectives To characterize putative AmpC-hyperproducing third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from dairy farms and their phylogenetic relationships; to identify risk factors for their presence; and to assess evidence for their zoonotic transmission into the local human population. Methods Proteomics was used to explain differences in antimicrobial susceptibility. WGS allowed phylogenetic analysis. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify risk factors. Results Increased use of amoxicillin/clavulanate was associated with an increased risk of finding AmpC hyperproducers on farms. Expansion of cephalosporin resistance in AmpC hyperproducers was seen in farm isolates with marR mutations (conferring cefoperazone resistance) or when AmpC was mutated (conferring fourth-generation cephalosporin and cefoperazone resistance). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the dominance of ST88 amongst farm AmpC hyperproducers but there was no evidence for acquisition of farm isolates by members of the local human population. Conclusions Clear evidence was found for recent farm-to-farm transmission of AmpC-hyperproducing E. coli and of adaptive mutations to expand resistance. Whilst there was no evidence of isolates entering the local human population, efforts to reduce third-generation cephalosporin resistance on dairy farms must address the high prevalence of AmpC hyperproducers. The finding that amoxicillin/clavulanate use was associated with an increased risk of finding AmpC hyperproducers is important because this is not currently categorized as a highest-priority critically important antimicrobial and so is not currently targeted for specific usage restrictions in the UK.
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RANJAN, RAM. "HOW PROLONGED DROUGHTS AND FARM SUBSIDIES INFLUENCE ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES BY FARMERS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 20, no. 04 (2015): 1550025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946715500259.
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A conceptual model of entrepreneurial uptake by water-scarce farmers explores how farmers accumulate social and human capitals while managing multiple risks in current and future livelihood choices. Social networking and human capital accumulation differentially impact on successes in agriculture and entrepreneurial ventures. The risk of farm subsidy removal and the uncertainties associated with finding and succeeding in a suitable enterprise, present the farmer with difficult trade-offs in terms of which type of capital to accumulate. Results suggest that in the presence of multiple risks, farmers may act to increase their investments in human capital even when chances of finding a suitable business opportunity are low; whereas in some cases, they may accumulate higher social capital to enhance their farm subsidy support even under better chances of finding suitable business opportunities. Further, an increase in risk of agricultural unviability, by itself, does not automatically lead to farmers shifting to enterprise.
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Ciaian, Pavel, Jan Fałkowski, and D’Artis Kancs. "Productivity and credit constraints: A firm-level propensity score evidence for agricultural farms in central and east European countries." Acta Oeconomica 62, no. 4 (2012): 459–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.62.2012.4.3.
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Drawing on a unique farm level panel data set with 37,409 observations for period 2004–2005 and employing a matching estimator, this paper analyses how farm access to credit affects farm input allocation and farm efficiency in the CEE transition countries. We find that farms are asymmetrically credit constrained with respect to inputs. Farm use of variable inputs and capital investment increases up to 2.3% and 29%, respectively, per 1000 EUR of additional credit. Our estimates suggest also that farm access to credit increases the total factor productivity up to 1.9% per 1000 EUR of additional credit, indicating that an improved access to credit results in adjusting the relative input intensities on farms. This finding is further supported by a negative effect of better access to credit on labour, suggesting that these two are substitutes. Interestingly, farms are found not to be credit constrained with respect to land.
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Fertő, Imre, Štefan Bojnec, and Szilárd Podruzsik. "Do Subsidies Decrease the Farm Income Inequality in Hungary?" Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 14, no. 2 (2022): 19–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2022.140204.
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The paper investigates the impact of different sources of income on farm household income inequality in Hungary using Farm Accountancy Data Network dataset for the period 2007-2015. The decomposition of the Gini coefficients by income sources is applied to focus on the impact of the policy shift from market to government support on farm household income inequality. Off-farm income are rather stable with a slight increase impact on farm household income inequality. Pillar 1 for direct income support subsidies have remained more important than Pillar 2 for rural development subsidies for farm income due to the importance of direct payments or single area payments for crop production. A slight increase in the importance of subsidies from Pillar 2 can be linked to a policy shift towards targeting farms in less favoured areas, and a greater role of agri-environmental and other rural development payments. The most striking finding is regarding instabilities, declining pattern, and for a large majority of farms negative market income. Subsidies from Pillar 1 reduced, while market income increased farm household income inequality.
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Wu, Karin, Hung-Hao Chang, and Lih-Chyun Sun. "Agricultural disaster programs and family farm labor supply in Taiwan." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 8, no. 4 (2018): 642–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-10-2017-0101.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of disaster relief payments on on-farm and off-farm labor supply of farm households in Taiwan. The effectiveness of the policy amendments of the disaster relief assistance programs is also examined.Design/methodology/approachA unique sample of 124,827 persons living in the family farm household in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 was used. This sample was merged into the township-level administrative profile of all of the recipients of agricultural disaster relief payments from the Natural Disaster Program in Taiwan. A fixed effect panel data model was estimated to analyze the impacts of disaster relief payments on each individual’s labor supply decision.FindingsNatural disaster payments significantly reduced individual’s propensity to work on the farm. Moreover, the higher of the payments, the higher(lower) possibility of the individual to engage in on-farm(off-farm) work. In addition, an increase in the amount of disaster payments can increase the on-farm labor supply of family farm members.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data unavailability, an individual-level panel data set is not used. Future studies can check the robustness of the finding using an individual-level panel data set.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the limited empirical evidence on agricultural relief programs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Farm-finding"
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Carpentieri, Gerardo. "On the mechanical modeling and the optimal design of tensegrity structures." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2138.
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2013 - 2014<br>In this thesis, we investigate the use of the most fundamental elements; cables for tension and bars for compression, in the search for the most efficient bridges. Stable arrangements of these elements are called tensegrity structures. We show herein the minimal mass arrangement of these basic elements to satisfy both yielding and buckling constraints. We show that the minimal mass solution for a simply-supported bridge subject to buckling constraints matches Michell's 1904 paper which treats the case of only yield constraints, even though our boundary conditions differ. The necessary and sufficient condition is given for the minimal mass bridge to lie totally above (or below) deck. Furthermore this condition depends only on material properties. If one ignores joint mass, and considers only bridges above deck level, the optimal complexity (number of elements in the bridge) tends toward infinity (producing a material continuum). If joint mass is considered then the optimal complexity is finite. The optimal (minimal mass) bridge below deck has the smallest possible complexity (and therefore cheaper to build), and under reasonable material choices, yields the smallest mass bridge.<br>XIII n.s.
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Wickman, Helena. "Evaluation of field tests of different ice measurement methods for wind power : focusing on their usability for wind farm site assessment and finding production losses." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-210216.
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The favorable wind recourses in many cold climate regions make them interesting for development of wind farms. However, with the cold climate come drawbacks due to icing. Production losses, fatigue loadings, ice throws and increased noise are some of the more severe issues that have to be addressed. Thus, wind power in cold climaterequires ice detectors both during the prospecting phase in the site assessment and during production for controlling of the turbines. This study aimed to evaluate six ice detector systems and their ability to detect time periods with ice and ice growth. The usability of the detector data for site assessment or controlling of the turbine was also discussed. The tested detectors were: the T 40 series from HoloOptics (HoloOptics), 0872F1 Ice Detector from Goodrich (Goodrich), LID-3300IP from Labkotec (LID), IceMonitor from SAAB Combitech (IceMonitor) and IGUS BLADcontrol from Rexroth Bosch Group (IGUS). Also a combination of the three anemometers Thies 4.3350.00.0000 from Adolf Thies GmbH & Co.KG (Thies), Vaisala WAA252 from Vaisala Oyj (Vaisala) and NRG Icefree3 from NRG Systems (NRG), used for wind measurements, has been analyzed for ice detection purposes. Data from field tests in Åsele municipality in the northern part of Sweden has been processed in MATLAB. Indications of ice and ice growth have been compared between the detectors to see how often they indicate concurrently. The measurements showed that the IceMonitor and the three anemometers indicated the occurrence of ice at the same time most of the time. The detectors with the ability to detect ice growth (Goodrich, LID, T44 and T41, IceMonitor) had a lot fewer concurrent indications. The correspondence between production loss time periods and the IGUS and T41 ice and ice growth indications were also low. Thus it was concluded that periods with ice were possible to find with a decent precision while ice growth and production loss periods were hard to find with any accuracy. The biggest limitation to the detectors’ functionality was the severe icing events that either hindered the detectors from working properly or broke them completely. None of the detectors were recommended for controlling of the wind turbines. If the reliability of the detectors during the more sever icing events could be increase they could however be used for site assessment to give a rough idea of the icing climate.<br>De gynnsamma vindar som finns i många regioner med kallt klimat gör dem intressanta för utveckling av vindkraftparker. Men med det kalla klimatet kommer nackdelar på grund av isbildning. Produktionsförluster, utmattningslaster, iskast och ökat buller är några av de mer allvarliga problem som måste åtgärdas. Således kräver vindkraft i kallt klimat isdetektorer både under prospekteringsfasen av området och under produktion, för styrning av turbinerna. Denna studie hade som syfte att utvärdera sex isdetektorsystem och deras förmåga att upptäcka tidsperioder med is och istillväxt. Detektorernas användbarhet vid projektering eller kontroll av vindturbiner diskuterades också. De testade detektorerna var: T 40-serien från HoloOptics (HoloOptics), 0872F1 Ice Detector från Goodrich (Goodrich), LID-3300IP från Labkotec (LID), IceMonitor från SAAB Combitech (IceMonitor) och IGUS BLADcontrol från Rexroth Bosch Group (IGUS). Även en kombination av de tre anemometrarna Thies 4.3350.00.0000 från Adolf Thies GmbH & Co.KG (Thies), Vaisala WAA252 från Vaisala Oyj (Vaisala) och NRG Icefree3 från NRG Systems (NRG), som används för vindmätningar, har analyserats för isdetektionsändamål. Data från fältstudier i Åsele kommun i norra delen av Sverige har behandlats i MATLAB. Indikationer på is och istillväxt har jämförts mellan detektorerna för att se hur ofta de visar samtidigt. Mätningarna visade att IceMonitor och de tre anemometrarna för det mesta indikerade förekomst av is samtidigt. Detektorerna med förmåga att detektera istillväxt (Goodrich, LID, T44 och T41, IceMonitor) hade mycket färre samtidiga indikationer. Överensstämmelsen mellan tidsperioder med produktionsbortfall, is (IGUS) och istillväxt (T41) var också låg. Således drogs slutsatsen att perioder med is var möjligt att hitta med en anständig precision emedan istillväxt och produktionsförlustperioder var svåra att hitta med någon större exakthet. Den största begränsningen av detektorernas funktionalitet var de svåra nedisningseventen som antingen hindrade detektorerna från att fungera ordentligt eller förstörde dem helt. Ingen av detektorerna rekommenderas för styrning av vindkraftverk. Om tillförlitligheten på detektorerna under de svårare nedisningseventen förbättras skulle detektorerna dock kunna användas vid projektering för att ge en ungefärlig uppfattning av isklimatet.<br>Vindforsk III: V-363 project
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Wagg, Catherine Anne, and cathy wagg@rmit edu au. "Finding meaning: differentiating the multiple discourses of the Potter farmland plan." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091112.121423.
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This study explores the meanings that people attributed to their involvement in a participatory on-farm practice change project. Three techniques of discourse analysis were used. The first two identify the diversity among narratives of the participants and explores the origin of these differences. The third technique examined differences and tensions within and across the narratives to identify the discourses that were operating. Participation was found to be mediated through discourse as agents created and reproduced some discourses through their many social acts. For example, some participants recalled incidences of feeling excluded when they presented an alternative understanding of the project. As a result, these people tended to reduced their involvement rather than explore the differences. The project's discourses therefore routinised the participatory experience and tended to lock the narrative in time despite over two decades of rapid social change. Thi s meant the project discourse mediated a favoured type of participation, one that met a symbolic character rather than the particular farming practices it promoted. The discourses reveal different patterns of sense making among participants involved in the same event. Uneven participation is comprehended from the multiple patterns as a consequence of the participants' discursive practices. Articulating differences in discursive design will assist to create conditions useful for an authentic communication among participants engaged in change programs.
Books on the topic "Farm-finding"
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Sherman, Jennifer. Finding invisible farm workers: The Parlier survey. California Institute for Rural Studies, 1997.
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Laskas, Jeanne Marie. Fifty acres and a poodle: A story of love, livestock, and finding myself on a farm. Bantam Books, 2000.
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Roadley, Rae. Love at the end of the road: Finding my heart in the country. Penguin, 2011.
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Schafer, David. Simply the greatest life: Finding myself in the country. Balboa Pr, 2012.
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Obee, Dave. Back to the land: A genealogical guide to finding farms on the Canadian prairies. 2nd ed. D. Obee, 2003.
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illustrator, Dennis Wesley, ed. Will's new family: A story about a little donkey finding a new home and some really great friends. AuthorHouse, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Farm-finding"
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Rahman, Md Sadique. "Finding Significant Determinants and Impacts of Farm-Level Integrated Pest Management Practices Using Statistical Tools." In Statistics for Data Science and Policy Analysis. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1735-8_23.
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Laborde, David, and Maximo Torero. "Modeling Actions for Transforming Agrifood Systems." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_7.
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AbstractWe modeled six interventions to study the scenarios’ impact on agrifood systems, undernutrition, access to healthy diets, and the environment. We also assessed the interventions as a group to consider the impact of synergies and complementarities. Our baseline showed that 690 million people were undernourished, and 3 billion people could not afford healthy diets in 2019. The first finding confirmed that ending chronic hunger at a 5% level by 2030 is possible, with key structural interventions to ramp up agrifood systems’ efficiency. Through increased farm productivity and reduction of food loss and waste, the number of chronically hungry people could be cut by 314 million. In addition, 568 million people would be able to afford healthy diets by 2030. The cost of ending hunger represents 8% of the size of global food markets, a sum that can be mobilized and invested to generate impact through food value chains, national economies, and social safety nets. Furthermore, the use of well-targeted social safety nets could provide an additional 2.4 billion people with access to healthy diets. The second critical finding was that various interventions could create synergies. This would become apparent through addressing different causes of hunger. Moreover, aiming to minimize the total cost of interventions and seeking, at the same time, the highest return interventions in terms of reduction of undernourishment and an increase in access to healthy diets could create significant trade-offs in regard to sustainability. Countries would have to redistribute $1.4 trillion annually to fill the income gap of the 3 billion people who cannot afford healthy diets. However, by investing in various interventions, countries can drive down the cost of their safety nets by about two thirds or $428 billion globally, in 2030. Combined interventions can also address environmental trade-offs that are bound to occur.
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Duran, Maritza Y., Jason A. Cade, Alyssa Marquez, and Gisela Cruz. "Creando un Mundo Nuevo (Creating a New World)." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4901-1.ch004.
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Farm workers have faced additive barriers with the pandemic and environmental issues that are exceedingly making their jobs more difficult. Coupled with the pandemic, farm workers are facing more obstacles in their everyday life. Despite these challenges, farm workers are finding ways to create organizations and advocacy avenues within their communities. Farm workers are also continuing to keep cultural practices alive and are creating communities where they migrate. These factors are resiliency factors that allow farm workers to create lives that feel meaningful and joyful to them.
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"Concept and Metrics of Agricultural Diversification." In Optimizing the Use of Farm Waste and Non-Farm Waste to Increase Productivity and Food Security. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7934-2.ch002.
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This chapter presents some comparative analysis on agricultural diversification at the national and individual enterprise levels illustrating that although a country or region may have optimum diversification it may not translate into optimum diversification at the enterprise level to the disadvantage of farmers causing the national diversification to be unsustainable. This finding may strengthen the justification for an expanded model at the enterprise level to include integration of various aspects of production, such as crops, livestock, aquaculture, and soil and livestock feed production. The remaining chapters will identify and describe the various aspects and characteristics of the farm model from a practical perspective of an individual farm enterprise utilizing the model and demonstrating how to optimize farm waste to approach a zero waste scenario so that it can be instructive for various levels of uptake, including the individual farm enterprise level.
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"General Introduction." In Optimizing the Use of Farm Waste and Non-Farm Waste to Increase Productivity and Food Security. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7934-2.ch001.
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There are myriad issues facing traditional farming in the Caribbean region. Despite various policy interventions and implementation of concepts over the past five decades for agricultural diversification in the region to increase local food production, the region is still grappling with finding an appropriate model to solve major issues. The issues are now exacerbated by the impacts of climate change, and major shifts in the approach to solving the issues have not yet proved fruitful. Against the setback of issues, controversies, and problems of farming in the Caribbean and the St. Kitts-Nevis example of a small island developing state (SID), the justification will be made for a diversified-integrated model that can account for the setbacks by optimizing farm and non-farm waste to build productivity, competitiveness, flexibility, and sustainability which are categorically the factors of successful farming.
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Himanshu, Peter Lanjouw, and Nicholas Stern. "Poverty, Inequality, and Mobility in Palanpur." In How Lives Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806509.003.0009.
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Palanpur offers the rare opportunity to simultaneously examine levels and trends in poverty, inequality, and income mobility over an extended period. This chapter documents the evolution of these distributional outcomes and points to some striking changes over time. It shows that the forces of agricultural change and non-farm diversification have combined to generate rising per capita incomes and falling poverty in Palanpur. Such forces have also, in recent years, fostered social mobility, with some households from the traditionally poorest castes finding remunerative earning opportunities in the non-farm sector. However, income inequality has also risen sharply in Palanpur, and this process is also seen to have been strongly driven by the expansion of the non-farm sector. When a long-term perspective is taken, the chapter shows that intergenerational mobility—considered here in terms of the strength of association between the incomes of fathers and sons—has declined over the entire survey period.
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"1. Finding Independence." In Beyond the Farm. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812203455.17.
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Kozakavich, Stacy C. "Building the Ideal." In The Archaeology of Utopian and Intentional Communities. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056593.003.0002.
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This chapter introduces the terminology of studying alternative communities and interrogates the terms utopian, communal, and intentional as applicable to the subject of the book. Finding "intentional communities" to be the preferred term, the chapter provides five qualities that are shared by all groups who may be defined as such. An overview of the types of communities prevalent in American history follows, including religious movements such as the Shakers and Harmonists, social reform movements such as the Oneida Community and Brook Farm, and socialist experiments such as the Kaweah Co-operative Commonwealth and Llano del Rio Cooperative. The chapter explains why company towns, residential institutions, and temporary communities are not intentional communities and provides justification for the geographic limitations of the volume.
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"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by N. Nibedita Palita, Ananthan P. Shanmugam, Debabrata Panda, and Ramasubramanian Vaidhyanathan. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch15.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—A field study was conducted to understand the livelihoods and poverty incidence among fishers and nonfishers (farmers and farm laborers) residing around the Hirakud reservoir in Odisha State, India. About 14,500 fishers in 159 villages are dependent on Hirakud fisheries. The fishers belonged to several socially diversified groups, including traditional fishing castes (42%) and agricultural and artisanal castes. Both fisher and nonfisher households had diversified occupational profiles. The literacy rate among fishers was 62%, as compared to nonfishers (83%). While housing, per se, did not differ, basic amenities (sanitation, electricity, and drinking water) were far better among nonfishers and correlated significantly with higher educational status and expenditures for health and well-being. Forty-two percent of fishers belonged to the fishing caste and most of the nonfishers (74%) belonged to other castes (i.e., not part of the fishing, agriculture, or artisanal caste). Inequality and poverty studies revealed that fishers were poorer than nonfishers as per both the standards of India’s Planning Commission and the World Bank. This finding was also supported by the results of a poverty gap index and a Watts index, which highlighted a greater depth of poverty among fishers than nonfishers. The incidence of extreme poverty was 21% among fishers and 3% among nonfishers when using the cut-off per capita expenditure of purchasing power parity (PPP) US$1.25/d, and the incidence rose to 64% and 34%, respectively, when the cut-off line is PPP $2/d. Interestingly, as per Gini index values, income inequality was greater among nonfishers (0.215) and the average rural Indians (0.339) than the fishers (0.158).
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"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by N. Nibedita Palita, Ananthan P. Shanmugam, Debabrata Panda, and Ramasubramanian Vaidhyanathan. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch15.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—A field study was conducted to understand the livelihoods and poverty incidence among fishers and nonfishers (farmers and farm laborers) residing around the Hirakud reservoir in Odisha State, India. About 14,500 fishers in 159 villages are dependent on Hirakud fisheries. The fishers belonged to several socially diversified groups, including traditional fishing castes (42%) and agricultural and artisanal castes. Both fisher and nonfisher households had diversified occupational profiles. The literacy rate among fishers was 62%, as compared to nonfishers (83%). While housing, per se, did not differ, basic amenities (sanitation, electricity, and drinking water) were far better among nonfishers and correlated significantly with higher educational status and expenditures for health and well-being. Forty-two percent of fishers belonged to the fishing caste and most of the nonfishers (74%) belonged to other castes (i.e., not part of the fishing, agriculture, or artisanal caste). Inequality and poverty studies revealed that fishers were poorer than nonfishers as per both the standards of India’s Planning Commission and the World Bank. This finding was also supported by the results of a poverty gap index and a Watts index, which highlighted a greater depth of poverty among fishers than nonfishers. The incidence of extreme poverty was 21% among fishers and 3% among nonfishers when using the cut-off per capita expenditure of purchasing power parity (PPP) US$1.25/d, and the incidence rose to 64% and 34%, respectively, when the cut-off line is PPP $2/d. Interestingly, as per Gini index values, income inequality was greater among nonfishers (0.215) and the average rural Indians (0.339) than the fishers (0.158).
Conference papers on the topic "Farm-finding"
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Eby, Christopher, and Alice Armstrong. "Finding the farm." In the 2nd International Conference. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999370.
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Matsumoto, Keiichi, Yuuki Yamasaki, Yoshitaka Matsumura, Noriko Horibe, Alireza Ahrary, and Shin Ichi Aoqui. "Modeling of Environmental Factors for Finding Optimal Conditions on Cultivating Farm Products." In 2014 IIAI 3rd International Conference on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAIAAI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai.2014.49.
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Yeter, Baran, Yordan Garbatov, and Carlos Guedes Soares. "Analysis of Life Extension Performance Metrics for Offshore Wind Assets." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78184.
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Abstract The objective of the present study is to investigate systematically the key metrics to evaluate the life extension performance of offshore wind farm operations. Finding the appropriate performance metric for an operation is essential for a durable, reliable, and profitable offshore wind farm operation. The analyzed key performance metrics are gross profit margin, return on asset, compounded annual rate of return of initial investment and levelized cost of energy. The mean value and standard deviation of each performance metric are calculated within a probabilistic techno-economic assessment framework for a single offshore wind asset, which is later extended to evaluate the whole offshore wind farm by a multi-asset portfolio optimization. The Markowitz modern portfolio theory is applied to estimate the maximum risk-adjusted ratio and Sharpe ratio, for the key performance metrics. Subsequently, the key performance metrics are compared to identify the most suitable metrics at different stages of the life extension. Moreover, the present study investigates the effect of different uncertainty levels associated with the stochastic variables in the techno-economic assessment. Finally, the suitability of performance metrics is analyzed and discussed for different offshore wind farm sizes and related recommendations are given.
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Li, Lin, Zhiyu Jiang, Jungao Wang, and Muk Chen Ong. "Predicting the Heading Misalignment of a Vessel-Shaped Offshore Fish Farm Under Waves and Currents." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77476.
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A vessel-shaped fish farm concept for open sea applications has been proposed recently. The whole system consists of a vessel-shaped floater, fish cages positioned longitudinally along the floater, and a single-point mooring system. The whole system weathervanes; this feature increases the spread area for the fish waste. However, the downstream cages may experience reduced water exchange when the vessel is parallel to the currents. This situation may jeopardize the fish health. A dynamic positioning (DP) system may be necessary to improve the flow conditions. This paper investigates the misalignment angle between the heading of the vessel-shaped fish farm and the currents under combined wave and current conditions. The misalignment angle is critical for the estimation of the DP system consumption. A numerical model of the fish farm system with flexible nets is developed. Current reduction factors are included to account for the flow velocity reductions between the net panels. The heading of the system is obtained by finding the equilibrium condition of the whole system under each combined wave and current condition. An integrated method using metamodels is proposed and applied for the prediction of the misalignment angle for a reference site. The probability distribution of the misalignment angle between the vessel heading and the currents is calculated using the Kriging metamodel for the reference site. Based on the prediction, the requirement for the DP system to improve the flow condition in the fish cages is discussed.
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MATYSIK-PEJAS, Renata, Monika SZAFRAŃSKA, and Elżbieta LATO. "DETERMINANTS OF LEADING OF ORGANIC FARMS IN MAŁOPOLSKA REGION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.033.
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Poland is a country with significant potential for the development of organic farming. This is due to the possession of rural areas characterized by favorable natural and productive conditions. The advantages of Polish agriculture include relatively clean environment, low chemicals consumption, large labor resources and relatively low labor costs. The main objective of conducted research was to present factors determining the leading of organic farms in the conditions of fragmented agriculture in south Poland. The research was conducted in the Malopolska Voivodeship in 2017. Source material for analysis was primary information collected using PAPI method. In the survey participated 50 certified organic farms chosen by using purposive method of sample selection. In the area structure of surveyed organic farms dominated farms from 5.1 ha to 10 ha. The most popular direction of agricultural production on farms was the growing vegetables. Owners of organic farms as one of the main reasons for moving the farm from conventional to organic systems, considered the possibility of obtaining subsidies for one hectare of cultivation. These subsidies provide them financial support especially in the first years of operation on the market. The least important reason for transformation a farm from conventional to organic system was the factor associated with the reduction of environmental pollution as a result of the change in system of farming. As one of the advantages of running a organic farm, producers pointed the possibility of selecting disease-resistant plant and animal species and creating additional workplaces. On the other hand, as a basic disadvantage of organic farming, farmers pointed out the difficulties in finding market for the products from the farm. Most farm owners cooperate with various organizations connected with ecology. Very popular among them are also different kind of training courses, which are aimed at expanding knowledge of organic production. At the same time the educational activity of the surveyed farms is very low. Only in a few farms was conducted educational activity for children or people interested in ecology.
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Doorn, Diana van, Noel Richardson, and Aoife Osborne. "0272 Finding a space for health within the context of ‘occupational risk’ and farm policy: ireland’s ‘farmers have hearts’ workplace cardiovascular screening programme." In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.223.
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Turner, Adam A., Dean M. Steinke, Ryan S. Nicoll, and Patrik Stenmark. "Comparison of Taut and Catenary Mooring Systems for Finfish Aquaculture." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78261.
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Finfish aquaculture has been expanding in areas like Norway and Canada over the last 20 years, and is projected to expand further in the next decades as the planet’s population and demand for seafood increases. Finding appropriate salmon farm sites is becoming increasingly difficult, as there are fewer protected nearshore locations available for development. As a result, there is interest in increased utilization of existing leases (i.e. permitted sites). These leases have a boundary in which the anchors and mooring lines must be contained. Reducing the footprint of the mooring arrangement will allow for an increased utilization of existing leases. A possible method to reduce the footprint of a spread moored salmon farm is to use a taut mooring rather than a chain catenary mooring. This requires the use of mooring materials and components that allows for handling of tidal elevation changes and wave action. This paper investigates the performance of a taut moored configuration with integrated Seaflex elastomeric mooring components in comparison with a conventional chain catenary configuration using dynamic analysis. The results show that a reduced footprint taut mooring configuration with integrated elastomeric mooring components can be substituted for a typical chain catenary mooring with no significant increase in peak mooring line loads at extreme sea states and significant reduction in peak loading at moderate and calm seastates.
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Abhinav, K. A., Maurizio Collu, Sun Ke, and Zhou Binzhen. "Frequency Domain Analysis of a Hybrid Aquaculture-Wind Turbine Offshore Floating System." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96171.
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Abstract The aquaculture industry is being pushed into deeper waters, to accommodate the increasing demand for seafood worldwide and the lack of nearshore sites: aquaculture systems for farther, harsher conditions are now being proposed. The Blue Growth initiative by the European Union is also tuned in the same direction, with the focus being on developing ocean based resources, including energy and aquaculture, and finding synergies among them. The present work proposes a novel multi-purpose platform (MPP), by retrofitting a feed barge with a small wind turbine and energy storage system, able to provide sustainable energy to a reference offshore aquaculture farm. The requirements and constraints for such hybrid system are defined, as well as a set of keys load cases, and its performance are analysed in the frequency domain. Wave loads are modelled using linear potential theory, while from an aerodynamic point of view, only the maximum thrust at the wind turbine hub level is considered in the static stability analysis. With reference to stability criteria and dynamic analysis in frequency domain, the suitability of the proposed MPP to act as a source of feed storage and energy supply is established, showing this as a potentially suitable solution.
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Nichols, Brad, Timothy Dimond, Josh Storer, and Paul Allaire. "Experimental Study and Optimization of a 2.44 Meter Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46605.
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Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have long been considered a viable source for alternative energy; however, limited published research has contributed to limited technological advancement in these machines. Slower advancements are due, in part, to their complex aerodynamic models which include wake effects, vortex shedding, and cyclical blade angles of attack and Reynolds numbers. VAWTs are believed to hold several advantages over their more popular and better studied horizontal axis counterparts, including a simpler design and better efficiencies in lower wind speeds. They may have a unique niche in standalone applications at moderate wind speeds such as on an island, a remote military installation, or an inland farm. Currently, no published design standards or criteria exist for optimizing the physical properties of these turbines to maximize power output. A 2.44 m tall VAWT prototype with variable physical parameters was constructed for wind tunnel testing. The purpose of the experiment was to maximize the turbine’s power output by optimizing its physical configuration within the given parameters. These parameters included rotor radius, blade chord length, and pitch offset angle. The prototype was designed as a scaled-down model of a potential future VAWT unit that may be used to sustain a small farm or 2–4 houses. The wind tunnel consisted of a 2.74 m by 1.52 m cross section and could produce maximum wind speeds of 3.56 m/s. The turbine prototype consisted of three sets of interchangeable blades featuring two airfoils of varying chord length. Spokes of varying length allowed for rotor radii of 190.5, 317.5, and 444.5 mm. The pitch offset of the blades was varied from 0°–20° with a focus on the 10°–16° range as preliminary results suggested that this was the optimal range for this turbine. Ramp-up and steady-state rotational speeds were recorded as the blades were interchanged and the turbine radius was varied. A disk brake provided braking torque so that power coefficients could be estimated. This study successfully optimized the turbine’s power output within the given set of test parameters. The importance of finding an appropriate aspect ratio and pitch offset angle are clearly demonstrated in the results. A systematic approach to small scale wind tunnel testing prior to implementation is presented in this paper.
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King, Carey W., Jay Zarnikau, and Phil Henshaw. "Defining a Standard Measure for Whole System EROI Combining Economic “Top-Down” and LCA “Bottom-Up” Accounting." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90414.
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Business investments rely on creating a whole system of different parts, technologies, field and business operations, management, land, financing and commerce using a network of other services. Using the example of a wind farm development, a typical life cycle assessment (LCA) focuses upon the primary technology inputs and their countable embodied direct impacts. What LCA omits are the direct and indirect impacts of the rest of the business system that operates the primary technology, the labor, commerce and other technology employed. A total environmental assessment (TEA) would include the physical costs to the environment of the labor, commerce and other technology too. Here a simplified “system energy assessment” (SEA) is used to combine a “top-down” method of measuring implied indirect business impacts using econometric methods, with a “bottom-up” method of adding up the identifiable direct impact parts. The top-down technique gives an inclusive but rough measure. The bottom-up technique gives a precise accounting for the directly identifiable individual parts that is highly incomplete. SEA allows these two kinds of measures to be combined for a significantly improved understanding of the whole business system and its impacts, combining the high and low precision measures indentified by each method. The key is exhaustively accounting for energy uses within the natural boundary of a whole business system as a way of calibrating the measure. That allows defining a standardized measure of complex distributed system energy flows and their energy returns on invested energy resources (EROI). The method is demonstrated for a generic business operation. Starting from the easily accountable inputs and outputs, SEA successively uses larger natural system boundaries to discover a way of finding the limiting value of EROI after all parts of the whole are included. Some business choices and a net present value model of cash flow for the 20 year project help illustrate the related financial issues. The business model used shows that the EROI of a generic “Texas Wind Farm” is 31 when accounting for direct and indirect fuels only, but decreases to 4–6 after accounting for the economic energy consumed by all necessary business units and services.
Reports on the topic "Farm-finding"
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Omotilewa, Oluwatoba, Thomas Jayne, and Milu Muyanga. The Farm Size-Productivity Relationship: Evidence From Panel Data Analysis of Small- and Medium-Scale Farms in Nigeria. APRA, Future Agricultures Consortium, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.040.
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The finding that smaller farms are more productive than larger farms has long been documented. At present, evidence in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region has been largely limited to data from farms operating 5ha and below. Examining changes in farm size distributions and their relationship with agricultural productivity is important not only for agricultural economists and development researchers but also for evidence-based policymaking which goes beyond the current smallholder-led strategies for development in the region. This study examined the dynamics of farm operations between small-scale farms (SSFs) and medium-scale farms (MSFs) over time in different farm size categories and their relationship with agricultural productivity using farming household data spanning 0–40ha in Nigeria.
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Kislev, Yoav, Ramon Lopez, and Ayal Kimhi. Intergenerational Transfers by Farmers under Different Institutional Environments. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604936.bard.
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This research studies the issues of intergenerational transfers in general and farm succession in particular in two different institutional environments. One is the relatively unregulated farm sector in the United States, and the other is the heavily regulated family farms in Israeli moshavim. Most of the analysis is based on modern economic theory dealing with inheritance and other intergenerational issues. However, we start with two background studies. One is a review of the legal system affecting farm succession in the moshav, which, as we claim throughout the report, is of major importance to the question in hand. The second is an ethnographical study aimed at documenting various inheritance and succession practices in different moshavim. These two studies provide insight for most of the economic studies included here. The theoretical studies mostly deal with various aspects of two major decisions faced by farmers: who will succeed them on the farm, and when will succession take place. The first decision clearly depends on the institutional structure: for instance, Israeli farmers are limited to one successor while American farmers are not. The second decision can be taken in three stages: sharing farm work with the successor, sharing farm management, and eventually transferring the ownership. The occurrence and length of each stage depend on the first decision as well as on the institutional structure directly. The empirical studies are aimed at analyzing the practices and considerations of Israeli and American farmers regarding various intergenerational transfers-related issues. We found that American farmers' decisions are mainly driven by the desire to let the farm prosper in future generations and by a preference for equal treatment of heirs, and not at all by old-age support considerations. In contrast, we demonstrate the significant effect of old-age support on the value of the transferred farm in a sample of Israeli farms. Using Israeli census data, we find that the time of farm ownership transfer responds to economic incentives. A smaller Israeli panel data set shows that controlling for the occurrence of succession, farm size rises with operator's age and eventually falls, while intensity of production seems to decline steadily. This explains another finding, that farm transfer contributed significantly to farm growth when farming was attractive to successors. This finding supports our main conclusion, that the succession decisions are of major importance to the viability and profitability of family farms over the long run.
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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.
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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.
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- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.