Relevant bibliographies by topics / Far surround

Academic literature on the topic 'Far surround'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Far surround.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Far surround"

1

Shushruth, S., Jennifer M. Ichida, Jonathan B. Levitt, and Alessandra Angelucci. "Comparison of Spatial Summation Properties of Neurons in Macaque V1 and V2." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 4 (October 2009): 2069–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00512.2009.

Full text
Abstract:
In visual cortex, responses to stimulation of the receptive field (RF) are modulated by simultaneous stimulation of the RF surround. The mechanisms for surround modulation remain unidentified. We previously proposed that in the primary visual cortex (V1), near surround modulation is mediated by geniculocortical and horizontal connections and far surround modulation by interareal feedback connections. To understand spatial integration in the secondary visual cortex (V2) and its underlying circuitry, we have characterized spatial summation in different V2 layers and stripe compartments and compared it to that in V1. We used grating stimuli in circular and annular apertures of different sizes to estimate the extent and sensitivity of RF and surround components in V1 and V2. V2 RFs and surrounds were twice as large as those in V1. As in V1, V2 RFs doubled in size when measured at low contrast. In both V1 and V2, surrounds were about fivefold the size of the RF and the far surround could exceed 12.5° in radius, averaging 5.5° in V1 and 9.2° in V2. The strength of surround suppression was similar in both areas. Thus although differing in spatial scale, the interactions among RF components are similar in V1 and V2, suggesting similar underlying mechanisms. As in V1, the extent of V2 horizontal connections matches that of the RF center, but is much smaller than the largest far surrounds, which likely derive from interareal feedback. In V2, we found no laminar or stripe differences in size and magnitude of surround suppression, suggesting conservation across stripes of the basic circuit for surround modulation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ichida, Jennifer M., Lars Schwabe, Paul C. Bressloff, and Alessandra Angelucci. "Response Facilitation From the “Suppressive” Receptive Field Surround of Macaque V1 Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 4 (October 2007): 2168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00298.2007.

Full text
Abstract:
In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal responses to optimally oriented stimuli in the receptive field (RF) center are usually suppressed by iso-oriented stimuli in the RF surround. The mechanisms and pathways giving rise to surround modulation, a possible neural correlate of perceptual figure-ground segregation, are not yet identified. We previously proposed that highly divergent and fast-conducting top-down feedback connections are the substrate for fast modulation arising from the more distant regions of the surround. We have recently implemented this idea into a recurrent network model ( Schwabe et al. 2006 ). The purpose of this study was to test a crucial prediction of this feedback model, namely that the suppressive “far” surround of V1 neurons can be facilitatory under conditions that weakly activate neurons in the RF center. Using single-unit recordings in macaque V1, we found iso-orientation far-surround facilitation when the RF center was driven by a low-contrast stimulus and the far surround by a small annular stimulus. Suppression occurred when the center stimulus contrast or the size of the surround stimulus was increased. This suggests that center-surround interactions result from excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of similar spatial extent, and that changes in the balance of local excitation and inhibition, induced by surround stimulation, determine whether facilitation or suppression occurs. In layer 4C, the main target of geniculocortical afferents, lacking long-range intra-cortical connections, far-surround facilitation was rare and large surround fields were absent. This strongly suggests that feedforward connections do not contribute to far-surround modulation and that the latter is generated by intra-cortical mechanisms, likely involving top-down feedback.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Eifuku, Satoshi, and Robert H. Wurtz. "Response to Motion in Extrastriate Area MSTl: Disparity Sensitivity." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 5 (November 1, 1999): 2462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2462.

Full text
Abstract:
Many neurons in the lateral-ventral region of the medial superior temporal area (MSTl) have a clear center surround separation in their receptive fields. Either moving or stationary stimuli in the surround modulates the response to moving stimuli in the center, and this modulation could facilitate the perceptual segmentation of a moving object from its background. Another mechanism that could facilitate such segmentation would be sensitivity to binocular disparity in the center and surround regions of the receptive fields of these neurons. We therefore investigated the sensitivity of these MSTl neurons to disparity ranging from three degrees crossed disparity (near) to three degrees uncrossed disparity (far) applied to both the center and the surround regions. Many neurons showed clear disparity sensitivity to stimulus motion in the center of the receptive field. About [Formula: see text] of 104 neurons had a clear peak in their response, whereas another [Formula: see text] had broader tuning. Monocular stimulation abolished the tuning. The prevalence of cells broadly tuned to near and far disparity and the reversal of preferred directions at different disparities observed in MSTd were not found in MSTl. A stationary surround at zero disparity simply modulated up or down the response to moving stimuli at different disparities in the receptive field (RF) center but did not alter the disparity tuning curve. When the RF center motion was held at zero disparity and the disparity of the stationary surround was varied, some surround disparities produced greater modulation of MSTl neuron response than did others. Some neurons with different disparity preferences in center and surround responded best to the relative disparity differences between center and surround, whereas others were related to the absolute difference between center and surround. The combination of modulatory surrounds and the sensitivity to relative difference between center and surround disparity make these MSTl neurons particularly well suited for the segmentation of a moving object from the background.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Previc, Fred H., and Michael Donnelly. "The Effects of Visual Depth and Eccentricity on Manual Bias, Induced Motion, and Vection." Perception 22, no. 8 (August 1993): 929–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220929.

Full text
Abstract:
The relationship between the effects of visual-surround roll motion on compensatory manual tracking of a central display and the perceptual phenomena of induced motion and vection were investigated. To determine if manual-control biases generated in the direction of surround rotation compensate primarily for the perceived counterrotation of the central display (‘induced motion’) or the perceived counterrotation of the entire body (‘vection’), the depth and eccentricity of the visual surround were varied. In the first experiment, twelve subjects attempted to keep an unstable central display level while viewing rotating visual surrounds in three depth planes: near (∼20 cm in front of the central display), coplanar, and far (∼21 cm behind the central display). In the second experiment, twelve additional subjects viewed a rotating surround that was presented either in the full visual field (0–110 deg) or in central and peripheral regions of similar width. Manual-control biases and induced motion were shown to be closely related to one another and strongly influenced both by central and by peripheral surround motion at or beyond the plane of fixation. Vection, on the other hand, was shown to be much more dependent on peripheral visual inputs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Seymour, Kiley, and Susan Wardle. "Differential orientation tuning of near and far surround suppression in human V1." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (August 31, 2017): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.797.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Royden, Constance S., James F. Baker, and John Allman. "Perceptions of Depth Elicited by Occluded and Shearing Motions of Random Dots." Perception 17, no. 3 (June 1988): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p170289.

Full text
Abstract:
A computer-controlled display of random dots was used to study perceptions of depth. In this display, a field of stationary random dots surrounded a rectangular area in which random dots moved with uniform velocity in a single direction. The boundaries of this rectangle did not move. When dot motion was perpendicular to the longer boundary of the rectangle (occluded motion), the rectangle seemed to be behind the stationary background surround. Motion parallel to the longer boundary of the rectangle (shearing motion) made it appear in front of the surround. The relative lengths of the sides of the rectangle determined which effect predominated. Thus, for motion perpendicular to the long axis of the rectangle the occlusion predominated and naive subjects reported that the central area seemed farther away than the surround. For shearing motion parallel to the long axis, the subjects reported that the rectangle was closer than the surround and the strength of both effects also depended on the length-to-width ratio of the rectangle. If there was occluded motion along the long axis, as the length-to-width ratio increased so did the likelihood that subjects would report seeing the rectangle behind the surround. Conversely, with shearing motion along the long axis, increasing the length-to-width ratio increased the likelihood that the rectangle would appear unambiguously in front of the surround. Some subjects integrated the two cues with the resulting perception being a rotating cylinder. The occlusion effect was stronger than the shearing effect. In fact, this ‘far’ depth effect was so powerful that it tended to override conflicting depth cues such as height in the visual field or stereopsis. The ‘near’ depth effect produced by shearing motion was definite but these other depth cues could often override it.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Neri, Peter, and Dennis Levi. "Surround Motion Silences Signals From Same-Direction Motion." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 5 (November 2009): 2594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00489.2009.

Full text
Abstract:
The response of motion-sensitive neurons to stimuli presented within their receptive field is often affected by stimulation in the surrounding region. These effects have perceptually relevant consequences that can be measured using behavioral techniques. We used psychophysical reverse correlation to characterize directional selectivity in human observers while they processed a local motion stimulus and studied the effect of adding an additional motion signal in the surrounding region. The surround had no effect on response gain for signals of opposite direction but selectively reduced gain for those of same direction. Surprisingly this reduction was close to 100%, effectively amounting to a gating process whereby signals of same direction were completely silenced. Our data indicate that by far the most prominent perceptual manifestation of center-surround antagonism is gain suppression by motion in the same direction without any appreciable change in directional tuning.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Tsui, James M. G., and Christopher C. Pack. "Contrast sensitivity of MT receptive field centers and surrounds." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 4 (October 2011): 1888–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00165.2011.

Full text
Abstract:
Neurons throughout the visual system have receptive fields with both excitatory and suppressive components. The latter are responsible for a phenomenon known as surround suppression, in which responses decrease as a stimulus is extended beyond a certain size. Previous work has shown that surround suppression in the primary visual cortex depends strongly on stimulus contrast. Such complex center-surround interactions are thought to relate to a variety of functions, although little is known about how they affect responses in the extrastriate visual cortex. We have therefore examined the interaction of center and surround in the middle temporal (MT) area of the macaque ( Macaca mulatta) extrastriate cortex by recording neuronal responses to stimuli of different sizes and contrasts. Our findings indicate that surround suppression in MT is highly contrast dependent, with the strongest suppression emerging unexpectedly at intermediate stimulus contrasts. These results can be explained by a simple model that takes into account the nonlinear contrast sensitivity of the neurons that provide input to MT. The model also provides a qualitative link to previous reports of a topographic organization of area MT based on clusters of neurons with differing surround suppression strength. We show that this organization can be detected in the gamma-band local field potentials (LFPs) and that the model parameters can predict the contrast sensitivity of these LFP responses. Overall our results show that surround suppression in area MT is far more common than previously suspected, highlighting the potential functional importance of the accumulation of nonlinearities along the dorsal visual pathway.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

YU, HSIN-HAO, and MARCELLO G. P. ROSA. "Uniformity and diversity of response properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex: Selectivity for orientation, direction of motion, and stimulus size from center to far periphery." Visual Neuroscience 31, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523813000448.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractAlthough the primary visual cortex (V1) is one of the most extensively studied areas of the primate brain, very little is known about how the far periphery of visual space is represented in this area. We characterized the physiological response properties of V1 neurons in anaesthetized marmoset monkeys, using high-contrast drifting gratings. Comparisons were made between cells with receptive fields located in three regions of V1, defined by eccentricity: central (3–5°), near peripheral (5–15°), and far peripheral (>50°). We found that orientation selectivity of individual cells was similar from the center to the far periphery. Nonetheless, the proportion of orientation-selective neurons was higher in central visual field representation than in the peripheral representations. In addition, there were similar proportions of cells representing all orientations, with the exception of the representation of the far periphery, where we detected a bias favoring near-horizontal orientations. The proportions of direction-selective cells were similar throughout V1. When the center/surround organization of the receptive fields was tested with gratings with varying diameters, we found that the population of neurons that was suppressed by large gratings was smaller in the far periphery, although the strength of suppression in these cells tended to be stronger. In addition, the ratio between the diameters of the excitatory centers and suppressive surrounds was similar across the entire visual field. These results suggest that, superimposed on the broad uniformity of V1, there are subtle physiological differences, which indicate that spatial information is processed differently in the central versus far peripheral visual fields.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hu, Feng, Shuping Yu, and Wenjia Zhou. "“Seeing” the Invisible: Under Vehicle Reconstruction (UVR) for Surround View Visualization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2330, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2330/1/012015.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Providing blind-spot-free vehicle surround view to the driver is important for many driving maneuvers such as parking. Existing vehicle Surround View System (SVS) can only visualize front, left, rear and right side of the vehicle but leaves the under vehicle area unknown. However, perceiving the under vehicle area is critical for many tasks such as passing through speed bumps, avoiding potholes, driving on narrow roads with high curbs or the unpaved terrain. In this paper, we propose a novel Under Vehicle Reconstruction (UVR) algorithm which utilizes what the vehicle sees in the past and vehicle egomotion to “see” through the original invisible under vehicle area. First, front or back fisheye cameras, are utilized to build a local textured map for future usage. Second, vehicle’s precise location and orientation within the local map is estimated using the vehicle egomotion. Finally, correspondent under vehicle area texture is retrieved from the map using vehicle’s pose and stitched together with traditional Surround View System to provide a new blind-spot-free visualization. As far as we know, our work is the first solution that can provide full under vehicle area reconstruction which empowers many Advanced Driving Assistant System (ADAS) functionalities such as transparent hood or transparent vehicle. Experiments on both simulated and real data are presented to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Far surround"

1

Radley, Diane. "Redefining boundaries." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12072005-141431.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Jeans, Rhiannon. "Form perception and neural feedback: insights from V1 and V2." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12731.

Full text
Abstract:
In the brain, every cortical inter-area feedforward projection shares a reciprocal feedback connection. Despite its pervasive nature in the brain, our understanding of the functional role of neural feedback in form perception remains incomplete, particularly in behaving animals. This problem is addressed in humans with a novel form completion paradigm. Seven subjects (5 female) had their EEG waveforms analysed using three linear models showing non-significant differences between stimulus conditions designed to produce differences by manipulating neural feedback to V1. Two of these subjects (one female), in addition to EEG waveforms, had combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) cortical maps that allowed anatomically close areas such as V1 and V2 to have their signals decomposed and neural feedback inferred. Differences between stimulus conditions arose once signals had been divided into V1 and V2. Significant differences (p < .05) for one subject in V1 and V2 suggests cortical interactions at 100ms and 350ms. This suggests the form completion paradigm has utility at investigating the influence of the V2 far receptive field surround on V1, given future given signal to noise issues are resolved.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Far surround"

1

Mobley, Martha Ann Forest. The mountains surround us: Memories of a Georgia family. Jasper, Ga. (Rte. 1, Box 68, Jasper 30143): Mobley & Stenger, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Milne, A. A. Piglet is Entirely Surrounded by Water. New York: Dutton Children's Books, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Milne, A. A. Piglet Is Entirely Surrounded by Water. New York, USA: Dutton Children's Books, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Milne, A. A. Piglet Is Entirely Surrounded by Water. New York, NY: Dutton Children's Books, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Milne, A. A. Piglet is entirely surrounded by water. New York: Dutton Children's Books, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Milne, A. A. Piglet is Entirely Surrounded by Water. New York, USA: Dutton Children's Books, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Urrutia Sánchez, Elena. 10 didactic activities for intermediate english classes. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789585136441.

Full text
Abstract:
This book has been created for both intermediate English students and their English teachers, who will be able to find a variety of activities to complement their English classes. Although this book has been particularly designed for Intermediate English levels and academic spaces at the Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés, such as Language and Communication I II, Language Interaction and Anglophone Society I II, and even Pedagogical Practicum and Formative Research, it can be adapted to several other levels of mastery of the language, as well as to a wide range of educational EFL (English as a Foreign Language) and ESL (English as a Second Language) settings, given the fact that the book's main aim is to provide students with the opportunity to take a prime role as the center of the leaming process of a rich experience of language in use (Krashen, 1989). Such goal can be achieved through didactic class tasks that can ignite the thirst for communicating in English in order to consolidate the concepts already learned in class and, beyond that, by letting go of any fear and anxiety to 'function' well-or 'accurately'-in English class, and sharing their own background knowledge and their own 'self' towards the construction of new ways of thinking and seeing the world that surrounds them within an educational framework.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Simone, AbdouMaliq. The Surrounds. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022749.

Full text
Abstract:
In The Surrounds renowned urbanist AbdouMaliq Simone offers a new theorization of the interface of the urban and the political. Working at the intersection of Black studies, urban theory, and decolonial and Islamic thought, Simone centers the surrounds—those urban spaces beyond control and capture that exist as a locus of rebellion and invention. He shows that even in clearly defined city environments, whether industrial, carceral, administrative, or domestic, residents use spaces for purposes they were not designed for: schools become housing, markets turn into classrooms, tax offices transform into repair shops. The surrounds, Simone contends, are where nothing fits according to design. They are where forgotten and marginalized populations invent new relations and ways of living and being, continuously reshaping what individuals and collectives can do. Focusing less on what new worlds may come to be and more on what people are creating now, Simone shows how the surrounds are an integral part of the expansiveness of urban imagination.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kerins, Mark. Multichannel Gaming and the Aesthetics of Interactive Surround. Edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.014.

Full text
Abstract:
This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter examines multichannel sound—specifically 5.1-channel surround sound—in video games, using gaming genres to explore the varying ways that games structure the three-way relationship among a multichannel sound track, onscreen visuals, and the game play itself. This approach uncovers distinct strategies of multichannel usage in platformers, first-person shooters, third-person 3D games, and rhythm games, and shows how these differ from traditional cinematic multichannel uses, especially in the way they problematize the relationship between image and sound. These differing approaches to game aesthetics illustrate different ways of conceiving the relationship among players, their in-game avatars, and the game world, with the sound mixing “rules” programmed into a game revealing the type of immersion and interactivity the game can promote. For example, some strategies reinforce the player–avatar connection, whereas others increase the distance between them. The chapter concludes by considering how industrial and technical factors unique to gaming impact multichannel sound usage.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Brown, Deborah J., and Calvin G. Normore. Descartes and the Ontology of Everyday Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836810.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Far from being the founder of an austere reductionism, Descartes is committed to a rich, multilayered, and complex metaphysics. This book begins by locating Descartes’s work against the ancient and medieval background to which he is reacting. It proceeds to argue that his theory of distinctions requires what he explicitly endorses―that in addition to minds and modes, there are material substances of every size. These substances when appropriately configured form automata, self-sustaining, functionally integrated systems of which animals and human bodies are important sub-classes. Descartes’ conception of function, which is crucial to his characterization of these uniquely organized collections of matter, is shown to be compatible with his rejection of final causes in natural science, and gives him resources to account for composite beings which are not themselves substances. It is argued that besides automata, these composites include individual human beings, which are unions of minds and bodies individuated by minds. The unique modes which characterize the union, in particular, its passions, set the foundation for a social ontology that includes genuine social entities such as families and nation states. Societies are forged by individuals in acts of willing to join in union with others that Descartes takes to be of the essence of love. The result is a picture of Descartes very different from the myths that have come to surround him.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Far surround"

1

Raczka, Tony. "Sky That Surrounds Near to Far." In Art, Literature, and Passions of the Skies, 235–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4261-1_18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Harvey, P. M., B. Smith, and J. Di Francesco. "Far-Infrared Observations of Main Sequence Stars Surrounded by Dust Shells." In Circumstellar Matter 1994, 475–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0147-9_101.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Friebe, Markus, and Johannes Petzold. "Visualisation Functions in Advanced Camera-Based Surround View Systems." In Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2014, 267–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08087-1_24.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Rezazadegan Tavakoli, Hamed, Esa Rahtu, and Janne Heikkilä. "Spherical Center-Surround for Video Saliency Detection Using Sparse Sampling." In Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, 695–704. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02895-8_62.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ben Madhkour, Radhwan, Ludovic Burczykowski, Matei Mancaş, and Bernard Gosselin. "Image Surround: Automatic Projector Calibration for Indoor Adaptive Projection." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 156–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03892-6_18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

DeJong, T. M. "The structure of trees." In Concepts for understanding fruit trees, 22–26. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620865.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Trees are, by definition, the tallest land plants. To grow tall over multiple years they must solve several problems: structural strength; carbohydrate and nutrient storage capacity to survive and regrow after periods of stress; and conductive capacity for water, carbohydrates and nutrients must be increased/renewed over time to keep pace with increases in canopy size. Additionally, apical meristems must be capable of surviving through periods of stress (especially over winter or during drought). Structural strength, storage capacity and water, carbohydrate and nutrient conductive capacity are provided by cells derived from a sheath of meristematic cells (vascular cambium) that surround the body of trees (shoots, stems, branches, trunk, perennial roots). This chapter describes the structure of fruit trees.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bauch, Enrico, and Christof Lempp. "Rock Splitting in the Surrounds of Underground Openings: An Experimental Approach Using Triaxial Extension Tests." In Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe, 244–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39918-6_29.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kwanya, Tom. "Working with Robots as Colleagues: Kenyan Perspectives of Ethical Concerns on Possible Integration of Co-bots in Workplaces." In Social and Cultural Studies of Robots and AI, 65–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08215-3_4.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractRobots are moving closer to human beings especially in work environments. The entry of co-bots into workspaces raises many questions. One of the key questions surrounds the likely relationship between the co-bots and their co-workers. Are co-bots to be considered as colleagues or are they tools? What ethical issues emerge from this consideration in the context of Kenyan workspaces? This chapter discusses these questions in the Kenyan context. Data for the chapter was collected using qualitative interviews with 20 data scientists selected through information-oriented purposive sampling. The chapter concludes that there are six ethical issues which can influence the perceptions of co-bots by data scientists in Kenya. These include the concept of work as a divine gift to humanity which cannot be shared with machines; the notion that treating co-bots as legal persons equates them to human beings which is viewed as demeaning to humanity; the fear that co-bots will dominate and eventually replace humans in ordinary workspaces thereby denying the latter not just an opportunity to work but to livelihood too; fear of unintended social consequences of “anthropomorphisation”; lack of trust for machines created by limited humans to offer unlimited services and companionship; and discomfort with exotic robots entering professional but also indigenous spaces. Until these ethical issues are addressed comprehensively, it is unlikely that information scientists would unreservedly welcome co-bots into their workspaces as colleagues.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wu, Chunming. "“Central Nation-Peripheral Barbarians in Four Directions-Four Seas”: The Geopolitical Order of Land-Sea Interactions of Early Chinese Civilization." In The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation, 3–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4079-7_1.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractDespite being a coastal country located to the west of the Pacific, ancient China essentially had a continental cultural pattern, with its vision turned toward the mainland, and a geopolitical order of land-sea interactions of ancient civilization centered on the Central Plains (Zhongyuan, 中原) around the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and surrounded by “Peripheral Barbarians in Four Directions” (四方蛮夷) within “Four Seas” (四海). Nevertheless, these peripheral maritime “barbarian” Yi (夷) and Yue (越) and the oversea maritime Fan (番) had been active and developed along the southeast coast of China at the edge of these “Four Directions”. Here they had objectively played an important and indispensable role in the ancient history of Chinese civilization, from the native seafaring tradition of “being good at using boats” in the prehistoric and early historical period to the medieval and late historical “Maritime Silk Road” from Han (汉) to Tang (唐) dynasties.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Wu, Chunming. "“Central Nation-Peripheral Barbarians in Four Directions-Four Seas”: The Geopolitical Order of Land-Sea Interactions of Early Chinese Civilization." In The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation, 3–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4079-7_1.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractDespite being a coastal country located to the west of the Pacific, ancient China essentially had a continental cultural pattern, with its vision turned toward the mainland, and a geopolitical order of land-sea interactions of ancient civilization centered on the Central Plains (Zhongyuan, 中原) around the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and surrounded by “Peripheral Barbarians in Four Directions” (四方蛮夷) within “Four Seas” (四海). Nevertheless, these peripheral maritime “barbarian” Yi (夷) and Yue (越) and the oversea maritime Fan (番) had been active and developed along the southeast coast of China at the edge of these “Four Directions”. Here they had objectively played an important and indispensable role in the ancient history of Chinese civilization, from the native seafaring tradition of “being good at using boats” in the prehistoric and early historical period to the medieval and late historical “Maritime Silk Road” from Han (汉) to Tang (唐) dynasties.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Far surround"

1

Nicholson, Krista, John McDonald, Shona Draper, Brian M. Ikeda, and Igor Pioro. "Centralization of Canada’s Spent Nuclear Fuel." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16511.

Full text
Abstract:
Currently in Canada, spent fuel produced from Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is in the interim storage all across the country. It is Canada’s long-term strategy to have a national geologic repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel for CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors. The initial problem is to identify a means to centralize Canada’s spent nuclear fuel. The objective of this paper is to present a solution for the transportation issues that surround centralizing the waste. This paper reviews three major components of managing and the transporting of high-level nuclear waste: 1) site selection, 2) containment and 3) the proposed transportation method. The site has been selected based upon several factors including proximity to railways and highways. These factors play an important role in the site-selection process since the location must be accessible and ideally to be far from communities. For the containment of the spent fuel during transportation, a copper-shell container with a steel structural infrastructure was selected based on good thermal, structural, and corrosion resistance properties has been designed. Rail has been selected as the method of transporting the container due to both the potential to accommodate several containers at once and the extensive railway system in Canada.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Harne, Ryan L., and Danielle T. Lynd. "Acoustic Beamfolding With a Miura-Ori Tessellated Transducer Array." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59907.

Full text
Abstract:
Vibrating structures radiate acoustic waves into the fluid media which surround them at the structure-fluid interface. Fundamentally, the interfacing structural surface topology governs the amplitude and frequency sensitivities of acoustic energy propagation away from the surface, a characteristic known as directivity. Assembling many planar acoustic transducer elements into arrays is one way to greatly enhance the far-field energy propagation directional sensitivities. Due to the spatially distributed transducers, the travelling waves combine uniquely in phase at an observation point in the far field where large energy focusing or suppressing occurs as a function of the spatial coordinates. The conventional approach to tune planar array directivity for a different purpose or new spectral sensitivity is to actively adjust each array input signal with a controlled phase delay which requires accessory hardware and computational burden. From a different standpoint, structures created from foldable, tessellated architectures, such as origami patterns, can yield enormous topological variation from the simple, kinematic motions of connected planar facets. This observation has inspired recent efforts to develop innovative, adaptable engineering systems using origami tessellations as an architectural basis for design. Considering together the topological sensitivities of planar acoustic arrays and the multifunctionality engendered by folding origami-based structures having planar facets, this research seeks to surmount the limitations of conventional acoustic arrays and explore a new idea for adaptable acoustic systems by integrating principles from acoustics and origami-inspired design. Upon the new idea, this research studies a tessellated acoustic transducer array able to drastically adapt energy guiding capabilities through simple topological folding. An array based on the Miura-ori folding pattern is examined in a new structural-acoustic model to assess the capability of folding to tune the magnitude and spatial variations of acoustic energy propagated to the far field. The acoustic directivity of the array is found to exhibit massive sensitivities based on the excitation frequency and fold angle, giving rise to large amplitude and spatial adaptation of the energy guiding to the far field point. An experimental tessellated acoustic array is fabricated and evaluated to verify the trends predicted by the model. From the measurements, it is conclusively seen that the topological change of the origami-inspired acoustic array empowers straightforward and reversible means for orders of magnitude in change in acoustic energy transmission and steering. Upon this basis, future compact, deployable, and kinematically-adaptable wave energy transmission systems may be developed for applications including field imaging, communications, and long range force projection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Huang, Yu-Wei, Wei-Song Lin, and Ru-Je Lin. "Target-surround feature attention model of visual tracking." In 2011 Ieee Symposium On Computational Intelligence For Multimedia, Signal And Vision Processing - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cimsivp.2011.5949234.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Vanegas, Maria Carolina, Isabelle Bloch, and Jordi Inglada. "A fuzzy definition of the spatial relation “surround” - Application to complex shapes." In 7th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/eusflat.2011.151.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Nijhawan, Sunil. "Severe Accident Related Vulnerabilities, Potential Design Enhancements and Opportunities for International Cooperation in Risk Reduction in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors." In ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, and the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nuclrf2015-49574.

Full text
Abstract:
Operating CANDU PHWRs present significant challenges with respect to their ability to mitigate accidents that are beyond the envelope of design basis drafted over 40 years ago. Today, consideration of severe accidents is a public as well as a regulatory requirement whose implementation begs serious reconsideration in an international coordinated effort. The PHWR enhanced vulnerabilities to accidents such as a sustained loss of AC power, as in Fukushima, arise not only out of the inherent design features but also out of the institutional arrangements that surround their licensing. For one, the reactors will, in absence of a containing pressure vessel as in PWRs, put fission product activity directly into the containment, sport multiple potential containment bypass vulnerabilities and produce copious amounts of flammable gases due to presence of large amounts of Zircaloy in fuel channels and carbon steel in feeders. The relatively thin walled, stepped, welded Calandria vessel into which the disassembled core debris will rest has potential to mechanically fail early, causing explosive and energetic interactions of hot debris with enveloping water. This can catastrophically fail the reactor structures. For severe accidents the containments, well designed for design basis accidents, are either small and weak as in single unit plants or unable to practically take any significant over pressure in negative pressure multi-unit reactor buildings that depend upon a single vacuum building, too small for a multi-unit severe accident. The paper presents analytical arguments in support of these observations, lists conclusions from a series of design reviews and discusses development of ROSHNI, a new generation PHWR dedicated computer code package for simulating an unmitigated station blackout scenario. It does not directly address the institutional issues that handicap a potent reduction of the residual risk posed by continued operation of these reactors without serious design upgrades but discusses the regulatory failures in this regard. It introduces ROSHNI, a newly developed severe accident simulation package that models the reactor core in a greatly enhanced detail necessitated by the variability amongst reactor fuel channels. For a single unit CANDU 6 reactor, the code simulates thermal-mechanical degradation of 4,560 fuel bundles in 380 diverse fuel channels individually (for a total of over 70,000 dissimilar fuel entities) and computes source terms into containment of flammable deuterium gas and fission products. A number of questions are raised about differences between Hydrogen source terms and mitigation measures that are being implemented for light water reactors and Deuterium specific reaction kinetics in generation and mitigation that must be clearly differentiated but ignored so far by PHWR operators. A discussion of effectiveness of certain severe accident specific design upgrade measures that have been implemented at some operating plants is also addressed. For example, potential for a smaller than optimum number (for severe accidents) of PARS units to actually cause Deuterium/Hydrogen explosions as an unintended consequence is discussed. Continued reluctance of CANDU utilities to address a long standing issue of inadequacy of reactor overpressure protection is also detailed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sato, Daiwa, T. Iwase, J. Xue, K. Tsuchihashi, H. Obara, and N. Fushimi. "Study on Appropriate Diameter of Centrifugal Fan Surrounded by Heat Exchanger in Air Conditioner." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69115.

Full text
Abstract:
To meet the demand for energy-saving air conditioners, the pressure drop must be reduced and the air velocity distribution of the heat exchanger made uniform to improve the performance of both the fan and the heat exchange cycle. To investigate the effect of the fan on the pressure drop and the velocity distribution, we changed the fan diameter and fixed the shape of the heat exchanger. First, we investigated the fan by comparing the total pressure efficiency when the fan was mounted in an indoor unit and unmounted as a standalone fan. We found that the mounted fan performed worse than the standalone fan. The difference between these conditions was whether the heat exchanger was around the fan. Next, to determine the appropriate diameter, the performance of the mounted fan was evaluated by measuring its efficiency and the fan power. The diameter with the highest efficiency differed from the diameter with the lowest fan power. Because of this, the fan performance was strongly affected by the heat exchanger and the vortex. When the standard deviation of the air flow distribution in the heat exchanger was evaluated, the diameter with the lowest standard deviation was the same as the diameter with the lowest fan power. Since the standard deviation needs to be reduced to improve the performance of both the fan and the heat exchange cycle, the mounting conditions need to be considered to determine the fan shape. Thus, the flow field around the fan was visualized, and the velocity distributions for the investigated diameters were compared. We found the distance between the fan and the heat exchanger was an important factor determining the performance. A fan with the most appropriate diameter was prototyped to evaluate the fan performance. Results revealed it used 3% less power than a standard-diameter fan.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Han, Le, Wang Yanrong, Xiaobo Zhang, Xiao J. Zhang, and Da S. Wei. "Effect of Casing Shape Surrounded Rotor on Aerodynamic Performance of a Transonic Fan." In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4637.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Raj, Santhana, and Dipanjan Ghosh. "Bayesian Grouping of Multi Sensor Radar Fusion for effective Pedestrian Classification in Automotive Surround View." In 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmim48759.2020.9299033.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Buquet, Julie, Simon-Gabriel Beauvais, Jocelyn Parent, Patrice Roulet, and Simon Thibault. "Next-generation of sUAS 360 surround vision cameras designed for automated navigation in low-light conditions." In Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence VII, edited by Andrea Camposeo, Maria Farsari, Luana Persano, Lynda E. Busse, John G. Rarity, Paul M. Alsing, Michael L. Fanto, et al. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2639024.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Liu, B. K., J. M. Zhao, and L. H. Liu. "Anomalous Heat Diffusion in a Chain of Large Particles Through Radiative Heat Transfer." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-4237.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Radiative heat transfer in particulate system has many applications in industry. Recently, the anomalous heat diffusion was reported for particulate system in near field thermal radiation heat transfer, and the existence of heat super-diffusive regimes was observed and the spread of heat can be described by Levy flight. In this work, attention is paid to investigate whether there is anomalous heat diffusion in far-field radiative heat transfer or not. Specifically, this study is focused on the radiative heat transport of a system, consisting of optically large particles, in the geometric optic range. Those particles are arranged in a linear chain surrounded by reflective walls and all particles are identical and equally spaced. The effect of the boundary type and particle surface emissivity on the heat diffusion is also investigated. The heat diffusion behavior in the far-field is studied based on Monte Carlo ray tracing method and the fractional diffusion equation in one dimension. The result indicates the existence of anomalous heat diffusion in the far-field by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of radiation distribution function (RDF). It’s shown that the distribution of RDF decays in power law and can be divided into two parts: for near the source particle, heat diffusive regime is super-diffusive (according to the analysis of fractional diffusion equation), while for far from the source particle, heat diffusive regime becomes sub-diffusive. Moreover, the kind of boundary type and particle wall emissivity have a significant influence on the heat diffusion of the far-field radiation heat transfer. This work will help the understanding of radiation heat transfer in particulate system in the far-field.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Far surround"

1

de Bont, F., S. Doehla, M. Schmidt, and R. Sperschneider. RTP Payload Format for Elementary Streams with MPEG Surround Multi-Channel Audio. RFC Editor, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5691.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lewis, Dustin, Gabriella Blum, and Naz Modirzadeh. Indefinite War: Unsettled International Law on the End of Armed Conflict. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/yrjv6070.

Full text
Abstract:
Can we say, definitively, when an armed conflict no longer exists under international law? The short, unsatisfying answer is sometimes: it is clear when some conflicts terminate as a matter of international law, but a decisive determination eludes many others. The lack of fully-settled guidance often matters significantly. That is because international law tolerates, for the most part, far less violent harm, devastation, and suppression in situations other than armed conflicts. Thus, certain measures governed by the laws and customs of war—including killing and capturing the enemy, destroying and seizing enemy property, and occupying foreign territory, all on a possibly large scale—would usually constitute grave violations of peacetime law. This Legal Briefing details the legal considerations and analyzes the implications of that lack of settled guidance. It delves into the myriad (and often-inconsistent) provisions in treaty law, customary law, and relevant jurisprudence that purport to govern the end of war. Alongside the doctrinal analysis, this Briefing considers the changing concept of war and of what constitutes its end; evaluates diverse interests at stake in the continuation or close of conflict; and contextualizes the essentially political work of those who design the law. In all, this Legal Briefing reveals that international law, as it now stands, provides insufficient guidance to precisely discern the end of many armed conflicts as a factual matter (when has the war ended?), as a normative matter (when should the war end?), and as a legal matter (when does the international-legal framework of armed conflict cease to apply in relation to the war?). The current plurality of legal concepts of armed conflict, the sparsity of IHL provisions that instruct the end of application, and the inconsistency among such provisions thwart uniform regulation and frustrate the formulation of a comprehensive notion of when wars can, should, and do end. Fleshing out the criteria for the end of war is a considerable challenge. Clearly, many of the problems identified in this Briefing are first and foremost strategic and political. Yet, as part of a broader effort to strengthen international law’s claim to guide behavior in relation to war and protect affected populations, international lawyers must address the current confusion and inconsistencies that so often surround the end of armed conflict.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Caudell, Thomas P. Spatially Distributed and Stabilized 3-D Surround Sound Using Multi-Resolution Signal Processing Algorithms for Virtual Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada380219.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Garcia, Martin, and Pedro Tinedo. ADJUVANT EFFECT OF PROPOLIS TO PERIODONTAL THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0030.

Full text
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: In patients with periodontal disease, what will be the scientific evidence on the adjuvant effect of Propolis to periodontal therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease? Condition being studied: Periodontal Disease or Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues that surround the tooth, which are currently being studied with natural products that would work as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy and obtain better results. Information sources: Three digital data sources were used, PUBMED, SCOPUS and EMBASE.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Walshire, Lucas, and Joseph Dunbar. Geotechnical inspection and technical review of Santa Margarita River Marine Corps Air Station Levee, U.S. Marine Corps, Camp Pendleton, CA, 19-20 November 2019. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41526.

Full text
Abstract:
This report describes activities performed, results obtained, and conclusions made from an independent technical review of past levee inspections and the proposed remediation plan for the Santa Margarita Levee that surrounds the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Camp Pendleton. In support of the technical review, ERDC personnel performed a supplemental levee inspection on 19 and 20 November 2019 with MCAS personnel. Previous levee inspections had rated the levee system as Unacceptable due to unwanted vegetation encroaching on the levee right-of-way, which prevents full inspection during flooding. Concerns were raised by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife (USFW) about environmental impacts of the proposed remediation measures and the necessity of such actions. USFW personnel requested an engineering review from an independent party, and ERDC was tasked with performing the independent technical review. The following special report describes the tasks performed and results obtained from the independent technical review.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Riveros, Guillermo, Felipe Acosta, Reena Patel, and Wayne Hodo. Computational mechanics of the paddlefish rostrum. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41860.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose – The rostrum of a paddlefish provides hydrodynamic stability during feeding process in addition to detect the food using receptors that are randomly distributed in the rostrum. The exterior tissue of the rostrum covers the cartilage that surrounds the bones forming interlocking star shaped bones. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this work is to assess the mechanical behavior of four finite element models varying the type of formulation as follows: linear-reduced integration, linear-full integration, quadratic-reduced integration and quadratic-full integration. Also presented is the load transfer mechanisms of the bone structure of the rostrum. Findings – Conclusions are based on comparison among the four models. There is no significant difference between integration orders for similar type of elements. Quadratic-reduced integration formulation resulted in lower structural stiffness compared with linear formulation as seen by higher displacements and stresses than using linearly formulated elements. It is concluded that second-order elements with reduced integration and can model accurately stress concentrations and distributions without over stiffening their general response. Originality/value – The use of advanced computational mechanics techniques to analyze the complex geometry and components of the paddlefish rostrum provides a viable avenue to gain fundamental understanding of the proper finite element formulation needed to successfully obtain the system behavior and hot spot locations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Albright, Jeff, Kim Struthers, Lisa Baril, and Mark Brunson. Natural resource conditions at Valles Caldera National Preserve: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293731.

Full text
Abstract:
Valles Caldera National Preserve (VALL) encompasses 35,977 ha (88,900 ac) in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico and is surrounded by the Santa Fe National Forest, the Pueblo of Santa Clara, and Bandelier National Monument. VALL’s explosive volcanic origin, about 1.23 million years ago, formed the Valles Caldera—a broad, 19- to 24-km (12- to 15-mi) wide circular depression. It is one of the world’s best examples of a young caldera (in geologic time) and serves as the model for understanding caldera resurgence worldwide. A series of resurgent eruptions and magmatic intrusive events followed the original explosion, creating numerous volcanic domes in present day VALL—one of which is Redondo Peak at an elevation of 3,430 m (11,254 ft), which is the second highest peak in the Jemez Mountains. In fact, VALL in its entirety is a high-elevation preserve that hosts a rich assemblage of vegetation, wildlife, and volcanic resources. The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program selected VALL to pilot its new NRCA project series. VALL managers and the NRCA Program selected seven focal study resources for condition evaluation. To help us understand what is causing change in resource conditions, we selected a subset of drivers and stressors known or suspected of influencing the preserve’s resources. What is causing change in resource conditions? Mean temperatures during the spring and summer months are increasing, but warming is slower at VALL than for neighboring areas (e.g., Bandelier National Monument). The proportion of precipitation received as snow has declined. From 2000 to 2018, forest pests damaged or killed 75% of the preserve’s forested areas. Only small, forested areas in VALL were affected by forest pests after the 2011 Las Conchas and the 2013 Thompson Ridge fires. The all-sky light pollution model and the sound pressure level model predict the lowest degree of impacts from light and sound to be in the western half of the preserve.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bercovier, Herve, and Ronald P. Hedrick. Diagnostic, eco-epidemiology and control of KHV, a new viral pathogen of koi and common carp. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695593.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectives and revisions-The proposed research included these original objectives: field validation of diagnostic tests (PCR), the development and evaluation of new sensitive tools (LC-PCR/TaqManPCR, antibody detection by ELISA) including their use to study the ecology and the epidemiology of KHV (virus distribution in the environment and native cyprinids) and the carrier status of fish exposed experimentally or naturally to KHV (sites of virus replication and potential persistence or latency). In the course of the study we completed the genome sequence of KHV and developed a DNA array to study the expression of KHV genes in different conditions. Background to the topics-Mass mortality of koi or common carp has been observed in Israel, USA, Europe and Asia. These outbreaks have reduced exports of koi from Israel and have created fear about production, import, and movements of koi and have raised concerns about potential impacts on native cyprinid populations in the U.S.A. Major conclusions-A suite of new diagnostic tools was developed that included 3 PCR assays for detection of KHV DNA in cell culture and fish tissues and an ELISA assay capable of detecting anti-KHV antibodies in the serum of koi and common carp. The TKPCR assay developed during the grant has become an internationally accepted gold standard for detection of viral DNA. Additionally, the ELISA developed for detecting serum anti-KHV antibodies is now in wide use as a major nonlethal screening tool for evaluating virus status of koi and common carp populations. Real time PCR assays have been able to detect viral DNA in the internal organs of survivors of natural and wild type vaccine exposures at 1 and 10³ genome equivalents at 7 months after exposure. In addition, vaccinated fish were able to transmit the virus to naive fish. Potential control utilizing hybrids of goldfish and common carp for production demonstrated they were considerably more resistant than pure common carp or koi to both KHV (CyHV-3). There was no evidence that goldfish or other tested endemic cyprinids species were susceptible to KHV. The complete genomic sequencing of 3 strains from Japan, the USA, and Israel revealed a 295 kbp genome containing a 22 kbp terminal direct repeat encoding clear gene homologs to other fish herpesviruses in the family Herpesviridae. The genome encodes156 unique protein-coding genes, eight of which are duplicated in the terminal repeat. Four to seven genes are fragmented and the loss of these genes may be associated with the high virulence of the virus. Viral gene expression was studies by a newly developed chip which has allowed verification of transcription of most all hypothetical genes (ORFs) as well as their kinetics. Implications, both scientific and agricultural- The results from this study have immediate application for the control and management of KHV. The proposal provides elements key to disease management with improved diagnostic tools. Studies on the ecology of the virus also provide insights into management of the virus at the farms that farmers will be able to apply immediately to reduce risks of infections. Lastly, critical issues that surround present procedures used to create “resistant fish” must be be resolved (e.g. carriers, risks, etc.). Currently stamping out may be effective in eradicating the disease. The emerging disease caused by KHV continues to spread. With the economic importance of koi and carp and the vast international movements of koi for the hobby, this disease has the potential for even further spread. The results from our studies form a critical component of a comprehensive program to curtail this emerging pathogen at the local, regional and international levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Far surround' for particular source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography