Journal articles on the topic 'Far Eastern economic review'
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1
Minakir, Pavel, and Oleg Renzin. "Economic Science and Regional Economic Development: The Russian Far East." Spatial Economics 17, no. 3 (2021): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2021.3.007-037.
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In this paper we review the interconnection between the economic colonization and development of the Russian Far East from one hand and the formation of the system economic researches in the region from the others. The authors make accent on the construction of regional economic researches’ organizing structure and coordination. The organization and development of the Economic Research Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is reviewing as an important stage of the scientific architecture for the Far Eastern region’ construction. The article is describing, that scientists and specialists of the Economic Research Institute carried out a long-term theoretical and empirical researches in analysis, modeling and forecasting of spatial processes in economic systems. The creation a new academic economic institute in the Russian Far East in the 1970-s made it possible to solve a number of major issues on the national level. First, to provide highly qualified research support for the development and implementation of large regional economic programs. Second, to develop new areas of national science, including the creation of a scientific school for the study of spatial economics. Third, to create an intellectual platform for international cooperation between researchers from the Pacific Russia and the expert community in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Currently, the most important area of the institute’s activities is the restoration of the regional scientific and economic infrastructure, through building the system of ‘new integration’ by combining educational and surviving academic and project organizations in the Far East on the principle of a distributed spatial network
2
ZHURAVLEV, Denis M. "Review of the monograph by Nikita I. Sasaev "The Russian Gas Industry Strategizing: The Far Eastern Vector"." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 22, no. 4 (April 27, 2023): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.22.4.791.
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In an unsteady economic environment, the Far Eastern Federal District, as one of the most promising macro-regions of Russia, has the necessary resource and technological capacities to make a breakthrough in socio-economic development. In the Russian Far East, the gas industry can be a potential driver of economic development, as on its functioning and growth the whole range of interests and large-scale strategic opportunities are concentrated. Implementation of strategic opportunities by individual projects in most cases will bring only targeted short-term success. Therefore, it is crucial to apply an integrated approach, which involves elaboration and further implementation of a full-fledged industry strategy incorporated into the overall strategy system. The monograph The Russian Gas Industry Strategizing: The Far Eastern Vector continues the book series of the Strategy of the Russian Far East Library and is aimed at developing a strategy concept for the Far Eastern gas industry that takes into account the full range of interests, strategic trends and opportunities. The author of the monograph formulates effective theoretical and methodological provisions for elaboration and implementation of such strategies, underpins strategic priorities and practical solutions for long-term development of the gas industry of the Far East. The book will be useful for scientists, teachers, and students studying the theory of strategy and the practice of strategizing.
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Laffey, John F. "French Far Eastern Policy in the 1930s." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (February 1989): 117–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011434.
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The completion in 1986 of the Documents diplomatiques français, 1932–1939 permits a review of French Far Eastern policy during that troubled time characterized by J.-B. Duroselle as ‘la décadence.’ This massive documentary collection, however, still dose not provide a full picture of the forces which shaped French East Asian policy in the years before the outbreak of the Pacific War. Understandably focused upon European developments, it begins and ends, from the Far Eastern perspective, in medias res; that is, after the outbreak of the Manchurian crisis and before the Japanese occupation of Indochina. Moreover, like other compilations of what statesmen and diplomats said to each other, this one slights economic factors and, though to a lesser extent, the role of public opinion. Even taken in their own terms, the documents perhaps reveal more about what others said and did to the French than about what they themselves accomplished. That points to a more fundamental problem, for one can question whether anything so gelatinous as the French responses or lack thereof to developments largely beyond their control can even be described as ‘policy.’ Still, although much more work in archives and private papers will be necessary before the entire story can be pieced together, these documents do shed light on what passed for French policy in East Asia during the years before the outbreak of World War II.
4
Tan, Lek Hor. "Better out than in?" Index on Censorship 17, no. 3 (March 1988): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064228808534379.
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The Far Eastern Economic Review has been virtually banned from Singapore — like Time, Asiaweek, and the Asia Wall St Journal. Its editor Derek Davies accuses Singapore of breaking its pledge; Lee Kuan Yew is suing. Meanwhile The Economist and US News & World Report are leaving. What's happening?
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Mazitova, Marina. "Foreign Trade of the Far Eastern Federal District: Regional Characteristics During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Regionalistica 9, no. 3 (2022): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/reg.2022.3.22.
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The article reviews estimates of foreign trade indicators of the Far Eastern Federal District during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021. The factors of the dynamics of foreign trade indicators of the macroregion are determined, the commodity, territorial and geographical structures of exports and imports are examines. COVID-19 pandemic restrictions caused a large-scale decrease in economic activity and in volume of foreign trade of the Far Eastern Federal District at the beginning of the pandemic. The situation stabilized in late 2020 – early 2021. Dramatic reduction in the volume of exports of the Far Eastern Federal District in 2020 was due to a decrease in the prices of oil, natural gas, and metals. A decrease in supplies, in the level of economic activity in the country and effective demand under COVID-19 pandemic restrictions caused a decrease in the volume of imports of the Far Eastern Federal District in 2020. The volume of export of the Far Eastern Federal District recovered in 2021 due to a significant increase in prices for most goods exported by the macroregion. The volume of imports increased due to high prices and increased demand for imported products. The commodity, territorial and geographical structures of foreign trade of the Far Eastern Federal District have not changed in 2020–2021. The export of the macroregion mainly consisted of the products of fuel and energy, mineral resources, fisheries and forestry complexes. Machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles, metals, chemical and food products were the basis of the macroregion’s imports. The leaders in foreign trade turnover were the Sakhalin Region, Primorsky Krai, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Khabarovsk Krai. China, the Republic of Korea and Japan have been the main partners for many years, which determined the volume of exports and imports and the structure of foreign trade of the Far Eastern Federal District. A significant redistribution of export supplies from the Far Eastern Federal District between the countries occurred in 2020–2021 due to the China’s restrictive measures on imported products, as well as geopolitical problems of China
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Kuzmenko, E. A. "«Life Strategies of the Youth of the Russian Arctic and the Far East: Factors of Formation and Prospects for Implementation»: Review of the Round Table of the State Duma Committee for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic and the Journal «Russia: Society, Politics, History»." Russia: Society, Politics, History, no. 2(7) (September 21, 2023): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.56654/ropi-2023-2(7)-168-183.
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The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Far East have great economic potential and the important geopolitical importance. However, the outflow of young people from these regions and the aging of the population are a serious threat to the national interests of the country as a whole. The cost of living, low economic prospects, and climatic realities are becoming the causes of increasing migration. Due to the relevance of the topic of attracting young people to the Northern and Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation, the State Duma Committee for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic in partnership with the journal «Russia: Society, Politics, History» organized a round table dedicated to the formation and prospects for the implementation of life strategies of the youth of the Arctic and the Far East. This article will review in scientific way the reports and recommendations from the experts of the round table, as well as draw conclusions about the vectors of solving the problems of youth in the Arctic and the Far East.
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Dzyuba, A. P., and D. V. Konopelko. "On the Increase of Electricity Prices in the Territory of Non-Price Zones of the Far Eastern Federal District and Their Impact on Industry." Вестник ТОГУ, no. 2(73) (June 24, 2024): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/1996-3440-2024-2-147-168.
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The economy of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia is characterized by a significant share of industrial production in the overall GRP structure. For this reason, an important factor affecting the industrial and investment development of the macroregion is the price of electricity supplied to industrial consumers. This article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of a significant increase in electricity prices in 2023 in Khabarovsky Krai, Amurskaya Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, included in the territory of non-price zones of the wholesale electricity market, as well as factors influencing the identified price increases that affect the magnitude and dynamics of changes in regional GRPs, which emphasizes the theoretical and the applied relevance of the presented research. The authors review the role of the Far Eastern Federal District economy in the formation of the country's GRP, the role of the industrial sector in the development of the economy of the macroregion, the share of electricity consumption by industry in the GRP structure, which emphasizes the high importance of the energy factor in the economic development of the studied territories. The materials present the results of calculating the dynamics of changes in electricity demand in the federal districts of Russia for the period of 2008-2022. The authors conclude that such a significant increase in electricity prices for the supplied industry will lead to an even greater lag in the industrial potential of the macroregion not only from the whole world, but also from the rest of Russia, which will negatively affect the entire sphere of socio–economic life of the macroregion, which determines the need to review government measures in the field of tariff containment in the territories of the Far Eastern Federal District.
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Соломко, М. Н. "The budget mechanism of regional innovative policy." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 5(130) (June 25, 2021): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.130.5.076.
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Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью совершенствования региональной инновационной политики и в том числе её бюджетного механизма. Раскрыта сущность бюджетного механизма, дана авторская классификация инструментов бюджетного механизма, применяемых в целях регулирования инновационного развития. Проанализировано содержания государственных программ субъектов Дальневосточного федерального округа, направленных на обеспечение экономического роста и инновационной переориентации экономики, выявлены их недостатки, а также лучшие практики дальневосточных регионов по содействию инновационному развития с применением бюджетного механизма. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improvement of budget mechanism of regional innovative policy. The essence of the budget mechanism is revealed, the author's classification of the budget mechanism tools of innovative policy is given. Under the review of the state programs of the constitutional entities of the Far Eastern Federal District aimed at innovative economic development we identify some disadvantages. Also we reveal the best practices of the Far Eastern regions to promote innovative development usingthe budget mechanism.
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Tomskikh, A. "Demographics and personnel – key problems of the Far East and Transbaikalia /." Transbaikal State University Journal 26, no. 7 (2020): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2020-26-7-140-147.
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The article analyzes demographic problems and closely related issues of personnel shortage, which are critically important for the accelerated socio-economic development of the Far East and Transbaikal region in particular. Today, as in the past decades, there is no clear understanding of the solution of these issues in the country, moreover, there is no reliable assessment base that allows to understand the depth of the problems, their localization at the regional and municipal levels and the factors involved in the development of effective management decisions at all levels of government. Therefore, in order to develop a state policy for accelerated socio-economic development of the regions of the Far East, it is necessary to determine priorities that will be appropriately evaluated by the population through its natural movement and migration behaviour. After all, the stabilization of the population of the Far East, and its growth in the future (taking into account the tasks of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation), is a task that should be solved primarily as a geopolitical one. Current mechanisms in the form of state programs: “Far Eastern hectare”, “Personnel support for the economy of the Far East”, “Development of the education system”, “Promotion of the Far East for work and life”, “Far Eastern mortgage” – do not work as effectively as intended. It is necessary to review the approaches to reformatting the region’s economy as a “new industrialization”, with the experience of the Stolypin reforms of the tsarist government and the Soviet era in the 70s of the twentieth century, but on other innovative principles. China demonstrates this quite well, including the Northern provinces. Their experience of reforms, for example in education, indicates a need to change the control system, expressed in the subordination of the majority of vocational schools at the provincial level, which enabled more productive to go to the formula “school- market and the government” and solve those huge human resource challenges faced by a growing economy
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Kalmina, Lilia, and Leonid Kuras. "The Boxer Rebellion in Siberian Pre-Revolutionary Press (The Eastern Review as an Example)." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 10, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 528–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2021.10(3).528-542.
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The article is devoted to the content analyses of materials covering Boxer rebellion in China, they were published in Irkutsk newspaper The Eastern Review, 1900–1901. Authors’ choice was motivated with three reasons. First, the newspaper covered Eastern Russian regions’ issues, as well as Russia’s policy in the Far East, where these regions were being involved. Secondly, Boxer rebellion was one of most important events at the turn of the XX century; it defined Russia’s strategy on its Eastern borders in terms of competition with Western European countries and Japan for economic and political influence in the Celestial Empire. Thirdly, Boxer rebellion in the Siberian regional press’s point of view was not studied properly, so it needs further research to understand a provincial newspaper activities process, never having experience in military operations coverage, these activities quite surprisingly required a new way of operation. We analyzed hundreds of texts on military actions in China, Chinese Imperial Court position, contradictions between allied powers, which took part in the suppression of the rebellion in view of of post-war establishment in the East. The main focus of the research was the transformation of the newspaper’s conception to meet the needs for military information; genres of published materials about the Boxer rebellion; information obtaining technology; the degree of its authenticity and objectivity. We also examined how editorial staff created Russia’s positive image as a disinterested peace-maker, though Russian geopolitical interests had been having lasting position on the Chinese territory. Mass-media development, usage of various methods to obtain information, inclusion of opinions of conflicting sides; responsibility before readers for coverage of events allowed the newspaper not only to display objective description of current events in China but also to forecast post-war development of the Far East.
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Lifen, Yang, and Yuriy Yu Fedorov. "Domestic market of Arctic Uluses of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Far Eastern Federal District macro area." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 01 (April 13, 2021): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i01.11296.
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This study reviews and compares the market potential of two macro-areas in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the AZRF (Arctic zone of the Russian Federation) and the FEFD (Far Eastern Federal District. Moreover, this work shows that a significant part of supply and demand in municipalities' domestic markets is concentrated in the FEFD. Until recently, the AZRF and the FEFD were not considered by the State as a single government body. Transferred powers to the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East and the Arctic has allowed the territory of the Arctic uluses of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to be included in the social and economic development of the FEFD.
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Faleychik, L. M., and I. A. Zabelina. "The Role of Innovation in the Economic Development of the Eastern Regions of the Russian Federation: Economic and Statistical Analysis." Voprosy statistiki 30, no. 2 (April 16, 2023): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2023-30-2-23-42.
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The article evaluates an innovative component of economic growth in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation using statistical analysis methods. The relevance of the matter under consideration is increasing dramatically due to the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia, which significantly restrict the import of high-tech and innovative products into our country. Based on Rosstat data for 2016–2019, a comparative analysis of the development of several areas of innovation and economic activity in the regions of the Russian Federation as part of the Far East Federal District (Far East – FE) and the Baikal Region (BR) was carried out. According to the authors, currently, in the regions under consideration, there is an imbalance in the individual components of the innovation sphere, significant heterogeneity, and uneven development of innovation and technological processes in general. The effectiveness of innovation activity in the regions under review in comparison with the indicators for Russia as a whole is low. The revealed multidirectional dynamics of innovation activity indicators in the regions and the lag of most of them from the average Russian level are connected, in the authors’ opinion, with the problems of organizational and financial support of innovation activity and insufficient budget funding allocated to stimulate it. Innovations in the FE and the BR regions were carried out mainly at the expense of the organizations' own funds. In the structure of their costs, most of the funds were allocated for the purchase of machinery and equipment, in 2019 the share of research and development costs significantly increased. The export of innovative products was carried out in less than half of the considered group of regions. The intensity of exports of innovative products in the economy as a whole, as well as in the field of industrial production, exceeds the national level and accounts for about half or more of the total export volume. In terms of the effectiveness of innovation activity among the analyzed regions, the Khabarovsk Territory is the undisputed leader, and among the outsiders are the Magadan Region and the Kamchatka Territory in 2016, the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2019. In most regions, there is an increase in the raw materials orientation of economic systems, and a decrease in the share of the manufacturing sector in the gross regional product (GRP). The results of the analysis of the role of innovation activity in the economic development of the eastern regions of the country and interregional comparative statistics, according to the authors, can be used in the development of updated and upgraded programs for the socio-economic development of the subjects of the FE and the BR of the Russian Federation, concerning present-day foreign policy and foreign economic realities.
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VASHCHUK, A. S. "FAR EASTERN POLICY OF THE POST-SOVIET RUSSIA IN THE END OF THE XX CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY: CONCEPTS, EXPERT OPINIONS AND PUBLICISTS’ VIEWPOINTS." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/1 (July 16, 2018): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/1-30-45.
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Investigation of Russia’s turnabout to the East is a bright feature of the national humanitarian space of the early 21st century. Publications on this topic include the works of economists, geographers, sociologists and historians. It contains various viewpoints on the part that the Far Eastern region played in the social and economic development of Russia, as well as different genres (varying from publicism to scientific research), and expert assessments and recommendations to the government. The article deals with historiographic review of the emerging scientific trend and complements it with the methodology of social and political history. Humanitarians are considered to be part of the transformed “society-government” system. The analytics covers a variety of opinions on the two transformation stages of the post-Soviet history: the Far East during the 1990s and the first fifteen years of the 21st century. That allows tracing the interrelation between the regional policy and the intellectuals’ reflection on it. The author comes to the following conclusion: in 1990s speaking about the Far Eastern policy the experts’ society is rather unanimous in characterizing the consequences of the reforms as disastrous; but regarding the “turnabout to the East” the opinions become more varied; optimistic and pessimistic experts present extreme poles. The role of the Far East the Russian history of the early 21st century is rather controversial: on the one hand the region is a kind of problem for the Centre, and on the other hand, active development of the east is an essential part of the new stage in the development of Russia.
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Gold, Thomas B. "New Shanghai: The Rocky Rebirth of China's Legendary City. By Pamela Yatsko. [New York: John Wiley, 2001. viii+298pp. Hard cover ISBN 0-471-84352-0; paperback ISBN 0-471-47915-2.]." China Quarterly 170 (June 2002): 477–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902230284.
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As an admitted Shanghai chauvinist, I look forward to reading books dealing with the city where I studied more than two decades ago, particularly ones such as this which promise a rather comprehensive overview of the Shanghai scene at the turn of the millennium. Pamela Yatsko served as Far Eastern Economic Review bureau chief there in the mid-to-late 1990s, and obviously knows the city and its people well. She shared, as I did, their frustration throughout the 1980s as they watched cities such as Hong Kong become world economic powers (spearheaded by Shanghainese refugees), and backwaters such as Shenzhen, which barely existed until the 1980s, attract global attention for their explosive growth. And she cannot avoid being struck by the rapidity with which Shanghai rebuilt itself once Beijing gave the green light after Deng Xiaoping's 1992 visit.
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Dyomina, O. V., and N. G. Dzhurka. "Gas Industry in the Economic Space of the Russian Far East: Expectations and Reality." Energy Systems Research 6, no. 1(21) (March 30, 2023): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25729/esr.2023.01.0006.
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The study outlines the evolution undergone by the gas industry in the Russian Far East and reviews the main features of its resource base, transport infrastructure, and processing facilities. We analyze the goals of the Eastern Gas Program and its results achieved. We reveal that for two decades, the development of the industry was carried out in an extensive way and was subordinated to the pursuit of national interests. We consider three configurations of the gas industry in the region. The configurations are related in such a way that to arrive at the next configuration the preceding one is complemented by production facilities representing the next link of the process chain. The gas industry in its first configuration includes natural gas production and transport companies; in the second configuration - gas processing facilities; in the third configuration - gas chemical facilities. Based on the analysis of structural shifts, we show that the gas industry in the first configuration underwent development in the region at an advanced pace but remained an enclave in the structure of the economy. Estimates of the effects of sectoral superstructures in the format of the second and third configurations are projections, since the projects to build the Amur Gas Processing Plant and the Amur Gas Chemical Complex are still underway. We used an input-output model to obtain estimates of regional GRP growth rate in the case of development of these industries. It was found that the emergence of gas processing in the region's economy will increase the GRP by 11.2% compared to 2015, and the emergence of gas processing and gas chemical industries will provide a total increase in the GRP by 13.9%. According to the results of calculations based on the dynamic model of economic interactions FrEEDM, given that all process lines of the Amur Gas Processing Plant are put into operation, the above increase in the GRP can be achieved by 2030.
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Kiselev, A. L. "On the Issue of the Activities of Foreign Banks in the Far East of Russia in 1922– 1925." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 3 (2022): 656–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.308.
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Using documentary sources, some published here for for the first time, this article aims to analyze and summarize the activities of branches of foreign banking institutions in Vladivostok after the end of the Civil War and the military intervention of allied troops and the establishment of Soviet power in the Russian Far East from 1922 to 1925. The role of branches of foreign banks in the economy and money market of the region during the period of foreign intervention is revealed. A brief description of the branches of foreign banking institutions (Japanese Chosen Bank, Yokohama Haste Bank, and English Hong Kong Shanghai Bank), which continued their activities after the evacuation of foreign military units from the region, is given. The necessity of the presence of these institutions in the territory of the Russian Far East in the first years of Soviet power is determined in view of the close connection of the region with foreign markets and the importance of Manchu transit, which takes place to a large extent with the participation of these banks. The article shows the inability of the “young” Far Eastern Region, the industry and economy of which were in decline and were just beginning to recover, to resist the activities of foreign financial institutions. It was impossible for Soviet banking institutions relying on hard foreign currency to begin operations in the region quickly to replace foreign banks. The main economic indicators of the financial activities of these banking institutions in the period under review and their relationship with the Soviet financial and economic bodies of the region are given.
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Ubeeva, Olga. "Demographic situation in Northern Buryatia during the 1990’s (on the materials of the districts of Baikal–Amur Mainline)." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 6 (June 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.6.33185.
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Demographic situation in Eastern Siberian and Far Eastern regions of Russia has always depended on economic policy of the Soviet government. During the period of post-Soviet transformation, demographic processes were characterized by negative dynamics. This work explored the peculiarities of demographic development of the northern districts of Buryatia in the 1990’s on the materials of districts under the socioeconomic influence of Baikal–Amur Mainline. The national historical literature has multiple works dedicated to demography of post-Soviet and modern Buryatia, however the population of northern areas has not previously become the subject of a separate research. The article describes the key conditions and factors of demographic development of the territories of Russia’s Far North, as well as determines dependence of demographic processes on the socioeconomic problems in development of the region. The author reviews peculiarities of the dynamics of birth rate, mortality rate and natural population increase. Current situation of the districts of Baikal–Amur Mainline can be characterized as deprivation when certain social needs of the local population cannot be fulfilled. Prevalence of dilapidated housings, poorly developed engineering and public utilities, lack of social sphere facilities, severe climatic conditions of the Far North alongside depressive state of backbone enterprises substantiated the low standard of living of the society. The conclusion is made that demographic development of Buryatia is characterized with depopulation due to rise in mortality rate and significant reduction in birth rate.
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Hosier, R. "Energy and Environmental Management in Eastern African Cities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 9 (September 1992): 1231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a241231.
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Cities in eastern Africa have been growing at an unheralded pace, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Despite this rapid urbanization, very little research has been focused on energy and the environment in urban eastern Africa. This paper contains a review of what little work has been carried out to date. Several conclusions are pointed out. First, cities throughout the region remain small and have formed largely without industrial development. ‘Urbanization without industrialization’ means that the existing urban environmental problems are attributable to inadequate provision of service and not to the industrialization-linked problems found in more developed countries. Even if economic growth improves, action will be necessary to alleviate existing environmental problems. Second, the expected rapid pace of urban growth will impose tremendous costs at all levels. Increased user costs, either through reliance on private-sector alternatives or through public-sector tariffs, must be increasingly relied upon to defray the fiscal impacts of rapid urbanization and to assure the sustainability of urban infrastructural systems. Third, as the anticipated urban growth and industrialization take place, the focus of energy and environmental planners working on cities in eastern Africa will shift from basic service provision to increasingly complex problems. These shifts will require labor and financial resources far exceeding those currently found in these countries. Fourth, although energy and environmental needs may differ according to the size of the city, there has been little or no attention paid to problems outside of the primate cities. As a result, it is unclear how the problems and solutions will differ across the urban hierarchy. Clearly, urban planners need to consider the importance of energy and the environment. At the same time, energy and environmental researchers must pay greater attention to urban areas.
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Putintseva, N. A., and E. V. Ushakova. "New Solutions to the Problem of Stagnating Socio-Economic Development in Russia." Economics and Management 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-1-74-85.
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The presented study summarizes the results of the implementation of liberal market reforms in Russia and reviews tools of the market economy that could solve the problem of distrust within Russian society.Aim. The study aims to define the underlying problems that stem from the peculiarities of the historical development of the Russian Federation and now hinder the advancement of our country to a new level of development, and to propose directions for solving these problems.Tasks. The authors summarize the socio-economic consequences of the implementation of liberal market reforms; define the problems of the implementation of a rent-based economy in modern Russia; prove that Russia cannot advance to a new level of development without solving the problem of social distrust; review the tools that could change the current situation of global social distrust (publicprivate partnership, proactive budgeting, clusters, territorial marketing, Far Eastern Hectare program, smart cities, incident management).Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the results of the implementation of liberal market reforms, identify the problems of modern Russia, and determine the possible directions and tools of development.Results. Russia’s development is historically based on finding and living off the natural rent. This perspective significantly narrows the range of ideas about the potential development directions for the Russian Federation. The rent-based development options proposed today expose another common Russian trait — uncertainty, lack of risk appetite, pessimism, and fear of “things getting worse”. Implementation of democratic reforms in the context of rent-based economic institutions, lack of mutual trust within society, poor performance of courts — all this aggravates the current situation.Conclusions. Nowadays, Russia needs an economy that would create a demand for human capital and inclusive political institutions that would make people engaged in the life of the nation, allowing them to capitalize on their creativity without leaving their homeland.
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Lekvinadze, Irakli. "Political and Economic Decisions and Competition – What is the Efficient Antimonopoly Policy?" Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 1, no. 1 (March 20, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v1i1.48.
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This article discusses the influence of economic decisions which affect the antitrust and competition support policies. Many countries provide governmental initiatives for improving antirust legislation. There is an effort to develop efficient legislation, to define market boundaries, to identify dominating companies, and to prevent cartel development. A review of the literature has shown that refined legislation does not work. Qualified and non-politicized economic decisions are required to provide fair and equitable competition in the marketplace. The discussions of various researchers are profiled on the economic issues. This article analyzes The Republic of Georgia’s 20 year unique market experiences in Eastern Europe. Recommendations have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of an anti-monopoly policy.
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Buk, Jarosław, Paweł Sułkowicz, and Dariusz Szeliga. "The Review of Current and Proposed Methods of Manufacturing Fir Tree Slots of Turbine Aero Engine Discs." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 21, 2023): 5143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145143.
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This review article presents a summary of currently used and proposed methods of manufacturing fir tree slots of discs in turbine engines. The production of aircraft, including aircraft engines during times of overlapping global economic crises related to the COVID-19 pandemic or the war in Eastern Europe requires a quick response to the changing numbers of passengers and cargo. Similarly, the aviation industry must adapt to these conditions, and thus utilize flexible production methods allowing for a quick change in the design or type of a given part. Due to the constant adoption of new materials for the most critical aero engine parts and the necessity of complying with environmental regulations, it is necessary to search for new methods of manufacturing these parts, including fir tree slots. As an alternative to currently used expensive and energy-intensive broaching, many manufacturers try to implement creep feed grinding CFG or contour milling. However, other manufacturing methods, thus far rarely used for crucial machine parts such as WEDM, ECDM or AWJ, are gaining more and more popularity in the aviation industry. This article presents the advantages and shortcomings of these methods in the context of manufacturing fir tree slots.
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Barua, Rashmita, and Banik G G. "A Theoretical Review on the Status and Trend of Exports (Goods and Services) and Investments (Foreign and Domestic) in Assam and North-East India and their Untapped Impact on the Economic Growth of the Region: The Story so far." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2013): 356–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.41.
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A number of studies reveal that export expansion is widely regarded as a means to attain higher rate of economic growth. In a dynamic setting, trade usually enhances technological up-gradation, higher rates of productivity, attracts inward investment and facilitates economic growth. One of the most viable development strategies for a country‟s economic success is to find its own niche in the global marketplace, which means to be able to tap the demands of the world economy. Many developing countries have been trying to overcome a dismal economic situation by promoting international trade. In these efforts, exports have been viewed as an „engine‟ ofeconomic growth. With the emergence of the World Trade Organization, the institutional framework for freer multilateral movement of goods and services has been strengthened. Although the Indian Economy has been benefited from the time new economic reforms were initiated since 1991, North-Eastern Region still remains to be far from the purview of India‟s rapid development. With its geographical remoteness, inherent deficiency in infrastructure and the bad publicity for recurrent ethnic strife and militant activities, the region obviously could not become an attractive destination for private and foreign capital investment. But in this period of globalization, where closer cross-border economic ties are being speeding up in many parts of the world, border trade has come to be looked upon with a lot of expectation in this region to break free from the shackles of geographic remoteness. Given the natural and human resource potential of Assam, the need for higher growth has recently been felt by various sections of the people as well as the State and Central Governments.
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Krikh, Sergey B. "The Russian Version of the Sociology of Antiquity." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 3 (2020): 1006–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.319.
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The article reviews the book “The Banks of the Oecumene. Historical Sociology about the Paradoxes of the Economic Life of the Ancient East” by the Russian scientist S.A.Davydov. The book is comprised of three chapters: the first chapter deals with the genesis of a state; the second — with the early history of ancient Egypt and its “mobilizing economy”, and the third — with the ancient Mesopotamian society, particularly, with freedom and slavery in its economic activity. The author of the article points out that references to scholarly works in other sources and factual lapses significantly impair the quality of this work. A considerable part of the book is a review of selected fragments from several famous books (for example, “The Stone Age Economics” by M. Sahlins), which impacts the independence of the work. The problem lies not only in the lack of original material for the book, but in the fact that Davydov is not sufficiently aware of the history of the development of scholarship about the ancient world, and therefore often deems relevant such theories that have been recognized as outdated for a long time. Davydov’s key ideas are not as fresh and bold as he thinks. For example, when the author questions the despotic nature of ancient Eastern societies (Egypt and Mesopotamia), he challenges a stereotypical perception of despotism, which is far from the knowledge about ancient societies and not connected with contemporary scholarly theories. The author’s reflections about “freedom — slavery” in the ancient world only come close to the ideas put forward by M.Finley and I.Gelb more than fifty years ago. Nevertheless, the attempt of a historical and sociological analysis of ancient history deserves attention and may be useful for the development of historical scholarship.
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Lengyel, Péter, Attila Bai, Zoltán Gabnai, Othman Mohammad Ahmed Mustafa, Péter Balogh, Erzsébet Péter, Nikoletta Tóth-Kaszás, and Kornél Németh. "Development of the Concept of Circular Supply Chain Management—A Systematic Review." Processes 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101740.
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This systematic review presents the most important characteristics and trends of research in circular supply chain management (CSCM), taking into account the impact of COVID. In addition, the similarities and differences between the basic concepts often used as synonyms for sustainability are also presented. First, the sample database (39,000 records) was based on a search containing publications’ titles regarding supply chain management (SCM). After narrowing the topic from SCM towards CSCM, the considered paper characteristics were expanded, including abstract and author keywords, to get a manageable number of samples for the systematic analysis (6095 documents) and the most accurate results possible. The analysis’ base sample was divided into two periods (before and after 2012) due to a significant increase and change in the number of publications, their subject, characteristic journals and geographical location. Sustainability has emerged since 2012, while a circular approach emerged after 2017 with a significant share of research, mainly thanks to relevant EU policies. Although the role of the US has been decisive in the field, the European research bases of previous years have increasingly been replaced by Far Eastern dominance. Currently, CSCM’s most important journal is the International Journal of Supply Chain Management (Elsevier), but most articles on the impact of COVID have been published in Sustainability (MDPI). More effective policy implementation and the fight against COVID in the development of supply chains are also likely to spread the circular economic model in the future.
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Saurabh Govind Kale, Ms. Sonali Kalam, and Dr. Gajanan Sanap. "A Systematic Review on Lumpy Skin Disease." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 058–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.16.3.0499.
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) results in significant financial setbacks for the livestock sector. This condition is instigated by the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a member of the Poxviridae family, and the Neethling strain serves as its reference or prototype. LSDV is a member of the Capripoxvirus genus, which also includes the sheep pox and goat pox viruses. LSD is an enzootic, contagious, eruptive, and seldom lethal illness of cattle defined by skin nodules. The only impacted animal species are cattle and water buffalo, which have significant morbidity rates but minimal death. But calf mortality rates are greater. LSD impairs the production of milk and beef, results in female miscarriages, and makes males sterile. The initial outbreaks of Lumpy skin disease (LSD) were first documented in Zambia in the year 1929. LSD's origins date back to 1929 in Zambia. In Africa, LSD is seen as an endemic illness. In 1984, the illness was spread outside of Africa. It has been documented in Madagascar and a few Middle Eastern and Arab Gulf countries. Recent reports of the sickness in LSD-free nations (Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Iran and Iraq) with possible financial harm to the cattle sector. Both the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have issued warnings regarding the potential for the transmission of diseases to result in substantial economic repercussions. This disease diminishes the milk production of cows due to the presence of oral ulcers, which weaken the animals and cause a loss of appetite. The objective of this review article is to examine Lumpy skin disease (LSD) in the context of the current situation, particularly in relation to the growing concern about the disease spreading to countries that have thus far remained LSD-free.
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Drvenkar, Nataša, Katarina Marošević, and Ivana Unukić. "Regionalna ekonomska transformacija." Ekonomski pregled 74, no. 3 (2023): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.74.3.2.
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Modern economies and their smaller units – regions, regardless of their development level, witness significant inequalities. European regions differ significantly in their economic structure, history, available workforce skills, technological profiles, institutional and managerial capacities, and many other aspects. Most Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) are not an exception. Specifically, differences exist between national economies and between NUTS 3 regions within national economies, with some regions lagging behind. The inequality problem is addressed by the EU's Cohesion Policy in the CEECs, keeping in mind that CEECs are less developed than the average of the EU28 (27). Through its Cohesion Policy, the EU is seeking to reduce economic disparities between regions. An important issue is to create region-specific policies to foster regional growth. Therefore, Cohesion Policy instruments should be used in Central and Eastern European countries to tackle regional divergences and assist them in balancing their regional development as they formulate sectoral policies. Many analysts argue that the higher the movement towards a post-industrial (information, service) society, the more outdated the growth, production, and productivity inherited from industrial capitalism will be. Technological innovation has always been a crucial driver of progress, but over the last 50 years, its pace and significance have been growing. Technologically leading regions have long embraced innovation and are forging ahead, whereas lagging regions require a complete transformation of their economic (industrial) structure. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze Cohesion Policy in the CEECs by analyzing the relationship between GDP per capita and spending of EU funds. Moreover, the aim is to investigate the importance of vertical and horizontal industry policy in CEECs. To do that, the paper analyzes the total output growth and inter (intra) industry exchanges of Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). More specifically, an analysis of the changes in intra-industry trade (two-way trade) is performed, which shows how far bilateral imports and exports match within sectors. The paper reviews current theoretical knowledge and empirical research on the importance of the regional dimension of industrial policy, respecting the paradigm of innovative sustainability. The main methods used in the paper comprise a comparative analysis based on earlier theoretical and empirical studies in the field of regional economic development, as well as an analysis of industrial performance.
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Piziak, Bartosz, Magdalena Bień, Wojciech Jarczewski, and Katarzyna Ner. "Exploring Urban (Living) Labs: A Model Tailored for Central and Eastern Europe’s Context." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 12556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612556.
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The article attempts to synthesise existing knowledge and research related to the functioning of urban (living) labs and to analyse the particular experiences of their dozens of representatives from all over the world in order to develop a definition and model of an urban lab adapted to the conditions of Central and Eastern European countries. The lack of a systematised definition concerning functioning urban labs has influenced the development of a single, possibly precise definition of an urban lab, adapted to the socio-economic conditions of CEE countries. On the basis of a systematic review of the literature on the subject and a questionnaire survey of 24 urban labs from different countries of the world regarding their functioning, an attempt was made to develop an integrated model of an urban lab, taking into account elements such as stakeholder groups, thematic areas of activities, or stages of the design process, among others. The various definitions and typologies of urban (living) labs presented in this article, as well as the different approaches to their operation in many countries, indicate what an elaborate and heterogeneous tool they are. Despite the noticeable differences, their overarching goal of operation is invariably to improve the quality of life of city dwellers, taking into account the interests of different audiences. The growing interest in urban labs is reflected in the increasing number of publications on the subject of their functioning and the rising number of ”urban lab” initiatives, which influences the larger number of cities considering their implementation. So far, this tool has not been used in Central and Eastern European countries, including Poland, which led the authors of this study to develop the concept of an urban lab (2018/2019), based on which a pilot project was implemented in two Polish cities between 2019 and 2021.
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Mazurova, O. V., E. V. Galperova, and V. I. Loktionov. "Forecasting Electricity Demand in the Russian Federation and Its Regions Taking Into Account Electrification Expansion." Economy of Region 18, no. 2 (2022): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-16.
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A global priority of electrification expansion in all areas is also stated in the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation. The study aims to forecast electricity demand in Russia taking into account possible electrification options in economic sectors. The article presents a multi-stage procedure and a concise review of methodological approaches to the long-term assessment of electricity demand, which considers the impact of complex interrelationships in social, economic and technological policies. In particular, this approach focuses on the regional level, where the interests of energy producers and consumers are reconciled. The current and promising directions of electricity use in Russian regions and economic sectors were analysed based on various statistics and forecasts. The conducted analysis demonstrated the stability of sectoral and territorial energy consumption patterns, as well as a decrease and convergence of values of gross regional product (GRP) energy intensity. Energy consumption of regions varies due to significant differences in industrial specialisation and living standards of the population. The highest energy consumption is observed in developed regions (Central Federal District) or regions with a large share of energy-intensive industries (Siberian Federal District). According to the accepted economic development and electrification expansion strategies for the period 2025–2040, on average, electricity demand in Russian regions is expected to increase by 1.4–1.8 % annually. It is anticipated that the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts will show the highest growth rates of energy consumption due to the accelerated development of these territories. Predicted dynamics of the gross domestic product (GDP) energy intensity in Russia confirms its compliance with global trends. The research findings may prove useful in creating programmes and development strategies for the country and its regions.
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Neethling, Theo. "Boko Haram and Ansar al-Sunna: A Comparative Analysis of Insurgency Dynamics and Governance Failures." Journal of Central and Eastern European African Studies 3, no. 1 (2023): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.59569/jceeas.2023.3.1.193.
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This paper examines the manifestation and problems relating to the Islamist insurgencies of Boko Haram in north-eastern Nigeria, and Ansar al-Sunna in northern Mozambique. The thrust of the paper is that Islamist movements, driven by the ideas of jihadism, exploit conditions in weak and fragile states and expand their reach in territories affected by poor or deteriorating socio-economic conditions. In Africa, Boko Haram and Ansar al-Sunna are two striking examples. Following the introduction, the phenomena of Islamism and jihadist insurgencies in Africa are under review, after which state fragility is theorised. The focus then moves to Boko Haram and the conflict dynamics in the north-east of Nigeria, and the political conditions and related fragility in that country. From there, the emphasis shifts to Ansar al-Sunna and the conflict dynamics in northern Mozambique, focusing on the emergence and existence of the movement, and the political conditions and related fragility in the country. The paper argues that in both insurgencies under review – Nigeria and Mozambique – fragility and violent conflict fuel each other, and thus we can argue that the state fragility–conflict dynamics nexus is key in understanding the contemporary security landscapes and conflict in these two states. Finally, the paper concludes by highlighting and reflecting on six of the most striking similarities between the Boko Haram and Ansar al-Sunna insurgencies, and the governance (political and military) challenges that have thus far limited or prevented successful counter-insurgency measures in both countries.
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Zhadan, A. V. "Organization and Activity of NKVD Labor Educational Colonies for Minors in Khabarovsk Region in 1943–1945." Modern History of Russia 11, no. 2 (2021): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2021.207.
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The article, based on documentary sources, the main part of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, aims to analyze and summarize the historical experience of labor educational colonies for minors of the NKVD on the territory of the Khabarovsk territory in wartime (taking into account the events of the Soviet-Japanese war) and in the first post-war months of 1945. Within the framework of this goal, the author sets the following tasks: to specify the social significance of these institutions in relation to wartime conditions; describe the main directions of their activities (educational process and industrial training); establish the causes and nature of the problems that accompanied the activities of educational colonies at the time under review. The publication concludes that being essentially correctional and educational institutions, labor educational colonies for minors performed humanitarian, criminological, preventive, and socio-economic functions during the study period. The main problems in the activity of the colonies, which affected the material and everyday aspects of the life of pupils, the quality of educational work and the educational process, were the lack of material resources and experienced, qualified personnel. It is noted that the functioning of these institutions in the Khabarovsk territory was fully affected by the socio-economic specifics of the far Eastern region with a characteristic shortage of human resources, a relatively weak economic base, an undeveloped infrastructure and a saturation of penitentiary institutions. The author gives a positive assessment of the role of the leadership of the NKVD administration in the Khabarovsk territory in strengthening the discipline of the colony staff, suppressing illegal actions against pupils, creating favorable material and living conditions, and improving the educational and upbringing process.
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Kemal, Miftah Mohammed. "Investment Opportunities in Somali Regional State Putting the Pastoralists Political Economy in Perspective." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep326.
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Modern states and societies development can hardly be achieved without an appropriate policy and action that delivers greater economic outcomes. To this end, all states starting from the ancient times to the modern era practiced economic policies that rely greatly on the accumulation of wealth through different means of the production process that leads to extraction hence accumulation of wealth based on which the state builds and maintains its internal as well as external sovereignty. It was in yesterday this motive for achieving unlimited growth and accumulation of wealth that drives the first British East Indian company to open its first overseas production plant in India in the 18th century.Today the multiple economic social and technological imperative of investment and that of foreign direct investment have become clear. Foreign direct investment is the most important engine based on which sates economy gain income in terms of National Gross Domestic Production, foreign exchange earnings and employment opportunity as well as technological and capital transfer. To this end, countries compete for attracting capitals to flow to their economy in the form of investment. This has greatly benefited countries of South East Asia in the last couple of decades. Africa, though not benefited as much as the what the Asian tigers and other eastern economies gained from foreign direct investment, many of African states are striving to use the advantage of investment in their national endeavor to achieve economic and socio-political development .Yet, the pattern of the distribution of this gain from the foreign direct investment is limited in its scope and not enabled states to benefiting the different sections of their population equally.This problem of uneven distributions of gains from economic development has been common problem in many of the emerging economies.Ethiopia is not peculiar.Despite the progress made in atracting more investors to the national economy,the distribution of these has been uneven.Most of the FDI gains are concentrated in few clusters in the major regions of the country. One of the least benefited livelihhod and economic areas has been the pastoralist roaming areas. Comparatively speaking,thus far,the Somali regional state gained little or no foreign direct investment since the new EPRDF government came into power 30 years ago .This has been despite the region has a huge potential for making gain from FDI given that the required attention and intervention is made.This article makes a description of the investment potentials in Somali regional state baed on the political economy framework. The review concludes that The review fininds out that the region has a huge potential for investment given the right attention by both policymakers and investors.
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Sokolov, A. V., and V. A. Bazhanov. "MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OF THE ASIAN PART OF RUSSIA: STATE, PROSPECTS." Economics Profession Business, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202226.
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The article discusses the state and trends in the development of mechanical engineering in the Asian part of the Russian Federation. Under the Asian part of Russia in the article is meant a set of subjects of the federation of the Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts, as well as the Tyumen region. Mechanical engineering is presented in the article by three types of economic activity, corresponding to the positions in the tables of the statistical collection «Regions of Russia: socio-economic indicators». The analysis of the state of machine-building activities was carried out according to the data of collections for 2006-2021, and the prospects for their development were determined by the texts of the state strategic planning documents in force at the time of writing. The results of the analysis showed that the Asian part of Russia is characterized by an outpacing of the rates of output of machine-building products in comparison with the average for the Russian Federation. The periods of ups and downs for the AChR and the Russian Federation as a whole are almost identical — any specificity of the AChR in this matter is not observed. We note only serious differences in the trends of the indicator for the last three years of the period under review — 2018-2020. An analysis of regional strategies revealed a commonality of intentions and opportunities for the development of mechanical engineering in the Asian part of Russia, especially in terms of investment support for achieving strategic goals. The article presents three possible scenarios for the development of mechanical engineering in the Asian part of Russia.
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Ratshisusu, Hardin, Mapato Ramokgopa, and Elikana Maroge. "Cross-Border Cartels Enforcement Under the Africa Continental Free Trade Area." Antitrust Bulletin 66, no. 4 (October 21, 2021): 528–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x211045754.
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Effective enforcement of competition laws on a global scale is a prerequisite for open economies, fair trading conditions, and level playing fields, and ultimately, inclusive economic development for improved and better lives. Improving enforcement co-operation between competition authorities has been a priority for the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, and International Competition Network for many years. This article argues that there is increased scope for competition authorities in Africa to effectively regulate cross-border cartel activities under the Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). It is recognized that for the AfCFTA to meet its general objectives under Article 3 of the AfCFTA framework agreement, States Parties must develop a framework on competition policy which is part of the second phase of the negotiations that will culminate into a Protocol on Competition Policy. Following a review of competition policies and laws of selected African countries in Southern African Development Community, East African Community, Economic Community of West African States, and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, this article suggests an appropriate competition law and policy for Africa, particularly one that will enhance capability to combat cross-border cartels.
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Acsady, Judit. "The ambiguities and contradictions of the state-socialist way of women’s emancipation in Hungary (1948-1989). Overview and search for the traces of feminist resistance." Bulletin de l'Institut etnographique 71, no. 3 (2023): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gei2303041a.
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The literature about the ex-state-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe raised the questions in what way women benefited from the legislation guaranteeing equal rights and the measures of emancipation during the decades of state socialism. The authors that also argued after 1990, the time of the social, economic and political transitions in the region, that women became the big losers of the changes. The paper aims to reflect on these examinations of gender relations during the state-socialist period and point out the contradictory ways of the introduction of women?s emancipation that led to ambiguous results in the propagated program of gender equality. Furthermore it discusses in which ways women?s positions remained subordinated and how the sexist representations of women increased in public life, the media and culture in Hungary after the 1970?s. A review of the main findings of earlier research accumulated so far concerning women?s lifes and gender relations in Hungary during state socialism will be followed by the question of in what ways these controversies of the system were articulated by the contemporary oppositional voices. Did the activists of the dissident Hungarian democratic opposition embrace the ideas of feminism and women?s issues in their criticism of the one-party system? On the base of contemporary documents and recent interviews with ex-activists it will be examined how feminist voices were articulated, yet controversially marginalized among the dissidents.
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Azmuk, Nadiya, Olena Grishnova, and Oleg Kuklin. "DIGITAL EMPLOYMENT: UKRAINE’S RANKING IN THE GLOBAL DIVISION OF DIGITAL LABOUR." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 2, no. 43 (April 29, 2022): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.2.43.2022.3578.
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The paper reviews information on the formation and development of a new form of employment — digital one — and identifies its impact on the country’s place in the global dimension. The overall objective of the study is to verify the trends of digital employment in Ukraine and assess its place and role in the global distribution of the digital workforce. The literature review indicates a lack of research on the gap between the level of technological development of the country and the use of digital employees in the national economy. This is particularly imperative for developing countries, which technologically remain far behind, and to which Ukraine belongs.The scholars used a certain sequence to conduct the study of this issue, particularly: at first, in accordance with the characteristics of digital employment, the authors identified the types of business where the largest number of digital workplaces is concentrated. Secondly, the researchers analysed the statistical indicators of digital employment in Ukraine for 10 years and revealed the development tendencies of this segment. Thirdly, the study compared the data on employment, wages and the obtainability of the favourable domestic talent development environments for the country of reference and a neighbouring country with a higher level of economic development. Fourthly, the research identified the factors influencing the spread of digital employment and defined the place and role of Ukraine in the global digital landscape.The study uses methods of analysis and synthesis, abstraction and generalisation in the verification of digital employment trends, statistical and analytical methodologies in the study of the state and trends inherent in the digital segment of national employment markets. The knowledge base of the research consists of the official statistics of Ukraine, Poland, analytical materials of UNIDO, The World Economic Forum, OECD, Eurostat.The object of the study is the digital segment of the labour markets of Ukraine and Poland, as these countries have similar preconditions for economic development, they are geographically located in Eastern Europe and border each other. At the same time, Poland has a higher level of economic development and is a recipient country for Ukrainian migrant workers.The paper presents the results of empirical analysis, which showed that technological lag is the major precondition for the low demand for digital employment in Ukraine. Accordingly, this determines that Ukraine is basically a resource colony in the digital global environment, which supplies highly qualified digital workers. The experts and practitioners can use the results of the study to elaborate a strategy for the development of Ukraine’s economy in the context of digitalisation.
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Sarr, Ousmane, Richard Kindong, and Siquan Tian. "Knowledge on the Biological and Fisheries Aspects of the Japanese Sardine, Sardinops melanostictus (Schlegel, 1846)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121403.
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Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) is a significant small pelagic fish and a valuable resource that plays an essential ecological role in the marine ecosystem. It is present in the far Eastern Asian maritime waters, including the Pacific Ocean, Sea of Japan, and the East China Sea. Encircling nets, particularly purse seines, are the most used fishing equipment to catch this species. Their fishing grounds are located entirely in coastal areas. Japanese sardine catches have shown varying trends over the last five decades, with a high frequency of captures occurring in the 1980s before collapsing in the early 1990s. The economic and ecological importance of this species has prompted much research, which provided additional information about their spawning migration, distribution, fisheries, and biology. This research was mostly undertaken in the Sea of Japan and its adjacent waters spanning in the north Pacific Ocean. Despite all this research and the importance of this species in its habitats and in commercial fisheries, there is a lack of a recent review presenting the status of global fisheries and biological information for this species. This paper summarizes and updates information on the global geographical distribution, biological aspects, trends in catches, stock fluctuations and assessment, and management measures of the Japanese sardine population. This paper also summarizes information related to the influence of environmental factors on the occurrence of this species and also identifies information gaps. Further research directions are also discussed in this work, which may help improve the knowledge of Japanese sardine and establish rational management measures for their conservation.
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Bespalko, Denis. "The Study of Russian-Chinese Problems of Border Delimitation in the Late 17th - Early 18th Centuries by the Head of the Academic Squad G.F. Miller." Russian and Chinese Studies 3, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2019.3(3).32-39.
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The article reviews the first attempts of combined approach to the study of cross-border problems that came to a head between Russia and China in the end of the 17th — beginning of 18th centuries by head of the academic detachment G.F. Miller. The relations of the two states in the designated period of time were quite complex and intense. Conditions for the development of normal political and economic ties, exchange of cultural and historical experience as such did not exist. The Chinese side traditionally considered its neighbors «uneducated barbarians» and did not seek to find good neighborly points of support. The Russian state did not have sufficient forces to fully integrate the eastern frontiers and implement active policies of integrating the south-eastern territories into its sphere of influence, still tried to expand into Transbaikalia, the Amur region and further on in the Far East. By founding new fortresses, barracks, and border posts in the 17th century Russia created the most important strategic base to move to the east, which China attempted to prevent in the strongest possible terms. This confrontation turned into a local-regional conflict with subsequent military confrontation and the emergence of a top-priority problem in the form of the Amur issue with mutual territorial claims. The head of the academic detachment GF Miller studied the nuances and tried to solve the regional problem theoretically. The researcher carefully examined a huge number of different sources and wrote a number of works. The conclusions he presented, however, were perceived by contemporaries ambiguously and in most cases did not find practical implementation. Nevertheless, G.F. Miller was the first scientist who consistently tried to understand the conflicts of the border armed conflict between the Russian and the Chinese state at the turn of the 17th — 18th centuries.
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Chemli, Jaafar, Nabil Harzallah, Hela Grati, Marie Christine Jebali, Mouna Jameleddine, and Chokri Hamouda. "PP46 INEAS Guidelines For Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation: Focus On Health-Related Quality of Life Recommendations." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S55—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322001866.
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IntroductionIn many low- and middle-income countries scarcity of local data on health outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a hindrance to conducting cost-effectiveness analyses. The Tunisian National Authority for Accreditation and Assessment in Healthcare (INEAS) developed a set of methodological guidelines to support pharmaceutical companies in the submission of health technology assessment (HTA) dossiers. The guidelines include INEAS’ methodological choices for pharmacoeconomic analysis, which take into consideration the specificities and constraints of the Tunisian context. We aimed to present the principal recommendations of the Tunisian guidelines for pharmacoeconomic studies, with a focus on patient-reported outcome and HRQoL measurement.MethodsThe INEAS pharmacoeconomic analysis guidelines were reviewed and the recommendations regarding outcome measurement and HRQoL were retrieved and reported.ResultsTo populate the economic model, INEAS recommends using the best available evidence. Health outcomes should be measured in terms of life-years gained and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs); disability-adjusted life-years can be used but are not the preferred method. To estimate QALYs, INEAS favors the indirect measure of patient preferences with a validated measurement instrument. Alternatively, other measures of utility may be used, including those identified through a systematic review of the scientific literature and the publications of other HTA agencies. Justification and details of the source of the data must be provided. The utility values selected should be recent and representative of the Tunisian population, as far as possible. The guidelines refer to a set of generic preference-based HRQoL instruments, including the EuroQol five-dimensions (EQ5D), the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3), and the Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D), but do not provide any explicit recommendations on their use.ConclusionsThe INEAS pharmacoeconomic analysis guidelines adhere to international best practices but provide more flexibility for overcoming the lack of local data. The INEAS economic guidelines constitutes a further milestone in the process of implementing HTA in Tunisia and in the Middle Eastern and African regions.
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Polenakovic, Momir, and Zoran Gucev. "Publishing Integrity and Good Practices in Editing in Biomedicine." PRILOZI 35, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prilozi-2015-0002.
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AbstractThe Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MASA), held a scientific workshop for journal editors in biomedicine: “Publishing integrity and good practices in editing in biomedicine” on April 25, 2014 in MASA, Skopje. The meeting looked into old problems and new situations in editing and publishing, with emphasis on the situation in developing countries.This global knowledge-based society is founded on the results obtained from scientific research. The data from basic research in developed countries contribute in a quite substantial manner to the newly added economic value. One of the main reasons for underdevelopment in South Eastern Europe (SEE) is certainly a low or non-existent contribution of scientific research in the newly added economic value. This has largely to do with the perception of the political elites which simply lack the insight on the crucial importance of science in development. In the long term this leads to societies in which there are distortions in the understanding of the most basic values.Academic publishing has experienced tremendous growth: so far there are at least 50 million scientific articles. Interestingly, publishing in developing countries has experienced a rate of growth higher than in developed countries. However, this is not the case with the Balkan countries.The meeting looked at some old and some newly emerging problems in editing and publishing.First, the high cost for universities and researchers to purchase journals adversely affects both publishing and editing. In developing countries the high cost of purchasing scientific literature is an almost insurmountable problem in spite of the fact that some publishing companies offer discounted fees. Open access journals in South Eastern European (SEE) countries are hardly achievable as this also incurs costs that have to be covered in some way or other.The peer review process has the fundamental difficulty that reviewers are in the situation of a Procrustean bed, tending to accept reports which support the reviewer's concepts of thinking and, like Procrustes, cutting everything else out. Authorship is often a contentious issue, as undeserved authors appear on the list of authors.Some principles are now a norm in academic publishing. This applies to the declaration of a conflict of interest, the consent of the patient and the approval of the Ethical Board of the institution.This global informational technological revolution has, unfortunately, led to largely widespread and increasingly sophisticated deviations: plagiarism, data fabrication and data falsification as forms of scientific misconduct. Those events are now more widespread than in the past. Luckily new tools to track them are much better than previously. The race for perfect publishing integrity and for the best good practices in editing in biomedicine is on. New and old challenges will be met. The benevolent and caring society, educated professionals and an enlightened public remain essential preconditions. The wealth of nations depends on R&D and consequently on academic publishing.
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Oleinik, Elena B., Elena G. Yurchenko, and Alena P. Zakharova. "ИПОТЕЧНЫЙ ЖИЛИЩНЫЙ КРЕДИТ КАК ФАКТОР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ МИГРАЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО РЕГИОНА." Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право 53, no. 4 (2019): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2019-4/15-29.
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В статье обозначена одна из самых больших проблем развития Дальневосточного региона – уменьшение численности населения. Представлены итоги миграции и сравнительная характеристика социально-экономических показателей субъектов Дальневосточного федерального округа. Отмечено, что ипотечное жилищное кредитование является одним из инструментов, который способствует уменьшению оттока населения из региона. Представлена динамика процентной ставки по ипотечному жилищному кредиту. Проведён анализ и представлена модель прогнозирования объёмов ипотечного жилищного кредита на примере При-морского края. Для моделирования объёмов ипотечного жилищного кредита были использованы две комбинированные аддитивные модели: первая – модель множественной линейной регрессии и авторегрессионной модели временного ряда для остатков; вторая – модель с выявлением тренда, расчётом сезонной компоненты и моделью авторегрессии для случайной компоненты. Сравнительный анализ ошибок моделей показал, что лучшей является вторая модель, ей соответствуют минимальные ошибки, поэтому она была выбрана для прогнозирования. Прогноз был дополнен анализом тенденции изменения численности населения в Приморском крае, который показал, что рост объёмов ипотечного жилищного кредита происходит на фоне уменьшения численности населения, следовательно, жители региона заключают большое количество ипотечных сделок на приобретение квартир за пределами Дальневосточного региона. Рост средней суммы ипотечного займа означает, что уменьшается объём собственных средств на покупку квартиры. В то же время снижается и количество выданных кредитов. Рост объёмов ипотечного жилищного кредита при снижении их количества свидетельствует о том, что возможности накопления первоначального взноса значительно уменьшились. В целом ипотечное кредитование является перспективным направлением повышения миграционной привлекательности региона. Региональное жилищное ипотечное кредитование – источник получения доходов для бюджета; расширение рынка занятости для строителей, проектировщиков; решение проблем со строительством жилья нуждающимся слоям населения; возможность перехода свободных денежных средств и накоплений населения в инвестиции. Но проблема уменьшения численности населения в регионе требует системного решения не только социальных, но также экономических и экологических проблем и не может быть решена только уменьшением процентных ставок на ипотечные кредиты. The article reviews on pf the most challenging issues for the development of the Russian Far East – the population decrease. The authors have decried the migration outcomes and the comparative characteristics of social and economic indicators of the subjects of Russian Far Eastern Federal District. Mortgage credits are a tool of reducing the migration outflow from the region. The article reviews the dynamics of mortgage interest rates and the model of forecasting the mortgage credit volumes based on the Primorye data. Forecasting the volumes of mortgage credits was conducted with two combined adaptive models: the model of multiple linear regression and the autoregressive model of the time sequence for remainders; the second model involves revealing the trends, calculating the seasonal component and the autoregressive model for the random component. Comparative analysis of model errors has shown that the second model is the best one due to the low number of errors; therefore, it was selected for forecasting. The forecast was supplemented with the analysis of population changes trends in Primorye that has showed that the growth of mortgage credit volumes was accompanied by the population decrease. This means that the residents of the region take a lot of mortgage credits for purchasing apartments outside the territory of the Far Eastern region. Growth of the average mortgage amount indicates that the people’s personal funds for initial instalments have decreased. At the same time, the number of approved credits is going down. Increase in the volumes of mortgage credits in the context of their lower amounts indicates that people have fewer opportunities for accumulating initial installments. In the whole, mortgage crediting is a prospective trend in increasing the migration attractiveness of the region. Regional mortgage crediting is a source of income for the budget; expanding the employment market for construction workers and architects; solving the housing problems for the low-income population strata; an opportunity for transferring the free cash and savings into investments. However, the problem of population decrease calls for a systemic approach to social, economic and environmental problems and cannot be resolved through lower mortgage interest rates alone.
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Lovejoy, Paul E. "The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature." Journal of African History 30, no. 3 (November 1989): 365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024439.
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Recent revisions of estimates for the volume of the trans-Atlantic slave trade suggest that approximately 11,863,000 slaves were exported from Africa during the whole period of the Atlantic slave trade, which is a small upward revision of my 1982 synthesis and still well within the range projected by Curtin in 1969. More accurate studies of the French and British sectors indicate that some revision in the temporal and regional distribution of slave exports is required, especially for the eighteenth century. First, the Bight of Biafra was more important and its involvement in the trade began several decades earlier than previously thought. Secondly, the French and British were more active on the Loango coast than earlier statistics revealed. The southward shift of the trade now appears to have been more gradual and to have begun earlier than I argued in 1982. The greater precision in the regional breakdown of slave shipments is confirmed by new data on the ethnic origins of slaves. The analysis also allows a new assessment of the gender and age profile of the exported population. There was a trend toward greater proportions of males and children. In the seventeenth century, slavers purchased relatively balanced proportions of males and females, and children were under-represented. By the eighteenth century, west-central Africa was exporting twice as many males as females, while West Africa was far from attaining such ratios. In the nineteenth century, by contrast, slavers could achieve those ratios almost anywhere slaves were available for export, and in parts of west-central and south-eastern Africa the percentage of males reached unprecedented levels of 70 per cent or more. Furthermore, increasing numbers of slaves were children, and again west-central Africa led the way in this shift while West Africa lagged behind considerably.This review of the literature on the demography of the slave trade provides a context to assess the revisionist interpretation of David Eltis, who has argued recently that the slave trade and its suppression were of minor importance in African history. It is shown that Eltis' economic arguments, based on an assessment of per capita income and the value of the export trade, are flawed. The demography of the trade involved an absolute loss of population and a large increase in the enslaved population that was retained in Africa. A rough comparison of slave populations in West Africa and the Americas indicates that the scale of slavery in Africa was extremely large.
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Andrzej Uhl. "Punishing white-collar offenders. Theory and function: Karanie sprawców "w białych kołnierzykach". Teoria i funkcja." Archives of Criminology, no. XLII/2 (February 2, 2021): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2020y.
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The most prominent sentencing theories, also known as justifications for punishment, were developed long before white-collar crime entered mainstream criminology. Not surprisingly, the literature still focusses on the phenomenology of white-collar crime rather than on the issues of punishment. As a growing number of respectable offenders face criminal prosecution or even incarceration, the application of traditional sentencing rationales proves problematic in practical, ethical, and terminological terms. The article first explains how the debate on punishing upper-world offenders in Europe is inhibited by the offence-based nomenclature of economic crime or ‘collaring the crime, not the criminal’. Thereafter, a review and discussion of relevant English-language literature on the subject is offered, leaving open some questions as to its applicability to the Central-eastern European context. White-collar offenders were traditionally viewed as the perfect target for general deterrence, yet the body of evidence challenges this hypothesis. The theory of positive general prevention seems promising with regard to reinforcing business ethics and counteracting the spiral effect. It is hardly clear what the rehabilitation of middle-class convicts should mean in practice, while incapacitation is reinvented as business debarment and the loss of licences. There is often a glaring discrepancy between retributive and preventive ends in white-collar cases, which also features the political dimension of class inequalities in the criminal justice system. A short excursus provides insight into neoliberal criticisms of punishing white-collar offenders, revealing its unintentional similarities to penal abolitionism. Finally, empirical findings on subjects relevant to punishment theories, such as fair sentencing, public attitudes, and the effectiveness of deterrence, are reviewed with special attention given to Central and Eastern European research.
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Shkunov, Vladimir. "Siberian Fairs in the Foreign Trade System of the Russian Empire in the XIX Century." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2022.23(2).280-297.
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The article is devoted to the problems of integration of Siberia into the foreign trade system of the Russian Empire during the XIX century. Special attention is paid to the role and importance of Siberian fairs in Russia's export-import operations with the countries and peoples of the East, the ethno-confessional features of Siberian merchants’ participation in foreign trade, the characteristics of Siberia's leading fairs, the range of export and import goods, etc. The development of fair trade in the macroregion contributed to the active inclusion of Siberia in the all-Russian economic processes and the formation of a single economic space. During the century, the number of fairs increased significantly, including those in remote and hard-to-reach areas, where fur trappers from among the small indigenous peoples brought their fur goods. The author provides examples of the activities of large trading houses, the Russian-American Company for the purchase of Siberian goods for their sale abroad, as well as the sale of imported goods at Siberian fairs. He analyses the reasons for the movement of Chinese and Central Asian merchants into the interior of Siberia with goods that were in steady demand at the bazaars. The importance of the development of transport routes (including river ones) in the development of both fair and foreign trade in the period under review is noted. The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway (the Great Siberian Way) and the Manchurian Railway contributed to the expansion of Russian-Eastern trade through Siberia, strengthening the positions of leading fair-trade centres near the railways. By the end of the century, Siberia's foreign trade relations had spread to remote regions of Asia: domestic goods purchased at Siberian fairs could be found in Shanghai and Hong Kong, Japan and Korea, the Philippines and Singapore, etc.
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Bandurin, Konstantin V., Vladimir N. Khlivnoy, A. A. Grekov, Dmitry V. Prozorkevich, Grigoriy E. Maslyankin, Nikolay M. Timoshenko, Svetlana M. Kasatkina, Alexander A. Nesterov, Sergey Y. Gulyugin, and Sergej Yu Leontiev. "Russian fishing in the Atlantic and Southeastern Pacific Oceans in 2000–2020." Trudy VNIRO 195, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2024-195-129-141.
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The aim: to analyze the development of domestic fisheries in the Atlantic and Southeastern Pacific Oceans in 2000–2020, to assess the state of stocks and catch of the most important types of aquatic biological resources.Methods: conducting trawl-a coustic, ichthyological and hydrological accounting studies in 2000–2020. Analysis of domestic and foreign literature.Novelty: the article presents an up-to-date analysis of the development of Russian fishing, the intensity of fishing and the state of exploited stocks of commercial fish species.Results: Information is provided on the status and dynamics of stocks and catch of commercial aquatic organisms in various areas of the Atlantic and southeastern Pacific Ocean. During the period under review, the highest biomass of stocks and catch are observed in pelagic fish species in the North-East Atlantic. The state of stocks and catch of bottom fish species in the far North Atlantic regions are at an average or low level. In general, in the first two decades of the XXI century, favorable conditions for conducting domestic fishing were noted. For the Central-Eastern Atlantic area (EEZ of Morocco and Mauritania), information is provided on the status of the main commercial fish stocks. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of resuming the domestic tuna and mackerel fishery in the south-e astern Pacific Ocean.Practical significance: the results of the analysis can be used to make management decisions on the development and regulation of fishing.
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Mercer, Alexandra, Kim De Rijke, and Wolfram Dressler. "Silences in the boom: coal seam gas, neoliberalizing discourse, and the future of regional Australia." Journal of Political Ecology 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v21i1.21137.
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In high-stakes resource use struggles currently playing out across the world, different beliefs about economics and "growth-first" regional development underpin decisions and dynamics that have far-reaching consequences. Neoliberalizing political economies rely on the maintenance of particular beliefs associated with these themes, and work to delegitimize and silence alternatives. Thus understanding the beliefs of actors concerning these themes, especially with respect to neoliberal ideas, is key to understanding these sociopolitical struggles. This article uses a combination of literature review, critical discourse analysis and selected fieldwork data to explore the recent debate about coal seam gas (CSG) in Eastern Australia. In particular, it examines the ideas that underlie texts produced by CSG production companies, the Queensland Government, and Lock the Gate (a key group opposed to rapid CSG industry expansion). The analysis indicates that with respect to the above themes, Lock the Gate expresses their opposition to CSG through perspectives that mostly depart from those with a key role in maintaining neoliberalizing political economies. In contrast, the Queensland government and CSG companies, despite each encompassing significant internal diversity, have expressed relatively similar and consistent positions, aligned with neoliberalizing ideas. The article problematizes descriptions of the state government as a neutral arbitrator that can restore balance between the beliefs of gas companies and groups like Lock the Gate, and advances consideration of deeper differences.Key Words: coal seam gas, neoliberalizing discourse, regional development, role of government, Queensland
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Zhushchikhovskaya, Irina S., and Lyudmila N. Mylnikova. "The Oldest Ceramics of East Asia: Current Research Questions (Materials for the Educational Course “Ceramics as an Archaeological Source”)." Archaeology and Ethnography 19, no. 7 (2020): 10–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-7-10-33.
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Purpose. The article presents a historiographical review of the problems of research of ancient ceramics from archaeological sites of East Asia in the chronological interval from 20,000–18,000 to 9,000 years ago. Results. The subject of discussion is the periodization of monuments with early ceramics, the problems of socio-economic conditions of the emergence of pottery technology, its functional role in ancient societies, reconstruction of technological skills and technical levels of pottery, morphology and decor. There are a lot of controversial issues and “blind spots” in this direction. However, the opening of sites with ancient ceramics in East Asia showed that here, on the Pacific (eastern) outskirts of the Eurasian continent, pottery making technology first appeared about 10,000 years earlier than in the Middle East. The invention of ceramics in this region of the world at the turn of the Pleistocene and Holocene should be considered as a result of a combination of natural and social factors. The example of East Asia shows that the relationship between the appearance of ceramic vessels and the development of agriculture, as a technology for food production, is universally, not a mandatory factor. Conclusion. The article discusses certain regional differences in the formation of skills in making the most ancient ceramic vessels of East Asia. It is assumed that the development of ceramic technology in the Japanese archipelago and in the mainland areas of East Asia took place independently. For the Amur region, there are two local cultural traditions – Osipovskaya and Gromatukhinskaya. According to materials from Northern China, there is a version of the existence of a common line in the development of ancient ceramics in the Valley of the Nonny River. There are similarities between the early ceramics of Northeast China, and the Gromatukhinskaya and Osipovskaya cultures of Amur. For the ceramics of South Korea also note similarities with the materials of the Russian Far East, Japanese and Chinese dishes.
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Eißel, Dieter. "The Financial Crisis, Austerity Policy And Greece." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 18, no. 4 (December 17, 2015): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2015-0026.
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This article contains a brief review of the main causes of the current crisis and concerns strategies of market dogmatism and their impacts, which followed the end of post-war boom and the end of the so-called Bretton Woods System. Rising inequality and deregulation led to increasing investment of speculative capital (casino capitalism), creating a real estate bubble in USA. Owing to public bailouts, this finance capital did not lose so much after the bubble bursts. However, the bailouts created serious problems for state budgets, which were already poor as a consequence of the tax race to the bottom following the specific neoliberal recommendations to surmount the economic crisis. Together with weak economic performance and high interest rates for state bonds - due low rankings by rating agencies - some states in the euro zone were threatened with insolvency. Additionally, home-made negative structures and mismanagement worsened the situation. The financial assistance then provided by the troika were tied to harsh “reforms” in the spirit of the austerity policy. This has led to a social crisis with colossal humanitarian impacts; it is economically a fiasco and has increased the public debt to unbearable proportions, mainly in Greece, a country which might be seen as a laboratory for this strategy. Central and Eastern European countries could learn by the Greek example of austerity policy: First, they should stay longer to their own currency, allowing them to remain competitive by compensating stronger trade partners’ productivity by the chance of devaluating. Second, it is clear that cutting off expenditures will not solve problems in case of aiming at balancing the public budget. Just the opposite, it will increase social and economic problems by down-sizing public and private demand and it will endanger necessary investments in future development (infrastructure, education). That’s why increasing state receipts and a fair tax policy are on the agenda, as long as the rich escape from contributing adequately to state’s action capability.
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Mashkova, T. Yu. "GRATUITOUS UTILIZATION OF LAND: NEW MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL, SOCIAL ECONOMIC MECHANISMS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-3-412-417.
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The research provides analysis of changes in existing legal acts of land law related to gratuitous allocation of Russian Far Eastern lands according to the special Law №119 on “Russian Far Eastern hectare”. The article analyses the constitutional and land legal basis of the modern Far Eastern land policy. Peculiarities of the implementation of the “Far Eastern hectare” are considered including generally accepted norms of forest legislation. In the areas of compact residence of indigenous people, as well as in the Siberian territories rejoined to the Far Eastern Federal District. The analysis of government support measures on federal and regional levels (Far Eastern mortgage, etc.). The assessment of the newly proposed the investment courts as judgement institutes. The materials of national researches on problems of the Far Eastern territories were explored as well as statistical data of the Federal informational resources (FIS and ARCHK DV), and research materials of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, etc.
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Kremlev, N. D. "Interregional Assessment of Population Adaptation Models in the Conditions of Dynamic Development: Statistical Approach." Statistics and Economics 18, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2021-3-46-55.
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The purpose of the study is to substantiate the tools for the interregional assessment of models of adaptation of the country's population. The study uses statistical methods that comply with international norms and standards, including the system of national accounts. It is assumed that the assessment of the models of adaptation of the population of the regions is determined on the basis of the characteristics of the living conditions and the economic potential operating in a particular territory. Models of adaptation of the population in the conditions of dynamic development include interaction of internal systems of the person and external systems of the environment for satisfaction of needs, creation of new goods, improvement of living conditions and safety of people. The following types of population adaptation models are used: active, optimal, inertial, and passive.The materials and methods of the study are the use of official data of the Federal State Statistics Service using the following methods: index, trend, balance, grouping, comparison, and multi-factor analysis. The author conducted an interregional assessment of population adaptation models of the country's regions according to 24 quantitative and qualitative indicators, which allow to objectively measuring the general state of the economy of the territories and the level of adaptability of the population for the period 2005-2019.Based on the results of the review of theoretical approaches, it is concluded that the models of population adaptation can be described as a complex object of research. Based on the measurement of the main socio-economic indicators, the ratings of the interregional assessment of population adaptation models, the living conditions of the population (work, life, leisure and security), the state of the economy and the standard of living of people are calculated. Over the past 15 years, there have been significant changes in many regions of the country in terms of the use of population adaptation models, which have contributed to an increase in the speed of adaptation of people to any situation. Thus, the central and north-western federal districts revealed an excessive concentration of financial, labor, administrative and material resources. Natural, industrial, technological, and economic resources are concentrated in the regions of the Volga, Ural, and Siberian federal districts. The regions of the southern and North Caucasus federal districts specialize in the development of recreational, agri-food, road, and housing and communal resources. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District have the largest area of territory, investment activity, high per capita income of the population and wages of employees of organizations. However, in the territories, the living conditions of the population deteriorate, there is a significant migration outflow, and the adaptation of the population is slowed down.Conclusion: the use of the statistical approach for the interregional assessment of population adaptation models allowed to improve the quality of the information base, to determine the real state and contribution of each region to the country's economy, to measure the level of regional adaptability, which is of crucial importance when drawing up strategic directions for regional socio-economic development, to develop recommendations for improving regional policy in the conditions of dynamic development of territories.
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Dobos, Emese. "Changing Landscapes but Ingrained Power Relations? The Green Promise of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the (Un)sustainability of the Fashion Industry, and the Central-Eastern European Production Background." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Social Analysis 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aussoc-2022-0001.
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic turned the spotlight on the inequalities and the vulnerability of the global supply chains. It showed the serious dependency and the asymmetrical power relations among the stakeholders of the fashion industry. The relocation tendencies – as fashion brands are trying to break up with Asia and move production closer – have already started, and the pandemic can give a boost to it. The Central-Eastern European region can be a possible destination. The shorter supply chains are not just a tool for resilience but are told to serve sustainability as well. My hypothesis is that even though the geography of fashion industry is changing, power relations are not, and the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic has even increased dependency among the different players. Power relations are important among the region’s production and the clients if relocation is to work out, as there is need for inclusive, fair, and decent employment, which is rarely guaranteed by fashion brands. Without it, sustainability cannot be achieved. In this paper, I focus on the examination of socio-economic processes in contemporary fashion such as the relocation tendencies and the power relations among the stakeholders, mainly fashion brands and production companies as subcontractors of the fashion industry. Especially, I examine profit and risk as factors within the relations. The critical essay uses literature review and document analysis to investigate a possible change in the current role of power relations and to examine the hypothesis.