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1
O’Reilly, Norman. "Experimental Design Methods in Sport Management Research: The Playoff Safety Bias." Journal of Sport Management 25, no. 3 (May 2011): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.3.217.
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The Playoff Safety Bias occurs when playoff appearances matter more than championships in terms of an individual’s decision-making process when choosing to consume major professional sport from a set of options, referred to as the Sequential Goal Heuristic. This paper (i) demonstrates the potential value of experimental design research in sport management and (ii) provides a consumer-based perspective of playoff structure. Adopting a consumer psychology approach, a 2 (Team performance: good team/bad team) × 3 (Goal: make playoffs every year/ win at least one championship/ maximize number of championships) design was administered via a scenario presented to 152 undergraduate students. The scenario controlled and manipulated the good team/bad team construct by varying the team’s past six season standings. Results revealed that the subjects instructed to maximize the number of playoff appearances had similar estimations of the ideal number of playoff teams, whether fans of a good or bad team. Conversely, of the subjects instructed to either (i) maximize the number of championships won or (ii) maximize the probability of winning at least one championship, fans of good teams over-estimated the optimal number of playoff teams significantly more than fans of bad teams. Implications for future research, practitioner application, and support of similar methods in sport management research are provided.
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Todorović, Vladimir, Jelena Trivan, Dražana Tošić, and Ljubica Figun. "Characteristics of the main fans of the active underground mines JP PEU - Resavica." Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 3-4 (2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mmeb2002035t.
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Ventilation is a very important phase in mining from the point of view of continuous works in the underground mines and safety of the employees. For the ventilation of the active underground mines of JP PEU Resavica the artificial ventilation is used with the main fans installed within the ventilation in active plants. According to the characteristics of the ventilation networks, the appropriate main fans were also selected. In this paper, the characteristics of fans in the active underground mines and an analysis of their works are presented, and the suggestions for their improvement are given within the discussion
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Chun, Guo, Wang Mingnian, and Tang Zhaozhi. "A Study on Surge and Stall under the Interaction of Parallel Axial flow fan in Tunnel." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 42, no. 11 (December 2011): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0957-4565.42.11.9.
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In the ventilation design for tunnels above 10km, an axial flow fan of great power needs to be set in ventilation shafts. There are few provisions on the setting modes and less discussion of parallel axial flow fan mode in the Specifications for Design of Ventilation and Lighting of Highway Tunnels. All of these bring a lot of difficulties about the axial fan selection, layout and control design. There is no specialized research on axial flow fan for tunnels and no studies on surge and stall under the interaction of parallel axial flow fan in tunnel in spite of the more and more application of parallel axial flow fan. So, this paper conducts a study on surge and stall under the interaction of parallel axial flow fan in tunnels. Through the study on the operating principle and analysis of parallel axial flow fan, we can know that the noise will increase suddenly, which will in turn result in fan vibration and running instability once the stall occurs. When a fan surges, the air volume and pressure, the motor current will fluctuate sharply, which brings significantly increased vibration and noise. At the same time, the rotary blade and the shell are subject to considerable stress effects and the fan will possibly suffer from great damage. The surge will occur in the unstable zone of axial fan performance curve. The strong pulsation and periodic oscillation of the air flow will increase the noise, which is a serious damage to the fan. So an axial fan should avoid this zone in running. With two axial flow fans of the same power parallel, the mutual influence is not very great. Therefore this research will focus on the efficiency in the case of two fans with a high and a low power parallel. Stall will occur if the outside pressure is greater than the outlet pressure. Once the stall happens, the noise will increase suddenly, which will in turn result in fan vibration and running instability. When two fans parallel, i.e. when the power ratio of the parallel fans is over 5.3, the possibility of the small fan's stall is high, otherwise it is small. With regard to the running efficiency of parallel axial flow fans and the starting safety, it is better to parallel two fans, and the fans with adjustable movable vanes or frequency control or the ordinary nonadjustable fans can be used.
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Wang, Ying, Bi Ming Shi, and Chao Min Mu. "Numerical Simulation on Fire Smoke Flow with Jet Fans in an Underground Garage." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.534.
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With the aim of evaluating capabilities of a ventilation system with jet fans to control fire smoke in an underground garage, we carried out a set of FDS simulation. According to the results, temperature and soot density of fire has reduced within an acceptable range. We believe that the ventilation system based on the jet fans has indeed controlled fire smoke effectively, thereby we have enough time for safety rescue.
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Tylets, V. G., and T. M. Krasnyanskaya. "Psychological Peculiarities of Safety Concepts in Fans of Science Fiction and Detectives." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 3 (2020): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130314.
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This research is devoted to studying the views of fans of detective and fantasy media products about security in general and about the security subject in particular. It has been suggested that the preference for media products of the fantasy and detective genres contributes to the specification of representations about the security subject. The study was carried out using the semantic differential method with the participation of 400 subjects aged 18 to 22 years. Highlighted significant differences in the structure of ideas about the subject of security among fans of detective fiction and fantasy fans: if from the point of view of the first behavior and actions of the subject security must be based on a realistic assessment of the situation of danger and actualize their own resources, the main qualities of the subject security from the standpoint of the latter are flexibility of thinking, the ability to change behavior, ability to communicate with people, while maintaining the confidentiality of the received information (factor “variability”, “privacy”, “openness”). Common to both groups of subjects are such qualities inherent in the subject of safety as originality of approach to solving a difficult or dangerous situation and energy, activity of actions (factors “novelty” and “activity”). The proposed projective method of evaluating the strategies of the subject’s actions in the conditions of threat, risk and stress expands the diagnostic and predictive capabilities of security psychology.
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Kariippanon, Wilson, McCarthy, and Kõlves. "A Call for Preventing Suicide by Hanging from Ceiling Fans: An Interdisciplinary Research Agenda." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 2708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152708.
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Hanging is a common method of suicide in several countries. Even as global suicide rates decrease, there is no evidence of suicides by hanging declining. There is limited research by type of hanging, and only a few papers present suicide by hanging from ceiling fans. Our paper proposes a research agenda that will: specify the size of the problem of hanging by ceiling fan (Stage 1: Surveillance), use standard engineering product development processes to modify ceiling fans for reducing their lethal capacity (Stage 2: Design Testing and Redevelopment), and examine the resulting beta- and release-build fans for safety and potential to reduce suicide in community samples (Stage 3: Evaluation).
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Poliarush, Svitlana. "LEGAL STATUS OF SPORTS FANS IN UKRAINE." Scientific Notes Series Law 1, no. 9 (2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2020-1-9-38-43.
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The article attempts to characterize the legal status of sports fans in Ukraine using the experience of foreign countries. Attention is paid to the historical aspect of the formation of sports fans in the world. The author dwelled on the movement of football fans in the twentieth century. Based on modern research by Ukrainian scientists, a classification of certain categories of football fans is presented. The article argues that sports fans are a kind of challenge to government agencies, and sometimes to society as a whole, so the ability to work with such informal entities, where the composition is dominated by young people, is a key task of government agencies. Examples of fruitful cooperation between the state, local governments and volunteers in the form of fan projects with football fans in Germany and Belgium are given. It was stated that cooperation in Ukraine is still carried out at the level of the football club and fans. The introduction of the position of the Officer for work with football fans in football clubs is positively assessed. The specifics of the Ukrainian fan football movement are pointed out - it is strongly influenced by politics. It is emphasized that in Ukraine, so far, there is no law that would regulate the legal status of sports fans. A number of international agreements, acts of international sports organizations and Ukrainian legislative, by-laws and local regulations are analyzed in the context of clarifying the set of rights and obligations of sports fans (mostly football). It is established that the status of sports fans is determined only within the limits of achieving the goal of ensuring the safety of sports competitions. It is proposed to develop a special law in the future, which would establish the legal status of sports fans and the fan movement in general. Particular attention is paid to the clear wording of the rights of sports fans.
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Cleland, Jamie, and Ellis Cashmore. "Nothing Will Be the Same Again After the Stade de France Attack: Reflections of Association Football Fans on Terrorism, Security and Surveillance." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 6 (August 30, 2018): 454–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518797028.
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Following the attempted terrorist attack at the friendly match between France and Germany at the Stade de France on November 13, 2015, this article draws on the response of 1,500 association football fans to the threat of terrorism in the world’s most popular sport. Its primary focus was to ask fans to reflect on their own experiences of security and surveillance and what extent the attempted attack on the Stade de France will have on the management of football crowds. Drawing on the themes of surveillance devised by Michel Foucault, the results outline how some fans accept additional measures of security and surveillance as a means of protecting their safety but others resist this as overly excessive and intrusive and argue it negatively affects their match-day experience. The article concludes by reflecting on the management of football crowds given the response by fans and the changes already taking place since November 2015.
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Cheng, X., A. Wielenberg, U. Hampel, J. Starflinger, S. Gupta, A. Schaffrath, and F. Weyermann. "Summary of 3rd Sino-German symposium on fundamentals of advanced nuclear safety technology." Kerntechnik 85, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2020-850210.
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Abstract The 3rd "Sino-German Symposium on Fundamentals of Advanced Nuclear Safety Technology (SG-FANS)" took place in Xi’an, China, in 2019. Common fields of interests have been identified on both Chinese and German side, such as code benchmarking, common access to experimental facilities and joint experimental data base for nuclear safety analyses.
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Niemyi, S., and V. Brytkovskyi. "EFFICIENCY OF THE HEATING SYSTEM OF THE DRIVER'S WORKPLACE AND THE VESSEL OF THE WINDSHIELD OF BUSES." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 23 (July 1, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.23.2021.08.
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Introduction. One of the dominant areas of improvement of motor vehicles is to improve traffic safety. An im-portant aspect of bus safety is visibility from the driver's workplace, which largely depends on the condition of the wind-shield, especially the absence of fogging and frost, which often occurs at low ambient temperatures.Methodically, this problem is eliminated by blowing the windshield with warm air. Structurally, this is done by devices that, in addition to blowing the windshield, also supply warm air to the driver's workplace. Fogging and icing of the windshield significantly impair the visibility of the road driver, which is a great danger in the movement of the bus. Elimination of icing and fogging of windows provides an increase of visibility and guarantee of safety of driving.An important place is also occupied by the problem of reducing heating systems and blowing operating energy costs, improving the fuel economy of buses.Results. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the windshield blowing devices of the bus depending on their design features. As criteria in researches productivity of system blowing, its power consumption and level of noise loading of the driver are accepted.To select a fan with optimal characteristics when used in the device for blowing the windshield of buses and heating the driver's workplace, axial fans were tested. They are using in heating and ventilation systems of buses of different models. It is experimentally established that the fan of the Elko-A200-22 model (Italy) has the best characteris-tics. In the whole range of speed changes, the performance of this fan is much higher compared to other models of the tested fans, which, at the same time, have much higher specific energy consumption. In addition, the fan of this model is characterized by a lower noise level compared to fans of other models with the same outer diameters.Conclusions. Analysis of experimental data shows that the performance of the front heater with two fans and one fan is almost the same. At identical speed modes of operation, the productivity of two fans running in parallel is higher by only 3 ... 16.75%. When measuring the speed of air movement when blowing the windshield, it was found that the speed of blowing does not depend on the number of fans and depends on their performance and the diameter of the air supply hoses to the blowing nozzles.The reason for the lower efficiency of heaters with two fans is that at the outlet after the radiator, in the limited volume of the heater housing, two fans create a much greater aerodynamic drag (back pressure) than one fan.The use of one fan instead of two in the design of bus heaters reduces the electricity consumption of the bus and improves the working conditions of the driver by reducing the noise level at his workplace.
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Trivan, Dragan. "Fans club's violence as an endangering factor for the urban areas safety." Security Dialogues /Безбедносни дијалози 2 (2019): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47054/sd1920143t.
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Dixon, Kevin. "The role of surveillance in the construction of authentic football fandom practice." Surveillance & Society 11, no. 4 (November 22, 2013): 424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v11i4.4585.
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Abstract The search for the ‘authentic’ football fan has a predominant place within the sociology of football literature. This relates specifically to the scholarly conceptualisation of ‘different’ fan types as researchers have attempted to explain the evolving nature of fandom practice in light of late-modern consumer culture and perceived authenticity claims. Such conceptual approaches to football fandom are useful enough to describe alternative modes of practice and yet they do not indicate how fans interpret and monitor authenticity at a cultural level. This paper aims to address this issue by drawing on the lived experiences of football fans to uncover the importance of cultural surveillance towards perceptions of authenticity. Findings indicate that authenticity is a site of internal contestation driven by codes of expected conduct and modes of surveillance.
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Foss, Katherine A. "Death of the Slow-Cooker or #CROCK-POTISINNOCENT? This Is Us, Parasocial Grief, and the Crock-Pot Crisis." Journal of Communication Inquiry 44, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859919826534.
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Even though viewers understand that a television show is fictional, they can still mourn the demise of their favorite characters. This fictional grief became apparent with the on-screen death of the character Jack in the program This Is Us. The current study analyzed the death narrative and perceived responsibility in first and second seasons of This Is Us, paired with the online responses posted to social media and the short promotional video between the show and Crock-Pot. Findings suggest that fans experienced and expressed parasocial grief for Jack’s death on social media, attributing blame to the Crock-Pot brand. In turn, the company’s tweets and replies acknowledged and participated in the fans’ mourning rituals while reassuring the brand’s safety, ultimately aiding the brand’s public recovery. From fans’ displaced blame to the later partnership between the show and brand, labeled “#CrockPotIsInnocent,” this case demonstrates the impact of fictional media, social media engagement for parasocial grief, and a successful real-life brand recovery for a fictional crisis.
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Junaedi, Fajar, and Filosa Gita Sukmono. "Disaster Mitigation Information in Football Matches: Fans Perspective." Warta ISKI 2, no. 02 (September 15, 2019): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/wartaiski.v2i02.37.
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The study focuses on problems of disaster mitigation information in football matches and the implications to audiences’ safety. The study uses study case method. The data collection is performed using in-depth interview, observation, and literature review; and the informant selection applies purposive sampling or criterion-based selection. Informants picked are fans of PSIM Yogyakarta, Persiba Bantul, and Persebaya Surabaya who experienced disasters in the stadiums. The study demonstrates, based on fans experiences, that various factors are responsible for outbreaks in football matches, namely the absence of information on disaster mitigation, the unprofessionalism of the organizers and securities in managing possible disasters, the insufficiency of the stadium architecture to deal with disasters, and the inadequacy of medical facilities in emergencies. The way forwards which are proposed is that, firstly, stadium construction should be designed by heeding disaster mitigation consideration for the sake of individuals’ well-being in the stadium. Moreover, the organizers, including the securities, should be more professional in running the matches. Finally, appropriate facilities for preventing disasters should be provided.
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Harun, Zambri, Muhammad Saiful bin Sahari, and Taib Iskandar Mohamad. "Smoke Simulation in an Underground Train Station Using Computational Fluid Dynamic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.366.
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The design of the ventilation and fire safety systems for the Johor Bahru Sentral, a semi-underground train station, part of the Integrated Custom, Immigration and Quarantine Complex (ICIQ) is based on normal Malaysian Standards (MS), British Standards and the local fire department’s requirements. However, the large and complex space in the underground station coupled with scheduled diesel-powered locomotives which frequent the station by stopping or passing require detailed simulations. Both ventilation and the fire safety systems employ Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) methods to provide realistic balance against the typical calculations based on spread sheets and certain design software. This study compares smoke simulations results performed by the mechanical and fire consultants with the simulations carried out through this project. An assumption of a locomotive catches fire near the main platform is made. The burning locomotive is the source of the smoke while the occupants on platforms and waiting areas are the subjects to escape safely. The process of the simulation includes modelling and meshing processes on the structure of the railway station imported from Inventor CAD Autodesk software drawing. The CFD simulations are performed using Star-CCM+. The smokes flow around the building with buoyancy forces and extracted via exhaust fans. Through these simulations, we found that when a locomotive catches fire, the passengers could evacuate the building safely before the fire department machinery arrives. Furthermore, we notice that the ventilation fans activation based on detection of hazardous gases may not be efficient way to remove the latter. A schedule clean-up sync with train arrivals effectively removes toxic gas.
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Ge, Hengqing, Guang Xu, Jinxin Huang, and Xiaoping Ma. "A mine main fans switchover system with lower air flow volatility based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 2019): 168781401982928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019829281.
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A reliable ventilation system is essential for maintaining a comfortable working environment and ensuring safety production in an underground coal mine. The automated fan switchover technique was developed for changing the main fan for maintenance with lower air flow volatility of underground mine in the switchover process. This article established the optimization model in the main fans switchover process, used the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the model, and achieved minimum air flow volatility in the fans switchover process. Compared to previous studies, computer simulations have shown that the proposed algorithm can effectively find the global optimal solution with less initial parameters and achieved lower air flow volatility in underground mine. The particle swarm optimization solution, searching diversity, prevents it from confining to local optimal solutions and enhances convergence. The reasonable step length is beneficial to reduce the air flow volatility and main fans switchover time. The air flow volatility is larger comparatively when some doors are nearly open or closed fully at the start–stop phase of the switchover process. A case application in a China’s domestic coal mine shows that the air flow volatility of the underground mine in the main fans switchover process is no more than 0.4%.
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Sowier-Kasprzyk, Izabella, and S[ł]awomir Kowalski. "Safety of Sports Mass Events in the Context of Creating a Marketing Product." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0109.
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AbstractSafety as a state that gives a sense of confidence and a guarantee of its maintaining may also act as an element motivating to use a product or service, certainty of use of the product and the certainty of using the service. In the second approach, mass-specific services, including sports services related to the operation of sports clubs, are a service specific in terms of security. The entity providing them should ensure the safety of all its participants, from sportsmen to sports spectators. The aim of the article is to present partial results of research results on the relationship between the sense of safety of sports club fans and active participation in a sports event. The research covered a group of 1127 people surveyed in the first half of 2018 using a direct questionnaire on fans of sports teams and research on secondary sources.The main hypothesis is that a sporting event allows to extend a marketing offer to new segments, enrich the expanded sports product, set new pricing strategies and use promotion only when a viewer has a high sense of security. In this approach, it is security from the point of view of the customer that determines the use of a sports service, but also satisfaction, and, in the future, also loyalty.
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Ribeiro, Gabriella da Silva Rangel, Rafael Celestino da Silva, Márcia de Assunção Ferreira, Grazielle Rezende da Silva, Juliana Faria Campos, and Bianca Ribeiro Porto de Andrade. "Equipment failure: conducts of nurses and implications for patient safety." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 4 (August 2018): 1832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0547.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify equipment failures during handling by nurses and analyze the conduct of the professionals when these failures occur. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study, whose field was the intensive care unit of a public institution, and the participants were day nurses that worked providing direct care to patients. Data were produced in 2014 through systematic observation and interviews and were examined with thick description and content analysis. Results: The outcomes evinced the inadequate functioning of infusion bombs, users' errors related to the design of equipment and problems with batteries of artificial fans. These failures related to the management of equipment in the unit. Final considerations: It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring systems of safety conditions of equipment in intensive nursing care to prevent incidents.
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Zimmerman, Franklin H., Arthur E. Fass, Dina R. Katz, and Steven P. Cole. "Safety of Spectator Sports: Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses in Baseball and Football Fans." Journal of Clinical Hypertension 12, no. 10 (July 12, 2010): 816–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00342.x.
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Eisinger, F. L., R. E. Sullivan, P. Feenstra, and D. S. Weaver. "Acoustic Vibration in a Stack Induced by Pipe Bends." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1565080.
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Acoustic vibration in two stack liners located inside a stack downstream of two induced draft fans occurred at high loads. Measurements confirmed that an acoustic wave developed in the fundamental diametral mode of the cylindrical stack liners. It manifested itself as a pure tone traveling through the stack to surrounding residential areas. It was suspected that turbulent flow in the pipe bends upstream of the stack and downstream of the fans was the source of the excitation. Laboratory scale model tests confirmed that the bends indeed acted as the source. Two guide vane configurations placed inside the bends were tested experimentally. The tests showed that properly placed guide vanes would reduce the acoustic levels in the stack. The paper gives a description and evaluation of the problem.
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Das, K. K., and D. Acharya. "Optimal replacement policy for induced draft fans." Microelectronics Reliability 28, no. 4 (January 1988): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(88)90134-5.
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Wang, Yongdong, Xingbo Han, Tianyue Zhou, Zhiwei He, Feilong Tian, Zhuoqi Zheng, and Haiping Zhao. "Road Tunnel Axial Fan Performance In Situ Test: Taking Qinling Zhongnan Mountain Highway Tunnel as an Example." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (April 4, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7036538.
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Axial fans play a pivotal role in the road tunnel ventilation system. Qualified performance of the axial fan is important for both safety and air quality maintenance reasons. Axial fans performance in situ test of Qinling Zhongnan Mountain highway tunnel, the second longest road tunnel in the world, is presented in this research. Performance test items and the qualification criterion, as well as a general framework for the road tunnel axial fan assessment, are recommended. Log-Tchebycheff method is suggested to confirm the location for the measuring lines and points. The precision of the log-Tchebycheff method in air flow rate measuring is verified by comparing with the biharmonic spline interpolation fitting result. The research shows that the log-Tchebycheff method has high precision and good efficiency in the air flow rate measurement of the road tunnel air duct. What is more, the biharmonic spline interpolation fitting method can be applied to obtain a more accurate result. The number of interpolation points of the biharmonic spline interpolation fitting method should be bigger than 2000 to provide quality results.
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Kastrinos, Amanda, Rachel Damiani, and Debbie Treise. "Print to Podium: Exploring Media Coverage of 2016 Olympic Athletes’ Perceptions About the Zika Virus." International Journal of Sport Communication 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2018-0056.
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The 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, thrust potential Olympians into the midst of the unprecedented outbreak of the Zika virus. Because parasocial interaction theory purports that athletes can have tremendous influence on fans’ attitudes and behavior, particularly in the context of public health, it is important to understand how media framed athletes’ response to their risk of contracting Zika at the Games and the possibility of a global epidemic. To understand how athletes’ safety concerns were portrayed by news outlets, the authors conducted a framing analysis of articles reporting on the intersection of the Olympics and Zika published in The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Wall Street Journal, and Washington Post between January and November of 2016. This analysis revealed that media employed three main frames in their coverage of athletes: Athletes perceived the risk of Zika as small compared with potential Olympic glory, the decision to participate in the Games is an athletes’ personal choice between family and career, and athletes used Zika concerns as a convenient excuse to pull out of a troubled Games. The combination of these frames painted a contradictory portrait of athletes’ risk perception, both emphasizing and downplaying the threat of contracting the virus at the Games and an ensuing worldwide outbreak. These conflicting athlete narratives could have created uncertainty regarding the actual safety risk of the Zika virus and the Olympic Games for the fans who admire the athletes.
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Bunko, Tetiana, Maksym Shyshov, Oleksandr Bokii, Anatolii Belikov, Oleksandr Zhalilov, and Ivan Kokoulin. "Increase of energy efficiency of mine fans work on a mine vent network." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900012.
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The increase of energy efficiency of main fans (MF) work is the basic condition of perfecting the mine ventilation system. During realization of multi-fan ventilation there is the non-productive «overbalancing» of vent flow from a weaker towards more powerful ventilator which causes decline of work efficiency of both. The questions of reducing the MF mutual influence on the outgoing air flow and increasing the aerodynamic quality of vent network have been studied and considered insufficiently. It is proposed to use the method of calculating the effective MF operating conditions taking into account the mutual influence of MF and areas-users of fresh air in mine ventilation network and on the basis of criterion of estimating the MF mutual influence, which will allow to enhance the energy efficiency of mine ventilation and labour safety of subsurface miners.
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Borowski, Marek, Marek Jaszczur, Michal Karch, and Tomasz Burdzy. "Control of smoke flow using a jet-fan in an underground car park." E3S Web of Conferences 128 (2019): 10007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912810007.
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Ventilation systems are used to provide ventilation for covered car parks and to control the smoke in the event of fire. In this paper the interaction between the fire ceiling jet and the flow driven by jet-fans is studied using CFD simulations. There is a number of parameters that can affect the flow of smoke that need to be considered. To avoid mistakes, fluid flow visualisation is highly required as well as in order to directly compare the different design variants. One of the best option to make flow analysis is to performed Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations (CFD). By CFD it is possible to detailed analyse and keep control of the flow of fluid, heat transfer and other related phenomena. It also helps predict the contamination level of Carbon Monoxide, heat and smoke intensity and distribution. In this study, CFD simulations were used to design, test and compare different design of a fire ventilation system. The research drew attention to the location of jet-fan type fans. The main objective of the study was to assess the impact of jet-fans on fire and to check if it is possible to evacuate people from the garage in less than 10 minutes. The simulation results emphasize the important location of the different elements on the functionality and efficiency of a fire protection system. Due to the evacuation of people from the garage, the simulation results suggest a 10 minute safety time for evacuation. During this period, high visibility and oxygen concentration, as well as low temperature allow for rapid evacuation.
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Courtier, G. A. C., and J. A. Wild. "The development of axial flow fans for the venting of hot fire smoke." Fire Technology 27, no. 3 (August 1991): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01038450.
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GONEN, ALPER. "ENERGY SAVINGS IN AUXILIARY VENTILATION SYSTEMS OF UNDERGROUND MINES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 8, no. 10 (November 2, 2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v8.i10.2021.1055.
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Energy is a basic need for industries around the world. In recent years, electrical power costs have risen considerably and this rise is likely to continue in the future. Meanwhile, the increasing cost of ventilating mines safely and efficiently is of vital importance. Ventilation on demand has the potential to optimize electrical consumption while maintaining the safety of mines. This paper investigates the energy efficiency enhancement through ventilation on demand in underground mines by installing variable speed drives on the auxiliary mine ventilation fans to provide variable airflow control. Variable speed drives are cost effective and manageable and require low maintenance. It has been estimated that a total electrical energy saving of 324,300 kW, or 53%, can be achieved in 1 year by using variable speed drives. Therefore, it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions by 155.6 tons per year with a simple payback period of 5 months 220 days.
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Li, Xiangong, Yuzhi Zhang, Fuqi Wang, and Song Sun. "A Fault Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearing Based on Wavelet Packet Analysis and Deep Forest." Symmetry 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14020267.
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The frequent accidents caused by the main fan motor in coal mines have exposed the safety hazards of rolling bearings. When a rolling bearing fails, its symmetry is broken, resulting in a rapid decline in its safety performance and posing a great threat to the main fan. Therefore, accurate rolling bearing fault diagnoses are the key to ensuring the safe and durable operation of main fans. Thus, in this paper, we propose a new fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on wavelet packet analysis and deep forest algorithm. Firstly, experiments were conducted under different health states to guarantee the diversity of data relating to the rolling bearing’s main fan and then to ensure the accuracy of the fault diagnosis under different health states. On the basis of the collected vibration signal data, we conducted the wavelet packet analysis method to extract the characteristics of the vibration signal and obtained a feature vector that characterizes the health of the bearing. After that, the extracted feature vector was used as the feature vector of the deep forest algorithm to train the deep forest diagnosis model and determine the location and fault type of the bearing fault. Finally, the proposed method in this paper was validated with real-time monitoring data of a main ventilation fan and compared with other diagnostic algorithms, which not only verified the diagnostic capability of deep forest in handling small samples, but also verified the diagnostic capability of the fault diagnosis model. In summary, the proposed fault diagnosis approach is promising in real coal mine main fans.
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Floss, Sebastian, Felix Czwielong, Stefan Becker, and Manfred Kaltenbacher. "Micro-perforated panels for noise reduction." e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 138, no. 3 (April 21, 2021): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-021-00889-y.
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AbstractSpace limitations in duct applications, new industrial and health safety regulations require new absorber configurations. Micro-perforated panels (MPP) as used in micro-perforated absorbers (MPA) allow new sound absorber concepts in the category of metamaterials. In this contribution we investigate MPA designs for the low and mid-to-high frequency range and apply finite element (FE) simulations to precisely design absorber configurations for applications in room acoustics and axial fans. The investigations show that the MPA’s cavity configuration must be customized for the desired frequency range and has significant influence on fan performance when applied in a duct flow setup.
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YANG, SUNGJIN, NAHMKEON HUR, HONG SUN RYOU, DONG HYEON KIM, and YONG JUN JANG. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SMOKE VENTILATION IN RESCUE STATION AND ESCAPE ROUTE OF RAILROAD TUNNEL IN FIRE INCIDENT." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 20, no. 03 (September 2012): 1250011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132512500113.
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Transient 3-D numerical simulations were performed to analyze the fire safety in a long railroad tunnel equipped with the mechanical ventilation system using dampers and jet fans. The flow behaviors of heat and pollutants were investigated for various emergency operation modes of the ventilation system in a rescue station and escape route in the long railroad tunnel in case of fire. The results showed that the ventilation mode, which extracts heat and pollutants from the tunnel on fire and pressurizes the opposite tunnel, was very effective for the fire safety of the rescue station. To evaluate the ventilation efficiency of the escape route, various geometries such as connection and slope angles of the escape route were considered. The importance of the jet fan operation in the escape tunnel on the ventilation performance was also discussed in detail.
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Fotău, Dragoş, Mihai Magyari, Lucian Moldovan, and Diana Sălăşan. "Aspects regarding the specific tests applicable to electric motors with type of protection increased safety „e”." MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134204001.
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Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level. Most of the equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres is represented by electric motors, which in most situations act on various other elements (e.g. pumps, valves, fans etc.). Even if electric motors for explosive atmospheres are designed and manufactured following some of the same principles as the ones used for other electric machinery, they have certain particularities related to their field of use. Thus, a series of specific restrictions and tests are required to be considered in their case. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of the specific tests for electric motors with type of protection increased safety „e” designed to be used in explosive atmosphere.
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Agamy, Said, Adul Metwally, Mohammad Al-Ramady, and Sayed Elaraby. "A RELAP5 model for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of a typical pressurized water reactor." Thermal Science 14, no. 1 (2010): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1001079a.
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This study describes a RELAP5 computer code for thermal-hydraulic analysis of a typical pressurized water reactor. RELAP5 is used to calculate the thermal hydraulic characteristics of the reactor core and the primary loop under steady-state and hypothetical accidents conditions. New designs of nuclear power plants are directed to increase safety by many methods like reducing the dependence on active parts (such as safety pumps, fans, and diesel generators ) and replacing them with passive features (such as gravity draining of cooling water from tanks, and natural circulation of water and air). In this work, high and medium pressure injection pumps are replaced by passive injection components. Different break sizes in cold leg pipe are simulated to analyze to what degree the plant is safe (without any operator action) by using only these passive components. Also station blackout accident is simulated and the time response of operator action has been discussed.
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Zhuang, Yizhou, Hao Ding, Guoping Zheng, Youkai Cui, and Yan Huang. "Study on Ventilation System Linkage Control Strategy in a Double-Hole Tunnel Fire." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 21, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5163632.
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In order to prevent smoke from flowing backward and penetrating into adjacent tunnel through cross channels during evacuation in case of fire accidents in highway tunnels, it is extremely necessary to implement the linkage control scheme for double-hole tunnel ventilation system. Therefore, six linkage control schemes for ventilation system are proposed in this article. Firstly, these six schemes were numerically simulated through Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to obtain the flow velocity, flow direction, and smoke distribution under different schemes when the peak power of fire accidents is 30 MW. And two better schemes were selected for further investigation based on the evacuation conditions in the upper stream of fire source. Secondly, a 1 : 10 scale model experiment was conducted to test these two schemes, and the results from numerical simulation and model experiment were compared and verified. Finally, the location of fire accident, the time to develop stable opposite airflow, and the number of open cross channels were analyzed to confirm the applicability of the recommended scheme. The results show that the optimal scheme is to switch on the fans in the upstream of the fire accident and the fans on both sides of the cross channel in the non-fire tunnel to form positive pressure to control the smoke flow. This scheme ensures a stable and uniform smoke flow in the cross channel and personnel’s safety during evacuation.
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Venter, Philip, and Martin van Eldik. "Booster Bearing Failure Reduction Through a Novel Thermodynamic Analysis." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 22, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-021-01295-4.
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AbstractThe gas booster station of a steel works has experienced excessive bearing failures since commissioning over two decades ago. This station was designed with redundancy, allowing for automatic switch-over between two gas booster fans. Bearing failures were observed, on average once every 15.7 days, with instances where both fans experienced simultaneous downtime. Booster failures resulted in regular station downtime, preventing Coke Oven Gas (COG) transport to an end user. This flammable by-product is used as a heat source and all unutilized volumes are flared, resulting in energy wastages. Furthermore, the absence of COG increases Natural Gas (NG) usage, procured at a cost. Traditional root cause analysis techniques failed to identify the cause of these excessive bearing failures. However, multiple in-depth data analysis studies resulted in a thermodynamic investigation, exposing liquid and solid particles within the COG to be responsible for the failures. This allowed for the design of an in-line particle collector, eliminating excessive failures. Following the particle collector installation, only two strategic bearing changes took place over the next 41 weeks, with reduced bearing vibration levels compared to before. The station experienced no failure downtime during this period, resulting in reduced COG flaring and thus improved energy utilization.
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Testa, Alberto. "The All-Seeing Eye of State Surveillance in the Italian Football (Soccer) Terraces: The Case Study of the Football Fan Card." Surveillance & Society 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v16i1.6796.
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The football (soccer) stadium in Italy has been, since its origin, not only a ludic space but also a symbolic setting that has often reflected national socio-political issues such as the country’s north/south economic and political divide, the existence of organized crime, the promotion of radical political ideologies, and, concomitantly, racism and homophobia. In such a milieu, the spectacle of football can suddenly shift to symbolic and factual violence. One of the main tools of the complex Italian counter hooliganism model (CHM) is the Tessera del tifoso, a compulsory fan ID scheme adopted in 2009 to curb football spectator violence. This paper attempts to systematically evaluate this scheme for the first time, adopting as its conceptual frame Giorgio Agamben’s concepts of the state of exception, bare life, the (concentration) camp, and dispositivo (apparatus). It is argued that the Tessera del tifoso serves as a most prominent example of a CHM based on a permanent state of exception manifested by an increase in State surveillance, control, and regulation of fans’ lives with potential implications for their civil liberties and freedom.
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Song, Seung-Hun, Jong-Rae Cho, and Jin-Seong Park. "Verification of structural integrity and cooling performance of DRCS cabinet in power plant." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 9 (September 2020): 168781402095463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020954630.
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The digital rod control system (DRCS) is an important component in nuclear power plants. Thus, the structural integrity of the isolation cabinet of the DRCS should be verified, considering the seismic loading and cooling performance of the heating source of electric equipment. In general, the structural safety and functionality of the DRCS are verified through ground excitation and flow experiments. Numerical structural analysis and CFD analysis provide preliminary assessments of dynamic behavior and temperature distribution of the cabinet in order to establish guidelines for designing experiments. This also reduces time, cost, and design cycles involved in the experimentation. Response spectrum analysis was adopted in ANSYS for seismic analysis, which gives the peak response of the structure. The analysis was performed based on required response spectra (RRS), which envelop the floor response spectra (FRS). The maximum stresses are less than the allowable stresses, and the deflections meet the requirements. Electric equipment should operate within a limited temperature range for acceptable reliability. In the direct heat removal approach, six fans are installed as heat sink and air is forced through the heat sink by the fan. The cabinet and internal modules should be designed such that adequate ventilation with the fans is provided to maintain the temperature difference between the inside and outside within 5°C. Flow and thermal analyses were carried out by a CFD program, Icepak. As a result of this analysis, the number and the capacity were determined to meet the design requirement.
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Pedzisai, Nemerai, Edmore Nhamo, and Simbarashe Magonde. "Football Spectator Violence During Matches at the Zimbabwe Football Association Division One Level in Gweru District." International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Health Research 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/sportmed.3105.
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Background: A number of football matches in Gweru district have been characterised by undesirable acts of spectator violence resulting in injury and malicious damage to property. Football spectator violence is a very negative phenomenon in football because it chases away sponsors who do not want their organisations and brands to be associated with hooliganism. Violence also discourages spectators from attending football matches as they fear for their safety. This status quo precipitated the need to identify football stakeholders’ perceptions on the causes of spectator violence during football matches at Division One level in Gweru District. Aims: The primary aim and focus of this study was to investigate spectator violence among football spectators in Gweru district in Zimbabwe. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify the main causes of football spectator violence and recommend strategies to mitigate or even eliminate this scourge. Study Setting: The study was conducted in Gweru district in the midlands province of Zimbabwe. Materials and Methods: The study adopted the quantitative research approach utilising the descriptive survey design. Closed questionnaires were used to collect data from, twenty division one footballers from four Gweru division one football clubs, twenty spectators, six football referees and four coaches. This resulted in a total sample of fifty (50) respondents. Simple random sampling (Gold Fish Bowl procedure) was used to select the twenty players and six referees. Purposive sampling was used to select the four coaches and twenty football spectators. Statistics: Data was analysed statistically using simple frequency tables. Results and Conclusion: The study revealed that spectator violence during football matches at division one level in Gweru is mainly a result of hooliganism, controversial refereeing, lack of fair play by footballers in the field of play, outcome of matches, rivalry between clubs and euphoria. Factors such as use of juju, prestige seeking by spectators and reporting of violence by the media were found to be minor contributors towards football spectator violence during football matches in Gweru district. Recommendations: The study recommends that the Zimbabwe republic police who provide security during these violent matches should tighten security at football matches by searching all fans thoroughly for dangerous weapons and alcohol at stadia entry points. ZIFA and PSL should educate all football clubs on the negative effects of violence and punish offending teams severely. The clubs should educate their fans to shun violence. Sponsors should include funds in their sponsorship packages for purposes of educating fans on violence. Soccer players should lead by example and avoid provoking other team’s fans
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Gaspar, Pedro Dinis, L. C. Carrilho Gonçalves, and R. A. Pitarma. "Detailed CFD Modelling of Open Refrigerated Display Cabinets." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/973601.
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A comprehensive and detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) modelling of air flow and heat transfer in an open refrigerated display cabinet (ORDC) is performed in this study. The physical-mathematical model considers the flow through the internal ducts, across fans and evaporator, and includes the thermal response of food products. The air humidity effect and thermal radiation heat transfer between surfaces are taken into account. Experimental tests were performed to characterize the phenomena near physical extremities and to validate the numerical predictions of air temperature, relative humidity, and velocity. Numerical and experimental results comparison reveals the predictive capabilities of the computational model for the optimized conception and development of this type of equipments. Numerical predictions are used to propose geometrical and functional parametric studies that improve thermal performance of the ORDC and consequently food safety.
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Fotău, Dragoş, Marcel Rad, and Diana Sălăşan. "Considerations regarding the specific tests applicable to electric motors with type of protection flameproof enclosure „d” and type of protection increased safety." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500021.
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The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of the specific tests for electric motors with type of protection flameproof enclosure „d” and type of protection increased safety „e” designed to be used in explosive atmosphere. Most of the equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres is represented by electric motors, which in most situations act on various other elements (e.g. pumps, valves, fans etc.). Even if electric motors for explosive atmospheres are designed and manufactured following some of the same principles as the ones used for other electric machinery, they have certain particularities related to their field of use. Thus, a series of specific restrictions and tests are required to be considered in their case. In order to verify explosion protection, the representative samples made available by explosion-protected equipment manufacturers are tested under the most unfavorable conditions that may occur in operation.
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MAKAROV, Nikolay, Vladimir MAKAROV, Alexander UGOLNIKOV, and Mikhail NOSYREV. "Parameters justification and highly economical fan installations creation for air cooling devices." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2022-14-1-117-125.
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Introduction. Sustainable development of regions with high subsoil use demands performance improvement in gas cooling at compressor stations of main gas pipelines and environmental safety. Low energy prices specified the design parameters of gas transmission units throughout the boost of the gas industry. Therefore, the crucial task is to enhance the economic efficiency of main gas pipelines. One of the most energy-intensive units here is the cooling system of transported gas, which enables the reduction in operating costs. Gas air-cooling units used for cooling transported gas flow have spread significantly being notable for their increased energy output. Simulation methods of fan system parameters in gas air cooling units are assuming great importance in a rapidly globalizing world depending on their specific speed. Research objective. This study aims to develop a simulation model and guidelines on the construction of fans with high specific speed comparable cost-effectively to industrial fans. To support business objectives it is essential to specify the principles of cost-efficiency variation from that of specific speed, the influence of geometric and kinematic parameters, to conduct an experimental investigation to verify the results. Materials and methods. The research was based on a hypothesis for the consistency of the ratio between the pressure loss in a fan and the specific energy of transferrable air. Aerodynamic efficiency was accepted as a criterion for a fan local efficiency in order to determine the dependency of fan cost-effectiveness against its specific speed. Basic equations of fluid mechanics and theory of optimization were used as research mathematical tools. Results and discussion. In this study, we have established the influence pattern of the structural elements of a fan air duct and its geometrical parameters on the efficiency over a wide range of alterations of specific speed. We have obtained a mathematical model of correlation between geometrical and kinematic parameters of fans and their cost-effectiveness in a function of specific speed and residual flow swirl. The study has proved that it is essential to improve the aerodynamic quality of impeller airfoils and reduce the aerodynamic drag of air duct elements with the increase in specific speed of fans to extend their cost-effectiveness. Conclusion. The research described in this paper confirms the commercial importance of utilizing fans in air-cooling units according to aerodynamic configurations with a single wheel “K” and high specific speed ny ≥400, as far as they provide the highest possible aerodynamic efficiency at minimum weight dimension characteristics. The paper shows the capability of designing aerodynamic configurations of fan units of high specific speed ny ≥ 400 with the efficiency ≥ 0,85 where ԑy ≤ 0,2 achieves aerodynamic efficiency of impeller sections К ≥ 25. It has been established that the optimal region of theoretical pressure coefficient of fan units with a specific speed 380≤ny≤450 is located in the range 0,02<ΨТ <0,08. We have determined that when the aerodynamic drag coefficient of an air duct of a fan unit is equal to ԑy ≥ 1,2, its efficiency declines by more than 25 percent relative to ԑy ≤ 0,1. The authors have designed an aerodynamic scheme and produced an industrial prototype of a fan unit OGM VU 2.7-1.2 K3 with OV- 121TOH airfoils.
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Saukon Kamalul Husna, Anif, Desriyanti Desriyanti, and Rhesma Intan Vidyastari. "Air Temperature Control System In Silent Generator Box." JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 5, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeeeu.v5i2.1556.
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For the community, generators are an alternative if there is a power outage or if there is a large enough electricity demand. According to workers in the field of generator rental in Trenggalek, namely "db Genset" which has the address Ds. Gondang, Kec. Tugu, Kab. Trenggalek, there are 2 types of generators, namely open generators and silent generators, and most people choose silent generators because silent generators are specially designed to muffle engine noise so they don't cause noise, very suitable for use in active environments, but silent generators often experience temperature problems rise (Overheating) which is due to a closed engine and less smooth air circulation. Thus the cooling system on the generator set is needed to support the safety of the temperature on the silent generator so that it remains normal below 70°C which is important to minimize overheating problems in the silent generator, so that it can improve the performance of the generator to work for a long time without any problems. overheating. The design of the Temperature Control System in this Silent Genset Box uses Arduino Uno as a system controller and uses the Ds18b20 sensor, the engine temperature cooling process previously relied on radiator water and radiator fans, so the idea arose to add blower fans on both sides of the silent generator box, marked with a green temperature light indicator. being below 70°C indicates the temperature inside the box is normal, the blue light indicator indicates the temperature inside the box is in the 70°C to 95°C temperature range, fan 1 is on, the red light indicator indicates the temperature in the box is in the 95°C to 120°C temperature range, fans 1 and 2 are on, and the red light indicator indicates the temperature in the box is in the temperature range of 95°C to 120°C if the temperature reaches 120°C the generator engine will turn off indicating the temperature in the box maxsimal fan 1 and 2 remain on until the temperature decreases to 40°C, and every change in temperature will send a notification via SMS to the generator operator
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Shashenko, Olexander, Nataliia Khoziaikina, Vladyslava Cherednyk, and Maryna Pashkevych. "Energy-Saving Technologies of the Coal Seams Development." Advanced Engineering Forum 25 (November 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.25.11.
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In the production cost structure of a coal, which is extracted underground, more than 30 percent is the electricity cost. This is the consumption of electricity by the main fans of mine ventilation, mining and mechanisms that are used in the construction of underground excavations.The geomechanical problem of estimating the permissible width of the safety structure (pillar) in a longwall during the mining of a horizontal laying coal seam is given and solved and taking into account the economic expediency of reused a haulage drift. The mining-geological and mining-technical conditions of coal reserves mining in the Western Donbass at the mine "Samarskaya" are considered, which is accepted as a characteristic object of research.The task was solved in a complex way on the basis of a generalization of in situ and numerical experiments on digital models using the RS2 software complex of the Canadian company Rocscience.Dependencies of a residual sectional area of the re-used excavation on the width and the constructive flexibility of the protective structure are obtained.A technological clearance between the safety structure and the roof rock negatively effects on excavation stability reducing the residual sectional area and should be minimized.
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Masłowski, Patryk. "Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa w sporcie w odniesieniu do wybranych zadań oraz statusu prawnego polskiej agencji antydopingowej." Acta Iuridica Resoviensia 35, no. 4 (2021): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/actaires.2021.4.18.
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Ensuring safety in sport is one of the most important aspects influencing the general social positive perception of this sphere of everyday life. The term of the aforementioned safety should be understood as preventing the possibility of any risk arising in relation to fans as participants of e.g. mass sports events and athletes who, by using illegal doping in sport, not only commit fraud and at the same time violate the principle of fair play, which is fundamental to sport, as well as risk the loss of health and even life due to the medical risk of illegal doping. On the basis of the Act on Combating Doping in Sport, which entered into force in 2017, the Polish Anti-Doping Agency (POLADA) has become the main entity responsible for combating this negative phenomenon, whose organizational structure and powers correspond to the global standards that have been developed by the World Anti-Doping Agency through its effective activities. Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). This article discusses selected aspects of doping in sport, as well as the legal status and tasks of the Polish Anti-Doping Agency.
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Verda, Vittorio, Romano Borchiellini, Sara Cosentino, Elisa Guelpa, and Jesus Mejias Tuni. "Expanding the FDS Simulation Capabilities to Fire Tunnel Scenarios Through a Novel Multi-scale Model." Fire Technology 57, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 2491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-020-01081-y.
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AbstractComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used to simulate tunnels and partially substitute on-site tests. As technology advances, new application opportunities appear; some examples are the optimal operation of ventilation and emergency systems, risk assessment of tunnels and training of the operators. Even when the computational capacity of computers has grown, CFD is still constrained by the large amount of computational resources needed in long tunnels. This introduces a need for methods able to reduce the amount of time required for simulations. To face this need, a novel 1D–3D multiscale model is presented in this paper. The model incorporates the code Whitesmoke into FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) through a direct coupling. Whitesmoke manages the fluid dynamics, temperature and concentration of species in the 1D portion, while FDS calculates these fields in the portion where fire occurs. Using this multiscale model, the computation time for long tunnels is reduced, proportionally to the 1D length in the domain. Also, additional simulation capabilities particularly useful for tunnel analysis are obtained. Some new characteristics are pressure boundary conditions can be easily imposed at the tunnel portals or at the ventilation shafts; the characteristic curves of the fans/jet-fans can be included, also considering the degradation effects due to smoke propagation; the piston effect can be properly considered. Our research verifies most of its capabilities, also clarifying its limitations and the criteria used to set the domain for the analysis. As a final step, the model is tested in a tunnel with a cross section of 4.8 m and 600 m of length with a 2 MW fire, comparing its performance with a full 3D FDS simulation. The difference in temperature and velocity is minimal for most of the domain, making It a good way to optimize resource usage in large simulations. Furthermore, the multiscale manages to reduce the computational time of more than a 50%.
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Grandinetti, Justin Joseph. "Welcome to a New Generation of Entertainment: Amazon Web Services and the Normalization of Big Data Analytics and RFID Tracking." Surveillance & Society 17, no. 1/2 (March 31, 2019): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i1/2.12919.
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The 2017 partnership between the National Football League (NFL) and Amazon Web Services (AWS) promises novel forms of cutting-edge real-time statistical analysis through the use of both radio frequency identification (RFID) chips and Amazon’s cloud-based machine learning and data-analytics tools. This use of RFID is heralded for its possibilities: for broadcasters, who are now capable of providing more thorough analysis; for fans, who can experience the game on a deeper analytical level using the NFL’s Next Gen Stats; and for coaches, who can capitalize on data-driven pattern recognition to gain a statistical edge over their competitors in real-time. In this paper, we respond to calls for further examination of the discursive positionings of RFID and big data technologies (Frith 2015; Kitchin and Dodge 2011). Specifically, this synthesis of RFID and cloud computing infrastructure via corporate partnership provides an alternative discursive positioning of two technologies that are often part of asymmetrical relations of power (Andrejevic 2014). Consequently, it is critical to examine the efforts of Amazon and the NFL to normalize pervasive spatial data collection and analytics to a mass audience by presenting these surveillance technologies as helpful tools for accessing new forms of data-driven knowing and analysis.
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Runge, Jason, Radu Zmeureanu, and Mathieu Le Cam. "Hybrid short-term forecasting of the electric demand of supply fans using machine learning." Journal of Building Engineering 29 (May 2020): 101144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101144.
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Ma, O. John, Ronald G. Pirrallo, and Jonathan M. Rubin. "Survey of Medical Services at Major League Baseball Stadiums." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00042151.
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AbstractObjective:To analyze the availability and level of medical services for fans at major league baseball games in the United States.Methods:A 10-item questionnaire was sent to the operations managers of each of 28 major league baseball stadiums. The survey was distributed in cooperation with a major league baseball club. Telephone follow-up was used to complete missing responses. The survey addressed five areas of fan medical services: 1) health-care provider availability and compensation; 2) advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) capabilities, including equipment; 3) presence of on-site ambulance(s); 4) fan fatalities; and 5) alcohol consumption limitations.Results:Survey response was 100%. Healthcare providers are on-site at all stadiums: nurses (86%), physicians (75%), emergency medical technicians (EMTs, [68%]), and paramedics (50%). Ninety-six percent use a combination of health-care providers. The most common medical teams are nurse + EMT + physician (25 %) and nurse + EMT + paramedic + physician (18%). All health-care providers receive some form of compensation. All stadiums have at least one ACLS-certified provider; 96% have ACLS equipment. Ambulances are on-site 75% of the time. Sixty-eight percent of the clubs reported at least one fan fatality through the 1992 and 1993 seasons (mean 1.1, range 0–4). All clubs limit alcohol consumption; 96% use multiple approaches. The various approaches include: 1) specific inning discontinuation (86%); 2) maximum purchase (68%); 3) restricted sale locations (64%); and 4) crowd conduct (57%). Advertisement for responsible alcohol consumption is displayed at 75% of the stadiums; designateddriver programs exist at 46%.Conclusions:All major league baseball clubs provide medical services for fans. Furthermore, almost all stadiums have ACLS capabilities. Responsible alcohol consumption also is a recognized priority for fan safety.
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Primorac, Damir, and Marko Pilić. "Sigurnost i zaštita na nogometnim utakmicama i ostalim sportskim priredbama prema rješenjima konvencije Vijeća Europe CETS br. 218." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 56, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2019.56.132.401.
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Encouraged by the violent behavior of certain football fans in Brussels at Heysel Stadium on 29 May 1985, the Council of Europe European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at Football Matches i.e. Convention no. 120 (CETS no. 120) which entered into force on 1 November 1985. Convention no. 120 retained its original features until 2013 when the Council of Ministers concluded that it was outdated and that it was not in line with the experience gained since the entry into force. Consequently, the Standing Committee decided to draft a new text of the Convention and it resulted with Convention no. 218 (CETS no. 218) i.e. Council of Europe's Convention on an Integrated Safety, Security, and Service Approach at Football Matches and Other Sports Events. Safety measures, security measures and measures in the area of services, as a key part of Convention No. 218, aim to create a safe and secure environment at all sports events. An integrated approach to safety and security requires coordination at the international, national and local levels, and emphasizes the importance of effective co-operation with the police, emergency services and other partners not only in terms of guaranteeing physical security but also in preventing discriminatory and racist behavior. The importance of establishing a national football information point has also been established as a key mediator in the exchange of information on football matches with an international character as well as for the international cooperation of state bodies essential for the safety and security at football matches. Reasons for the emergence of Convention no. 218 is not only in the prevention of violent behavior at sporting events and in improving safety and security, but also in further development and better coordination of international cooperation in the prosecution of perpetrators of such inappropriate acts.
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Zhao, Yanjie, Li’an Chen, and Rui Qiao. "Temperature Field Simulation and Structure Improvement of 12kV Switchgear." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2179, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2179/1/012010.
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Abstract Aiming at the heating problem of 12kV switchgear, the model of its main circuit module was established and simplified. Then, the temperature field and airflow field were simulated by finite element analysis software ANSYS. Besides, the distribution of temperature and airflow in the circuit breaker room was analyzed respectively and the heat dissipation structure of the switchgear was improved. Finally, two axial fans were installed at the top of the switchgear and the ventilation hole was designed at the bottom. The simulation results showed that this method can accelerate the air convection and reduce the temperature rise effectively. With the continuous increase of distribution network capacity, switchgear would have overheating problem during the long-term operation. If this problem cannot be solved, it would affect its insulation performance and even cause safety accidents. This study provides a reference for the design of switchgear and solves its overheating problem.
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Mohamad Sharaf, Iman, and Ghada El-Sawah. "Optimization of an automated smoke control system in an industrial atrium." International Journal of Petrochemical Science & Engineering 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ipcse.2019.04.00099.
Full textAbstract:
Pool fires are the most common hazard in many industrial applications. Therefore, automated fire control systems and occupational safety design codes and procedures are of major importance in industrial building systems design. Smoke is the main factor that causes deaths and casualties in fires. Thus, fire safety engineering (FSE) considers smoke management system as one of the most important factors. In this study, smoke generation during pool fire is numerically simulated to optimize the smoke management system. The smoke and temperature distributions inside a mechanically ventilated atrium are simulated using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) transient model after initiating a diesel pool fire in the worst case scenario. Four numerical models are simulated and their results are compared to choose the model that optimizes smoke control. The models enable better approximations of the underlying physical phenomena in smoke transport for a single phase gas mixture. A velocity field approach is predicted using a turbulent standard k-ε model to study the domain with smoke plume. The ability to demonstrate and predict the flow field inside the atrium while the roof exhaust fans are operating is also investigated. The study aids in smoke management systems' design and helps to better understand of smoke plume behavior inside large spaces.