Journal articles on the topic 'Fan violence'
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Ward, Russell E. "Fan violence." Aggression and Violent Behavior 7, no. 5 (September 2002): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(01)00075-1.
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Braun, Robert, and Rens Vliegenthart. "Violent Fan Fluctuations: A Diffusion Perspective to Explain Supporters' Violence." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.14.1.ym98977767701322.
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In this article, we address the question of how diffusion mechanisms predict the level of violence among soccer fans. We embed possible causes of violent fan behavior in a theoretical framework of diffusion, as social movement scholars deploy it to study other instances of collective violence. Four possible diffusion explanations are examined: social status of transmitters (both other fan-sides as well as soccer players), status similarity of adopter and transmitter, direct ties as captured by geographical distance, and indirect ties as measured by media coverage. These explanations are tested for the occurrence of violence around soccer matches in the Netherlands during the period 2001-2005. We employ a pooled complementary log-log analysis of fourteen teams over two hundred match weeks and control for repression, city size, and several match characteristics. We find considerable evidence for three of the four proposed explanations and demonstrate that aggressive play on the pitch, hooliganism by fan-sides with similar status, and media coverage are significant explanatory factors for the evolution of fan violence.
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Lewis, Jerry M. "A Protocol for the Comparative Analysis of Sports Crowd Violence." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 4, no. 2 (August 1986): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708600400211.
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This paper develops a protocol for the comparative analysis of the violent sports crowds. It argues that the study of fan violence should be theoretically informed and methodologically grounded. It describes the primary and secondary sources that can be used in the study of sport fan violence particularly when the investigator is not present when the violence happens. The paper begins with a review of Neil J. Smelser's model of collective behavior. It argues that the determinants of collective behavior proposed by Smelser are useful for analyzing fan violence. It is suggested that scholars should approach fan violence with a triangulation strategy. Triangulation is developed using primary and secondary sources. The sources include site visits, personal interviews, newspaper stories, photographs, and police documents. Studies from the United States and England are used to illustrate the protocol.
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Newson, Martha. "Football, fan violence, and identity fusion." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 4 (September 18, 2017): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217731293.
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Football violence has been a global problem for decades. A new way to approach the phenomenon comes from the theory of identity fusion, an extreme form of social bonding implicated in personally costly pro-group behaviours. Using British and Brazilian fan cultures to illustrate, this article discusses the ways in which identity fusion can help understandings of football violence. While hooliganism in the UK and the phenomenon of torcidas organizadas in Brazil operate under culturally distinct loci, the fundamental cognition underlying the extreme behaviours exhibited by both may be remarkably similar. Through this discussion, the football landscape is shown to offer researchers unique opportunities for understanding culture and the human psyche more broadly.
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Aguirre, B. E. "Sports Fan Violence in North America." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 37, no. 2 (March 2008): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610803700235.
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Spaaij, Ramón, and Alastair Anderson. "Soccer Fan Violence: A Holistic Approach." International Sociology 25, no. 4 (July 2010): 561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580909351328.
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Sweeney, Kristi, Megan Schramm-Possinger, Elizabeth A. Gregg, and Harriet Stranahan. "Predicting Consumer Commitment: A Case Study of the NFL and Ray Rice." Case Studies in Sport Management 5, no. 1 (2016): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2015-0048.
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This case explores the potential implications of the National Football League’s (NFL) domestic violence problem. The purpose of this case study is to introduce students to logistic regression analysis. The case uses this method to address if the NFL’s Ray Rice domestic violence scandal will impact consumer behavior and loyalty toward the league. Given the significant role loyalty and retention has on profitability, the case investigates whether the Rice incident influenced fan decision-making, paying close attention to female consumers. The framework of analysis considers fan perceptions of the Ray Rice domestic violence scandal and the league’s response as potential deterrents of NFL game attendance and consumption of league media. Students will consider a variety of predictors, such as gender, age, and fan perception of the league’s domestic violence problem, in an attempt to yield insight into the possible influence of the Rice events on the commitment level of NFL fans. This case study is intended for use in research methods and assumes knowledge of regression analysis. However, in the event an instructor does not wish to run a logistic regression analysis, descriptive statistics could be used to detect patterns of responses that illustrate variance in fans’ perceptions of how consumer behavior may be affected by domestic violence issues.
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Arboleda-Ariza, Juan Carlos, and Margarita Maria Velez Maya. "Construction of violence in football: psychologization of the fan." Quaderns de Psicologia 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1330.
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Johnson, Poe. "Playing with Lynching: Fandom Violence and the Black Athletic Body." Television & New Media 21, no. 2 (October 17, 2019): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476419879913.
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This article traces the parallel development of lynching culture and the fandom surrounding the black athletic body. While only recently have fan studies scholars started to theorize the relationship between racism, sports, and fandom activity, their shared history goes back to at least Jack Johnson, the first black boxer to win the heavyweight championship. From this first encounter with the black athletic body, sports fans with white supremacist leanings have employed lynching iconography and rhetoric to discipline athletes who challenged the general perception of how a public black figure out to behave. I argue that not only is racialized fan violence directed toward black athletes a common occurrence, but that the logics of lynching culture are deeply and perhaps irrevocably intertwined with those of sports fandom writ large.
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Mrsevic, Zorica. "Fans and sport events’ audiences as victims of violence induced by sport." Temida 18, no. 1 (2015): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1501075m.
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The paper analyzes causes and mechanisms of victimization by sports violence, as well as the typology of victims and those responsible actors of sports violence. The aim of the paper is to point out, through an analysis of the individual situations of ritualized sports violence, that the suffering of victims of sports violence comes in the system of ritualized forms of relations and behaviors related to sport and organized fan groups, as well as that the victims are the most numerous among fans and the audience. The paper provides an overview of different types of sports violence rituals that result in victimization of individuals or groups.
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Hwang, Geumchan. "Crisis in Sport: A Sport Fan’s Perception Toward Sport Celebrity Scandals." International Journal of Crisis Communication 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2019.03.01.1.
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The purpose of the study was to examine how sport fans differently perceive on-field scandals and off-field scandals. To examine sport fans’ perceptions toward four types of on-field scandals (doping, match-fixing, embezzlement, and misuse of inside information) and four types of off-field scandals (sexual misconduct, violence/criminal charge, alcoholism/drug abuse, and illegal gambling), 128 samples were collected from sport management students in Midwest areas in the United States using online survey. The results of the study revealed participants perceived violence/criminal charge and sexual misconduct as the most deteriorate scandals. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the fan perceptions toward on-field scandals and off-field scandals. Finally, there was a significant mean difference of fan perceptions toward scandals between on-field scandals and off-field scandals. That is, fans’ negative perceptions toward on-field scandals were higher than those of off-field scandals. This study contributes to understanding how sport fans negatively perceive sport celebrity scandals and why sport organizations should consider developing an effective communication strategy. Keywords: Crisis, scandals, fan perception, on-field, off-field.
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Young, Kevin. "Standard Deviations: An Update on North American Sports Crowd Disorder." Sociology of Sport Journal 19, no. 3 (September 2002): 237–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.19.3.237.
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This paper examines the view that there is no serious fan violence in North America. North American sport has shown a stubborn resilience in maintaining its “squeaky clean” image despite the fact that fan disorders occurred throughout the twentieth century, continue to show signs of consistency and institutional patterning, and have prompted extensive measures from sports officials, police, and authorities. The paper explores nature and extent issues, the varied responses by the authorities, preliminary explanatory approaches, and the possibility that a particular style of media coverage may have contributed to misunderstandings about the phenomena. Characterizing the ongoing fascination in the sociology of sport with a variety of forms of violence done by and to athletes as appropriate but unbalanced, the paper recommends a revival in research momentum on North American sports crowd disorder which remains a socially significant but understudied topic.
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Gordon, Brian, and Jeremy Arney. "Investigating the negative fan behaviors of a branded collegiate basketball student section." Journal of Amateur Sport 3, no. 2 (July 25, 2017): 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v0i0.5714.
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Branded collegiate student sections (e.g., the Cameron Crazies at Duke University) have been identified as the most committed supporters of the team. The marketing benefits of these groups have been documented yet the potential negative consequences have gone unexplored in the literature. This study aimed to understand what types of behavior fans in this context engaged in, why they engaged in these actions, and attempts to link some of these observations to relevant theory on fan violence. A multiple method design was employed in order to obtain both breadth and depth of the phenomenon as well as for data triangulation. Ten members of a large, collegiate basketball fan group participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews and extensive fieldwork of the fan group was conducted over the course of a season. Finally, 197 members of the same college basketball fan group responded to a survey questionnaire. The results of this study indicated there are negative consequences linked to the behavior of members of the branded student section. University officials should be aware of the potential danger of these branded student sections and strengthen relations and authority over these groups to minimize the likelihood of negative fan behavior.
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Cottingham, Marci D. "Interaction Ritual Theory and Sports Fans: Emotion, Symbols, and Solidarity." Sociology of Sport Journal 29, no. 2 (June 2012): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.29.2.168.
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The study of sport spectatorship has an increasing focus on the importance of fandom beyond fan violence. Fundamental to understanding fan behavior are the meaningful rituals and emotions experienced by fans. In this paper, I use the theoretical work of Randall Collins to examine the ritualistic outcomes of collective effervescence, emotional energy, and group symbols and solidarity among sport fans. I illustrate these concepts using case study data from participant observation of fans of a U.S. football team, the Pittsburgh Steelers, and content analysis of news articles. I extend Collins’ interaction ritual (IR) theory by taking the group as the unit of analysis and analyzing group solidarity beyond situational interactions and typical sport settings, including the significant life events of weddings and funerals. While critiquing Collins’ (2004) a priori portrayal of sports fans, the analysis advances IR theory, improving its utility for understanding sports fan behavior.
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Reyhan, Servet. "Football in Turkey from 1960 to Present Day: Unpreventable Violence." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 9 (June 27, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i9.4351.
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This study seeks to investigate the issue of violence in football in Turkey from 1960 up to present day along with incidents, riots and stampedes that occurred related to violence in football. The study was conducted considering three main periods, which are from 1960 to 1980, 1980 to 2000 and finally 2000 and today. The reason why these particular periods were chosen was that each period had its own characteristics related to football-related violence and other aspects that affected it. To collect data, 15 members of fan groups were interviewed related to the football-related violence. Furthermore, the study took into account not only physical aspect of violence but also social and psychological aspect of it. Findings revealed that Turkey has been a country where football-related violence has never been completely prevented due to reasons such as coups, coup attempts, political issues, social behaviors shaped by these political issues, regulations and media considering these periods. And based on the participant opinions, it was found that main actors responsible for the violence are top officials in the football federation, politicians and media. As a result, football-related violence remains to be a major problem in football games not only on the pitch but also off the pitch.
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Sorek, Tamir. "The Palestinian Flag Is Back." Israel Studies Review 34, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2019.340307.
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This article reexamines my argument published in 2007 regarding the apolitical character of Arab soccer fans in Israel. Until recently, explicit political protest and expressions of Palestinian national identity have remained outside the stadium. For most Arab fans, soccer was an opportunity to display common ground with Jewish citizens. Displaying Palestinian nationalism was considered to be endangering the potential for rapprochement. However, over the past decade the barriers that blocked political protest from entering the stadium have been ruptured. Several interrelated factors are suggested as explanations for this shift: multiple cycles of escalated violence in the region, a wave of anti-Arab legislation, the globalization of fan culture, the model of a politicized soccer fan provided during the Arab Spring, and the emergence of social media.
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Guo, Hengchuan, Baoluo Liu, and Zhen Yang. "Machine Learning-Based Emotion Factor Analysis of Sport Fan Community." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (May 14, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2674987.
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Football is one of the most popular sports in the world. As the popularity of football continues to grow worldwide, so does the number of incidents of violence on the pitch. Today, doping, match fixing, black whistles, and football hooliganism are ranked as the four most toxic aspects of sport. How to study the factors that cause aggressive behaviour of fans from a psychological perspective has become a key issue in the field of sports. Therefore, this study proposes a method for mining the psychological factors of sport fan community members based on machine learning clustering. Firstly, three different members of a large fan community, i.e., university students, office workers, and unemployed people, are used as research subjects to investigate the psychological factors influencing fans’ aggressive behaviour using a questionnaire method. Secondly, the data obtained were mined and analysed using the K-means clustering algorithm in machine learning techniques. At the same time, a K-means initial clustering centre optimization algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA) was proposed for the data characteristics of the interaction of psychological factors. The results show that the new algorithm significantly improves the quality of clustering compared with other optimization algorithms and accurately identifies the multiple factors that contribute to the occurrence of fan attacks.
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Nepomuceno, Thyago Celso Cavalcante, Victor Diogho Heuer de Carvalho, Lúcio Camara e. Silva, Jadielson Alves de Moura, and Ana Paula Cabral Seixas Costa. "Exploring the Bedouin Syndrome in the Football Fan Culture: Addressing the Hooliganism Phenomena through Networks of Violent Behavior." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 6, 2022): 9711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159711.
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The Bedouin syndrome represents social interactions based on four premises: a friend of my friend is my friend, a friend of my enemy is my enemy, an enemy of my friend is my enemy, and an enemy of my enemy is my friend. These extensive associations exist in many social and economic relationships, such as market competition, neighborhood relations, political behavior, student gangs, organized crime, and the violent behavior of sports spectators (hooliganism) worldwide. This work tests the Bedouin syndrome hypothesis considering the violent behavior in the football fan culture. We construct relational networks of social affinities to represent the social interactions of organized fan bases (Torcidas organizadas) involved in hooligan violence in Pernambuco, Brazil. Contrary to prior expectations, the results evidence no statistical support for the Bedouin syndrome in 13 of the 15 analyzed clubs. There is weak statistical support in two interactions and strong statistical support in one interaction to state that a friend of my enemy is my friend (instead of an enemy). The only support for the Bedouin syndrome is circumstantial based on a prior assumption of an alliance. We propose a network development that can be more suitable to represent football fans’ violent behavior. The results contribute to understanding the hooliganism social phenomenon in football-rooted cultures and their impact on public health, identifying potential determinants for organized violence by young spectators’ and supporting police strategies by defining relevance scores for the most potential clashes and coalitions of gangs.
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Hewitt, Jerry, Minkil Kim, Kwangho Park, and Inhae Park. "The Influence of Brutal Violence and its Impact on Fan Motivation in Mixed Martial Arts." International Journal of Human Movement Science 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23949/ijhms.2020.12.14.2.3.
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Ziaul Haq, Mochamad, and Andhika Yudhistira. "The Roots of Violence in the Rivalry between Football Club Fans and Supporters Using the ABC Triangle Theory of Johan Galtung." TEMALI : Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial 5, no. 2 (November 14, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jt.v5i2.21200.
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Sport is universal, loved by many people in almost all countries worldwide. As a sport that can be played by many people from all walks of life, football has the potential to be a sport capable of bringing about a spirit of unity and solidarity in a society. However, football can sometimes spark conflict and violence. Excessive football enthusiasm can lead football fans and supporters to become anarchistic and assault individuals who support other teams. This can result in material damages, injuries, and even the loss of life. This essay will examine football fanaticism and football fan violence. Using the ABC conflict triangle theory introduced by Johan Galtung, researchers will analyze how attitudes, behaviors, and contradictions that fans and supporters of football clubs own can trigger football fanaticism and violence. The researchers concluded that these three factors played a role in the outbreak of violence, coupled with other factors such as educational level and socio-economic conditions. The researcher believes that the government, through football organizations, can play a role in suppressing football fanaticism and preventing violence from occurring before, during and after football matches are held. As the core and main part of football, fans and supporters of football clubs must be self-aware and try to be more rational, calm, and not easily provoked to make football a sport that truly unites and is full of solidarity.
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Nugroho, Bhakti Satrio. "‘Firearming’ Fairytales: NRA and Gun Culture in American Fan-Fiction." J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jes.2022.3.2.6061.
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Gun issue becomes one of the most polemic issues in the United States alongside racism. Regardless, the last major gun control legislation to make it into law was the assault weapons ban in 1994 as part of a larger crime-related bill approved during Bill Clinton presidential period. After the assault weapons ban expired, American society is threatened by the increasing numbers of gun violence issue such as mass shooting and gun homicide. In this case, NRA involvement is vital towards gun culture in the United States. As non-profit organization, NRA has influential lobbying for any policies towards gun policies. Thus, this paper discusses the dissemination of gun culture on NRA family website www.nrafamily.org. In 2016, Amelia Hamilton rewrote two Grimm’s fairytales “Little Red Riding Hood (Has a Gun)” and “Hansel and Gretel (Have Guns). Since gun becomes commodity, these NRA versions of fairytales can be analyzed as part of consumer manipulation by using consumer capitalist theory. Thus, this analysis shows that those fan-fictionalized fairytales consist of two main aspects: gun as protector and gun culture as common culture in the United States. It embraces the rationalization of gun ownership’ in the United States despite its lethal consequences.
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Kavanagh, Emma, Chelsea Litchfield, and Jaquelyn Osborne. "Sporting Women and Social Media: Sexualization, Misogyny, and Gender-Based Violence in Online Spaces." International Journal of Sport Communication 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 552–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2019-0079.
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This study investigated gender-based violence targeting high-profile women in virtual environments through the case of women’s tennis. Using a netnographic approach and the lens of third-wave feminism, 2 popular social media platforms (Facebook and Twitter) were analyzed to examine social commentary and fan interaction surrounding the top-5-seeded female tennis players during the Wimbledon Tennis Championships. Athletes were exposed to violent interactions in a number of ways. Four themes were identified through data analysis: threats of physical violence, sexualization that focused on the female physical appearance, sexualization that expressed desire and/or proposed physical or sexual contact, and sexualization that was vile, explicit, and threateningly violent in a sexual or misogynistic manner. Findings demonstrate how social media provides a space for unregulated gender-based cyberhate targeting high-profile women in their workplace in a way that traditional sport media does not.
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Taylor, Ian. "Putting the Boot into a Working-Class Sport: British Soccer after Bradford and Brussels." Sociology of Sport Journal 4, no. 2 (June 1987): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.4.2.171.
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This paper presents an account of the two disastrous events that occurred in the final month of the 1984-85 season of the English Football League: the lethal fire at the stadium of Bradford City and the fan violence at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels on the occasion of the 1985 European Cup Final between Liverpool and Juventus. Some 57 people died in the Bradford fire, and 38 people (mainly supporters of the Italian champions, Juventus) died in Brussels. The two connected purposes of this paper are (a) to interpret and to challenge the conflation of these two, quite different, events in the government enquiry into the Bradford fire, as well as in the ongoing discourse of the mass media, and (b) to provide a critical rebuttal of the increasingly confident and influential writings of radical right journalists and “intellectuals” as to the meaning of soccer violence in Britain in the late 1980s.
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Fernández-Gómez, Jorge David. "Advertising or Devil´s names." Comunicar 10, no. 20 (March 1, 2003): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c20-2003-26.
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Advertising is undoubtedly considered the worst speech act in the contemporary mass media cultural context: manipulator of conscience, creator of needs, fan of lies, abettor of sex and violence... Has advertising really got such a great influence in termsLa publicidad es sin duda el discurso peor considerado del entramado mediático cultural contemporáneo: manipulador de conciencias, creador de necesidades, aficionado a la mentira, incitador de sexo y comportamientos violentos. ¿Es realmente tan influyente la publicidad de cara a la manipulación de los individuos? Este trabajo pretende acercarse a este problema y aclarar si es justa la condición demoníaca que se le presupone al discurso en cuestión.
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Fulconis, François, and Gilles Pache. "Football passion as a religion: the four dimensions of a sacred experience." Society and Business Review 9, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-09-2013-0064.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that football as a sacred experience is often raised, but has never led to an argued approach. Professional football (soccer) is a genuine societal phenomenon, both through the medias’ interest they cause and through the financial stakes that are related to it. It is common to read that football, through the passions it unleashes, for example in terms of tribal violence, has become a type of religion, with its believers (the fans) and its place of worship (the stadiums). Design/methodology/approach – The authors reviewed the literature, research reports and electronic documents on professional football practices to understand the religious dimension of fan passion in Europe (ritualism, collective beliefs, using of totemic objects, etc.). Findings – The paper suggests a reading grid of religions, founded on four interdependent dimensions (the Community, the Law, the Way and the Experience) and applies it to professional football by underlying its relevance in the singular context of sports show. Originality/value – Beyond well-known economic stakes, the paper clarifies the football passion from a religious perspective and identifies the main pillars of the fan conversion process according to a heteronomous logic.
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Testa, Alberto. "The All-Seeing Eye of State Surveillance in the Italian Football (Soccer) Terraces: The Case Study of the Football Fan Card." Surveillance & Society 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v16i1.6796.
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The football (soccer) stadium in Italy has been, since its origin, not only a ludic space but also a symbolic setting that has often reflected national socio-political issues such as the country’s north/south economic and political divide, the existence of organized crime, the promotion of radical political ideologies, and, concomitantly, racism and homophobia. In such a milieu, the spectacle of football can suddenly shift to symbolic and factual violence. One of the main tools of the complex Italian counter hooliganism model (CHM) is the Tessera del tifoso, a compulsory fan ID scheme adopted in 2009 to curb football spectator violence. This paper attempts to systematically evaluate this scheme for the first time, adopting as its conceptual frame Giorgio Agamben’s concepts of the state of exception, bare life, the (concentration) camp, and dispositivo (apparatus). It is argued that the Tessera del tifoso serves as a most prominent example of a CHM based on a permanent state of exception manifested by an increase in State surveillance, control, and regulation of fans’ lives with potential implications for their civil liberties and freedom.
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Dimitrov, Roumen. "Gender violence, fan activism and public relations in sport: The case of “Footy Fans Against Sexual Assault”." Public Relations Review 34, no. 2 (June 2008): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.03.002.
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Valantinė, Irena, Ingrida Grigaliūnaitė, and Lina Danilevičienė. "IMPACT OF BASKETBALL FAN BEHAVIOUR ON THE ORGANIZATION’S BRAND." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 1, no. 104 (2017): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v1i104.17.
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Background. In recent years sports industry has been growing fast, changing trends forced organizations to be creative and look for different ways to increase the competitiveness. Sport has become a business that meets all key management principles (Paul, 2003). In order for an organization to be profitable it is important to have good governance and effective marketing to attract new customers (Fillis & Mackay, 2014), in sports – fans that create added value for the clubs (Zagnoli & Radicchi, 2010). Some authors argue that fans are not only consumers, but also co-creators of the final product (Richelieu & Pons, 2011). The objective of this work was to measure the impact of basketball fan behaviour on the brand of sport organization. Methods. To measure the impact of basketball fan behaviour on the brand of sports organization methodological triangulation was used in the study. The research consisted of 3 stages: questionnaire (Sandanski, Slavchev, & Draganov, 2016), semi-structured interviewing I and semi-structured interviewing II. The study was partly conducted during the Erasmus+ Sport project “Fans Against Violence”. In Lithuania the aforementioned project was conducted by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation in the partnership with association “Aktyvistai”. 240 basketball fans from 5 different Lithuanian basketball clubs participated in the survey, 4 representatives from different basketball clubs and 4 fan leaders from different sport clubs were interviewed. Results and conclusions. The majority of basketball fans that participated in the survey were men aged 20–24 years (25.8%) and attended basketball matches by the guidance of hedonistic will (13.5%). The same men became basketball fans encouraged by other fans (25%). The strife between fans from different basketball teams goes from generation to generation and the main reason of aggressive behaviour is provocative actions from opposite fans (15%) and alcohol consumption (11.4%). While alcohol consumption is considered to be one of the main reasons to encourage fans’ aggression, only a small percentage of the respondents were strongly against the use of alcohol (7%). Summarizing all the results that were received during a semi-structured interviewing II it can be stated that the behaviour of the fans not only affects the brand of a basketball club, but is the main factor that impacts the brand of the club.
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Londoño-Galeano, Diego, Juan Carlos Arboleda-Ariza, and Gabriel Prosser Bravo. "Violence from the point of view of the spectator: habitus of the amateur, the fan and the supporter." Quaderns de Psicologia 22, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1533.
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Brechbühl, Alain, Annemarie Schumacher Dimech, Olivier N. Schmid, and Roland Seiler. "Escalation vs. non-escalation of fan violence in football? Narratives from ultra fans, police officers and security employees." Sport in Society 20, no. 7 (August 16, 2016): 861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2016.1221932.
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Kurz, R. "Bridgend “Bebo Internet Suicide Cult” and ritual violence in Wales." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s888—s889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1803.
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IntroductionIn a small South Wales town 17 teenagers seemingly committed suicide through hanging in 2008 triggering national media coverage. In the same region, several “Satanist” offenders were successfully prosecuted since.ObjectivesThis paper raises awareness of this “suicide epidemic” and its possible links to ritual violence ideologies.AimsThe research explores how “mind control” through secret societies can lead to suicide and murder.MethodsThe research was prompted by client disclosures of a crime series that lead to a false “delusional” diagnosis. Review of the sparse literature and media coverage was used to ascertain themes.ResultsColin Batley, a self-styled Satanist high priest, was sentenced for child sexual abuse alongside 4 others. His son Damien had died through aspiration when filming himself in a “sexual stimulation game”.Ian Watkins, disgraced singer of “The Lost Prophets”, was sentenced for abusing two babies provided by two “super-fan” mums. Peaches Geldorf tweeted their names, got a tattoo of O.T.O, a Satanist “kinky sex” group and was found dead a year later.Albert and Carole Hickman were sentenced for sexually abusing an 11-year-old including “sucking blood”.Matthew Williams cannibalised his victim before being killed with a police taser.Conclusions“Hanging” and “Over-dosing” could be the result of suicide or of “being suicided”. The abuse crimes of all three Satanists convicted in the last 15 years in UK courts occurred in South Wales. Associated violent death in the vicinity of the cases and authority irregularities suggest the operation of an “Organised ritualised crime abuse network” posing challenges for psychiatry.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Bleakley, Paul. "Football hooliganism, the death drive and Millwall fandom as symbolic masochism." Journal of Fandom Studies 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jfs.6.3.225_1.
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Despite their reputation for violence and hooligan behaviour, south-east London’s Millwall football club has sustained a strong fan base thanks significantly to the siege mentality that has developed around its supporters. This siege mentality is fuelled largely by the antipathy of wider society; by undertaking a Freudian analysis of Millwall fandom as it was during the zenith of the club’s notoriety in the 1970s and 1980s, it is possible to view this collective persecution complex as a manifestation internalized masochism described in the philosopher’s ‘death drive’ theory. Combined with a Lacanian interpretation of the death drive, it is possible to perceive Millwall fandom as a form of symbolic masochism, explaining to some degree the continued support for a team treated in a consistently pejorative manner.
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Masanet, Maria-Jose, Pilar Medina-Bravo, and Joan Ferrés. "Myths of Romantic Love and Gender-based Violence in the Fan Forum of the Spanish Teen Series Los Protegidos." YOUNG 26, no. 4_suppl (January 23, 2018): 96S—112S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308817748432.
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Abado, Abraham Lubem, and Ogaba Solomon Isenyo. "A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RELIGION AS A TOOL FOR VIOLENCE BY STATE AND NON-STATE ACTORS." Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal) 2, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/she.v2i2.9506.
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There's no gainsaying that the negative dimensions and the influence of various religions on humanity today is worrisome because most religions if not all, preaches peace, Justice and Equality, yet, same religions are used to fan embers of disunity amongst the people of our world. As seen in the various extremist attacks going on in our contemporary societies. Looking at the rise of various religious sects against one another and the society in general, some disturbing questions come to mind; ''What is the very essence of religion? If religion preaches peace, what then, is the interplay between religion and violence? In an attempt to answer these questions, hence the birth of this research. The research uncovered that the very foundations in which most religions for example Islam and Christianity was built have been perverted over time due to human selfish desires. The research however recommends that there's a need for all State and Non-state Actors to properly trace back to the very essence and foundations on which each religion was built to enhance the culture of religious tolerance amongst various religious sects.
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Michaud Wild, Nickie. "The active defense of fanfiction writing: Sherlock fans’ metatextual response." European Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549418790453.
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In 2013, Sherlock fans were incensed when journalist Caitlin Moran surprised the show’s actors at a press event by having them read a piece of fanfiction aloud without telling them first what they would be reading. This was clearly done to make fun of fan writing. They took to social media to express their opinions, which included the idea that they were tired of women and minority groups being made fun of for their passionate engagement with cultural products. Themes of queerbaiting, symbolic violence, double standards, and critiques of misogynistic and heteronormative processes were inherent in their conversations about the incident on Tumblr. They characterized the mockery as typical of exclusionary social institutions that characterized them as irrational individuals. This article examines how they responded back with a metatextual commentary to attacks from without, which allowed them to validate their practices to each other.
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Gimlin, Debra. "Uncivil Attention and the Public Runner." Sociology of Sport Journal 27, no. 3 (September 2010): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.3.268.
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While violence among the fans of competitive sports has received much scholarly attention (e.g., Elias & Dunning, 1986; Giulianotti, 2005), far less has been written about aggression targeted at community athletes like public runners. Yet accounts of such harassment figure prominently in runners’ own narratives. This article explores the phenomenon of runner harassment through these accounts and my own experiences as a long-time public runner, drawing first from the literature on fan aggression and second, from sociological work concerning behavior in public places more generally (e.g., Gardner, 1980, 1995; Goffman, 1963). It argues that jogger harassment can be understood in relation to the particular bodily form that running takes—that is, to the sweating, disheveled, panting body of public running—which both violates rules of public vs. private bodily display and signals an unacceptable degree of “involvement” (Goffman, 1963) in the activity and, ultimately, the self.
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ACHONDO, LUIS. "Musical Messaging: The Social and Anti-Social Affordances of WhatsApp in the Football Culture of the Latin American Southern Cone." Twentieth-Century Music 19, no. 3 (October 2022): 517–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572222000329.
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AbstractArgentine, Chilean, and Uruguayan hinchas (soccer or football supporters) cheer for their teams primarily through contrafacta of popular music. Until recently, chants were mainly composed in stadiums and other physical spaces of fan socialization. However, the increasing dominance of the messaging app WhatsApp has altered these sociomusical relations. Drawing on ethnographic work, I argue that the messaging app has fostered both sociality and anti-sociality within and between fanbases. Hinchas employ its creative affordances to digitally decentre creativity from individuals through the distribution of inventive tasks between different people. However, WhatsApp also contributes to football violence by intimately spreading hate memes, aggressive chants, and videos of torture, among other forms of violent media. In illustrating that the messaging app can immerse and infect subjects in both productive and destructive relationalities, this article ultimately underscores the social and anti-social potentialities of viral media and digital technologies.
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Shubham Pandey. "Representation of Women in Game of Thrones: Sensational or Realist." Creative Launcher 7, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.4.11.
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This paper intends to work on the portrayal of women in the television adaptation of George R. Martin’s epic fantasy novel, A Song of Ice and Fire. It is a medieval drama loosely based on the War of the Roses. The show has a huge fan base that includes people from all age groups, cultures, and nations. But at the same time, it has been strongly criticized for its explicit sexual violence, misogyny, and objectification of women. Elaina Docterman of TIME magazine wrote that the show has a “woman problem” and there are some hard-to-watch scenes of rape and sexual torture of women. Naked women have been objectified and used as props and critics have lashed out against the gratuitous nudity on the show, dismissing it as a lure to keep viewers hooked by providing exposition against the backdrop of sex and nudity.
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Gardner, Robert W. "Asian Immigration: The View from the United States." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 1 (March 1992): 64–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100104.
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Between the 1965 immigration law and 1990, Asian immigration to the United States increased tenfold to a quarter of a million annually. As sender of the most immigrants, Japan has yielded to the Philippines, South Korea, Vietnam, India, and China. From 1974–1989, over 900,000 Southeast Asian refugees entered the United States. Most Asians today are admitted in the family preference category. On average, the sex ratio is balanced, but over 55% of immigrants from South Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan are female. Asians are occupationally diverse, with a greater number of professionals/executives (35%) than laborers (14%). Though relatively few in number, Asians concentrate geographically (notably in California) and exert growing political influence in those areas. Except for refugees, Asians are generally viewed as having a positive impact as students and workers. On the other hand, inas much as they contribute to ethnic diversity, they fan the current fears over threats to a common American cultural heritage. Anti-Asian hate crimes and interethnic violence have risen. Asian immigration is likely to continue to rise and show greater emphasis on employment preference categories.
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Kuvaja, Miira, and Pia Olsson. "Stadi Derby and the Securitization of Urban Public Space." Ethnologia Fennica 48, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23991/ef.v48i1.88915.
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Stadi Derby is a local football match played in Helsinki, Finland appreciated for its atmosphere and excitement. Simultaneously, the negative characteristics connected to the international football fan culture have become familiar also to those living in the capital area and especially in the surroundings of the stadium. The threat of violence is visible e.g. in the media coverage reporting about the derby. All this has also effect on the way the city dwellers experience the urban public space. In our article, we ask what kind of discourses can be found concerning the relationship between Stadi Derby and the right to public space and what kind of consequences i.e. reactions these discourses create among those city dwellers not involved in the football culture. In order to understand the ways these events and the media coverage over them have effect on urban dwellers we apply securitization theory. We look for speech acts from the media coverage and analyse the ways people respond to these speech acts through material produced via Facebook and a focus group interview. The division between insiders and outsiders to the football culture is clear: The outsiders feel distress, even fear, in consequence of media materials.
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Anderson, Lauren C., and Arthur A. Raney. "Exploring the Relationship Between Sports Fandom and the Black Criminal Stereotype." Communication & Sport 6, no. 3 (June 29, 2017): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479517713152.
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In news media, one stereotype that has continually been perpetuated is the overrepresentation of Blacks as criminals, leading to what many refer to as “the Black criminal stereotype.” Although research suggests that distorted portrayals of criminals in news affect social reality judgments regarding race and crime and provoke stereotypical responses in viewers, limited evidence exists that connects these effects to sport media. However, recent instances involving issues related to race and crime in sport have prompted us to consider the prevalence of a Black criminal stereotype among sport fans. With increased media attention given to off-field transgressions—particularly, violent ones perpetuated by high-profile Black athletes—we are left wondering how such attention may influence fans’ attitudes and beliefs. We explored these issues in an experimental study ( n = 234). Our findings not only revealed evidence of a Black criminal stereotype among sports fans but also that sports fans differ from nonfans in basic attitudes and beliefs about crime and violence in sport. More specifically, the more a participant claimed to be a fan of sports and (more so) combative sports, the more she or he viewed an athlete charged with domestic abuse in a favorable light.
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SILALAHI, YOSEPH NETANYAHU, and Mastiadi Tamjidilllah. "PENGARUH VARIASI SUHU DAN MEDIA PENDINGIN PADA PROSES PACK NITRIDING MATERIAL SUS 630 TERHADAP NILAI KEKERASAN DAN STRUKUR MIKRO." JTAM ROTARY 3, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v3i1.3429.
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This research investigates the application of material engineering techniques on Stainless steel SUS 630 so that it not only has good resilience and resistance to corrosive properties but also has hard properties on its surface. In an effort to improve the quality of violence on the surface, among others, by surface hardening technique, one of which is a heat treatment technique by adding nitrogen elements to the surface of a material called the nitriding pack process. The nitrogen source in the pack nitriding process comes from urea (CO(NH2)2) with a nitrogen content of 46%. Parameters for controlling this study using variables by applying temperature variations (4200C, 4700C, 5200C, 5700C, 6200C) and cooling media (inside the furnace, room temperature, and with fan) with a holding time of 2 hours. To evaluate this study microstructure testing, diffusion layer testing and micro hardness testing were carried out. From the results of the test it was found that there was no significant transformation of the microstructure shape when comparing with raw material, the optimal value of diffusion layer was in the cooling furnace with a temperature of 6200C with an average of 4.57 μm and white layer 0.53 , the highest hardness was at 6200C with cooling in furnace media which has a value of 80.9 HRN.
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Halan, Liubov. "Soviet stadium as a space of competition of official and informal models of behavior on the example of Kyiv (1950–1980)." NaUKMA Research Papers. History 5 (December 28, 2022): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-3417.2022.5.47-54.
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The article considers the peculiarities of the strategies of behavior of fans in Soviet stadiums in the postwar period. On the example of the city of Kyiv and the “Republican” stadium, an analysis of the competition between officially permitted, acceptable models of behavior and alternatives to them, which took place during football matches, is conducted. The Soviet stadium during football matches was a kind of point of “inaccessibility” for the authorities. Watching matches at the stadium was accompanied by a more intense public display of emotions, in contrast to other sports spectacles (for example, a physical culture parade).Before the start of «perebudova» and the announcement of “glasnist”, the official press kept silent about the real situation in the stadiums and the scale of the conflicts that arose after the matches. Also, it ignored any unusual forms of manifestation by fans of their football-related identity (for example, a march of spectators through the city after the match). Violence in stadiums, “incorrect behavior” (such as insulting football players, songs with obscene language) could not be part of the official Soviet spectator culture. The deconstruction of the image of the “good” fan created by Soviet propaganda and its comparison with the materials of oral historical interviews leads to the conclusion that the practices of Soviet fans in and out of the stadium on the day of the match undermined the government’s monopoly on the city.The widespread popularity of football in the Soviet Union and its widespread discussion contributed to the construction of fan communities, the identity of which was formed by opposing the support of “our” against “foreign”, hostile teams. The principled nature of football matches for interested Soviet citizens turned the review of games at the stadium into a place of emotional demonstration of the fans’ identity. Violations of public order, collective “celebrations” or demonstrations of dissatisfaction with the results of the game, spontaneous marches from the stadium after the match became part of the unconscious resistance to the established models of “correct behavior”.The context of “perebudova”, the lack of prepared reaction of law enforcement officers led to the escalation of the conflict and, in fact, to the actual and symbolic appropriation of urban space by Kyiv fans during the clashes.
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Barollo, Célia Regina, Fernando Antônio Cardoso Bignardi, Jussara Meyer Osielski, and Carmela Maria Vieira Pedalino. "Violent behavior patterns: possible homeopathic remedies." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 7, no. 22 (December 28, 2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v7i22.257.
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The authors discuss violence as a current epidemics and violent behavior in children and adolescents. They present a repertory study including the characteristic and peculiar symptoms of 12 patients, with clinical diagnoses of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and the symptoms corresponding to the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV transcribed in repertory language. The result is a materia medica for patterns of violent behavior. Keywords: Violent behavior, homeopathy, children and adolescents, ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder.  Padrões de conduta violenta: possíveis medicamentos homeopáticos Resumo Os autores abordam a violéncia como epidemia contemporânea e estudam a conduta violenta em crianças e adolescentes. Apresenta-se uma análise repertorial, incluindo os sintomas característicos e peculiares de 12 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAHI), Transtorno de Conduta e Oposicional Desafiador, e os sintomas correspondentes aos critérios diagnósticos no DSM-IV transcritos em línguagem repertorial. O resultado é uma matéria médica para padrões de conduta violenta. Palavras-chave: Comportamento violento, homeopatia, crianças e adolescentes, TDAH, Desordem de conduta, Transtorno Oposicional Desafiador.  Modelos de conducta violenta: posibles remedios homeopáticos Resumen Los autores abordan la violencia como epidemia contemporánea y estudian la conducta violenta en niños y adolescentes. Se presenta un análisis repertorial, incluyendo los síntomas característicos y peculiares de 12 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de Trastorno de Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAHI), Trastorno de Conducta y Oposicional Desafiador, y los síntomas correspondientes a los criterios diagnósticos en el DSM-IV transcriptos en lenguaje repertorial. El resultado es una materia médica para modelos de conducta violenta. Palabras-clave: Comportamiento violento, homeopatía, niños, niñas y adolescentes, TDAH, trastorno de conducta, trastorno de oposición desafiante.  Correspondence author: Célia R. Barollo, crbarollo@ajato.com.br; http://www.nephsp.org How to cite this article: Barollo CR, Bignardi FAC, Osielski JM, Pedalino CMV.Violent behavior patterns: possible homeopathic remedies. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited YYYY Mmm DD]; 7(22):7-21. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/257/341. ÂÂÂ
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Klugman, Matthew, and Francesco Ricatti. "‘Roma non dimentica i suoi figli’: love, sacrifice and emotional attachment to football heroes." Modern Italy 17, no. 2 (May 2012): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.665289.
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Italian football is renowned as much for the passion of its spectators as it is for the quality of its players, yet these spectators are understudied. Those studies that have been conducted have generally focused on the problems of violence and racism associated with some of the more extreme supporters, the so-called ultras. This paper aims to complement that research by analysing a different aspect of the passions of Italian spectators, namely the emotional ties they create with particular players upon whom they confer a special, hero-like status. Our interest lies not in questioning the legitimacy of this status, but rather in looking at what the history of these emotional attachments reveals of the football supporters themselves, and of their relationship to the football club they support. This paper focuses on the intense relationship supporters of Associazione Sportiva Roma have had with two key players: Agostino Di Bartolomei and Francesco Totti. Drawing on a large body of texts including graffiti, newspapers, talkback radio, popular accounts and internet fan forums, along with psychoanalysis and classical mythology, the authors trace the way each of these players was granted a specific heroic status that evolved and changed over time, and how the passions they provoked became part of the ever transforming culture and identity of Rome. In particular we explore how the tales and cultural texts devoted to football players can reveal something of the emotional worlds and experiences of a city's inhabitants, and the way local memories and identities are remembered, retold and forgotten through passionate engagement with the football players who represent them on the broader national and international stage.
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Anwar, Miftahulkhairah, Fachrur Razi Amir, and Zulfa Yuniarti. "INTERPRETING IMPOLITENESS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF SHORT STORY “SORE”." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8134.
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Purpose: In this short story, the author describes the experience of a man as an online motorbike driver. What is interesting to observe is the use of language between online driver and his three consumers, especially in terms of politeness in language. Implicitly, this short story illustrates the relationship between politeness in language with other factors outside of language, namely technological sophistication and power. Therefore, this research attempts to analyze the language impoliteness in the short story by title “Sore”.
Methodology: In this article used the descriptive qualitative method. The data source comes from the "Sore" short story taken from the Facebook fan page. The descriptive method is carried out in several stages, namely the stage of data collection, data analysis stage, and data presentation stage.
Main Findings: The study shows that the short story by title “Sore” containing about 60% of impolite utterance and about 40% is polite utterance. Language impoliteness found in this short story mostly trigged by utterance that does not obey the principles of tact maxim, generosity maxim, and sympathy maxim. This impoliteness is characterized by diction having negative connotations, sentences using the direct command, coercive sentences, accusative sentences, derogatory sentences, derogatory sentences, abusive sentences, arrogance sentences, and physical violence.
Applications: This research applicable used as the model in understanding or interpreting language impoliteness in a text.
Novelty/Originality: This short story show that language politeness is no longer merely determined by age and gender. This short story shows the relationship between the sophisticated technology, power, and religiosity with language politeness. The more the high the technology, the more the lack of the politeness of the language. Using the sophisticated technology which is not accompanied by spiritual
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González Calleja, Eduardo. "Actores, recursos y objetivos: una propuesta de taxonomía de la violencia política subversiva." Folia Histórica del Nordeste, no. 32 (October 31, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/fhn.0323499.
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<p>Tras revisar los más notorios intentos de clasificación, el texto propone un esbozo general de tipología de la violencia política subversiva que sea posible contrastar empíricamente con algunos de los rasgos teóricos básicos de las teorías de la acción colectiva. Se plantea la incidencia de tres elementos constitutivos de esa acción: la organización específica de los protagonistas, su movilización de recursos simbólicos y materiales y los objetivos rupturistas que persiguen. Los diversos entrecruzamientos de esos tres factores genéricos contribuyen a la explicitación de las distintas estrategias de violencia política subversiva, pero esas combinaciones formales no resultan suficientes para caracterizarlas plenamente, ya que es preciso tener en cuenta el contexto sociohistórico que incide en la aparición, difusión y declive de las distintas experiencias de acción colectiva violenta.</p>
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Kończak, Jarosław. "An image of a woman in a sports advertisement." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.05.016.
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Introduction. In 1987, sport was known in the literature as an area representing a traditional male power, strength and violence. In 2020, women's sport became recognized as the mainstream, which only confirmed similar conclusions made over the past years. One of the challenges in the area of sport over the next years was women’s sport activation and reaching them through sponsorship communication. This has been facilitated, inter alia, by the development of women's sport and its marketing potential.
The study aims to present the image of a woman in marketing communication based on sports motives. The selected aspects subjected to analysis will help to define the role of women in advertising sports communication and verify the declarations of the companies that achieve their goals using this level of communication. Another aim is to investigate whether the belief in the feminization of sports fandom and involvement of women in the fan culture finds confirmation in advertising.
Method. The author has analysed selected TV, cinema and internet advertising campaigns (audio-video format) containing sports accents. Communications of 1,270 films representing 254 brands was analysed. The analysis covered seven different areas: characters, image and product advertising, share of sports disciplines, sports accessories used, the woman’s attitude, an area of the sports involvement, and the values presented.
Results. The analysis allowed to obtain an image of a woman being aware of her strength, who can derive great joy from sport. She believes that this is an important and popular area which has a beneficial effect on health and guarantees a shapely figure and great fun. She is a woman being aware of a number of values that come with sport, as she can see how much she benefits in the spiritual, physical and emotional dimensions. However, she feels her emotions much more often through the way to success and fighting for the position of a leader rather than cheerleading.
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Cheers, Brian, Margaret Binell, Heather Coleman, Ian Gentle, Grace Miller, Judy Taylor, and Colin Weetra. "Family violence." International Social Work 49, no. 1 (January 2006): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872806059401.
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English A study in an Australian Aboriginal community identified a new way of knowing family violence, locating it in the historical context of colonization, oppression, dispossession, disempowerment, dislocation and poverty. A community development approach to addressing family violence was developed based on this understanding and the strengths of the community. French Cette étude menée au sein d'une communautéaborigè ne d'Australie détermine une nouvelle fac¸ on d'appréhender la violence familiale en situant le problè me dans le contexte historique de la colonisation, de l'oppression, de la dépossession, de la déresponsabilisation, de la dislocation et de la pauvreté. Cette compréhension du phénomè ne a permis d'élaborer une approche de développement communautaire pour contrer la violence familiale, qui fait aussi appel aux forces de la communauté. Spanish Un estudio en una comunidad australiana aborigen identificó una nueva manera de entender la violencia doméstica, localizá ndola en el contexto histó rico de colonizació n, opresió n, desposesió n, falta de poder, desplazamiento y pobreza. Se desarrolló una metodología de desarrollo comunitario basado en este nuevo entendimiento y en las cualidades positivas de la comunidad.
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Fink, Brandi C., Breannan C. Howell, Sarah Salway, James F. Cavanagh, Derek A. Hamilton, Eric D. Claus, and Madeline E. Frost. "Frontal alpha asymmetry in alcohol-related intimate partner violence." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz101.
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Abstract Electroencephalographic (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has been associated with differences in the experience and expression of emotion, motivation and anger in normal and clinical populations. The current study is the first to investigate FAA in alcohol-related intimate partner violence. EEG was recorded from 23 distressed violent (DV) and 15 distressed nonviolent (DNV) partners during a placebo-controlled alcohol administration and emotion-regulation study. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 was used to evaluate anger experiences and was collected from both participants and their partners. During baseline, acute alcohol intoxication DV partners had significantly greater right FAA, whereas DNV partners showed greater left FAA. Both partner types demonstrated significantly greater right FAA during the placebo beverage condition of the emotion-regulation task when viewing evocative partner displays of contempt, belligerence, criticism, defensiveness and stonewalling, but greater left FAA during acute alcohol intoxication. Although no group differences were found in the emotion-regulation task, partner self-reported anger experiences accounted for 67% of the variance in the FAA of DV participants when intoxicated and viewing evocative stimuli, suggesting dyadic processes are important in understanding alcohol-related IPV. These findings suggest that FAA could index the affective and motivational determinants through which alcohol is related to IPV.