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1
Kingdon, Lorraine B. "Coping With Famine." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295690.
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Huebner, Andrew Brooks. "Famine Fighters: American Veterans, the American Relief Administration, and the 1921 Russian Famine." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609075/.
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This study argues that the American Relief Administration (ARA) operationally and culturally was defined by the character and experiences of First World War American military veterans. The historiography of the American Relief Administration in the last half-century has painted the ARA as a purely civilian organization greatly detached from the military sphere. By examining the military veterans of the ARA scholars can more accurately assess the image of the ARA, including what motivated their personnel and determined their relief mission conduct. Additionally, this study will properly explain how the ARA as an organization mutually benefited and suffered from its connection to the U.S. military throughout its European missions, in particular, the 1921 Russian famine relief expedition.
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Bhansali, R. Raj. "Famine Foods of Rajasthan Desert." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556800.
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Keen, David. "Benefits of famine : a political economy of famine and relief in south-west Sudan, 1983-89." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308862.
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Hall-Matthews, David Nicolas John. "Famine process and famine policy : a case study of Ahmednagar District, Bombay Presidency, India 1870-84." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e072387-d56c-496a-a90a-2ee2f31c29dd.
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Ahmednagar District, in Bombay Presidency, was affected - along with much of South India - by a major drought in 1876-78, leading to famine relief by the Government of Bombay and considerable emigration and mortality. Recent literature, however, has suggested that famine is a complex, human and long-drawn-out process, rather than a sudden, natural phenomenon. This thesis seeks to identify that process among poor peasants in Ahmednagar between 1870 and 1884. It does so by examining their factors of production - land, capital and, to a lesser extent, labour - as well as markets in credit and the cheap foodgrains they produced, in order to locate both their chronic food insecurity and forces increasing their vulnerability over time. In this context, emphasis is given to the relationship of the British colonial state to the peasantry. The agrarian policies and agendas of the Government of Bombay are explored with regard to peasant vulnerability. It is argued that it failed to invest in production and infrastructure, while forcing peasants into competitive markets in which they were ill-equipped to compete. Despite a laissez-faire philosophy, it intervened to first promote, then penalise, usurious moneylenders, reducing the availability of credit. It also taxed peasants directly through the inflexible ryotwari land revenue system. In the crisis, peasants were not treated as famine victims and discouraged from accepting relief. The state can therefore be said to have contributed to the process of famine. It is argued that the propriety of colonial famine policies - and especially of other policies in the agricultural sector that undermined peasant food security - was widely discussed at different levels within the British state, from assistant collectors in Ahmednagar to secretaries of state in London. Attention is given to the way these debates were conducted and the process of policy-making analysed, concluding that the colonial hierarchy made it difficult for officers to be responsive to local problems.
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Franks, Suzanne. "Famine, politics, aid and the media." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534337.
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The BBC Coverage of the Ethiopian Famine in 1984-5 was an iconic news event. It is widely believed to have had an unprecedented impact, challenging perceptions of Africa and mobilising public opinion and philanthropic action in a dramatic new way. As such it offers a case study of the media impact on public opinion and the policy making process. The research, using for the first time privileged access to BBC and Government archives, examines and reveals the internal factors which drove the BBC news. It constructs the process which accounts for the immensity of the news event, as well as following the response to public opinion pressure into the heart of Government. In addition, it shows that whilst the reporting and the altruistic festival that it produced were to trigger remarkable and identifiable changes, this impact was not where the conventional account claimed it to have been. Moreover it demonstrates that the contemporary configuration of aid, media pressure, aid agencies and government policy is still directly affected and in some ways distorted by what was - as this narrative shows - also an inaccurate and misleading story. In popular memory the reporting of Ethiopia and the humanitarian intervention were a great success. Yet alternative interpretations give a radically different picture that the reporting was misleading and the resulting aid effort did more harm than good. This thesis explains the event within the wider context of foreign reporting, especially by the BBC, and also within the history of the period, and argues that the impact of the media is always historically determined - an aspect of the analysis of media effects that is often ignored.
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Rock, Mary June. "The politics of famine in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1994. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2141/.
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In attempting to explain the causes of famine, the literature on famine points to different factors. This list of causes includes: drought; neo-Malthusian population growth; environmental degradation; limited technology; capitalist development, or the lack of it; the nature of the state, blamed either for lack of intervention or, on the contrary, for too much intervention; and, war. However, to attempt to determine how causation of famine might be quantitatively apportioned between the different factors listed in the debates on causes of famine is of limited value, precisely because the different factors that promote famine - drought, environmental degradation, economic decline, war - are inextricably intertwined and interact with one another. Moreover, famine is not simply predetermined by the factors that the debate on causes itemizes. People's own actions and what people choose to do also shapes the outcome and future strategies for survival. The concern of this thesis is with famine in the case study areas, but our concern is not with debating the causes of famine as much as with identifying consequences. We examine the effects of the array of forces on people's strategies for survival in the research areas during and after the drought and famine of the mid-1980's. We describe the different strategies pursued by people in the study areas in the circumstances that existed during the drought and famine of the mid-1980's; and then discuss the consequences of those actions for people's ability to recover and for people's future survival strategies. The empirical data are based on two case studies carried out over a 6 month period from late October 1991 to end April 1992 in the Kallu area of southern Wollo. Wallo is the province that was hit hardest by famine during 1984/5 and in 1972/4. In documenting the resource base in which people in the study areas sought to survive, our findings challenge commonly held assumptions about the effects of the 1975 Land Reform, the nature of Peasant Associations, and the nature of gender relations. The findings on the consequences of people's responses during the drought and famine of the mid-1980's indicate that we need to reconsider the issue of what is meant by the notion of 'coping', so central to much of the literature on famine survival strategies.
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Kingdon, Lorraine B. "Famine Prevention Program Overdoses on Paper." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295678.
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Su, Cui. "Famine- A Crisis of History and Rhetoric." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518914.
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Huggins, Michael James. "Agrarian conflict in pre-famine County Roscommon." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367632.
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Bello, Ghaji Ismaila. "The international politics of famine relief operations in Ethiopia : a case study of the 1984-86 famine relief operations." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2427/.
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This thesis is a study of the international relief assistance to Ethiopia during the 1984-86 famine. It begins by examining the country's glorious past vis-a-vis its present international status. In Part One, the underlying causes of the famine are discussed to provide a background to the subsequent analysis of the international relief effort. Also discussed, is the role of the international media in alerting public opinion and successfully transforming the famine into an issue of international concern. In Part Two, the responses of the various actors are analysed: in particular the bilateral response of Ethiopia's political allies and her opponents; of the Western non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the role of the United Nations in coordinating the international relief effort at the multilateral level. Part Three (Chapter Eight), tests the theoretical assumptions outlined at the beginning of the thesis. With regard to the first, namely the relative importance of opponents and allies, the study concludes Ethiopia's political opponents were more responsive to her appeal for emergency relief than her allies. With regard to the second, namely the role of the NGOs the conclusion is that these organizations played the most important role in shaping the international response to the emergency. Chapter Nine summarizes our general conclusions.
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Day, Jerome Joseph. "An analysis of Irish famine texts, 1845-2000 : the discursive uses of hunger." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37883.
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The Great Famine (1845--1852) was not only a catastrophic moment in Irish history, it was and remains an important source of textual production, particularly in regard to literature and drama. These cultural products carry a powerful discourse used to communicate various social and political agendas. From the beginning, Irish novelists, poets and dramatists have confronted the question of the Famine's meaning then and now. At each historical moment, they have interrogated the Famine and have employed various discursive strategies to communicate to their readers and audiences.This dissertation makes four primary claims: (a) The historical Irish Famine has remained a source of discursive activity by Irish writers, and so constitutes a phenomenon that merits communication research; (b) This discursive content constructs the Famine in ways that communicate its meaning for contemporary readers in successive historical periods; (c) The multiple discursive meanings of the Famine are often contradictory, and demonstrate the conflicting socio-cultural and political goals of both writers and their readerships; and (d) The emergence and evolution of Famine discourse, which consistently recruits pre-existing discourses, provides an important site for examination of the communicational function of imaginative literature and drama.
A survey of Famine literature and drama reveals inconsistent patterns of textual production and discursive content. By determining the historical periods of Famine literary and dramatic production, and by analyzing the contextual dimensions and textual features of representative works, the reasons behind periods of high and low output, the purposes of discursive maintenance and manipulation and the relationship between literary and dramatic discourse and readerships can be approached. To undertake this analysis, five central tropes---land, national identity, religion, gender and agency---are employed. These themes are multi-layered and mutually implicated both on the level of textual production and consumption, that is, in their writing and in their reading/viewing. These tropes have been employed in and through the communicational perspectives of several thinkers, notably Pierre Bourdieu and Teun van Dijk.
Termed an Gorta Mor in the Irish language, the Famine dramatically altered Ireland's social, economic and political fabric, triggered massive emigration to America, Britain and Canada, and etched itself into the Irish psyche as an enduring, if frequently repressed, moment of trauma. As such, a study of its role in communication, in human meaning-making, can illuminate not only Irish experience but the human capacity to tell a bitter, painful story, for specific ends, by remembering and manipulating its elements and to use that story as tool in achieving social and political goals, and in obtaining or maintaining power.
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McLean, Stuart. "The event and its terrors : Ireland, famine, modernity /." Stanford (Calif.) : Stanford University Press, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392859787.
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Texte remanié de: Diss.--Anthropology--Columbia University, 1999. Titre de soutenance : The event and its terrors : memory, transformation and death in accounts of the Irish famine.Bibliogr. p. [199]-218. Index.
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Маркова, А. "Огляди радянської і зарубіжної преси про голод 1932-1933 рр. в Україні на сторінках журналу "Тризуб"." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14365.
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У представленій роботі проведений огляд радянської і зарубіжної преси про голод 1932-1933 рр. в Україні на сторінках журналу "Тризуб".
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14365Власенко В.М.
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Глушан, Олена Володимирівна, Елена Владимировна Глушан, Olena Volodymyrivna Hlushan, and Ю. Ю. Артеменко. "Громадська думка населення щодо Голодомору 1932-1933 рр. в Україні (на прикладі Білопільського, Глухівського та Тростянецького районів Сумської області)." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6921.
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У 2007-2008 рр. український народ відзначав сумну дату -
75-ті роковини Голодомору 1932-1933 рр., що назавжди залишиться
болючою раною в серці кожного українця, адже його соціально-
демографічні та морально-психологічні наслідки на довгі
десятиліття вперед визначили негативні тенденції в житті
українського суспільства: відсутність підприємницьких та
ініціативних елементів, залякані покоління, зламана воля народу до
опору тоталітарній системі, до національного відродження.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6921
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Saparoff, Linda W. "Picturing Ireland in England in the Great Famine Era." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0023/MQ50568.pdf.
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Ashwin, Alexandra. "War, famine, and urban decline in Calcutta, 1942-1945 /." Title page and Contents only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ara831.pdf.
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Kazamias, Georgios A. "Allied policy towards occupied Greece : the 1941-44 famine." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527570.
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Beginning in winter 1942, occupied Greece was ravaged by a full scale famine, claiming a total of some 260,000 victims. The famine was combatted with a large-scale relief scheme, sanctioned by the British and operated mainly through U.S. funds and other assistance. By itself this fact could appear to cast doubts to widely accepted a~ioms: it has often been generally assumed that U.S. interest in Greece began with the announcement of the Truman Doctrine in 1947. In reality, as this study of U.S. policy towards the famine illustrates, this interest, became apparent at an earlier stage. The aim of this thesis is to study the Greek famine with two main objectives in sight. The first, more modest one, is to provide an account for the Allied policy towards the famine, as well as the processes that created this policy. The second, more ambitious objective is to explain the motivation behind the policy of the Allies and attempt to account for the shift of pre-eminence in Western policy towards Greece, from its traditional seat in London across the Atlantic to Washington. The subject is approached at two distinct levels, the Greek famine being the common link between both. At the first level, the famine is a case study to test the different administrative responses to the need for foreign policy action. At the second level, the Greek famine is an illustrative case of the shift of power resources between the two major 'Western Powers and their attitudes towards this shift. In order to achieve these objectives, use is to be made of the literature on bureaucratic politics and the flow of information within organizations, for both Britain and the U.S.; also the relation of their respective decision-making processes - on the basis of intelligence available at the time to their response to the famine in Greece. As will be shown, while other aspects of 20th century Greek History have been studied in some depth, the particular episode of the famine has hitherto been overlooked. It is hoped that this thesis will, at least partially, fill this gap and underline its wider importance for the development of western policy towards Greece
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Siamwiza, Bennett Siamwiinde. "A history of famine in Zambia, c.1825-1949." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624146.
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Bamford, Ian. "Picturing hunger : photography and the Irish famine 1945-50." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603579.
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Enduring for more than five years, the Great Irish Potato Famine, an apparently intractable humanitarian catastrophe characterised by substantial population displacement, widespread starvation and mass mortality throughout the island of Ireland, produced multiple crises for the emerging structures of modernism. Prevailing ideological concepts surrounding social organisation, the limits of governmental intervention, economic orthodoxy, as well as religious and moral responsibility in response to distant suffering, were all challenged by the advent of a disaster of this magnitude within the boundaries of a modem state. Yet, this subsistence crisis occurred during a decade of technological innovation that saw the advent of both pictorial journalism and the emergence of photography within the metropolitan core. Thus, the Famine was the first time that middle class viewers were confronted with images of distant suffering through the auspices of the newly formed illustrated press. In particular, the Illustrated London News published numerous images depicting the effects of starvation and suffering throughout the continuing subsistence crisis. These images have been associated with influencing British public opinion in regard to the appropriate response towards this humanitarian crisis and can also be directly linked to the visualisation of suffering today. While photography was not used to directly depict the ravages of starvation in a manner akin to photojournalistic representations of distant suffering, it was utilised by members of the aristocratic elite in the post-Famine decade to represent the land and people in a manner that responded to official attempts to impose modem structures upon Ireland. Therefore, although the Famine remains unrepresented photographically, this initial attempt to visualise distant suffering within modernity had a profound impact upon the development of representative strategies that resonate today.
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Mulcare, Jerad Ross. "Feeding Kansas: Food, Famine, and Relief in Contested Territory." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26718737.
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“Feeding Kansas” is an analysis of how food and its availability shaped the experiences of settlers and Native Americans in the two decades following the opening of Kansas Territory in 1854. From the outset, food was central to conceptions of the plains. White settlers arrived in Kansas expecting a verdant Eden; their expectations were quickly altered by the realities of farming and living in the semi-arid region. This dissertation argues that, in the face of these realities, there emerged a Kansas aid complex, an overlapping set of institutions and practices that provided settlers with options to receive various forms of aid when they needed it. This system was put to the test in 1860, when the territory was struck by a devastating drought that, over the course of the year, became a famine. I argue that hungry settlers and Natives had expectations that the federal government would intervene on their behalf to prevent outright starvation, but only the treaty claims of the latter proved strong enough an incentive for the Buchanan administration to take any action. White Kansans were ultimately saved by a private aid network, one orchestrated and operated by abolitionists who understood that to keep Kansas fed was to keep it free as well. In 1874, Kansans again looked outward for help, as a “Grasshopper Plague” occurred that summer, bringing many of the same issues to the fore. In 1874-75, I argue, changing demographics on the plains and a significantly more powerful post-Civil War federal government led to a different outcome. Kansans were once again fed, but it was primarily because of the efforts of a group of Army officers stationed throughout the plains. Using promotional literature, travel narratives, diaries, newspapers, and government records, this dissertation reconsiders the “Bleeding Kansas” period, arguing that the divisive politics at the local and national levels concerning Kansas had a critical, heretofore under-examined environmental component.History
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Carpenter, Paul Anthony Matthew. "Redressing the silence: Photography, memory and the Great Famine." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1265.
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Much has been said regarding the presumption of silence surrounding the Great Irish Famine (1845-1852). During and since the event’s sesquicentennial commemoration in the mid-1990s, this silence has been examined by scholars from diverse fields. Following these developments, this thesis examines how Photography’s enigmatic mix of referential and allegoric possibilities might, by uncovering the Famine’s traces, provide insights into the event, its memory and the class of cottiers and landless labourers who were obliterated by it.
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Araia, Ghelawdewos. "The politics of famine and strategies for development in Ethiopia /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10992960.
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Thesis (Ed.D.) -- Teachers College, Columbia University, 1990.Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: William C. Sayres. Dissertation Committee: George C. Bond. Includes bibliographical references :(leaves 200-214).
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Moss, Cindy. "Crime and disorder during the great Irish famine, 1845-1852." Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435378.
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De, Waal Alexander. "Understandings of famine, the case of Darfur, Sudan 1984-5." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253837.
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Fegan, Melissa. "The impact of the Great Famine on literature, 1845-1919." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432093.
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Mac, Atasney Gerard. "Poverty, poor law and famine in county Armagh 1838-52." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272834.
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This thesis examines provision for the poor in County Armagh in the period from the introduction of the Poor Law to the end of the Famine. It begins by analysing the local reaction to the new measure and its impact on existing charities. It then moves on to the enactment of the law through its most conspicuous elements-the workhouses in Armagh and Newry. These establishments were not long developed when they had to cope with the disaster of the famine and an in-depth analysis of their role throughout this period is offered. In conjunction with such official relief efforts were those of private agencies such as the Society of Friends and the Irish Relief Association. To date, these sources have been little used in famine historiography but their worth is highlighted in this work particularly in evaluating government measures such as the Temporary Relief Act (1847). The latter part of the study examines the consequences of the famine years and their impact on the county. By looking at mortality rates, depopulation, emigration and crime levels the conclusion is offered that there were a series of famine experiences in the county. It emerges as no surprise that those in the industrialised north-east escaped relatively lightly while there was much suffering in the south. However, the main finding is that the most distressed districts were those in the middle and west of the county, areas which had previously been buoyant due to the linen industry but by the mid-1840s had started to suffer the effects of de-industrialisation and the concentration of manufacturing in the north-east.
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Sharma, Sanjay Kumar. "Famine, state and society in North India, c.1800-1840." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362846.
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This thesis examines some of the lesser known aspects of the colonial state, indigenous society and the processes of transformation through the numerous reported instances of scarcity or famine, which affected north India in the early decades of the nineteenth century. The study begins by situating famine years in the context of the process of colonisation, and argues that British policy and changes in the economy and ecology rendered north Indian society more vulnerable to drought and famine. As a consequence, north India experienced the most severe famine of the colonial period in 1837-38, which this thesis analyses at length. The 1837-38 famine witnessed largescale crime and widespread food riots. An analysis of patterns of collective action to preserve rights regarding access to food and subsistence is contrasted with the ambiguity in official perceptions describing it as 'crime'. This is compared with the process of transition from a 'moral economy' to a market economy as experienced in England. This thesis also concentrates on other strategies of survival, e.g. migrations, religious conversions, prostitution, child-selling and famine-foods. This study traces the evolution of the notion that the state was responsible for the prevention of famines through provision of work on 'works of public utility'. It seeks to demonstrate that famine relief policies of the East India Company in the early decades of the nineteenth century were also shaped by notions of destitution and charity that informed the debates on the New Poor Law in Britain in the 1830s. This thesis argues that the experience of famine was entwined with the quest for legitimacy of rule by the colonial state. Although the state progressively advocated laissez-faire, its humanitarian and pragmatic concerns resulted in a series of interventionist policies. The famine situations contributed to the expansion and consolidation of the ideological and physical infrastructure of the colonial state. By claiming to be the ultimate and most effective source of philanthropy, the colonial state sought to transform rival indigenous notions of charity. The rhetoric of benevolence and patronage implied new responsibilities for the state, and increasingly it was called upon and obliged to act for the welfare of its subjects. However, the limits of colonial welfarism and modernity were apparent as the state neglected responsibilities towards growing structured poverty.
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Collins, Stephen. "The assessment and treatment of severe adult malnutrition during famine." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249218.
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Ruth, Christian T. "Freedom from Want: Famine Relief in the Horn of Africa." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/38.
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The United States, during both the Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan administrations, pursued humanitarian relief in the Horn of Africa and East Africa with an eye towards Cold War politics. During the Carter administration the focus was on Ethiopia and the regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam, while during the Reagan administration the United States’ efforts were mainly targeted towards Sudan and the regime of Gaffar Nimeiry. In both instances, the United States was concerned with the politics of the Cold War, trying to create a more positive image of the U.S. abroad by relieving world hunger, while also propping up governments that supported U.S. interests during the Cold War against the Soviet Union.
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Cutler, Peter Vincent. "The development of the 1983-85 famine in northern Ethiopia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1988. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682234/.
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In this thesis it is argued that famine is a concatenation process caused by a severe shock to the economy which in turn leads to a series of socio-economic adjustments by the affected population. If the economic shock is sufficiently prolonged, then fallback strategies fail for vulnerable sections of the population. Unless the state intervenes to prevent mass migration and mass starvation, famine ensues. It is shown that in northern Ethiopia, severe shocks to the economy, in the form of rain failures, pest attacks and warfare have frequently disrupted agricultural production, often leading to famine in an economy and society overwhelmingly dependent upon agriculture for subsistence. The failure of Ethiopian society to adapt sufficiently to changing agricultural production conditions is explained historically. Excess extraction of surplus from the peasantry was undertaken by a ruling class which largely failed to reinvest its wealth in agriculture and industry, and these conditions still generally hold true under the present regime. The famine of 1983-85 is analysed in terms of a general socio-economic model of famine. It is shown that crop failures were severe and prolonged, leading to exceptional inflation of grain prices and erosion of fallback strategies of highland peasants. These strategies included livestock sales, wage labour, trading, access to credit, consumption of famine foods, and migration out of the famine zone. The failure of the Ethiopian state to respond sufficiently to the famine reflected its prioritisation of other aimst which included warfare and agricultural collectivisation. Western governments were in turn unwilling to provide relief aid to a hostile regime. The result was a lack of substantive action by international relief agencies, many of whose staff sought to avoid responsibility for providing sufficient famine relief. Television exposure of the famine eventually forced an expansion of the international relief effort.
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Sethi, Aishwarya. "The Framing of a Famine : A case study of Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-350170.
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Pitrone, Barbara A. "Emerging Imagery: The Great Famine in Nineteenth Century Irish Lit." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1377101869.
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Adams, Alayne Mary. "Seasonal food insecurity in the Sahel : nutritional, social and economic risk among Bamana agriculturalists in Mali." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1992. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682230/.
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This thesis considers the nutritional, social and economic dimensions of seasona flood insecurity in Mali from the conceptual viewpoint of risk. It incorporates both longitudinal and crosssectional designs, and quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the strategies agriculturalists employ to minimize risk, and the characteristics of the vulnerable. Anthropometry, morbidity, adult energy expenditure, and household food consumption were monitored over a 14 month period in a village sample of 33 households to test the hypothesis that seasonal nutritional risk is experiencedd ifferentially by age and gender groups in the population. Significant seasonal changes were detected in all nutritional indicators, but few which exceeded threshold levels used to define risk. At the household level the thesis examines the hypothesis that exogenous factors and endogenous household characteristics combine to influence the range of strategies available to food insecure households, and therefore, the degree of risk they experience. Cross-sectional data on seven villages revealed striking interregional and interannual variations in the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity which are strongly related to rainfall. Household stratification according to the capacity to sustain a secure, adequate and viable diet revealed the food secure to be large and wealthy households with sufficient resources to diversify production, and to invest in agriculture and social networks of exchange. At the other extreme were food insecure households which tend to be poor, small and dependent on the proceeds of labour sales to breach the shortage period. Longitudinal study of food stock flows, labour exchange, monetary expenditure and other transfers, demonstrated the continuing vitality of social networks of exchange as means of spreading risk. Vulnerable households had less access to such networks.
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Howie, Graham John. "Feast or famine? Altered maternal nutrition and disease risk in offspring." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/8453.
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Significant alterations in maternal nutrition may induce long-term metabolic consequences in offspring, in particular obesity and features characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. Although maternal nutrient deprivation has been well characterized in this context, little is known regarding the effects of maternal high fat (HF) nutrition on offspring. Methods: The present study investigated the impact of two animal models of altered maternal nutrition on offspring metabolic phenotype: A) maternal calorie restriction, whereby pregnant dams were exposed to 50% undernutrition compared to controls during pregnancy, lactation or both, and B) maternal HF diet either pre-conceptionally and throughout pregnancy and lactation, or throughout pregnancy and lactation alone. Further, to examine the interaction between pre- and post-weaning diets on growth and metabolic outcomes, offspring were weaned onto either control or HF nutrition. Weight gain and body composition were recorded in mothers and offspring, and at postnatal day 180 blood and pancreata were collected from offspring. Importantly, both male and female offspring were examined to determine possible sex-specific altered susceptibility to metabolic disease. Maternal undernutrition imposed at different developmental windows resulted in offspring effects that were sex- and window dependant. Undernutrition during pregnancy alone, particularly when offspring were fed an unrestrained postnatal diet, resulted in offspring with increased adiposity and altered leptin sensitivity. Prevention of catch-up growth during lactation ameliorated the adverse metabolic effects associated with gestational undernutrition, particularly in females. Adult offspring born to dams fed a HF diet during pregnancy and lactation, with or without a preconceptional HF diet, had similar obesogenic phenotypes, irrespective of post-weaning diet. This suggested that pre-conceptional obesity did not induce a phenotype different from the obesogenic diet during pregnancy and lactation alone. However, offspring of HF-fed mothers displayed differential pancreatic expression patterns of key genes in insulin and leptin signalling pathways, dependent on the window of exposure to the maternal obesogenic diet. Conclusions: This study has provided novel insights into the differential effects of early life nutritional adversity during different critical windows of developmental plasticity on offspring growth and pancreatic leptin and insulin signalling. Possible mechanisms are discussed, together with a critique of the predictive adaptive responses hypothesis and the possible adverse impact of catch-up growth.
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Lagrandeur, Kathryn Annette. "L'autre-biographie : Jours de famine et de détresse de Neel Doff." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10305.
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La these intitulee L'Autre-biographie: Jours de famine et de detresse de Neel Doff presente une analyse de la problematique du processus identitaire dans le contexte de la production semique de l'Autre dominant. Il s'agit dans cette etude de relever et de comprende l'importance de l'acte interpretatif des detenteurs de pouvoir en ce qui concerne l'expression identitaire de l'individu marginalise. On entreprend cet objectif par une analyse de la trilogie doffienne intitulee Jours de famine et de detresse. Cet ouvrage, publie en 1974 par les Editions Jean-Jacques Pauvert (Paris), presente trois textes portant sur la vie de Neel Doff: Jours de famine et de detresse (Paris, Eugene Fasquelle, 1911), Keetje (Paris, Ollendorff, 1919), et Keetje trottin (Paris, Cres, 1921). Dans ces textes, Neel Doff fait part des relations corporelles et langagieres qu'elle entretient avec l'Autre dans le but de passer d'un statut socio-economique a un autre, soit du sous-proletariat a la bourgeoisie. La confrontation et la convergence du marginal et du dominant dans cette trilogie permet d'etudier le role que joue l'Autre dans l'expression du "moi".
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McMahon, Colin. "Quarantining the past, commemorating the great Irish famine on Grosse-Ile." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64009.pdf.
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Tumilty, K. M. "The Church of Ireland and the Famine in Ulster, 1845-1852." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517633.
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Clark, David James. "Representing the majority world : famine, photojournalism and the changing visual economy." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/136/.
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Our knowledge of the world is mediated. This means knowledge depends on representations provided to us from a variety of sources. However, we should not limit representation to a concern with language, or suggest that representations produce fictions unconnected to the real world. To avoid these problems we need to understand mediated knowledge and representation in terms of discourse. This thesis examines aspects of a particular discourse, the visual discourse of photojournalism, and explores its role in constructing the imagined geography of Africa. This thesis investigates how photographic illustrations of Africa play a role in constructing knowledge of the continent for mainstream UK audiences. It undertakes this in terms of the ‘Minority World’ and the ‘Majority World’ in order to challenge the assumptions of superiority and inferiority associated with traditional representations of ‘First World/Third World’ or ‘developed/underdeveloped’. Central to the discussion is the notion of a specific photographic point of view based on the author’s background as a Minority World photographer who has undertaken extensive work in the Majority World. The thesis considers how historical photographic representations of African countries that are beyond the personal experience of UK mainstream audiences, and the formation of key compositions in a particular style to represent famine, were repeated through the last century and how these compositions relate to current public understandings of the Majority World as a particular place. Through this discussion the thesis critically analyses public consumption of such images and argues the construction of key events (disasters, famines, etc.) are central to the imaginary construction of the continent of Africa. It argues that colonial relations of power and knowledge, and the production of ‘otherness’ continue to influence contemporary images of the Majority World. Taking the1984-5 Ethiopian famine as a key event in the formation of geographic visualisations of the African continent, the thesis both considers this event in detail and traces its influence to the formation of contemporary photographic illustrations. Through critical discourse analysis, extensive interviews with photographers, fieldwork, and surveys the thesis examines contemporary photojournalistic coverage of a single event and how it affects UK public understandings of Africa. The photojournalistic representations of famine in Africa are then considered in terms of the rapidly changing global image economy (in which the move to digital production and distribution is transforming photographic practice), the rise of local photographers, and the influence of the visual discourses on economic stability and growth of the communities in which their subjects live. These arguments come together in the 2003 case of photographic reports from Bob Geldof’s return to Ethiopia during another purported food crisis. The thesis asks if the changes in the image economy and recent examples of new photographic practice, especially that which follows the codes of conduct for imagery put in place after the Ethiopian famine of 1984-5, demonstrate the potential for changing the way ‘Africa’ is constructed as an imagined geography for UK publics, and, if so, how? It grounds the argument in an extended conclusion, which examines the assignment the author carried out in Mali in November 2005 in conjunction with Oxfam GB. This photographic commission demonstrated the difficulty of finding an alternative visualisation of food insecurity (famine) that meets the demands of non-government organisations’ (NGOs) ethical picture policies yet satisfies the requirements of mainstream media in the UK.
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Sami, L. "Famine, disease, medicine and the state in Madras Presidency (1876-78)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444928/.
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The thesis is a critical examination of the relationship between different levels of the colonial state and its medical services in the relief of famine in Madras Presidency during 1876-78. The state was irrevocably divided in moral, administrative and financial terms in its responses to famine and the provision of famine relief during this episode These divisions made for inconsistencies in the relief of distress, and resulted in widespread suffering and starvation. However, they also allowed for considerable latitude by the Provincial Government in the implementation of Imperial famine policy, and for the medical profession to gain administrative authority by claiming expertise in the scientific determination of standards of state support for the famine stricken. This famine heralded the beginning of organized all-India state intervention in famine processes through the institution of famine codes and organized bureaucratic machinery for the early prevention of agrarian distress through prompt state intervention. To this extent, this particular episode was a 'prime mover' in the history of the medical profession and the history of state intervention in famine relief in India. The thesis seeks to address critically several problems in the historiography of famine, colonial medicine, disease and the state in modern South Asia through this case study. It attempts to do so through a critical re-examination of material used by previous authors and the use of some hitherto unused sources from the Provincial archives.
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Laattoe, Bahir. "SEN (Special Educational Needs) and inclusion in a time of "famine"." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021647/.
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This thesis is about the changes a particular LEA implemented to funding for pupils with Statements of SEN in the light of a funding crisis affecting the whole LEA in 2003. It disproves the case that the Authority was making and which was even being made in academic literature, that SEN funding was imminently out of control. Instead it shows the deep-seated effect of neoliberalism on special education. It also argues that the Authority’s call for greater inclusion was used rhetorically to justify the funding changes and that inclusion became a means to move pupils with Statements who were educated outside the Authority back into schools within the Authority. It shows that changes in funding Statements marked a change in emphasis regarding decision-making about writing Statements – considerations about funding became more important than considerations about the best educational interests of the child. Finally, it argues that funding pupils with Statements was politically determined, not mainly financially driven, and that such funding became dependent on the number of pupils with Free School Meals and other indications of ‘deprivation’, rather than being based on the actual number of pupils with Statements per se. This, it argues, caused conflict amongst schools and, crucially, also calls into question how SEN and inclusion are themselves defined. This thesis is relevant to present debates about special education because the Coalition government is developing a new SEN Code of Practice and is implementing changes using similar arguments to those discussed in the thesis – the present government is claiming that there is a funding crisis, that ‘proxy measures’ should be used to count the incidence of SEN and that the ‘bias’ toward inclusion should be removed.
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Medley, Michael Roger. "Humanitarian parsimony in Sudan : the Bahr Al-Ghazal famine of 1998." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1f5fd08e-eb95-4d4e-8438-1c54c7837840.
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Walter, B. S., S. N. DeWitte, T. Dupras, and Julia Beaumont. "Assessment of nutritional stress in famine burials using stable isotope analysis." Wiley, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17776.
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YesObjectives: We compared δ15N and δ13C values from bone and dentine collagen profiles of individuals interred in famine‐related and attritional burials to evaluate whether individuals in medieval London who experienced nutritional stress exhibit enriched nitrogen in bone and tooth tissue. Dentine profiles were evaluated to identify patterns that may be indicative of famine during childhood and were compared with the age of enamel hypoplasia (EH) formation to assess whether isotopic patterns of undernutrition coincide with the timing of physiological stress. Materials and Methods: δ15N and δ13C isotope ratios of bone collagen were obtained from individuals (n = 128) interred in attritional and famine burials from a medieval London cemetery (c. 1120–1539). Temporal sequences of δ15N and δ13C isotope profiles for incrementally forming dentine collagen were obtained from a subset of these individuals (n = 21). Results: Results indicate that individuals from attritional graves exhibit significantly higher δ15N values but no significant differences were found between burial types for the sexes. Analyses of dentine profiles reveal that a lower proportion of famine burials exhibit stable dentine profiles and that several exhibit a pattern of opposing covariance between δ15N and δ13C. EH were also observed to have formed during or after the opposing covariance pattern for some individuals. Conclusions: The results of this study may reflect differences in diet between burial types rather than nutritional stress. Though nutritional stress could not be definitively identified using bone and dentine collagen, the results from dentine analysis support previous observations of biochemical patterns associated with nutritional stress during childhood.
Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences. Grant Numbers: BCS‐1261682, BCS‐1540208. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of South Carolina. Grant Number: SPARC Fellowship Grant
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Reiley, Amy. "Revolution! Revolution! : feast, famine and general copulation in modern American popular culture /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armr3621.pdf.
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Taddessee, Mellesse Amossa. "The role of education in combatting famine and promoting development in Ethiopia /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10939258.
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Steele, James Daniel. "U.S. foreign policy response to famine and hunger in Africa 1981-1986." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1989. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1925.
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The main objective of this research is to investigate the policymaking apparatus of u.s. foreign policy in its response to famine and hunger disasters. Of crucial importance is the extent that an immediate and effective response to the victims of these disasters is held captive to their race, form of government, or importance to the u.s. view of geopolitics. An effective response is considered in this study to be one which addresses the causes of famine and hunger in a society (armed conflict, debt).
The administration of Ronald Reagan and its response to the African famines of the 1980s can be examined as either an abberation, or consistent with U.S. foreign policy as has been practiced since the dismantling of colonialism.
Ronald Reagan essentially inherited a development structure that was an extension of U.S. economic and political aims. There is a tenuous relationship between U.S. development and emergency relief and humanitarian aspirations.
The President chose to decline attempts to assist African nations under duress by famine, whether such nations were socialist or non-socialist. The threat to eliminate funding from crucial international agencies which combat famine also pointed to an administration that was insensitive to appeals to equate the life of an African with that of an American or a European. The significance of this study is its focus on discerning the structure and decision-making process involved in famine response and hunger prevention. It is also significant as it is one of the early studies to examine the u.s. response to famine in the 1980s.
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Edkins, Jenny. "Technologising the international : pictures of hunger, concepts of famine, practices of aid." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393239.
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Milliken, Jason E. "Long Term Effects of Early Life Malnourishment: The Bengal Famine of 1943." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438353251.
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Swislocki, Mark Steven. "Feast and famine in Republican Shanghai urban food culture, nutrition, and the state /." access full-text online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2001. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3038163.
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Tucker, Philip Nigel James. "Water rights, drought and the human ecology of famine : North Kordofan 1984-5." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359692.
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