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1
Zhao, Lijuan, Junhong Shi, Xiaohong Kang, and Hua Hong. "Research on crop insurance and change in farmers’ welfare: evidence from China’s Inner Mongolia." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 4 (June 18, 2019): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0083.
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Using Amartya Sen’s capability approach and household survey data from Inner Mongolia, China, this paper constructs a welfare index in order to examine the impact of crop insurance on the welfare of farmers. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods were used to measure changes in farmers’ welfare before and after participating in crop insurance, and these were empirically tested to identify differences in the factors affecting farmers’ welfare. It was found that after participating in crop insurance, the overall welfare level of farmers slightly increased. Many functional indicators improved, such as family economic status, working status, protective security, and psychological experience; however, the living environment and leisure time of farmers deteriorated after participation. From the perspective of conversion factors, variables such as the educational level of the head of household, the total number of members in a given household, the policy of crop insurance and regional economic development level all have a significant impact on the changes in farmers’ welfare.
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Torsheim, Torbjørn, Jens M. Nygren, Mette Rasmussen, Arsæll M. Arnarsson, Pernille Bendtsen, Christina W. Schnohr, Line Nielsen, and Maria Nyholm. "Social inequalities in self-rated health: A comparative cross-national study among 32,560 Nordic adolescents." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 1 (October 17, 2017): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817734733.
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Aims: We aimed to estimate the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in self-rated health among Nordic adolescents (aged 11, 13 and 15 years) using the Family Affluence Scale (a composite measure of material assets) and perceived family wealth as indicators of socioeconomic status. Methods: Data were collected from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2013–2014. A sample of 32,560 adolescents from Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Greenland and Sweden was included in the study. Age-adjusted regression analyses were used to estimate associations between fair or poor self-rated health and the ridit scores for family affluence and perceived wealth. Results: The pooled relative index of inequality of 2.10 indicates that the risk of fair or poor health was about twice as high for young people with the lowest family affluence relative to those with the highest family affluence. The relative index of inequality for observed family affluence was highest in Denmark and lowest in Norway. For perceived family wealth, the pooled relative index of inequality of 3.99 indicates that the risk of fair or poor health was about four times as high for young people with the lowest perceived family wealth relative to those with the highest perceived family wealth. The relative index of inequality for perceived family wealth was highest in Iceland and lowest in Greenland. Conclusions: Social inequality in self-rated health among adolescents was found to be robust across subjective and objective indicators of family affluence in the Nordic welfare states.
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Katyal, Sonal. "Patterns of Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services in Haryana, India." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): i31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i1.29.
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Background: Despite being a relatively smaller state, Haryana’s per capita Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is high. The statistical data on the status of women has a different story to share. Objective: This study analyzes the maternal healthcare situation in Haryana to examine the differential in utilization of maternal health care service i.e. antenatal care on the basis of socio economic and socio demographic indicators such as Women’s age at Birth, Birth order, Education, Residence, Religion, Wealth index and Caste. Methodology: The present study uses the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data which is similar to the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). DHS collects, disseminates national data on health and population in developing countries. Findings: Indicate that economic status, husband’s education and caste have effect on the utilization of antenatal care services. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates several socio economic and demographic factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care services in Haryana. Efforts need to be taken at community and household level to improve utilization. Abbreviations: NFHS- National Family Health Survey; DHS- Demographic and Health Surveys; MDG- Millennium Development Goals; SC/ST-Scheduled caste/Scheduled tribe; WHO-World Health Organization; MOHFW- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; ANM – Auxiliary Nurse Midwife; VIF – Variance Inflation Factor; OBC- Other Backward Classes; ANC- Antenatal Care; TBA – Trained Birth Attendant
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Kumar, Pradeep, Shobhit Srivastava, Shekhar Chauhan, Ratna Patel, Strong P. Marbaniang, and Preeti Dhillon. "Associated factors and socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of thinness and stunting among adolescent boys and girls in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): e0247526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247526.
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Background Despite economic growth observed in developing countries, under-nutrition still continues to be a major health problem. Undernutrition in adolescence can disrupt normal growth and puberty development and may have long-term impact. Therefore, it is important to study the undernutrition among adolescents. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the associated factors of stunting, thinness and the coexistence of both (stunting and thinness) among the adolescent belonging to Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India. Methods The study utilized data from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) project survey, which was conducted in two Indian states Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, in 2016 by Population Council under the guidance of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Utilizing information on 20,594 adolescents aged 10–19 years (adolescent boys-5,969 and adolescent girls-14,625), the study examined three outcome variables, i.e., thinness, stunting, and co-existence of both. The study used descriptive and bivariate analysis. Furthermore, the study examined income-related inequality in stunting and thinness through concentration index. At last, the study used Wagstaff decomposition analysis to decompose the concentration index. Results The prevalence of thinness was higher among adolescent boys as compared to girls (25.8 per cent vs. 13.1 per cent). However, stunting was more prevalent among girls (25.6 per cent) than in boys (39.3 per cent). The odds of stunting were higher among late adolescents [Boys- OR:1.79; CI: 1.39, 2.30] and [Girls- OR: 2.25; CI: 1.90,2.67], uneducated adolescents [Boys- OR:2.90; CI: 1.67, 5.05] and [Girls- OR: 1.82; CI: 1.44,2.30], and poorest adolescents [Boys- OR:2.54; CI: 1.80, 3.58] and [Girls- OR: 1.79; CI: 1.38,2.32]. Similarly age, educational status, working status and wealth index were significantly associated with thinness among adolescent boys and girls. Media exposure [Boys- OR: 11.8% and Girls- 58.1%] and Wealth index [Boys: 80.1% and Girls: 66.2%] contributed significantly to the inequality in the prevalence of thinness among adolescents. Similarly, wealth index [Boys: 85.2% and Girls: 84.1%] was the only significant contributor to the inequality in the prevalence of stunting among adolescents. Conclusion The study provides an understanding that stunting and thinness is a significant public health concern among adolescents, and there is a need to tackle the issue comprehensively. By tackling the issue comprehensively, we mean that the state government of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar shall screen, assess, and monitor the nutritional status of adolescent boys and girls. The interventions shall focus towards both boys as well as girl adolescents, and particular emphasis should be given to adolescents who belonged to poor households. Also, efforts should be taken by stakeholders to increase family wealth status.
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Asahara, Shun-ichiro, Hiroshi Miura, Wataru Ogawa, and Yoshikazu Tamori. "Sex difference in the association of obesity with personal or social background among urban residents in Japan." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): e0242105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242105.
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The development of obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and is associated with a variety of health problems. To gain insight into environmental factors that contribute to obesity, we analyzed the relation of personal or social background to obesity in men and women separately with the use of data from a community-based questionnaire survey of 5425 residents aged 20 to 64 years of Kobe, a representative large city in Japan. Obesity and normal weight were defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 and of ≥ 18.5 and < 25 kg/m2, respectively, according to the diagnostic criteria of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. The personal or social background factors examined included marital status, family structure, employment, household income, residence type, welfare enrollment, economic conditions of current life, educational level, extracurricular activity in school, living conditions at 15 years of age, and childhood adversity. We found that the prevalence of obesity was 27.2% and 10.6% in men and women, respectively. Among women, unmarried status, a low household income, welfare enrollment, difficult current economic conditions, a low educational level, and childhood adversity were associated with obesity, whereas none of the personal or social background factors examined were associated with obesity in men. Our results suggest that the development of obesity in women is strongly influenced by personal or social background, and such factors should be taken into consideration in the management of this condition in women.
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Sunder Singh, Shyam, and Akhand Sharma. "A STUDY OF COMPOSITE INDEX: WITH SPECIAL CONTEXT TO GOND TRIBE OF CENTRAL INDIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (January 31, 2020): 1064–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76156.
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Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to reveal the facts that fall under composite index; socio-economic, health and education status of Gond Tribe in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. The study exposed the facts whether the tribal people are aware and benefitted from the Government programs related to Education and Health running in these areas or not.
Methodology: The study has used purposive and systematic sampling for selecting the sample of 154households. SPSS 21 and AMOS are used for data analysis. The Multinomial Logistic Regression, Correlation and Regression Analysis and Multiple Correlation and Regression Analysis, are used for analyzing the data. The percentage-wise analysis is used for analyzing other facts related to socio-economic, health and education services.
Main Findings: Medical and educational services are not satisfactory in the tribal region. The result reveals that there is a significant correlation between household income and the health status of the family. The study explored households whose incomes are less than five thousand in such families’ adults are suffering from chronic diseases whereas children are facing malnutrition problems.
Applications of this study: The study has discussed specific ideas that will help the government in implementing programs/ schemes so that it will help in improvising the quality of life of the tribal people.
Novelty/ Originality of this study: The work is a highly original and innovative and studied composite index in context to the Gond tribe, it reflects the ground-level reality of the welfare programs which are running for the benefits of the tribal.
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Choo, Jina, Hwa-Mi Yang, Sae-Young Jae, Hye-Jin Kim, Jihyun You, and Juneyoung Lee. "Effects of the Healthy Children, Healthy Families, Healthy Communities Program for Obesity Prevention among Vulnerable Children: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082895.
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Background: We aimed to examine whether the Healthy Children, Healthy Families, and Healthy Communities Program, consisting of multi-level strategies for obesity prevention tailoring the context of socioeconomically vulnerable children based on an ecological perspective, would be effective on improving their healthy lifestyle behaviors and obesity status. Methods: Participants were 104 children (and 59 parents) enrolled in public welfare systems in Seoul, South Korea. Based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial (no. ISRCTN11347525), eight centers were randomly assigned to intervention (four centers, 49 children, 27 parents) versus control groups (four centers, 55 children, 32 parents). Multi-level interventions of child-, parent-, and center-level strategies were conducted for 12 weeks. Children’s healthy lifestyle behaviors and obesity status were assessed as daily recommended levels and body mass index ≥85th percentile, respectively. Parents’ parenting behaviors were measured by the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity scale. Results: Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in total composite scores of healthy-lifestyle behaviors—including 60-min of moderate physical activity—but not in obesity status among children. Moreover, the intervention group showed significant improvements in parenting behaviors among parents. Conclusion: The multi-level strategies for obesity prevention based on an ecological perspective may be effective for promoting healthy lifestyles among socioeconomically vulnerable children.
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Li, Jiajing, Chen Jiao, Stephen Nicholas, Jian Wang, Gong Chen, and Jinghua Chang. "Impact of Medical Debt on the Financial Welfare of Middle- and Low-Income Families across China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 4597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124597.
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Background: Medical debt is a persistent global issue and a crucial and effective indicator of long-term family medical financial burden. This paper fills a research gap on the incidence and causes of medical debt in Chinese low- and middle-income households. Method: Data were obtained from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey, with medical debt measured as borrowings from families, friends and third parties. Tobit regression models were used to analyze the data. The concentration index was employed to measure the extent of socioeconomic inequality in medical debt incidence. Results: We found that 2.42% of middle-income families had medical debt, averaging US$6278.25, or 0.56 times average household yearly income and 3.92% of low-income families had medical debts averaging US$5419.88, which was equivalent to 2.49 times average household yearly income. The concentration index for low and middle-income families’ medical debt was significantly pro-poor. Medical debt impoverished about 10% of all non-poverty households and pushed poverty households deeper into poverty. While catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) was the single most important factor in medical debt, age, education, and health status of householder, hospitalization and types of medical insurance were also significant factors determining medical debt. Conclusions: Using a narrow definition of medical debt, the incidence of medical debt in Chinese low- and middle-income households was relatively low. But, once medical debt happened, it imposed a long-term financial burden on medical indebted families, tipping many low and middle-income households into poverty and imposing on households several years of debt repayments. Further studies need to use broader definitions of medical debt to better assess the long-term financial impact of medical debt on Chinese families. Policy makers need to modify China’s basic medical insurance schemes to manage out-of-pocket, medical debt and CHE and to take account of pre-existing medical debt.
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Siagian, Gunaria. "DIVERSITY OF LAND ARTHROPODA ON PEOPLE’S PLANTATIONS AT JAWATONGAH VILLAGE, HATONDUHAN SUB-DISTRICT IN SIMALUNGUN NORTH SUMATERA." JURNAL BIOSAINS 6, no. 3 (December 10, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v6i3.19539.
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This study aims to determine the diversity, abundance, dominance index, similarity index and inequality of land arthropods in the people's plantations in the village of Jawatongah, Hatonduhan Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency. This research was conducted in October 2019 until November 2019. Sampling was carried out at 5 stations in the People's plantation in Jawatongah Village, Hatonduhan District, Simalungun Regency. Data retrieval is done 3 times using trap traps. From the results of research and data analysis found 9 orders and 1 family consisting of 9 orders and 16 families consisting of: Formicidae, Flatidae, Silphidae, Anobiidae, Labiduridae, Tephritidae, Culicidae, Rhagionidae, Simuliidae, Blephariceridae, Gryllidae, Anobiidae, Labiduridae, Tephritidae, Culicidae, Rhagionidae, Simuliidae, Blephariceridae, Gryllidae, Anobiidae, Labiduridae, Tephritidae, Culicidae, Rhagionidae, Simuliidae, Blephariceridae, Gryllidae, Acobiidae, Acrididae, Phrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae. Lachesillidae, Liposcelidae, Pholidae, Araneidae, Ageleidae. The highest relative abundance of soil Arthropods was Tephritidae (71, 486%), the lowest was Liposcelidae and Aranidae (0.367%). The diversity index of the Athropods of the soil ranged from 0.996-1.536. The dominance index ranged from 0, 27155 - 0.53598. From these observations it can be seen that in general the Tephritidae group dominates all places in the study location. For the Arthropod similarity index of land in the smallholder plantations of Jawatongah village, Hatonduhan sub-district, Simalungun Regency, ranged between 55.56% - 80%. Knowledge and knowledge about diversity, abundance, status and distribution of animals are very important for humans and need to be preserved to improve the welfare of society, especially in agriculture.
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Lyu, Young Sang, Sang Yong Kim, Hak Yeon Bae, and Jin Hwa Kim. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Undiagnosed Glucose Intolerance Status in Apparently Healthy Young Adults Aged <40 Years: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2017." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132393.
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Background: Early-onset diabetes results in longer lifetime hyperglycemic exposure that consequently leads to earlier chronic diabetes complications and premature death. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed prediabetes in apparently healthy young adults aged <40 years. Methods: This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2014 to 2017. A total of 4442 apparently healthy young adults enrolled in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted separately to evaluate associated risk factors with undiagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed prediabetes in groups stratified by sex. Results: The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed prediabetes was 1.2% and 25.0%, respectively. Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) was a significant risk factor of undiagnosed diabetes regardless of sex (men, odds ratio (OR): 9.808, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.619–59.412; women, OR: 7.719, 95% CI: 1.332–44.747). Family history of diabetes was significantly associated with undiagnosed diabetes (OR: 3.407, 95% CI: 1.224–9.481) in women only. Increased age, obesity status, and family history of diabetes were significant risk factors for undiagnosed prediabetes. Alcohol consumption was found to be negatively associated with undiagnosed prediabetes in women. Conclusions: Increased attention and implementation of precise strategies for identifying young adults at high risk for undiagnosed diabetes would allow for increased wellbeing as well as reduced healthcare burdens associated with diabetes.
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Reynolds, Megan M., Melanie Beagley, Ashley M. Fox, Ming Wen, Michael W. Varner, and Ken R. Smith. "2262 Is less more? Examining the relationship between food assistance generosity and childhood obesity." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.290.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: In combination with 3 waves of individual-level data on children age 5–18 from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we exploit exogenous variation at the level of the state to determine whether SNAP generosity modifies the effect of SNAP participation on overweight/obesity status. We do so using a newly created and powerful data set including information on state-level SNAP generosity between the years 1996 to 2011. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data and sample. We drew individual-level data from the Child Development Supplements of the Panel of Income Dynamics (PSID), a nationally representative longitudinal study gathering data since 1968 on US individuals and the families in which they reside. Aged 0–12 years in 1997, these children of PSID sample members were surveyed roughly every 5 years through 2007. The total number of observations over the study period is just over 8093, representing 3563 children. We drew state-level data from the State Welfare Generosity Index. This is a decomposable index of State welfare generosity capturing state policy variation across 4 programs (TANF, SNAP, Unemployment Insurance and Medicaid/CHIP) and 2 dimensions (eligibility requirements and benefit levels). Measures. Child weight status was determined using the Center for Disease Control (CDC) body mass index (BMI)-for-age gender-specific growth charts: underweight (BMI <5th percentile), healthy weight (BMI >5th percentile and BMI <85th percentile), overweight (BMI >85th percentile and BMI <95th percentile) or obese (BMI >95th percentile). From this, we constructed an indicator for overweight/obese Versus normal or underweight status. SNAP participation is a dichotomous indicator based on the head-of-households or their spouses reported receipt of SNAP benefits during the previous calendar year from the interview. SNAP generosity is scored on a scale of 0–100, with more generous states receiving higher scores than less generous states. Covariates include sex, race, age, head-of-household years of education and a continuous measure of household income adjusted for family size. Estimation techniques. We merged the child, parent/caregiver, family and main PSID files to obtain the most comprehensive data on each sample child. We first generated, descriptive statistics for the Wave 1 sample of 3563 children. We then present the mean, standard deviation and the ratio of the 2 (coefficient of variation) for state-level variables. We present χ2 tests of difference for non-SNAP compared to SNAP participants in terms of overweight/obesity, and pairwise correlation coefficients among the 3 state-level variables. Next, we conducted a series of simple and multivariate logistic regressions estimating the odds of being overweight or obese. As we are assessing the risk of adverse weight status, those of normal or underweight status are the reference group for all regression analysis. Because height and weight reports are known to be unreliable below the age of 5, regression analyses impose an age restriction of greater than 5 years old. We include adjustment for the clustered nature of data. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The individual-level statistics indicate that roughly one-third of the CDS sample is overweight or obese at Wave I in 1997. About a fifth of them live in families receiving SNAP. The mean SNAP generosity score is 10 on a possible range of 0 to 1 (observed range of 0.037 to 0.290 not shown). Variation across state-years is greatest for the SNAP participation variable, as reflected by the coefficient of variation. In the period 1997–2007, the proportion of children who are overweight or obese is 5% higher among those in families receiving SNAP program benefits than among those in families not receiving SNAP benefits. Similarly, SNAP participation is positively, moderately and significantly (with an α of 0.05) correlated with overweight/obesity. Examines the relationship between overweight/obesity and the SNAP measures using individual-level data on overweight/obesity and SNAP participation and state-level data on SNAP generosity. Model 1 estimates and exponentiates the log odds of overweight/obesity based on individual-level SNAP participation. Model 2 does the same using state-level SNAP generosity as the predictor. Results indicate that both variables are positively associated with a child’s chance of being overweight/obese. But only in the case of SNAP participation is the SNAP variable statistically significant. Children living in families receiving SNAP benefits are more likely to be overweight/obese by a factor of 1.23. A set of potential confounders to the analysis and tests for interaction effects between SNAP participation and SNAP generosity (Model 3). Controlling for a variety of demographic and socio-economic factors, the positive effect of SNAP participation on overweight/obesity is rendered negative. The nonsignificant effect of SNAP generosity remains. In Model 3, the interaction effect for SNAP participation and generosity is positive and marginally significant. This suggests that the generosity of benefits changes the basic relationship between SNAP participation and overweight/obesity among children in families receiving benefits. To help convey the meaning of this coefficient, we generated marginal effects of SNAP participation based on SNAP generosity, setting all covariates equal to their means. This figure shows a small negative effect of SNAP participation at the lowest levels of generosity (a score of around 4, the sample minimum). This negative effect crosses 0 at a score of around 12, then becomes positive. The magnitude of the positive effect grows up to the sample max (index=28), although with widening confidence intervals. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The focal interest of this study lies in the potential interaction effect between SNAP generosity and SNAP participation on overweight/obesity. Although the effects were only marginally significant, we find that SNAP generosity does interact with SNAP participation. More specifically, the effects of SNAP participation appear negative at lower levels of generosity, becoming positive as generosity scores exceed the sample mean (index=10). In other words, state-level SNAP generosity appears to exacerbate the adverse effects of SNAP participation on overweight/obesity. Although we submit that our current findings contribute to the literature on the SNAP-health link, we intend to strengthen our analysis in several ways. First, we will fit models that exploit the strengths of the PSID and the welfare generosity index in terms of causal inference. We will use fixed effects models to control not only for potential unobserved confounders related to the child but also observable baseline characteristics. Leveraging the fact that PSID samples up to 2 children from each family, we will further refine our estimates towards a causal interpretation with the use of sibling fixed effects, in which we additional account for unmeasured time-invariant family-level variables that encapsulate a variety of factors including learned behaviors, cultural influences, genetic predispositions that contribute to child health outcomes. Second, research has clearly shown that compared with higher-SES individuals, lower-SES individuals have higher BMI regardless of welfare program participation. These selection effects are addressed somewhat by the PSID’s intentional over-representation of low-income individuals. But we can much more convincingly address these potential problems with endogeneity by refining our analyses to compare SNAP participants to SNAP-eligible nonparticipants, thereby isolating the effect of the SNAP “treatment.” Lastly, we intend to include a wide array of state-level covariates that may be related to our independent and dependent variables of interest, such as poverty rate, unemployment rate, and racial/ethnic composition.
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Li, Ming-Chieh, and Hsin-Yu !Fang. "Obese People Do Not Have a Higher Chance of Adherence to Recommended Daily Intake for the Most Nutrients." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_047.
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Abstract Objectives There is a myth that obesity equals overnutrition. We conducted a study to examine whether obese people had a higher chance of adherence to recommended daily intake. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2014–2016. NAHSIT is a nationwide representative survey aimed to investigate and monitor the nutritional status of Taiwanese people. Fourteen nutrient intakes, including vitamin A, C, D, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Fe, Mg, Zn, Ca, and P, were evaluated using 24-hour dietary recall. Logistic regression models will be used to determine whether obesity was related to the higher chance of adherence to recommended daily intakes. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex. Obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2) and normal-weight (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2) people were defined according to the criteria of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan. Results A total of 3075 participants (51% of females) aged 19 and above were included in the final analysis. After adjusting for age, body mass index, education level, marital status, and family income, as expected, we found that obese men have a higher chance of adherence to recommended daily intake of vitamin B3 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29–2.23), Fe (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.06–2.00), and Zn (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07–1.85), compared with normal-weight men. However, obese women have a lower chance of adherence to recommended daily intake of vitamin C (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56–0.95) and Mg (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.95), compared with normal-weight women. For the most nutrient intakes, we found no difference between obese and normal-weight people in the chance of adherence to recommended daily intake. Conclusions In general, we found that obesity did not equal overnutrition. Obese women have insufficient intakes of some nutrients compared with normal-weight women. Our finding indicated that obese people might have more nutritional imbalance. Funding Sources This study was supported by China Medical University.
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Ghareeb, Hassan O., Ghada M. Khafagy, Hatem H. Eleishi, Hala A. Hussein, and Marwa D. Hasan. "Sexual Dysfunction and its Determinants in Male Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, B (May 14, 2021): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6031.
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BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease affects about 0.5–1% of adults. Sexuality is an integral part of human quality of life and responsible for our individual welfare, study the association between them is highly important as many studies revealed that sexuality is greatly affected in RA patients. AIM: This study aims to determine the possible different risk factors for sexual dysfunction (SD) in RA and to study the magnitude of SD among RA male patients. METHODS: This is a case–control study carried on 60 males – aged between 18–45 years – attending Family Medicine and Rheumatology Clinic in Kasr Alainy, Cairo University, Egypt. Participants were divided into case and control groups, both groups were matched regarding socioeconomic status. All participants were evaluated for sexual function using international index of erectile function (IIEF), psychological state using patient health questionnaire (PHQ9), disease-related disability using health assessment questionnaire, disease severity using disease activity score 28, and serum testosterone level was assessed. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding IIEF (OR o’s SD among patients were 1.66), PHQ9, and serum testosterone (p = 0.005). There was highly statistically significant negative correlation between sexual problems and depression, disease caused disability, RA duration and there was highly statistically significant positive correlation between sexual problems and serum hormonal level. CONCLUSION: Sexual problems are a prominent problem in males who suffer from RA. Sexual function was significant associated with disease activity, depression, quality of life, and with lower levels of total and free testosterone.
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Batubara, Mustofa Marli, and Asvic Helida. "Agroforestry Natural and Benefits Stimuli for Improvement of Kerinci Community at Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 4, no. 3 (May 23, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v4i3.9317.
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Stimulus is a stimulation that causes reaction or response. Stimuli are factors that affect someone or something to be have. The concept of tri-stimulus amar states that the tri stimulus amar conservation is important in conservation action and consists of natural stimulus, benefit, and religious (willingness).This study aimed to determine whether the species composition of Kerinci communities agroforestry plants in hilly land was a natural stimuli, and to determine whether the income level of the farming community from agroforestry activities was already a benefit to the community. The research was conducted using participatory observation method. The data were analyzed descriptively by making tabulation matrix then rated quantitatively to determine the Cultural Significance Index (CSI) and Index of Importance Value (IIV). Furthermore, natural and benefit stimuli of agroforestry activities for the Kerinci community were described. The results showed there were 27 agroforestry plants with Pelak system and cinnamon plant (Cinnamomun burmannii) which belonged to the Lauraceous family was a plant with the highest ICS (67) and IIV (43). These results indicated that cinnamon plant played an important role in the Kerinci community culture and ecosystems because it was quite abundant in nature. The farmers knew cinnamon bio ecology which means that the natural stimuli of cinnamon were the basis in the selection of the plant. While products from agroforestry crops could improve the welfare of farmers thus became the benefit stimuli for the community in conducting Pelak agroforestry farming systems. Natural and benefit stimuli were the factors that caused the farmers to conduct agroforestry activities with cinnamon as the dominant plant species.
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Jain, Anrudh K. "INFORMATION ABOUT METHODS RECEIVED BY CONTRACEPTIVE USERS IN INDIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 49, no. 6 (November 8, 2016): 798–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932016000602.
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SummaryVery little is known, at national and state levels, about how much information women in India are receiving about the method of contraception they are using. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap in knowledge. A Method Information Index (MII) was calculated from the responses of women who started using a modern contraceptive method five years prior to interview, and who were still using it at the time of interview, in the third National Family Health Survey conducted in India in 2005–06. The women were asked whether at the time they initiated contraceptive use they were told about other methods they could use, the side-effects of their selected method and what to do if they experienced these side-effects. The MII values (percentages of women who responded ‘yes’ to all three questions) were calculated for each category of women’s characteristics to show the relationship between MII and each characteristic. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to assess the independent effect of each variable after controlling for the effects of other variables on MII. The results indicate that contraceptive users in India in 2005–06 were receiving very little information about the method they were using: only 15.6% of contraceptive users reported receiving information on all three items. This low level was prevalent across different socioeconomic strata and across all the major states. There were a few exceptions, but the level was still quite low. Clearly, there is plenty of scope to improve the content of information exchanged between service providers and clients in order to ensure the rights of women to receive services of good quality, as well as improve informed choice and continuity of contraceptive use. Such a focus on improving quality of services is likely to help the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in making its stated transition from a ‘population control centric’ to a ‘reproductive rights based’ approach to family planning in India.
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Prince, Martin J., Mariella Guerra, Yueqin Huang, Peter Lloyd-Sherlock, Ana Luisa Sosa, Richard Uwakwe, Isaac Acosta, et al. "Health and economic correlates of autonomy among older people in Peru, Mexico and China: The 10/66 INDEP study." Wellcome Open Research 3 (May 15, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14556.1.
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Background: While autonomy is highlighted as central to older people’s wellbeing, there has been little empirical research to inform a measurement approach, support construct validity, or establish its determinants. We aimed to study the health and economic correlates of self-perceived autonomy among community-dwelling older people in Peru, Mexico and China, using a hypothesis-driven approach. Methods: Cross-sectional household surveys in urban and rural catchment areas in each country, comprising household, informant, and older person interviews, to elicit household income and older residents’ autonomy, unmet needs, and quality of life. Households, all with older residents, were selected from previous waves of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group’s comprehensive surveys of ageing and health. Results: Among 937 older respondents in 754 households, diminished autonomy was associated with older age, marital status, lower education, and lower household income. Physical, cognitive and mental morbidities, functional impairment and dependence were strongly and independently associated with diminished autonomy, explaining the effect of age. Controlling for these variables, an older person’s current total income was inversely associated with diminished autonomy (Count Ratio per fifth of total income 0.86, 95% CI 0.81-0.91). Autonomy was positively correlated with wellbeing and life satisfaction, supporting construct validity. Counter to hypotheses, less autonomy was associated with fewer unmet needs in rural sites. Conclusions: The effects of income insecurity, disability and dependence upon autonomy should be tested prospectively to confirm causal direction. Social pensions, and measures to support the rights of frail and dependent older people may be effective policy instruments for promoting autonomy. While the negative impact of diminished autonomy upon older people’s welfare is supported, the association in rural sites between more autonomy and more unmet needs should be further investigated; efforts to promote autonomy may need careful cultural nuancing, to support rather than subvert traditional family care systems.
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Hasan, Hasan, Abu Ahmed Shamim, Md Mokbul Hossain, Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif, Moyazzam Hossaine, Mohammad Aman Ullah, Samir Kanti Sarker, et al. "Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Elderly People in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_045.
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Abstract Objectives Double burden of malnutrition (DBM), referred as the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition, is an evolving public health concern. There is a paucity of data about DBM among elderly people in Bangladesh. In the recently completed round of the national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we assessed the prevalence and determinants of DBM among elderly people. Methods In the NNS, we collected data from 30,005 persons in 6 population groups from 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban, and 10 slums) selected using multistage cluster sampling. We collected socio-demographic, life-style and anthropometric data from 4817 respondents aged >60 years. Underweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 and overweight/obesity as BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2. Results The weighted prevalence of underweight was 26.8%, and was higher among elderly aged ≥70 years (34.4%), male (28.5%), non-diabetic (28.5%), rural residents (27.1%) and with inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (27.1%). The weighted prevalence of overweight was 27.0%, and was higher among elderly aged 60–69 years (29.8%), female (30.8), diabetic (51.0%), urban residents (48.2%), with poor physical activity (31.3%), and with inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (27.4%). As education and wealth status increased, the prevalence of underweight decreased and the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased. In multivariable logistic regression, male gender (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18,1.51), being non-diabetic (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.23,1.82), having no education (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.35,2.22), and having adequate physical activity (AOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05,1.35) were associated with underweight. However, urban residency (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.41,2.12), 60–69 years age (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.36,1.85), being female (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.56,2.10), having diabetes (AOR: 2.52, 95% CI:2.07,3.08), being Muslim (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04,1.53), and having inadequate physical activity (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18,1.57) were associated with overweight. Conclusions The overall prevalence of undernutrition and overnutrition is very high among elderly population in Bangladesh. The government together with national and international organizations should implement population-based interventions to prevent and control DBM. Funding Sources Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh.
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Rich, Lauren M. "Family Welfare Receipt, Welfare Benefit Levels, and the Schooling and Employment Status of Male Youth." Social Science Research 28, no. 1 (March 1999): 88–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ssre.1998.0640.
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Uddin, Emaj. "Ethnic Disparity in Family Socioeconomic Status in Bangladesh: Implication for Family Welfare Policy Practice." Global Social Welfare 2, no. 1 (August 5, 2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40609-014-0021-x.
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Ono, Hiromi, and Rosina M. Becerra. "Race, Ethnicity and Nativity, Family Structure, Socioeconomic Status and Welfare Dependency." International Migration Review 34, no. 3 (2000): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2675943.
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Ono, Hiromi, and Rosina M. Becerra. "Race, Ethnicity and Nativity, Family Structure, Socioeconomic Status and Welfare Dependency." International Migration Review 34, no. 3 (September 2000): 739–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400304.
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Ayu, Eka Arynda, and Ida Widaningrum. "Information and Analysis System Stages of Family Welfare in District Balong." Scientific Journal of Informatics 4, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v4i1.7217.
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Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) is a family that formed due to legal marriage, is able to meet the needs of the spiritual and the material that is decent, devoted to God Almighty, have a relationship that is harmonious and balanced between members and between families with the community and the environment. Every year the government to collect data on the status of a prosperous family stage where the purpose of the data collection is in the framework of development and poverty alleviation programs. Data collection process in the District Balong is still done manually so that the risk of error in determining the status of a family stage could happen. Information and analysis system of status stages of family welfare is designed to make web-based officers in the input data and determine the status of a prosperous family stages based on selected indicators of the sheet R/1/KS. Sample of data from Bulukidul village and sub-district village of Balong Ngraket 2014. Results of the system in the form of data reports the results of process steps and the results can be viewed in graphical form. Comparison chart to show the status of the highest percentage of poor welfare families stages. Instead lowest percentage shows the stages of a prosperous family able or rich.
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Cheng, Tyrone Chiwai. "Welfare “Recidivism” among Former Welfare Recipients." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84, no. 1 (January 2003): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.74.
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With welfare reform soundly launched and its effects already praised, it is time to examine its impact on former welfare recipients. A typology of adaptation to welfare—comprising dependency, supplementation, self-reliance, and autonomy—was developed based on former welfare recipients' financial status and employment status. An examination was also made of ways in which welfare recipients changed from more independent modes of adaptation (autonomy and self-reliance) to less independent modes (supplementation and dependency). Using longitudinal data extracted from a U. S. Department of Labor survey, event history analysis was applied to investigate changes in adaptation mode and factors contributing to these changes, among former welfare recipients across a period of 1 8 years. The investigation found that return to welfare was uncommon. Furthermore, the results show that nonpoor former recipients most often joined the ranks of the working poor because of welfare reform, ethnicity, education level, occupational skills, family income, housing subsidy, child care, and prior experience in welfare use. Some nonpoor former recipients who spent long spells in welfare returned to welfare because they suffered income reductions and needed food stamps. Working poor former recipients were likely to become nonpoor if they were married and had no need for child care or food stamps. Working poor White, single mothers with little work experience and little child support were likely to return to welfare and become further dependent on it.
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Tata, Robert J., and Ronald R. Schultz. "World Variation in Human Welfare: A New Index of Development Status." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 78, no. 4 (December 1988): 580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1988.tb00232.x.
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Seong-Ha Hwang. "A Study on the Current Status of Family Welfare Policy in Japan." Japanese Language and Literature Association of Daehan ll, no. 52 (November 2011): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18631/jalali.2011..52.024.
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Butnariu, Anca, and Florin Alexandru Luca. "An index of sustainable economic welfare for Romania." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 8 (December 31, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i8.4543.
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This paper has the objective to develop an Index of Sustainable Welfare for Romania from 1990 to 2017, in order to more clearly establish the status of the Romanian economy in terms of economic welfare. The results show that whilst gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased significantly, the ISEW per capita grew at a much slower pace. The value of household labour contributes strongly to the growth of welfare, but income distribution, costs of climate change, cost of road accidents and cost of air pollution limit an improvement of population economic well-being. Our new valuation approach confirms the general conclusion of most authors on economic development that, during last decades, welfare has shown little improvement in spite of a growing GDP. Our conclusion is that the ISEW provides a useful alternative to indicators such as GDP despite subjected to its limitations and criticism.
Keywords: Economic welfare, GDP, ISEW.
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Hennessy, Judith. "Welfare, Work, and Family Well-Being: A Comparative Analysis of Welfare and Employment Status for Single Female-Headed Families Post-Tanf." Sociological Perspectives 48, no. 1 (March 2005): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.1.77.
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Welfare reform's emphasis on employment and declining caseloads diverts attention from the lack of success experienced by formerly welfare reliant families who participate in paid work. Using data from the 1997 and 1999 National Survey of American Families, this article investigates the effects of participation in paid work for low-income single-parent female-headed families on three important aspects of family well-being: (1) the ability to pay for rent and utilities, (2) postponing needed medical care, and (3) food hardship. Results indicate that full-time employment does not “pay off” for families who have been off welfare for two or more years when compared to families who have never relied on welfare. These findings suggest that policy makers should pay greater attention to structural conditions and expand work supports in constructing welfare policies that work for all low-income families.
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Young, Natalie A. E., and Emily C. Hannum. "Childhood Inequality in China: Evidence from Recent Survey Data (2012–2014)." China Quarterly 236 (October 23, 2018): 1063–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018001303.
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AbstractIn recent decades, China has transformed from a relatively egalitarian society to a highly unequal one. What are the implications of high levels of inequality for the lives of children? Drawing on two nationally representative datasets, the China Family Panel Studies and the China Education Panel Survey, we develop a comprehensive portrait of childhood inequality in post-reform China. Analyses reveal stark disparities between children from different socio-economic backgrounds in family environments and in welfare outcomes, including physical health, psychosocial health and educational performance. We argue that childhood inequality in China is driven not only by the deprivations of poverty but also by the advantages of affluence, as high socio-economic status children diverge from their middle and low socio-economic status counterparts on various family environment and child welfare measures.
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Fodor, Eva, Christy Glass, Janette Kawachi, and Livia Popescu. "Family policies and gender in Hungary, Poland, and Romania." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00030-2.
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This paper discusses changes and new directions in the gendered nature of the welfare state in three post-state socialist societies: Hungary, Poland and Romania. Relying on an analysis of laws and regulations passed after 1989 concerning child care, maternity and parental leave, family support, unemployment and labor market policies, retirement and abortion laws, the authors identify the differences and the similarities among the three countries, pointing out not only their status in 2001, but also their trajectory, the dynamics and timing of their change. The authors argue that there are essential differences between the three countries in terms of women’s relationship to the welfare state. They also specify some of the key historical and social variables which might explain variation across countries.
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Eka, Tiara, Julius Anzar, and Mutiara Budi Azhar. "Family socioeconomic status and weight velocity in children aged 6-24 months." Paediatrica Indonesiana 56, no. 2 (July 19, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi56.2.2016.67-72.
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Background Socioeconomic status is one of the external factors that influences weight velocity.Objective To assess for a correlation between family socioeconomic status and weight velocity.Method This cross-sectional study was performed from October to December 2014. Subjects were patients at community health centers in Palembang, and included by a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected by interviewing mothers using questionaires. We measured the children’s weight and compared it to the previous weight measurement on the Child Health Card (Kartu Menuju Sehat/KMS). Risk of failure to thrive was determined by plotting increments onto the 2009 WHO Growth Velocity Standards Chart. Data were analyzed by Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests.Results The 97 respondents consisted of 74 children (76%) with good weight velocity and 23 children (24%) with risk of failure to thrive. Using indicators of socioeconomic status, we found a significant correlation between the level of family welfare and weight velocity. (PR=48.000; 95%CI 2.3 to 997.1; P=0.016). However, level of maternal education (P=0.788) and the number of children in the family (P=0.550) had no significant correlation to weight velocity. Caregivers of children (P= 0.560) and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (P=0.390) were not confounding variables for weight velocity in this study.Conclusion High to moderate level of family welfare is significantly correlated to good weight velocity. However, weight velocity has no significant correlation to either the level of maternal education or the number of children in the family. Caregivers of children and duration of exclusive breastfeeding are not confounding variables for this study.
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Mohiuddln, Yasmeen. "Country Rankings of Women's Status: An Alternative Index." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4III (December 1, 1995): 1025–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iiipp.1025-1039.
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The purpose of the present paper is to formulate a composite index of the status of women and to rank both developed and developing countries on the basis of that index. This index is presented as an alternative or complement to the current status of women index, published by the Population Crisis Committee (PCC) and used by the World Bank and the United Nations, which focuses on indicators measuring health, education, employment, marriage and childbearing, and social equality. The paper argues that these indicators have a poverty-bias and measure women's status in terms of structural change rather than in terms of their welfare vis-ii-vis men. The PCC index is also based on the implicit assumption that women's status in developing countries ought to be defined in a similar way as in developed countries, thus including primarily only those indicators which are more relevant for developed countries. To remedy these defects, the paper presents an alternative composite index, hereafter labelled the Alternative Composite (AC) index, based on many more indicators reflecting women's issues in both developed and developing countries. The results of the statistical analysis show that the ranking of countries based on the AC index is significantly different from the PCC index.
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Missiriya, Sahbanathul, Mohana Priya, Pavithra G., Pavithran G., Priyanka K., and Sandhiya R. "ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF REPRODUCTIVE AGED TRIBAL WOMEN ON FAMILY WELFARE METHODS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15397.
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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Family welfare program has met with only marginal success due to different levels of awareness and acceptance of methods of family planning in various socioeconomic groups. Unmet needs of family planning are more in tribal population of the country. With this background the study was done to assess the knowledge and practice of family welfare methods among tribal women and to associate the knowledge of family welfare methods with the selected demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was done. Reproductive aged women of 15-45 y were selected by convenient sampling method in the tribal area of Jawadhu hills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 200 women, 188 (94%) of them had inadequate knowledge, 12(6%) had moderate and none of them had adequate knowledge and practice of family welfare methods. There was no significant association between the knowledge and practice of the family welfare methods and the selected demographic variables such as age, educational status and education of her husband, religion, occupation, income, number of living children as well as source of family welfare information.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of contraceptive methods among tribal population is influenced by various factors. Health care provider should find the unmet needs of the individual tribal women before motivating them to adopt any suitable family planning methods to reduce the maternal complications.</p>
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Caputo, Richard K. "Income Inequality and Family Poverty." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, no. 10 (December 1995): 604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507601003.
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The author presents results of research comparing various measures of black and white family income inequality and poverty for the periods 1969–1980 and 1981–1992. The study analyzed main effects for each decade as well as race and interaction effects on several family-income dispersion and poverty measures, including the Gini index and income–poverty ratio. The findings call into question the legitimacy of policies incorporated into the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 and subsequent legislation through the Clinton administration. Economic and social welfare policy options are discussed in light of the findings.
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Baylouny, Anne Marie. "CREATING KIN: NEW FAMILY ASSOCIATIONS AS WELFARE PROVIDERS IN LIBERALIZING JORDAN." International Journal of Middle East Studies 38, no. 3 (August 2006): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743806412381.
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In the decade and a half since economic liberalization began in Jordan, a little noticed but large-scale organizing trend has taken over the formal provision of social welfare, redefining the institutional conception of familial identity in the process. For over one third of the population, kin solidarities have been reorganized, formalized, and registered as nongovernmental organizations in an attempt to cope with the removal of basic social provisioning by the state. Although kinship clearly has been a major element in Jordan's history, the present phenomena alter traditional familial institutions, change kin lineages, and institutionalize the economic salience of family relations. In turn, the relationship of the populace to the state has changed, marginalizing previously regime-supporting groups and facilitating the implementation of economic neoliberalism without significant protest. Repackaged as charitable elements of civil society, these family associations are sanctioned and encouraged by the state and international community. Although they are not regime creations, family associations reinforce the Jordanian regime's efforts at political deliberalization. The new elites who head the organizations have been placated through indirect incorporation into the regime; they now wield significant economic power over fellow kin and have enhanced social status backed by the new group. Furthermore, the trend mainly consists of families without immediate ambitions of entering national politics. These are not the traditional elite families.
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Matthews, Lindsay R. "Methodologies by which to study and evaluate welfare issues facing livestock systems of production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08011.
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The viability of livestock farming requires practices that are not only productive and profitable but fit with society’s expectations on ethical dimensions such as animal welfare. Scientific methodologies for the evaluation of welfare issues and welfare status that reflect the diversity of ethical views about animal welfare are required. Unfortunately, there is no comprehensive, fully validated system for evaluating the welfare standards of livestock in New Zealand, Australia or elsewhere. Development of appropriate welfare assessment methodologies that are credible to all stakeholders will require a better understanding of: (i) changes in physical health and functioning that correspond with different levels of welfare; (ii) the capacities of livestock to experience negative and positive mental states and associated levels of welfare; (iii) the ways that separate measures and welfare attributes can be weighted and integrated to give an overall index of welfare; and (iv) validated, practical measurement tools for use in the production environment. It is argued that an animal-centric approach is required to achieve these aims, particularly the use of measures that reflect not just the responses of animals, but their perceptions as well. Further, there is a need to extend the perceptions approach from the current focus on measurement of resources that animals need (or need to avoid), to measurement of perceptions about health states. Existing and novel techniques based on behavioural economics offer the most promise for achieving these aims. A similar animal-centric, perception approach offers a novel method for developing an overall index of welfare that allows integration of welfare status across welfare domains and reflects the animals’ views (rather than human judgement, as at present). Conventional wisdom has it that animal welfare is high in pastoral production systems typical for Australasia. The reality of this perception awaits the further development and application of comprehensive practical, validated welfare monitoring methodologies.
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Navaitis, Gediminas, Gintaras Labutis, and Brigita Kairienė. "THE MARITAL STATUS AND THE HAPPINESS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (May 26, 2016): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol1.1513.
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The changes in the family as the social institution that are described as the second demographic transition revealed the reality of new social links, affected the selection of the strategies and methods of family establishment and led to the family de-institutionalization processes. The changes had also affected the status of formal and informal roles in the family. Those changes catalyzed the greater variety of families and households which can be illustrated by the spread of cohabitation and the increased numbers of children born outside the traditional marriage. The above changes demonstrate the conscious choices to family relationship building. Present research paper aims to find out how does the human happiness which is mostly described by a subjective well-being index depend on the family status.
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Monti, Luciano. "How the Financial Sector Could Fight The Increasing Generational Divide (1)." Review of European Studies 10, no. 2 (March 30, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n2p89.
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How can the financial system support young people’s social and economic development? Is the financing of startups the only way to combat the growing generational divide in Europe? This paper, using the Generational Divide Index, focusses on four domains: Financing, Income, Wealth and Family Welfare—to demonstrate why financial regulation should intervene during a young person’s life to combat emerging intergenerational inequalities. The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which the Credit, Wealth and Family Welfare domains affect the generational divide—referring, in particular, to the new Generational Divide Index (GDI 2.0) indicators—which have been recently modified with a new set of sub-indicators in the domains of Financing, Income, and Wealth.
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Rodriguez, E. "The relation of family violence, employment status, welfare benefits, and alcohol drinking in the United States." Western Journal of Medicine 174, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.5.317.
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Cheng, Lingjuan, Wei Zou, and Kaifeng Duan. "The Influence of New Agricultural Business Entities on the Economic Welfare of Farmer’s Families." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090880.
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Promoting the coordinated development of new agricultural business entities and small farmers is an important way to realize rural revitalization. It is undoubtedly of great significance to clarify the impact and its mechanism of new agricultural business entities on the economic welfare of farmers’ families. Based on the 2015 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data, this paper builds a theoretical analytical framework of “new agricultural business entities—non-agricultural employment and agricultural output—economic welfare of farmers’ family”. From the intermediary perspective of the non-agricultural employment and agricultural output, it empirically tests the impact of new agricultural business entities on the economic welfare of farmers’ families by combining the analysis methods of the benchmark regression and intermediary effect. The research shows that: (1) New agricultural business entities promote the improvement of the economic welfare of farmers’ families. The specific manifestation is that the existence of new agricultural business entities can not only increase the per capita annual income of farmers’ families, but also promote the per capita consumption expenditure of farmers’ families in the village. (2) Non-agricultural employment and agricultural output have a significant mediating effect in the impact of new agricultural business entities on the economic welfare of farmers’ families. (3) In addition to key variables, variables such as education, political status, and family status are also key factors affecting the economic welfare of farmers’ families. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy recommendations such as cultivating high-quality new agricultural business entities, strengthening farmers’ technical training, and optimizing rural residents’ policies.
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Chowdhury, Imru Al Quais. "Mothers’ Employment and Nutritional Status of Under-five Children Attending Selected Child Welfare Centre, Dhaka Cantonment." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 16, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v16i1.53832.
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Introduction: Nutritional status of children is one of the major predictors of child survivors and a proxy indicator for assessing the entire population health status. Despite the various efforts, malnutrition among children is remaining as a major public health problem in Bangladesh. Maternal employment status exerts strong influence over child nutrition status. Aim: To find out the effect of maternal employment on nutritional status of 0-59 month-old children attending Malabika CWC at Dhaka Cantonment. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at ‘Malabika’ Child Welfare Centre at Dhaka Cantonment from 01 March 2012 to 30 June 2012. A total of 110 children were selected conveniently. Data were collected from mothers by face to face interview and analyzed by SPSS 19. Association was assessed with Chi square test. The prevalence of malnutrition assessed by different indices of nutritional status based on Weight for Age Z-score, Height for Age Z-score and Weight for Height Z –Score following the WHO and NCHS guidelines and cut-off points. Results: The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was found to be 61.4%, 56.3% and 61.3% among the children of employed mother respectively. These all 3 prevalence are higher than the children of unemployed mothers. The association between nutritional status of under-five children of employed and non-employed mothers was found statistically significant (p<0.05). Nutritional status of employed mothers ’children were found worsen than unemployed mothers’ children. Conclusion: This study provides an account of still high prevalence of malnutrition which trade-off between mothers’ employment and children’s nutritional status. Addressing factors like family size, duration of breast feeding, empowering women, monthly family income, mothers’ education are key efforts to reduce child’s malnutrition. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 1 (June) 2020: 58-60
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Warner, Daniel, Elsa Vasseur, Marianne Villettaz Robichaud, Steve Adam, Doris Pellerin, Daniel M. Lefebvre, and René Lacroix. "Development of a Benchmarking Tool for Dairy Herd Management Using Routinely Collected Herd Records." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091689.
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Continuous assessment of the herd status is important in order to monitor and adjust to changes in the welfare and health status but can be time consuming and expensive. In this study, herd status indicators from routinely collected dairy herd improvement (DHI) records were used to develop a remote herd assessment tool with the aim to help producers and advisors benchmark the herd status and identify herd management issues affecting welfare and health. Thirteen DHI indicators were selected from an initial set of 72 potential indicators collected on 4324 dairy herds in Eastern Canada. Data were normalized to percentile ranks and aggregated to a composite herd status index (HSI) with equal weights among indicators. Robustness analyses indicated little fluctuation for herds with a small HSI (low status) or large HSI (high status), suggesting that herds in need of support could be prioritized and effectively monitored over time, limiting the need for time-consuming farm visits. This tool allows evaluating herds relative to their peers through the composite index and highlighting specific areas with opportunities for improvements through the individual indicators. This procedure could be applied to similar multidimensional livestock farming issues, such as environmental and socio-economic studies.
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Nilakusmawati, Desak Putu Eka, Made Susilawati, and Geoffrey Wall. "A Welfare Model of Street Vendors: Cases from Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i3.14973.
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This study determines the socio-economic characteristics of street vendors in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia and proposes a welfare model to examine their well-being. The results showed that street vendors in Denpasar are mostly male, married, with an average age of 39. Most are recent migrants who rent their housing. The majority sell food and beverages from carts and work almost 8 hours per day. Most are self-employed and may be assisted by family labor. Most do not do bookkeeping for their business activities and many are not registered businesses. Most have little access to capital and do not participate in empowerment programs in the form of education/training in business skills. Binary logistic regression analysis shows that the incomes of street vendors are related positively to marital status, age, employment status, physical facilities, and presence of bookkeeping.
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Rodriguez, E. "Family violence, employment status, welfare benefits, and alcohol drinking in the United States: what is the relation?" Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 55, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.55.3.172.
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Mundhe, Nitin, Dhondiram Pawar, and Priyanka Rokade. "Status of Human Development in Maharashtra: A District Level Analysis." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i3.2445.
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The Human Development Index (HDI) is a relative measure of the country’s life expectancy, literacy, education, and living standards. It is a standard measure of wellbeing, especially of child welfare. The present study is an attempt to bring out the inter-district disparities in terms of human development in Maharashtra, applying the human development index method based on the optimal combination of selected human development indicators. Furthermore, to compare the levels of human development between the different districts through choropleth maps. The result shows that two districts are in the less developed category, i.e., Nandurbar and Gadchiroli, and rests of the 33 districts are included in the moderately high and very high human development group.
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Bradley, Robert H., Bettye M. Caldwell, Stephen L. Rock, Patrick M. Casey, and Joann Nelson. "The Early Development of Low-Birthweight Infants: Relationship to Health, Family Status, Family Context, Family Processes, and Parenting." International Journal of Behavioral Development 10, no. 3 (September 1987): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548701000303.
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This study examines the early development of low birthweight infants and its relationship to five categories of medical and environmental variables: (1) health; (2) family status; (3) family context; (4) family process; and (5) parenting. Results showed that scores on the Bayley Mental Development Index. (MDI) at 18 months were related to all five categories of variables. However, most correlations were only moderate in strength (0.3 to 0.5) and four of the. five categories could be represented by only a single variable within the category. Multiple regression analyses indicated that family context and family process variables were not as highly related to MDI as family status, medical problems, and parenting were. The most efficient prediction of MDI was obtained using a combination of two HOME subscales, variety of stimulation and organisation of the environment, plus the 5-minute APGAR (R = 0.59).
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Wei, R. P., F. C. Yeh, and D. Lindgren. "Expected gain and status number following restricted individual and combined-index selection." Genome 40, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-001.
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Imposition of restrictions on number of individuals selected from a family and number of families from which superior individuals are selected could markedly alter the consequences of individual and combined-index selection. Predicted genetic gain and diversity measured as status number following selection were studied to draw general conclusions. Selection and its prediction were applied to two sets of real-life data. Theoretical prediction gave results close to those from factual selection. Gain and status number varied with initial family number and size, sib type, heritability, selection proportion, restriction type and intensity, and selection criteria. Proper restriction on the number of individuals selected can control the reduction of status number to an acceptable level, particularly when breeding values are used as the selection criterion. Restriction on the number of families selected would effectively improve the gain efficiency of selection based on phenotypic values. Choosing combinations of both restrictions might produce higher gain without the loss of status number. Given constant population size, family number should be large enough to ensure that restricted selection will yield higher gain and status number.Key words: restricted selection, phenotype, breeding value, genetic gain, effective size.
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A Rahim, Nur, Yit Chin, and Norhasmah Sulaiman. "Socio-Demographic Factors and Body Image Perception Are Associated with BMI-For-Age among Children Living in Welfare Homes in Selangor, Malaysia." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010142.
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Considering the double burden of malnutrition in Malaysia, data on malnourished children living in welfare homes are limited. This study aimed to determine the body weight status of children living in welfare homes and its associated factors. A total of 307 children aged 7–17 years old living in 15 selected welfare homes completed a standardized questionnaire, and their body weight and height were measured by trained researchers. There were 54.4% orphans, 23.8% abandoned children, and 21.8% children from problematic families. There were 51.5% boys and 48.5% girls; 52.4% were Malays, followed by 31.3% Indians, 12.7% Chinese, and 3.6% from other ethnic groups. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (23.1%) was higher than the prevalence of thinness (8.5%). In bivariate analyses, socio-demographic factors of age (p = 0.003), sex (p = 0.0001), ethnicity (p = 0.001), and welfare home enrollment status (p = 0.003), and psychological factors of self-esteem (p = 0.003), body shape dissatisfaction (p = 0.0001), and underestimation of body weight status (p = 0.002), were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI)-for-age. In the multiple linear regression analysis, children who were either Malays (β = 0.492) or Chinese (β = 0.678), with a status of being abandoned (β = 0.409), with body shape dissatisfaction (β = 0.457), and underestimated body weight status (β = 0.628) significantly explained 39.7% of the variances in higher BMI-for-age (F = 39.550; p < 0.05). Besides socio-demographic background, the current findings emphasized the importance of incorporating body image perception in an obesity prevention intervention program in welfare homes.
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Buss, Christopher. "Public opinion towards targeted labour market policies: A vignette study on the perceived deservingness of the unemployed." Journal of European Social Policy 29, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928718757684.
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The issue of welfare targeting is back on the political agenda in European welfare states. Benefit recipients are subject to different rules, depending on age, family status and work. For instance, strict conditions and harsh sanctions apply, in particular, to young unemployed people. This article investigates public opinion towards welfare targeting in three policy areas – unemployment benefits, conditionality of benefits and sanctions – and utilizes a factorial vignette experiment presented within a representative German survey. The results suggest strong support for welfare targeting. Respondents are more likely to offer generous benefits and fewer obligations and sanctions to unemployed people who are elderly, have caring responsibilities, are of German ethnicity and have high job-seeking ambitions. The negative effect of foreign ethnicity is moderated by the ideological standpoint of the respondent, highlighting the mechanisms underlying welfare chauvinism. Accordingly, policy support strongly depends on the individual circumstances of the affected target group.
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Hogan, Richard, and Carolyn Cummings Perrucci. "We Know about Reagan, but Was there a Clinton Effect? Earnings by Race, Gender, Marital and Family Status, 1993 and 2000." Critical Sociology 46, no. 1 (October 4, 2018): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920518798081.
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Radical and mainstream social scientists still speak of the effect of President Ronald Reagan’s administration on the welfare state and the legacy of Great Society and Equal Opportunity programs, but, as indicated in a search of the American Sociological Review and Critical Sociology, there is less research focused on President Bill Clinton’s plan to end welfare as we knew it. Here we begin with an historical perspective on race and gender gaps, 1955–2016, including a consideration of macro-economic processes associated with postmodernism. Then we compare the effects of marital and family status on earnings, focusing on race and gender effects, at the beginning (1993) and end (2000) of the Clinton era. We find considerable support for the concerns raised by early radical critics, notably, evidence of an influx of low-income black single mothers. We consider the possibility that these are institutional rather than regime effects, in conclusion.
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Tosepu, Ramadhan, Devi Savitri Effendy, Hartati Bahar, La Ode Ali Imran Ahmad, Ambo Sakka, Pitrah Asfian, and Hariati Lestari. "Did Indonesia achieve the MDGs goals by 2015 ?" Public Health of Indonesia 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36685/phi.v2i1.38.
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MDGs 2015 are the program for the welfare of society. The countries that show the great achievement of MDGs goals remain the successful of the government of the countries. This paper aimed to provide the knowledge regarding the achievement of Indonesia in MDGs goals. The achievement could be seen from the distribution of poverty, Health development index, Nutritional status, maternal mortality, and Malaria status in Indonesia.