Journal articles: 'Family violence Victoria'

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Tyson, Danielle, Deborah Kirkwood, and Mandy Mckenzie. "Family Violence in Domestic Homicides." Violence Against Women 23, no. 5 (July 9, 2016): 559–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216647796.

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This article examines the impact of legislative reforms enacted in 2005 in Victoria, Australia, on legal responses to women charged with murder for killing their intimate partner. The reforms provided for a broader understanding of the context of family violence to be considered in such cases, but we found little evidence of this in practice. This is partly attributable to persistent misconceptions among the legal profession about family violence and why women may believe it necessary to kill a partner. We recommend specialized training for legal professionals and increased use of family violence evidence to help ensure women’s claims of self-defense receive appropriate responses from Victorian courts.

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Breman, Rachel, Ann MacRae, and Dave Vicary. "Child-Perpetrated Family Violence in Kinship Care in Victoria." Children Australia 43, no. 3 (June 26, 2018): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.28.

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There is growing evidence to support our understanding of adolescent violence in the home, however, there is a paucity of research about child-perpetrated violence that occurs within the context of kinship care. In 2017, Baptcare commenced research with 101 kinship carers in Victoria to gain a better understanding of how family violence was impacting on children and families. This research included a focus on child-perpetrated violence directed towards carers once the kinship placement commenced. In this context, family violence means any act of physical violence, emotional/psychological violence, verbal abuse and property damage caused by the child. This study utilised an online survey and semi-structured interviews that specifically targeted kinship carers who had direct experience of family violence. Findings demonstrated the disturbing types of child-perpetrated violent and aggressive behaviours kinship carers experienced. The data indicates that incidents of violence occurred early in the placement, they occurred frequently, and carers experienced multiple acts of violence from the child. The impact of the violence on the carer's household is significant in terms of the carer's health, wellbeing and placement stability. Further, the findings highlight the transgenerational nature of family violence in the context of kinship care in Victoria. The study described in this paper is the first step in understanding and exposing this complex issue and draws attention to some of the significant issues confronting Victorian kinship families experiencing family violence. This paper will describe the approach that Baptcare is taking to address family violence in its kinship-care programs.

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Breman, Rachel, Ann MacRae, and Dave Vicary. "‘The Hidden Victims’–Family Violence in Kinship Care in Victoria." Children Australia 43, no. 3 (May 16, 2018): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.15.

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Family violence is endemic. It has a dramatic and negative impact upon the victims and the family systems in which it occurs. While there is a growing evidence base to support our understanding, prevention and treatment of family violence, little is known about some of its “hidden victims” (e.g., kinship carers). In 2017, Baptcare commenced research with 101 kinship carers in Victoria to gain a better understanding of how family violence, perpetrated by the child's close family member once the placement started, was impacting on children and families. In this context, family violence means any act of physical violence, emotional/psychological violence, verbal abuse and property damage. The study utilised a mixed design methodology that specifically targeted kinship carers who had direct experience of family violence. Findings from this study demonstrated that (1) many kinship carers, and the children in their care, experienced family violence early in the placement, (2) that the violence occurred frequently and (3) the incidents of violence did not occur in isolation. Carers sought support from multiple sources to deal with the family violence, however, the study illustrated that the usefulness of these supports varied. Additionally, findings highlighted reasons why many kinship carers felt reluctant to file a report to end the violence. The study described in this paper is the first step in understanding and exposing this multifaceted issue and delineates some of the major issues confronting Victorian kinship carers experiencing family violence – and the support required to ensure the safety of them and the children they care for. This paper will describe the approach that Baptcare is taking to address family violence in kinship care in western metropolitan Melbourne. This is the second paper in a three-part series relating to family violence in kinship care.

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Alexander, Renata. "Family Violence in Victoria: A Recent History." Alternative Law Journal 33, no. 2 (June 2008): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0803300211.

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Breman, Rachel, Ann MacRae, and Dave Vicary. "‘It's Been an Absolute Nightmare’ – Family Violence in Kinship Care in Victoria." Children Australia 43, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.8.

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Kinship care has become the fastest growing form of out-of-home care in Victoria and is the preferred placement option for children who are unable to live with their parents. Little is known about family violence in kinship care that is perpetrated by a close family member of the child in care (usually the child's mother/father) against the carer(s) and children once the placement has started. In this context, family violence means any act of physical violence, emotional/psychological violence, verbal abuse and property damage. In 2017, Baptcare undertook research with 101 kinship carers to gain a better understanding of how family violence was impacting on children and families in kinship care in Victoria. The study used a mixed design that specifically targeted kinship carers who had direct experience of family violence during their placement. This study has demonstrated that significant amounts of violence from family members are being experienced by kinship carers in Victoria and the children in their care. As a response to these findings, Baptcare is proactively addressing family violence in kinship care, across a range of domains, to provide solutions to the issues identified in this research.

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Segrave, Marie, Dean Wilson, and Kate Fitz-Gibbon. "Policing intimate partner violence in Victoria (Australia): Examining police attitudes and the potential of specialisation." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865816679686.

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The adequacy of police responses to intimate partner violence has long animated scholarly debate, review and legislative change. While there have been significant shifts in community recognition of and concern about intimate partner violence, particularly in the wake of the Victorian Royal Commission into Family Violence, it nonetheless remains a significant form of violence and harm across Australian communities and a key issue for police, as noted in the report and recommendations of the Royal Commission. This article draws on findings from semi-structured interviews (n = 163) with police in Victoria and pursues two key inter-related arguments. The first is that police attitudes towards incidents of intimate partner violence remain overwhelmingly negative. Despite innovations in policy and training, we suggest that this consistent dissatisfaction with intimate partner violence incidents as a policing task indicates a significant barrier, possibly insurmountable, to attempts to reform the policing of intimate partner violence via force-wide initiatives and the mobilisation of general duties for this purpose. Consequently, our second argument is that specialisation via a commitment to dedicated intimate partner violence units – implemented more consistently and comprehensively than Victoria Police has to date – extends the greatest promise for effective policing of intimate partner violence in the future.

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Yates, Sophie. "Gender, context and constraint: Framing family violence in Victoria." Women's Studies International Forum 78 (January 2020): 102321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.102321.

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Adams, Catina, Leesa Hooker, and Angela Taft. "Threads of Practice: Enhanced Maternal and Child Health Nurses Working With Women Experiencing Family Violence." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 8 (January 2021): 233339362110517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333936211051703.

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Family violence is a serious public health issue with significant health consequences for women and children. Enhanced Maternal and Child Health nurses (EMCH) in Victoria, Australia, work with women experiencing family violence; however, scholarly examination of the clinical work of nurses has not occurred. This qualitative study explored how EMCH nurses work with women experiencing abuse, describing the personal and professional challenges for nurses undertaking family violence work. Twenty-five nurses participated in semi-structured interviews. Using interpretive description methodology has enabled an insight into nurses' family violence work. Threads of practice identified included (1) Validating/Reframing; (2) Non-judgmental support/Safeguarding and (3) Following/Leading. The nurses highlighted the diversity of experience for women experiencing abuse and nurses' roles in family violence nurse practice. The research contributes to understanding how EMCH nurses traverse threads of practice to support women experiencing family violence.

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Naylor, Bronwyn, and Danielle Tyson. "Reforming Defences to Homicide in Victoria: Another Attempt to Address the Gender Question." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i3.414.

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In 2005 in the Australian state of Victoria, significant changes were made to the defences to homicide. These reforms were in response to long standing concerns about the gendered operation of provocation and self-defence by feminist researchers and advocates, Law Reform Commissions, the media and political pressures. This paper critically examines the reforms and the extent to which they have addressed these varied concerns and interests. The paper argues that these important law reforms have challenged some of the powerful narratives being used in the courts that minimise the existence and significance of family violence in intimate relationships. We see this particularly in judicial sentencing remarks. However, law reform must be accompanied by a shift in legal culture to be effective in practice. To this end, we argue that legal professionals need to have information about how to utilise the new family violence provisions as well as ongoing training and professional development to promote consistent understandings of family violence across the criminal justice system.

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Sarkar, Reena, Joan Ozanne-Smith, Joanna F. Dipnall, and Richard Bassed. "Population study of orofacial injuries in adult family violence homicides in Victoria, Australia." Forensic Science International 316 (November 2020): 110467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110467.

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McEwan, Troy E., Daniel E. Shea, and James R. P. Ogloff. "The Development of the VP-SAFvR: An Actuarial Instrument for Police Triage of Australian Family Violence Reports." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 4 (October 12, 2018): 590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818806031.

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This study describes the rationale, development, and validation of the Victoria Police Screening Assessment for Family Violence Risk (VP-SAFvR). The actuarial instrument was developed on a sample of 24,446 Australian police reports from 2013-2014. Information from each report and criminal histories of those involved were collected with 12-month follow-up, and binary logistic regression used to develop an improper predictive model. The selected VP-SAFvR cut-off score correctly identified almost three quarters of cases with further reports, while half of those without were accurately excluded. It was effective for frontline police triage decision-making, with few screened-out cases reporting further family violence, while those screened-in required additional risk assessment. Predictive validity was adequate and consistent across family relationships and demographic groups, although it was less effective in predicting future family violence reports involving same-sex couples or child perpetrators. Further evaluation in a field trial is necessary to determine the validity of the VP-SAFvR in practice.

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Richardson, Cathy, and Allan Wade. "Islands of Safety: Restoring Dignity in Violence-Prevention Work with Indigenous Families." First Peoples Child & Family Review 5, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069070ar.

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Islands of Safety is a model and process designed in conjunction with Métis Community Services in Victoria, B.C. Based on a focus of human dignity and resistance, safety knowledges of women and Indigenous peoples, Islands of Safety was created by Métis family therapist Cathy Richardson and developer of response-based therapy Allan Wade. The initial stages of project design, pilot project implementation were funded by the Law Foundation of B.C. Resembling family group conferencing on the surface but rooted in different philosophical terrain, the Islands of Safety process is based on the understanding that people resist violence and prefer respect.

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McEwan, Troy E., Stuart Bateson, and Susanne Strand. "Improving police risk assessment and management of family violence through a collaboration between law enforcement, forensic mental health and academia." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2017-0004.

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Purpose Police play an essential role in reducing harms associated with family violence by identifying people at increased risk of physical or mental health-related harm and linking them with support services. Yet police are often poorly trained and resourced to conduct the kind of assessments necessary to identify family violence cases presenting with increased risk. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper describes a multi-project collaboration between law enforcement, forensic mental health, and academia that has over three years worked to improve risk assessment and management of family violence by police in Victoria, Australia. Findings Evaluation of existing risk assessment instruments used by the state-wide police force showed they were ineffective in predicting future police reports of family violence (AUC=0.54-0.56). However, the addition of forensic psychology expertise to specialist family violence teams increased the number of risk management strategies implemented by police, and suggested that the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk assessment instrument may be appropriate for use by Australian police (AUC=0.63). Practical implications The practical implications of this study are as follows: police risk assessment procedures should be subject to independent evaluation to determine whether they are performing as intended; multidisciplinary collaboration within police units can improve police practice; drawing on expertise from agencies external to police offers a way to improve evidence-based policing, and structured professional judgement risk assessment can be used in policing contexts with appropriate training and support. Originality/value The paper describes an innovative collaboration between police, mental health, and academia that is leading to improved police practices in responding to family violence. It includes data from the first evaluation of an Australian risk assessment instrument for family violence, and describes methods of improving police systems for responding to family violence.

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Ross, Stuart, Lucy Healey, Kristin Diemer, and Cathy Humphreys. "Providing an Integrated Response to Family Violence: Governance Attributes of Local Networks in Victoria." Australian Journal of Public Administration 75, no. 2 (September 10, 2015): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12162.

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Zark, Laura, Stefanie M. Hammond, Angela Williams, and Jennifer L. Pilgrim. "Family violence in Victoria, Australia: a retrospective case-control study of forensic medical casework." International Journal of Legal Medicine 133, no. 5 (January 25, 2019): 1537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02000-9.

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Ebobo Urowoli, Christiana. "Comparative analysis of domestic violence between illiterate and educated families in ETI-OSA LGA, Lagos State." Reality of Politics 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop2021402.

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Universally, men and women suffer in relationships before or after marriage which is detrimental to health. This paper examined the percentage of intimate partner violence in both the highly educated and not educated families to assertain which one has a higher percentage of violence than the other. It also aimed to investigate variations in causes of intimate partner violence in both family types and to examine the effects of violence on both families. The study adopted purposive sampling among market women and civil servants on Eti-Osa Local Government Area, Victoria Island, Lagos. The techniques of enquiry are questionnaire and interview among these chosen classes of people. The sample size is 200; 100 men and 100 women. The paper concluded that the percentage of domestic violence is higher in the illiterate families, though the causes and effects are slightly different. The paper recommended education to curb domestic violence in the society.

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Reid, Carol, and Kaye Ervin. "Prevalence of adolescent violence in the home and service system capacity in rural Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 2 (2015): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14079.

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Adolescent violence in the home (AVITH) is increasing. In Victoria alone, police call-out data indicates a consistent 9% rise per annum from 2006. Community services are struggling to provide a cohesive response to this issue. This study examined the prevalence, risk factors and service system capacity regarding AVITH in Mitchell Shire, a geographical location in central Victoria. The results of the study revealed that specific funding was perceived by organisations to be the single highest need in regards to this phenomenon. Recommendations for the service system in Mitchell Shire included a collaborative approach to establish assessment guidelines, referral pathways and protocols for responding to the disclosure of AVITH. To effectively support workers in Mitchell Shire, a quality service system response would involve the development of common standards of practices across these processes. The methodology used with the AVITH Service System Capacity Assessment Survey, specifically developed for this study, may provide a useful tool for other locations investigating service gaps and needs in relation to adolescent family violence.

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Cleak, Helen, Margot J. Schofield, Lauren Axelsen, and Andrew Bickerdike. "Screening for Partner Violence Among Family Mediation Clients: Differentiating Types of Abuse." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 7 (December 16, 2015): 1118–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515614559.

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Family mediation is mandated in Australia for couples in dispute over separation and parenting as a first step in dispute resolution, except where there is a history of intimate partner violence. However, validation of effective well-differentiated partner violence screening instruments suitable for mediation settings is at an early phase of development. This study contributes to calls for better violence screening instruments in the mediation context to detect a differentiated range of abusive behaviors by examining the reliability and validity of both established scales, and newly developed scales that measured intimate partner violence by partner and by self. The study also aimed to examine relationships between types of abuse, and between gender and types of abuse. A third aim was to examine associations between types of abuse and other relationship indicators such as acrimony and parenting alliance. The data reported here are part of a larger mixed method, naturalistic longitudinal study of clients attending nine family mediation centers in Victoria, Australia. The current analyses on baseline cross-sectional screening data confirmed the reliability of three subscales of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), and the reliability and validity of three new scales measuring intimidation, controlling and jealous behavior, and financial control. Most clients disclosed a history of at least one type of violence by partner: 95% reported psychological aggression, 72% controlling and jealous behavior, 50% financial control, and 35% physical assault. Higher rates of abuse perpetration were reported by partner versus by self, and gender differences were identified. There were strong associations between certain patterns of psychologically abusive behavior and both acrimony and parenting alliance. The implications for family mediation services and future research are discussed.

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Castelino, Tracy, and Carolyn C. Whitzman. "The rhetoric and reality of preventing family violence at the local governance level in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Family Studies 14, no. 2-3 (October 2008): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jfs.327.14.2-3.310.

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Kennedy, Michelle, Tess Bright, Simon Graham, Christina Heris, Shannon K. Bennetts, Renee Fiolet, Elise Davis, et al. "“You Can’t Replace That Feeling of Connection to Culture and Country”: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Parents’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416724.

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This Aboriginal-led study explores Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents’ experiences of COVID-19. 110 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents were interviewed between October 2020 and March 2022. Participants were recruited through community networks and partner health services in South Australia, Victoria, and Northern Territory, Australia. Participants were predominantly female (89%) and based in Victoria (47%) or South Australia (45%). Inductive thematic analysis identified three themes: (1) Changes to daily living; (2) Impact on social and emotional wellbeing; and (3) Disconnection from family, community, and culture. COVID-19 impacted Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. Disruption to cultural practice, and disconnection from country, family, and community was detrimental to wellbeing. These impacts aggravated pre-existing inequalities and may continue to have greater impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents and communities due to intergenerational trauma, stemming from colonisation, violence and dispossession and ongoing systemic racism. We advocate for the development of a framework that ensures an equitable approach to future public health responses for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

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Basu, Soumya, and Anton N. Isaacs. "Profile of transcultural patients in a regional Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in Gippsland, Australia: The need for a multidimensional understanding of the complexities." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019835264.

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Background: Several childhood stressors related to immigration have been documented, and it is important for clinicians to understand and address the various factors that may lead to or act as maintaining factors of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Aims: To describe the cultural profile of transcultural patients presenting to a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) in regional Victoria and identify the most common disorders and psychosocial stressors they presented with. Method: Descriptive analysis was applied to 101 case records of patients with a transcultural background who attended the CAMHS of Latrobe Regional Hospital in Gippsland Victoria from 2013 to 2017. The Adverse Childhood Experience questionnaire was retrospectively applied to capture psychosocial stressors such as ‘bullying’, ‘racism’ and ‘family conflict’, sexual abuse, physical violence, parents with mental illness and parental substance use. Results: Almost 60% of patients were male and over 46% Aboriginal. Those from a non-Aboriginal background belonged to 19 different cultural entities, the most common of which was a mixed Asian and European heritage. The most common diagnoses were disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (38.6%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (32.7%) and developmental trauma disorder (26.7%). The most common psychosocial stressors were conflict and death in the family (44.6%), domestic violence (41.6%) and emotional abuse (34.7%). ‘Parent in jail’ and ‘domestic violence’ were associated with having an Aboriginal background ( p < .005). ‘Cultural differences with parent’ was associated with a non-Aboriginal background ( p < .005). Conclusion: This study provides a snapshot of challenges faced by children from different cultural backgrounds while adjusting in a rural area in Australia. A broad-based formulation and cultural awareness by clinicians can enable a better understanding of the complexities, guide management plans and inform public health policies for primary prevention and early intervention.

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Wake, Nicola. "‘His home is his castle. And mine is a cage’: a new partial defence for primary victims who kill." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 66, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v66i2.148.

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This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Crimes Amendment (Abolition of Defensive Homicide) Act 2014 which had the effect of repealing the Australian state of Victoria’s only general ‘partial defence’ of defensive homicide, and replaced the existing statutory self-defence in murder/manslaughter provisions and general common law self-defence rules with a single test. The abolition of defensive homicide means there is now no general ‘partial defence’ to accommodate cases falling short of self-defence. The change is likely to mean that some primary victims will find themselves bereft of a defence. This is the experience in New Zealand where the Family Violence Death Review Committee recently recommended the reintroduction of a partial defence, postabolition of provocation in 2009. Primary victims in New Zealand are being convicted of murder and sentences are double those issued pre-2009. Both jurisdictions require that a new partial defence be introduced, and accordingly, an entirely new defence predicated on a fear of serious violence and several threshold filter mechanisms designed to accommodate the circumstances of primary victims is advanced herein. The proposed framework draws upon earlier recommendations of the Law Commission for England and Wales, and a comprehensive review of the operation of ss 54 and 55 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, but the novel framework rejects the paradoxical loss of self-control requirement and sexed normative standard operating within that jurisdiction. The recommendations are complemented by social framework evidence and mandatory jury directions, modelled on the law in Victoria. A novel interlocutory appeal procedure designed to prevent unnecessary appellate court litigation is also outlined. This bespoke model provides an appropriate via media and optimal solution to the problems faced by primary victims in Victoria and New Zealand.

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Cho, Melinda Yunkyo, Gemma McKibbin, and Mohajer A. Hameed. "General Practitioners’ Perspectives about Addressing Family Violence with Men from Refugee and Immigrant Backgrounds in Victoria, Australia." Open Journal of Social Sciences 09, no. 10 (2021): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.910022.

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Zark, Laura, Jennifer Pilgrim, and Maaike Moller. "Family violence in Victoria: a retrospective case-control study of forensic medical casework and its context in an evolving landscape of reform." Pathology 50 (February 2018): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.12.060.

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Martin, Patrick, and John Finnis. "Tyrwhitt of Kettleby, Part I: Goddard Tyrwhitt, Martyr, 1580." Recusant History 26, no. 2 (October 2002): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200030892.

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Nor must we think them only to achieve this triumph, who by apparent violence, by wounds or effusion of blood conclude their life: but all they, though never so unknown, whose days by imprisonment, banishment or any other oppression are abridged in defence of the Catholic FaithAmong the most prominent Lincolnshire families in Tudor and Jacobean times were the Tyrwhitts of Kettleby and Twigmore. Other Lincolnshire branches of the family were seated at Scotter, Cammeringham and Stainfield. The Victoria County History of Lincolnshire says, ‘To follow various members of the Tyrwhitt family, whose names re-appear from first to last in connexion with Romanist sympathy, is to trace the history of recusancy in the county.’ But some important parts of the history of the Kettleby Tyrwhitts have been confused or overlooked by historians, and the record should be corrected. Here we shall focus on one of the sons of Sir Robert Tyrwhitt of Kettleby, a son who died in prison in 1580. In a further article we will identify a grandson of Sir Robert who gave John Gerard SJ much financial support from about 1598 until Gerard left England in 1606.

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Lien, On. "Attitudes of the Vietnamese Community towards Mental Illness." Australasian Psychiatry 1, no. 3 (August 1993): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569309081340.

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There are approximately 155,000 Vietnamese born people in Australia, with 46,000 in Victoria. The majority came to Australia as refugees. Many were subjected to the reality or threat of war, persecution, imprisonment, discrimination, economic deprivation, violence, the loss of family or other major stressors. These stressors have included the hazards of the escape, lengthy stays in refugee camps and, on arrival in Australia, lack of familiarity with English and with the culture. The Vietnamese Community in Australia was expected to have a high prevalence of mental illness, especially when newly arrived from refugee camps. In a study published in 1986 as “The Price of Freedom” [1] 32% of the young Vietnamese adult group was found to suffer from psychiatric disorder. At follow-up two years later, the prevalence of psychiatric disorder, without any major intervention, had dropped to 5–6%, a prevalence lower than that in the Australian-born community. In addition, the Vietnamese community's use of mental health services (inpatient and community-based) is lower than that of any other ethnic group.

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Biswas, Mathin, and Marjorie Jerrard. "Photo elicitation in management history." Journal of Management History 24, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-02-2018-0018.

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Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate advantages of using the photo elicitation technique from sociology, ethnography and visual anthropology to management history through reference to a study of job loss within the State Electricity Commission of Victoria in the Latrobe Valley, Australia, as it was undergoing transition and privatization in the early 1990s. Design/methodology/approach This is a methodology paper exploring photo elicitation and the theoretical perspectives of life course and identity work when applied in management history. Findings The use of photo elicitation encouraged interview participants to share their perspectives about the common experience of job loss in an Australian regional area which gave rise to some common themes about occupational identity and the challenges of being unemployed. Social implications After job loss, some common experiences have been found, namely, depression; drug and alcohol addiction; domestic violence and family break down; and even suicide. Originality/value Use of photo elicitation provided the methodology and framework to undertake original research in management history in an Australian region still experiencing denidustrialization of brown coal mining and power generation.

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Baidawi, Susan, and Rosemary Sheehan. "Maltreatment and Delinquency: Examining the Contexts of Offending Amongst Child Protection-Involved Children." British Journal of Social Work 50, no. 7 (October 14, 2019): 2191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz113.

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Abstract Child protection-involved children experience disproportionately high criminal justice system contact, yet little is known about the circumstances in which such children offend. This study sought to identify the contexts in which this group of children offend and factors associated with children being charged in each context. A mixed-methods analysis of Children’s Court case files was conducted utilising a cross-sectional sample of 300 children who came before three Children’s Criminal Courts in Victoria, Australia, and who also had statutory Child Protection involvement. Three key contexts of offending were identified: adolescent family violence (AFV), residential care-based offending and group-based offending. A total of 33 per cent of children had engaged in AFV (23 per cent had AFV-related charges), 36 per cent of children ever placed in residential care acquired charges relating to their behaviour in these settings, while 44 per cent of children had engaged in group-based offending. More than one-third of children (38 per cent) also had criminal charges stemming from justice system interactions (e.g. resisting arrest). Children’s cumulative neurodevelopmental, mental health and substance abuse challenges correlated with offending in each context. Strategies to reduce youth justice contact amongst child protection-involved children should consider systems responses to AFV and behavioural challenges in residential care.

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Duprat, Annie. "The Iconography of Twentieth-Century Totalitarian Regimes." Contemporary European History 8, no. 3 (November 1999): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777399003070.

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Victoria E. Bonnell, Iconography of Power. Soviet Political Posters under Lenin and Stalin (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 364 pp., 8 colour plates, 92 b/w illustrations, £38, ISBN 0–520–08712–7.Enrico Sturani, Mussolini. Un dictateur en cartes postales (Paris: Somogy, 1997), 240 pp., 284 colour illustrations, FF 189, ISBN 2–850–56292–0.The rhythm of the history of human societies is determined by the constitution of the powers which organise them. Violence, persuasion, acquiescence might be adduced as the three stages of a broad schema whereby a coherent system of reference, based on rules which are respected by most (if not all) people, succeeds in establishing itself on a lasting basis of political constitution, civil law, and a legal system to govern systems of work and exchange. Individuals, whose primeval subjection was to the law of family, tribe or gens, do not readily submit to absorption into an entity which does not coincide with this original cell. Therefore, by definition, the history of the creation of political systems in Western societies must be set in a context of permanent tension between the interests of the individual, or the primordial group, and those of new institutions or bodies which are more abstract, and therefore harder to identify, recognise and, eventually, accept. But it is also the history of how peoples view the world, of their common points of reference: in short, a history of mental representations, which can partly be written by studying their translation into figurative images – into political iconography developed for purposes of mass propaganda.

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Hegarty, Kelsey, Jodie Valpied, Angela Taft, Stephanie Janne Brown, Lisa Gold, Jane Gunn, and Lorna O'Doherty. "Two-year follow up of a cluster randomised controlled trial for women experiencing intimate partner violence: effect of screening and family doctor-delivered counselling on quality of life, mental and physical health and abuse exposure." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e034295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034295.

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ObjectivesThis was a 2-year follow-up study of a primary care-based counselling intervention (weave) for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). We aimed to assess whether differences in depression found at 12 months (lower depression for intervention than control participants) would be sustained at 24 months and differences in quality in life, general mental and physical health and IPV would emerge.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial. Researchers blinded to allocation. Unit of randomisation: family doctors.SettingFifty-two primary care clinics, Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsBaseline: 272 English-speaking, female patients (intervention n=137, doctors=35; control n=135, doctors=37), who screened positive for fear of partner in past 12 months. Twenty-four-month response rates: intervention 59% (81/137), control 63% (85/135).InterventionsIntervention doctors received training to deliver brief, woman-centred counselling. Intervention patients were invited to receive this counselling (uptake rate: 49%). Control doctors received standard IPV information; delivered usual care.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTwenty-four months primary outcomes: WHO Quality of Life-Bref dimensions, Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental health. Secondary outcomes: SF-12 physical health and caseness for depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress disorder (Check List-Civilian), IPV (Composite Abuse Scale), physical symptoms (≥6 in last month). Data collected through postal survey. Mixed-effects regressions adjusted for location (rural/urban) and clustering.ResultsNo differences detected between groups on quality of life (physical: 1.5, 95% CI −2.9 to 5.9; psychological: −0.2, 95% CI −4.8 to 4.4,; social: −1.4, 95% CI −8.2 to 5.4; environmental: −0.8, 95% CI −4.0 to 2.5), mental health status (−1.6, 95% CI −5.3 to 2.1) or secondary outcomes. Both groups improved on primary outcomes, IPV, anxiety.ConclusionsIntervention was no more effective than usual care in improving 2-year quality of life, mental and physical health and IPV, despite differences in depression at 12 months. Future refinement and testing of type, duration and intensity of primary care IPV interventions is needed.Trial registration numberACTRN12608000032358.

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Fitz-Gibbon, Kate, JaneMaree Maher, Jude McCulloch, and Marie Segrave. "Understanding and responding to family violence risks to children: Evidence-based risk assessment for children and the importance of gender." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 52, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865818760378.

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This article responds to recent calls to better understand and respond to family violence risks to children. Drawing on the findings of a wider research project on family violence risk which engaged with over 1000 members of Victoria’s family violence system through a survey, focus groups and in-depth interviews, this article examines practitioners’ views on current practices and future needs for reform to improve family violence risk assessment practices for children. The findings have implications both nationally and internationally, given the dearth of evidence-based family violence risks assessment tools. Key findings reinforce the importance of interagency collaboration and a shared responsibility for children impacted by family violence across services and the importance of specialised training in this area. Caution, however, is raised about ongoing patterns of blame for mothers affected by family violence: we conclude that the need to address children’s risk in family violence is critical but ongoing attention to how gendered patterns structure family violence and social responses is also essential.

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Sarkar, Reena, Joan Ozanne-Smith, and Richard Bassed. "Methods in population study of orofacial injuries in Victorian family violence homicides." Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology 16, no. 1 (October 22, 2019): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-019-00183-6.

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Neave AO, Marcia. "Victoria’s response to the Royal Commission into Family Violence: Where are we now?" Alternative Law Journal 44, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x19829328.

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Martel, Joane. "Femme battue et mari « batteur » : une reconstruction médiatique dans La Presse au XIXe siècle." Criminologie 27, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017351ar.

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We would assume that mass newspaperdom which is slowly introduced by the end of the XlXth century was tributary to the dominant conception of liberties which attributed rights to the householder and garanteed the privacy of the home. The evocation of these rights would then give rise to hesitations to intervene publicly in family quarrels. But, a documentary research of the Quebec daily La Presse reveals, on the contrary, that it proceeded to expose virulently cases of domestic violence in such a way that husbands became the main target of sarcasm. Therefore, unlike the ideological positions generally conceded to the Victorian project, the general tendancy to reduce the Victorian moralism to two main angles — being the purification of sexual behaviors and the promotion of a holy, asexual and family image of women — is questioned. The social project of the XlXth century appears more complex than what is generally thought since it proceeds not only to subject women but looks concurrently to “civilize” and moral-he the conduct of men.

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Breckenridge, Jhilmil. "Are Family Systems and Medical Systems Broken? An Auto-Ethnographic Reflection on Psychiatric Incarceration in India." Genealogy 4, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4020060.

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I examine whether undue power and privilege allow families in India to use force to incarcerate their wives, daughters or other family members who may deviate from the “norm”. Using my own personal experience, I examine the intersectionality of gender, violence and privilege to see how several systems are broken. I also argue psychiatry and the patriarchy are tools of oppression and how India and most other societies continue to perpetuate trauma in those they are trying to help. In addition, families become “allies” to psychiatry and medical systems unwittingly and become “keepers” of their broken people. By citing other writing and memoirs, I will show how stories like these have been happening since before Victorian times to the present.

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Cleere, Eileen. "Rape in Public: Overlooking Child Sexual Assault in Charlotte Mary Yonge's The Daisy Chain." Victorian Literature and Culture 50, no. 1 (2022): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150320000352.

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Charlotte Mary Yonge's Victorian novel The Daisy Chain (1856) is not a text that has been discussed in terms of sexual violence. A “family story” that apparently inspired Alcott's Little Women (1869), The Daisy Chain has been most often considered a novel about the conflict between female vocation and religious duty. However, in this essay I argue that The Daisy Chain is also a novel that grapples openly with the problem of child sexual assault and features violence against women and girls as an accepted custom of what Berlant and Warner call the “heterosexual life narrative” (“Sex in Public”). Our postmodern abstraction of rape and the terminology surrounding rape have made sexual assault harder to “see” in both reality and representation, but in the context of the #MeToo movement, this essay pushes for an understanding of rape in The Daisy Chain as an event that happens in plain sight. Toggling between the two meanings of the word “overlook,” I argue that rape is a normalized custom of heterosexual belonging that can only be seen in the novel by girls with bad vision. Ethel May's myopia allows her to see what the rest of her family overlooks: rape in public.

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Yates, Sophie. "Power, Process, Plumbing: Big G and Small g Gender in Victoria's Family Violence Policy Subsystem." Australian Journal of Public Administration 77, no. 4 (April 2, 2018): 568–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12265.

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Akcesme, Banu. "Fighting Back Against the Encroachment of Patriarchal Power on Female Domains in Wuthering Heights." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 5 (July 6, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.5p.27.

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Wuthering Heights can be read as a novel of warfare against women and women-associated spaces to be conquered to prove male superiority, authority and power. This paper aims to discuss how Emily Bronte challenged not only the established Victorian literary traditions but also the prevailing ideals of the Victorian society by subverting the hierarchically constructed power and gender relations with an emphasis on various strategies employed by Heathcliff and Edgar in the war they launch against nature, property and women to conquer, possess and control domestic households, external nature and female body. Their strategies include reductionism which includes the commodification and objectification of female body, separation of women from their female bond, family and female spaces, physical and emotional uprooting which causes the loss of independence, self-confidence and positive self-image, masculinization of nature and home, brutalization through which the female characters are exposed to male violence and oppression and destruction of a sense of security, commitment and resistance. The female characters are disconnected not only from their domestic households and nature but also from female bonds. The sense of placelessness and homelessness along with the lack of female solidarity is aggravated by transforming home and the natural world into an imprisoning, dominating and tyrannical web for women. Bronte ends the novel with a hope that subjugation and subordination does not have to be the inevitable destiny for women who can fight back to restructure the existing power relations and reclaim their bodies and home along with nature turned against them.

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Bourrier, Karen. "NARRATING INSANITY IN THE LETTERS OF THOMAS MULOCK AND DINAH MULOCK CRAIK." Victorian Literature and Culture 39, no. 1 (December 7, 2010): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150310000355.

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Scholars have had a difficult time assessing the significance of Dinah Mulock Craik (1824–1887), best remembered as the author of John Halifax, Gentleman (1856). The critical verdict on her life and letters has swung toward extremes. Some critics have seen her, to quote Henry James, as “kindly, somewhat dull, pious, and very sentimental” (172); her novels embody the Victorian values of self-help, moral earnestness, and hard work, and it is assumed that her life did too. Elaine Showalter's and Sally Mitchell's feminist recoveries of Craik's work in the 1970s and early 1980s found that just the opposite was true, and that Victorian sentimentality allowed Craik to voice the subversive desires of her female readers covertly, in a form that was acceptable to the general public (Showalter 5–7, Mitchell 31). This critical tradition tended to overemphasize the melodramatic aspects of Craik's life and career as a means of dramatizing the struggles of women in a patriarchal society. The most recent scholarship eschews Craik's life altogether for the most part, focusing on her novelistic representations of disability, of Irish and Scottish nationality, and of class and enfranchisement. This criticism engages Craik's writing as an interesting cultural artifact rather than as an aesthetic object: her work is once again seen as embodying normative Victorian values, but to what extent the author was the cognizant promoter of these values, and to what extent she was their unwitting filter, and whether it matters, is unclear. But new archival work shows the importance of her life in understanding her career. The Mulock Family Papers, held at the University of California at Los Angeles, underscore Craik's challenges in managing an abusive father, who suffered from periods of dejection followed by periods of great happiness, and who was frequently absent and incarcerated. Craik was intensely private when it came to her personal life, and scholars like Showalter have read her reserve as a bow to womanly decorum in a life otherwise dominated by literary celebrity. But the archive suggests that Craik's taciturnity was instead a strategy for managing the threat of violence and scandal.

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Kirchengast, Tyrone. "Victim legal representation and the adversarial criminal trial: A critical analysis of proposals for third-party counsel for complainants of serious sexual violence." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 25, no. 1 (January 2021): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712720983931.

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The past several decades have witnessed a shift toward victim interests being considered and incorporated within adversarial systems of justice. More recently, some jurisdictions have somewhat contentiously considered granting sex offences complainants’ legal representation at trial. In Australia, the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Abuse (2017), the Royal Commission into Family Violence (2016) and the Victorian Law Reform Commission (2016) considered the potential role of legal counsel for complainants in the criminal trial process. While contrasting quite significantly with the traditional adversarial framework—which sees crime as contested between state and accused—legal representation for complainants is not unprecedented, and victims may already retain counsel for limited matters. Despite broader use of victim legal representation in the United States, Ireland and Scotland, and as recently considered by the Sir John Gillen Review in Northern Ireland, legal representation for sex offences complainants is only just developing in Australia. Notwithstanding recent reference to legal representation for complainants where sexual history or reputational evidence may be adduced, there exists no sufficient guidance as to how such representation may be integrated in the Australian criminal trial context. This article explores the implications of introducing such counsel in Australia, including the possible role of non-legal victim advocates.

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Šlapkauskaitė, Rūta. "Imperial (S)Kin: The Orthography of the Wake in Esi Edugyan’s Washington Black." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 55, s2 (December 1, 2020): 465–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2020-0023.

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Abstract The publication of Esi Edugyan’s Washington Black has placed the novel among other works of history and art, which recall the material and epistemic violence of institutional racism and the lasting trauma of its legacy. Thus by interlacing, within the context of black critical theory, Yogita Goyal’s and Laura T. Murphy’s examining of the neo-slave narrative with Christina Sharpe’s conceptualization of the wake and Alexander G. Weheliye’s notion of habeas viscus as critical frames for the discussion of racialized subjectivity, I consider how Edugyan’s use of the conventions of Victorian adventure literature and the slave narrative rethinks the entanglements between the imperial commodification of life and the scientific agenda of natural history. Given how the narrative emphasizes the somatic register and its epidermal terms as a scene of meaning, I bring together Frantz Fanon’s idea of epidermalization, Steven Connor’s phenomenological reading of the skin, and Calvin L. Warren’s reasoning about blackness in an attempt to highlight the metalepsis resulting from the novel’s use of the hot air-balloon and the octopus as dermatropes that cast the empire as simultaneously a dysfunctional family and a scientific laboratory. Loaded into the skin as a master trope is the conceptual cross-over between consciousness and conscience, whose narrative performance in the novel nourishes the affective labour of its reader as an agent of memory.

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Raden Sri Martini Meilanie, Winda Gunarti, and Astari Yaumil Hassan. "Parents' Perceptions of Children's School Readiness During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.161.11.

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Children's school readiness is important to discuss because learning loss is an obstacle in preparing early childhood to enter elementary school. This study aims to look at parents' perceptions of their children's readiness for school during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative descriptive survey research design to collect measurable data for statistical analysis from a population sample. The results show that preparing children for school during and after the COVID-19 pandemic is very different from the usual practice. Parents are required to provide appropriate stimulation to children at home to replace the role of teachers at school and restore the motivation and willingness of children to enter elementary school. The perception of parents is certainly very influential on the stimulation that will be given to children. Keywords: early childhood education, parents’ perceptions, school readiness References: Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Olson, L. S. (2007). Lasting Consequences of the Summer Learning Gap. American Sociological Review, 72(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240707200202 Araújo, L. A. de, Veloso, C. F., Souza, M. de C., Azevedo, J. M. C. de, & Tarro, G. (2021). The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child growth and development: A systematic review. Jornal de Pediatria, 97(4), 369–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.008 Atkinsonová, R. L., Atkinson, R. C., SMITH, E. E., Herman, E., Bem, D. J., & Petržela, M. (1995). Psychologies. Victoria Publishing. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Tj9OAAAACAAJ Bao, X., Qu, H., Zhang, R., & Hogan, T. P. (2020). Modeling Reading Ability Gain in Kindergarten Children during COVID-19 School Closures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176371 Benner, A. D., & Mistry, R. S. (2020). Child Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through a Life Course Theory Lens. Child Development Perspectives, 14(4), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12387 Brown, S. M., Doom, J. R., Lechuga-Peña, S., Watamura, S. E., & Koppels, T. (2020). Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110, 104699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699 Colizzi, M., Sironi, E., Antonini, F., Ciceri, M. L., Bovo, C., & Zoccante, L. (2020). Psychosocial and Behavioral Impact of COVID-19 in autism spectrum disorder: An Online Parent Survey. Brain Sciences, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060341 Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Fifth edition). Pearson. Cushon, J. A., Vu, L. T. H., Janzen, B. L., & Muhajarine, N. (2011). Neighborhood Poverty Impacts Children’s Physical Health and Well-Being Over Time: Evidence from the Early Development Instrument. Early Education and Development, 22(2), 183–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280902915861 Duncan, R. J., Duncan, G. J., Stanley, L., Aguilar, E., & Halfon, N. (2020). The kindergarten Early Development Instrument predicts third grade academic proficiency. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 53, 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.05.009 Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M. D. (2021). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17), e2022376118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022376118 Friedman, M. M., Bowden, V. R., & Jones, E. (2003). Family Nursing: Research, Theory & Practice. Prentice Hall. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=mkBtAAAAMAAJ Gobbi, E., Maltagliati, S., Sarrazin, P., di Fronso, S., Colangelo, A., Cheval, B., Escriva-Boulley, G., Tessier, D., Demirhan, G., Erturan, G., Yüksel, Y., Papaioannou, A., Bertollo, M., & Carraro, A. (2020). Promoting Physical Activity during School Closures Imposed by the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Physical Education Teachers’ Behaviors in France, Italy and Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249431 Griffith, A. K. (2020). Parental Burnout and Child Maltreatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family Violence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00172-2 Hevia, F. J., Vergara-Lope, S., Velásquez-Durán, A., & Calderón, D. (2022). Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. International Journal of Educational Development, 88, 102515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102515 Jandrić, P. (2020). Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(2), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00113-8 Kuhfeld, M., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Lewis, K. (2020). Initial findings on students’ reading and math achievement and growth. 12. Maldonado, J. E., & De Witte, K. (2022). The effect of school closures on standardised student test outcomes. British Educational Research Journal, 48(1), 49–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3754 McDowell, K., Jack, A., & Compton, M. (2018). Parent Involvement in Pre-Kindergarten and the Effects on Student Achievement. The Advocate, 23(6). https://doi.org/10.4148/2637-4552.1004 Nevid, J. S. (2012). Psychology: Concepts and Applications. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TpxZXwAACAAJ Skulmowski, A., & Rey, G. D. (2020). COVID-19 as an accelerator for digitalization at a German university: Establishing hybrid campuses in times of crisis. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(3), 212–216. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.201 Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parents’ Stress and Children’s Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713 Yoshikawa, H., Wuermli, A. J., Britto, P. R., Dreyer, B., Leckman, J. F., Lye, S. J., Ponguta, L. A., Richter, L. M., & Stein, A. (2020). Effects of the Global Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development: Short- and Long-Term Risks and Mitigating Program and Policy Actions. The Journal of Pediatrics, 223, 188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.020

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Office, Editorial. "Letter from the Editors." Journal of Internal Medicine: Science & Art 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36013/jimsa.v3i1.76.

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Dear Colleagues! Our Authors and Friends! New Year 2022 rushes towards humanity. This universal arrangement of life on our planet presupposes changes. Their essence is in hopes for the best. We wish all of us not just hopes but confidence in the victory of good over evil, reasons over greed and cruelty. We hope that the Planet will overcome humankind's most severe viral attack – the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. We hope that the future brings us victories over epidemics, serious diseases, hunger, and lack of water. We hope that all types of violence, military conflicts, political, economic, religious confrontations will be stopped in a New Year. We are opening the third year of our journal, which was focused on different aspects of medicine. Last year we published eight papers from seven countries experts, each substantially contributed to medicine. We talked about COVID-19 pandemic, vital pediatric problems, and adult medicine. We will continue our mission to support and distribute the most valuable medical knowledge in the New Year. May the New Year celebrations bring only joy and harmony to your homes, souls, and the reasoning, which illuminate confidence in the future for our beautiful multinational green Planet - Earth! "Every end is a new beginning…." We wish you and your family a Happy Holidays! We hope that your New Year will be filled with peace, new ideas, and success! Editorial office

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Turner, J. Neville. "Dirty linen should be washed at home: Ethnic communities perceptions of family violence and child sexual abuse - Phase 2, Latin American communities, by T. Kaufman and A. Seitz, Carlton: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation 1994." Children Australia 20, no. 3 (1995): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000465x.

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Power, Lyndal, George Strong, Brad Freeman, Claire Miran-Khan, Murdoch C. MacKenzie, Catherine Ingram, Peter Churven, and Sarah Calvert. "Independent comment on Audiovisual and Print Materials Feeling is Thinking. [Book I]. Tara Pavlidis and Wendy Bunston. Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital Mental Health Service & Travancore School, 2004. pp 85. ISBN 0-9578815-7-6.AUS$75.00 plus $5.00 for packing and postage.Feeling is Thinking: Community Group Program. [Book II: The Therapeutic Use of Games in Groupwork]. Naomi Audette and Wendy Bunston. Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Mental Health Service, VIC, 2006. 81pp. ISBN: 0-646-45663-6.AUS $33.00 plus GST; $5.00 for packing and postage. Proceeds from the sale of these manuals goes straight into the Service's Addressing Family Violence Programs. Order from Daniella Tarle, Administration Officer, Community Group Program, 50 Flemington St, Flemington,Victoria 3031. Ph + 61 3 9345 6011; Fax + 61 3 9345 6010; daniella.tarle@rch.org.auKids' Skills: Playful and Practical Solution-Finding With Children. Rev. and transl. by the author, Ben Furman, St. Luke's Innovative Resources, Bendigo, Australia, 2004. Originally published in Finnish as Muksuoppi, Tammi, 2003. Paperback, pp. 131. ISBN 0958018898. AUS$31.95.Pictures Tell You Nothing: Mental Illness and Relationships. Copyright Mallee Root Pictures Pty Ltd, 2005. Duration: 44 minutes. Format: DVD (all regions) or VHS (Pal). Copies of this program are available from Better Health Centre, NSW Department of Health, + 61 2 9816 0452; www.doh.health.nsw.gov.auFrom Being to Doing: The Origins of the Biology of Cognition. Humberto R. Maturana & Bernhard Poerksen. Transl. by Wolfram Karl Koeck & Alison Rosemary Koek. Heidelberg, Carl-Auer Verlag, 2004. Soft Cover. pp. 208. ISBN 3-89670-448-6. US$57.28.From Being to Doing. The Origins of the Biology of Cognition Humberto R. Maturana/Bernhard Poerksen. Transl. W. K. & A. Koeck, 2004 Heidelberg: Carl-Auer Verlag.Peace Begins in the Soul. Bert Hellinger. Carl-Auer Verlag, 2003. Paper. pp. 134. ISBN: 3-89670-425-7. US$33.95.The Schopenhauer Cure. Irvin D. Yalom. Carlton North, Victoria, Scribe Publications, 2005. Originally published NY 2005, by HarperCollins. Paperback. 358 pp. $32.95 (inc. GST). ISBN 1 920769 59 5.Towards Positive Systems of Child and Family Welfare: International Comparisons of Child Protection, Family Service and Community Caring Systems. Ed. Nancy Freymond & Gary Cameron. University of Toronto Press. Toronto. 2006. ISBN 080209371X. £22.50." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 28, no. 01 (March 2007): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/anft.28.1.55.

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O'Cionnaith, Finnian, Jeremy Burchardt, Carla King, Susan Mullaney, Brian Gurrin, Mícheál Mac Craith, Seán Mac Liam, et al. "Reviews: Science and Technology in Nineteenth-Century Ireland, Rooted in the Soil: A History of Cottage Gardens and Allotments in Ireland since 1750, Gladstone and Ireland: Politics, Religion and Nationality in the Victorian Age, Cultures of Care in Irish Medical History, 1750–1970, Economy, Trade and Irish Merchants at Home and Abroad, 1600–1988, The Annals of the Four Masters: Irish History, Kingship and Society in the Early Seventeenth Century, Aloys Fleischmann (1880–1964): Immigrant Musician in Ireland, Lordship in Medieval Ireland: Image and Reality, Fighting like the Devil for the Sake of God: Protestants, Catholics and the Origins of Violence in Victorian Belfast, Sean Lemass: Democratic Dictator, Clanricard's Castle: Portumna House, Co. Galway, The Quirky Dr Fay: A Remarkable Life, The Goodbodys: Millers, Merchants and Manufacturers. The Story of an Irish Quaker Family, 1630–1950, Irish Socialist Republicanism, 1909–36, The Irish Lord Lieutenancy c.1541–1922, Ulster Liberalism, 1778–1876, Glassmaking in Ireland from the Medieval to the Contemporary, Ireland and Medicine in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Irish and English: Essays on the Irish Linguistic and Cultural Frontier, 1600–1900, The Irish Defence Forces 1940–1949: The Chief of Staff's Reports, Anglo-Irish and Gaelic Women in Ireland c.1170–1540, Cardinal Paul Cullen and His World, The Society of the Sacred Heart in Nineteenth-Century France, 1800–1865, Regulating Sexuality: Women in Twentieth-Century Northern Ireland, Françoise Henry in Co. Mayo, Estates and Landed Society in Galway, Longford History and Society: Interdisciplinary Essays in the History of an Irish County, Irish Novelists and the Victorian Age, The Great War and Memory in Irish Culture, 1918–2010, Irish Nationalists and the Making of the Irish Race, The Friars in Ireland, 1224–1540, a Labour History of Ireland, 1824–2000, in Search of Fame and Fortune: The Leahy Family of Engineers, 1780–1888, Making Ireland English: The Irish Aristocracy in the Seventeenth Century, Military Aviation in Ireland, 1921–1945, Coercive Confinement in Ireland: Patients, Prisoners and Penitents, a Guide to Sources for the History of Irish Education 1780–1922, William Monsell of Tervoe 1812–1894: Catholic Unionist, Anglo-Irishman, Youth Policy, Civil Society and the Modern Irish State, Gender and Medicine in Ireland, 1700–1950, a Loss of Innocence? Television and Irish Society 1960–72, The Old Library, Trinity College Dublin, 1712–2012, Gladstone: Ireland and Beyond, William O'Brien, 1881–1968." Irish Economic and Social History 40, no. 1 (December 2013): 114–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/iesh.40.1.8.

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Reeves, Ellen. "‘I’m Not at All Protected and I Think Other Women Should Know That, That They’re Not Protected Either’: Victim–Survivors’ Experiences of ‘Misidentification’ in Victoria’s Family Violence System." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10, no. 2 (June 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1992.

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The misidentification of women as predominant aggressors has emerged as a topical issue in family violence research, with feminist scholarship suggesting that such trends may be attributed to a range of factors, including incident-based policing and a misunderstanding of the ways in which women use violence against their partners. Where existing research has primarily focused on policing practices in relation to misidentification, this article explores the impacts of misidentification on the lives of women victim–survivors of family violence in Victoria (Australia), a jurisdiction that has recently seen significant reforms to family violence systems in the wake of the Victorian Royal Commission into Family Violence (2016). Using data from interviews with 32 system stakeholders and survey responses from 11 women who have experienced misidentification in Victoria, this study explores misidentification within the family violence intervention order system. It demonstrates that being misidentified as a predominant aggressor on a family violence intervention order can have a significant impact on women’s lives and their access to safety, highlighting the need for improved policing and court responses to the issue beyond existing reforms.

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Sarkar, Reena, Joanna F. Dipnall, Richard Bassed, and Joan Ozanne-Smith AO. "Family violence homicide rates: a state-wide comparison of three data sources in Victoria, Australia." Health Information Management Journal, December 7, 2021, 183335832110604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18333583211060464.

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Background Family violence homicide (FVH) is a major public health and social problem in Australia. FVH trend rates are key outcomes that determine the effectiveness of current management practices and policy directions. Data source–related methodological problems affect FVH research and policy and the reliable measurement of homicide trends. Objective This study aimed to determine data reliability and temporal trends of Victorian FVH rates and sex and relationship patterns. Method FVH rates per 100,000 persons in Victoria were compared between the National Coronial Information System (NCIS), Coroners Court of Victoria (CCoV) Homicide Register, and the National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP). Trends for 2001–2017 were analysed using Joinpoint regression. Crude rates were determined by sex and relationship categories using annual frequencies and Australian Bureau of Statistics population estimates. Results NCIS closed FVH cases totalled 360, and an apparent downward trend in the FVH rate was identified. However, CCoV and NHMP rates trended upwards. While NCIS and CCoV were case-based, NHMP was incident-based, contributing to rate variations. The NCIS-derived trend was particularly impacted by unavailable case data, potential coding errors and entry backlog. Neither CCoV nor NHMP provided victim-age in their public domain data to enable age-adjusted rate comparison. Conclusion Current datasets have limitations for FVH trend determination; most notably lag times for NCIS data. Implications This study identified an indicative upward trend in FVH rates in Victoria, suggesting insufficiency of current management and policy settings for its prevention and control.

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Sarkar, Reena, Joan Ozanne-Smith, and Richard Bassed. "626Epidemiology of facial injuries in the context of fatal family violence in the Victorian population." International Journal of Epidemiology 50, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab168.582.

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Abstract Background The oral cavity is reported to be a key focus of physical injury in family violence (FV). Our purpose is to explore the potential opportunity for dentists to assist in the prevention of serious injuries in FV. This paper aims to describe the patterns of orofacial injuries in FV homicides. Methods All FV homicides in Victoria, Australia January 2006-December 2018, were identified amongst closed cases of assaults screened for eligible victim-offender relationships. Epidemiologic trends in FV in the Victorian population over the 12-year period were determined. Sociodemographic, interpersonal, incident and injury characteristics including ICD-10 coding were studied and compared across facial and non-facial injury FV subgroups. Results There was a non-significant downward trend in FV homicide over the period. Of 170 adult cases, 150 were included for facial injury analysis. Of these, 117 (78%) showed orofacial injuries in the 12-year period. Two-step cluster analysis revealed blunt force and threat to breathing injury mechanisms to be significantly associated with facial FV and sharp force with nonfacial FV. Among the additional 26 child homicides, descriptive analysis elucidated patterns in 20 cases eligible for facial injury analysis. Coding limitations were found for the FV homicide cases. Conclusions This population study reports significant involvement of the orofacial region in the FV homicide population during the 12-year study period, potentially informing dental practice and the related policy framework in Victoria and internationally. Key messages The significant involvement of the orofacial region in FV homicides may inform optimal intervention outcomes in FV in Victoria.

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Murray, Suellen, Jane Bullen, Jacqui Theobald, and Juliet Watson. "Building the Evidence for Family Violence Policy Reform: The Work of Specialist Women’s Refuges in Victoria, Australia." Social Policy and Society, June 21, 2021, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746421000051.

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While specialist women’s refuges have been central to responses to family violence since the 1970s, their work is under-researched. Little is known outside the family violence sector about the support they provide and how it assists women and children. There have been some critiques of their work but there is limited knowledge of the constraints women’s refuges face. Based on interviews and focus groups with 100 professional stakeholders and twenty-two service users, this article analyses the work of women’s refuges in the Australian state of Victoria in an effort to inform policy reform. The research found that refuges’ underpinning gendered analysis, focus on safety and support and advocacy to ensure women’s human rights are met have much to offer further developments in responding to family violence. In doing so, the article contributes to critical debates about the operation of refuges and the need for specialist family violence services.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Family violence Victoria'

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