Journal articles on the topic 'Family Tree Approach'
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Ganeswara, Putu Ryan, and Cokorda Rai Adi Pramartha. "Ontology-based Approach for Klungkung Royal Family." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 8, no. 4 (March 21, 2020): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v08.i04.p16.
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Kawitan genealogies form to strengthen family relations by staying in line with their ties. Today, there are many Balinese Hindu searches their heritance. This due to no explicit documentation about the family tree and the Balinese Hindu relies on people memories. To overcome this problem, we develop the ontology of the Family Tree Naritan Kawarya Narem Dalem Benculuk Tegeh Kori with Forward Chaining and Backward Chaining Search Method can overcome problems related to marriage lineage. By using the structured data in the form of an ontology, the computer agents and human will be able to find information related to their genealogy easily, so that there are no more people who are confused with their heritance. The ontology evaluation was conducted on the Nararya Dalem Benculuk Tegeh Kori's family tree. The initial result gave positive feedback toward further development of this ontology.
Keywords : Ontology, Family Tree, Methontology
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Xiang, Fan, Shunshan Zhu, Zhigang Wang, Kevin Maher, Yi Liu, Yilin Zhu, Kaixi Chen, and Zhiqiang Liang. "Enhanced Family Tree: Evolving Research and Expression: Best Paper Award." Leonardo 53, no. 4 (July 2020): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01921.
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Enhanced Family Tree reimagines the possibilities of family trees with an evolving series of exhibits. The authors’ works combine genealogical data, visualization, 3D technologies and interactivity to explore and display ancient genealogical relationships. Their new approach may reveal questionable relationships in genealogical records. Moreover, the authors’ use of an organic metaphor of a “tree” can be further extended to increase public understanding and engagement. The audience's questions arising from this project show increased curiosity and nuanced questioning about their own family origins and development.
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Kuhl, Heiner, Carolina Frankl-Vilches, Antje Bakker, Gerald Mayr, Gerhard Nikolaus, Stefan T. Boerno, Sven Klages, Bernd Timmermann, and Manfred Gahr. "An Unbiased Molecular Approach Using 3′-UTRs Resolves the Avian Family-Level Tree of Life." Molecular Biology and Evolution 38, no. 1 (November 8, 2020): 108–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa191.
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Abstract Presumably, due to a rapid early diversification, major parts of the higher-level phylogeny of birds are still resolved controversially in different analyses or are considered unresolvable. To address this problem, we produced an avian tree of life, which includes molecular sequences of one or several species of ∼90% of the currently recognized family-level taxa (429 species, 379 genera) including all 106 family-level taxa of the nonpasserines and 115 of the passerines (Passeriformes). The unconstrained analyses of noncoding 3-prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) sequences and those of coding sequences yielded different trees. In contrast to the coding sequences, the 3′-UTR sequences resulted in a well-resolved and stable tree topology. The 3′-UTR contained, unexpectedly, transcription factor binding motifs that were specific for different higher-level taxa. In this tree, grebes and flamingos are the sister clade of all other Neoaves, which are subdivided into five major clades. All nonpasserine taxa were placed with robust statistical support including the long-time enigmatic hoatzin (Opisthocomiformes), which was found being the sister taxon of the Caprimulgiformes. The comparatively late radiation of family-level clades of the songbirds (oscine Passeriformes) contrasts with the attenuated diversification of nonpasseriform taxa since the early Miocene. This correlates with the evolution of vocal production learning, an important speciation factor, which is ancestral for songbirds and evolved convergent only in hummingbirds and parrots. As 3′-UTR-based phylotranscriptomics resolved the avian family-level tree of life, we suggest that this procedure will also resolve the all-species avian tree of life
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METHASATE, Ithipan, and Thanaruk THEERAMUNKONG. "A Family-Based Evolutional Approach for Kernel Tree Selection in SVMs." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E93-D, no. 4 (2010): 909–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.e93.d.909.
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Knoth, Jenny, John Frampton, and Ray Moody. "Genetic Improvement of Virginia Pine Planting Stock for Christmas Tree Production in South Carolina." HortTechnology 12, no. 4 (January 2002): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.4.675.
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Twenty open-pollinated families from a virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) seed orchard in South Carolina were planted and managed as Christmas trees at three sites. Retail value and related traits were assessed once the tests reached marketable size (4 years in the field). All traits assessed (except survival) proved to 1) be under a moderate degree of genetic control (family mean heritability = 0.68 for retail value) and 2) have a large range among open-pollinated family means ($11.42/tree to $22.00/tree, retail value) suggesting that they will response well to the traditional tree improvement approach of selection, breeding and testing. The retail value of the best five families tested averaged an increase of $3.47/tree or 20.7% more than the average. At a 6 × 6 ft (1.8 m) spacing [1,210 trees/acre (2,990 trees/ha)], these families would produce an increase in revenue of almost $4,200/acre ($10,387/ha). Much of this increase in value is a result of reducing the cull rate from 14.5% to 8.1%. Survival, height, crown density and straightness of these five families also exceeded the average of the 20 families tested.
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Voshol, Gerben P., Peter J. Punt, and Erik Vijgenboom. "Profile Comparer Extended: phylogeny of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase families using profile hidden Markov model alignments." F1000Research 8 (October 31, 2019): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21104.1.
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Insight into the inter- and intra-family relationship of protein families is important, since it can aid understanding of substrate specificity evolution and assign putative functions to proteins with unknown function. To study both these inter- and intra-family relationships, the ability to build phylogenetic trees using the most sensitive sequence similarity search methods (e.g. profile hidden Markov model (pHMM)–pHMM alignments) is required. However, existing solutions require a very long calculation time to obtain the phylogenetic tree. Therefore, a faster protocol is required to make this approach efficient for research. To contribute to this goal, we extended the original Profile Comparer program (PRC) for the construction of large pHMM phylogenetic trees at speeds several orders of magnitude faster compared to pHMM-tree. As an example, PRC Extended (PRCx) was used to study the phylogeny of over 10,000 sequences of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) from over seven families. Using the newly developed program we were able to reveal previously unknown homologs of LPMOs, namely the PFAM Egh16-like family. Moreover, we show that the substrate specificities have evolved independently several times within the LPMO superfamily. Furthermore, the LPMO phylogenetic tree, does not seem to follow taxonomy-based classification.
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Rizqiyyatunnisa, Rizqiyyatunnisa. "Upaya Meningkatkan Karakter Disiplin Anak Melalui Pohon Kedisiplinan di Tk IK Keluarga Ceria Sleman." (JAPRA) Jurnal Pendidikan Raudhatul Athfal (JAPRA) 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/japra.v3i1.8104.
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The background of the problem in this study is that the behavior of the discipline is not fully owned by the children, so that it affects the teaching and learning process in the classroom. There needs to be a renewal in the form of strategies or media that can familiarize the discipline behavior of children, so that children can get used to discipline by using the discipline tree. This study aims to determine the application of the "Disciplinary Tree" in improving the character of child discipline and to measure the increase in the character of child discipline through "Disciplinary Trees in Kindergarten IK Ceria Family Sleman. The research method used is a research method with a qualitative approach in the form of classroom action research (CAR). Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects in this study were children of Class B1 Kindergarten IK IK Ceria Sleman Family with a total of 22 students, consisting of 9 girls and 13 boys. The results of this study can be concluded that: 1) the application of the discipline tree is done by introducing the discipline tree, its function and how to use it in children, then the children are asked to try and apply it during the learning activities. The teacher observes the child's disciplined attitude when using the discipline tree; 2) increasing the character of child discipline through Disciplinary Trees at IK IK Ceria Happy Family by 39.7%
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Thomas, Erin, Charlene Tukiuha, Yvonne Underhill-Sem, and Jama'l Talagi. "Family-tree Mapping and Gender-based Violence (GBV) in Niue: Research Method and Intervention." Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2021.105.
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Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a product and manifestation of gender relations that inflicts harm disproportionately on those who identify as women and girls. In the Pacific island country of Niue, there is a lack of research and attention on the issue. The aim of this research is to examine how to work with the family space in Niue to achieve the goal of eliminating violence in social relations in Niue and promoting healthy relationships.
Methods: The research involved 14 family-tree mapping interviews using blended narrative-talanoa methods. Guided by a genealogical approach, this family-tree mapping approach was piloted as a tool for in-depth exploration of how the family space functions around GBV.
Findings: This framework presents a new way of engaging with the issue of GBV in terms of research and intervention through family-tree mapping in a way that illuminates the dynamics around disclosure, accountability, education, and talanoa/ gossip, but also protects the privacy of participants.
Conclusion: By making space within families through family-tree mapping to discuss GBV, local advocates can better understand the complexity and intimacy of family dynamics, uphold the imperatives for privacy, and guide communities towards prevention and accountability.
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Argyros, Spiros A., Pandelis Dodos, and Vassilis Kanellopoulos. "Tree structures associated to a family of functions." Journal of Symbolic Logic 70, no. 3 (September 2005): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1122038909.
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The research presented in this paper was motivated by our aim to study a problem due to J. Bourgain [3]. The problem in question concerns the uniform boundedness of the classical separation rank of the elements of a separable compact set of the first Baire class. In the sequel we shall refer to these sets (separable or non-separable) as Rosenthal compacta and we shall denote by ∝(f) the separation rank of a real-valued function f in B1(X), with X a Polish space. Notice that in [3], Bourgain has provided a positive answer to this problem in the case of K satisfying with X a compact metric space. The key ingredient in Bourgain's approach is that whenever a sequence of continuous functions pointwise converges to a function f, then the possible discontinuities of the limit function reflect a local ℓ1-structure to the sequence (fn)n. More precisely the complexity of this ℓ1-structure increases as the complexity of the discontinuities of f does. This fruitful idea was extensively studied by several authors (c.f. [5], [7], [8]) and for an exposition of the related results we refer to [1]. It is worth mentioning that A.S. Kechris and A. Louveau have invented the rank rND(f) which permits the link between the c0-structure of a sequence (fn)n of uniformly bounded continuous functions and the discontinuities of its pointwise limit. Rosenthal's c0-theorem [11] and the c0-index theorem [2] are consequences of this interaction.Passing to the case where either (fn)n are not continuous or X is a non-compact Polish space, this nice interaction is completely lost.
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Combosch, David J., Timothy M. Collins, Emily A. Glover, Daniel L. Graf, Elizabeth M. Harper, John M. Healy, Gisele Y. Kawauchi, et al. "A family-level Tree of Life for bivalves based on a Sanger-sequencing approach." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107 (February 2017): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.003.
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Pei, Dongmei, Chengpu Zhang, Yu Quan, and Qiyong Guo. "Identification of Potential Type II Diabetes in a Chinese Population with a Sensitive Decision Tree Approach." Journal of Diabetes Research 2019 (January 22, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4248218.
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Background. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a steadfast increase in prevalence. Due to the chronic course of the disease combining with devastating complications, this disorder could easily carry a financial burden. The early diagnosis of diabetes remains as one of the major challenges medical providers are facing, and the satisfactory screening tools or methods are still required, especially a population- or community-based tool. Methods. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 15,323 subjects who underwent the annual check-up in the Department of Family Medicine of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2017 to June 2017. With a strict data filtration, 10,436 records from the eligible participants were utilized to develop a prediction model using the J48 decision tree algorithm. Nine variables, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease or stroke, family history of diabetes, physical activity, work-related stress, and salty food preference, were considered. Results. The accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value for identifying potential diabetes were 94.2%, 94.0%, 94.2%, and 94.8%, respectively. The structure of the decision tree shows that age is the most significant feature. The decision tree demonstrated that among those participants with age≤49, 5497 participants (97%) of the individuals were identified as nondiabetic, while age>49, 771 participants (50%) of the individuals were identified as nondiabetic. In the subgroup where people were 34<age≤49 and BMI≥25, when with positive family history of diabetes, 89 (92%) out of 97 individuals were identified as diabetic and, when without family history of diabetes, 576 (58%) of the individuals were identified as nondiabetic. Work-related stress was identified as being associated with diabetes. In individuals with 34<age≤49 and BMI≥25 and without family history of diabetes, 22 (51%) of the individuals with high work-related stress were identified as nondiabetic while 349 (88%) of the individuals with low or moderate work-related stress were identified as not having diabetes. Conclusions. We proposed a classifier based on a decision tree which used nine features of patients which are easily obtained and noninvasive as predictor variables to identify potential incidents of diabetes. The classifier indicates that a decision tree analysis can be successfully applied to screen diabetes, which will support clinical practitioners for rapid diabetes identification. The model provides a means to target the prevention of diabetes which could reduce the burden on the health system through effective case management.
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Redonda-Martínez, Rosario, Patricio Pliscoff, Andrés Moreira-Muñoz, Esteban Manuel Martínez Salas, and Marie-Stéphanie Samain. "Towards Conservation of the Remarkably High Number of Daisy Trees (Asteraceae) in Mexico." Plants 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030534.
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Mexico is floristically the fourth most species-rich country in the world, and Asteraceae is the most diverse vascular plant family in this country. The species exhibits a wide range of growth forms, but the tree-like habit, appropriately named daisy trees, is heavily underestimated, even though slightly different tree definitions are handled. Very little is known about their precise species number or conservation status in Mexico, so we update here the list of known Mexican daisy tree species, summarize their very diverse uses, present a general panorama of their present and future distribution, and discuss their conservation status. A bibliographic review and herbarium study were carried out, carefully curated taxonomical ocurrence maps were prepared for each species, and a climatic suitability modelling approach was used to characterise the spatial patterns of Mexican Asteraceae trees. With 149 daisy tree species, the country ranks second at a global level; within the country, their greatest diversity is found in central and western Mexico. A decrease in diversity is estimated in areas that currently host the highest species richness, whereas the hotspot regions are estimated to show an increase in species diversity, so climate change is not a threat to all Mexican daisy tree species.
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Beltran, Hernan Attis, Luis Chauchard, Abel Velásquez, Renato Sbrancia, and Guillermo Martínez Pastur. "DIAMETRIC SITE INDEX: AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO ESTIMATE SITE QUALITY IN Nothofagus obliqua AND N. alpina FORESTS." CERNE 22, no. 3 (September 2016): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201622032207.
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ABSTRAT The first step for constructing models of tree growth and yield is site quality assessment. To estimate this attribute, several methodologies are available in which site index (SI) is a standard one. However, this approach, that uses height at a reference age of trees, can be simplified if age is replaced by another reference variable easier to measure. In this case, the diametric site index (DSI) represents the mean height of dominant trees at a reference mean diameter at breast height. The aim of this work was to develop DSI in pure and mixed Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua forests, and compare these models with the classical proposals based on height-age variables, within the temperate forest of northwestern Patagonia from Argentina, South America. Data originated from temporary plots and stem analyses were used. Tree age and diameter at breast height were obtained from each plot and used for establishing DSI family functions, following the guide-curve methodology. Site classes were proportionally represented among DSI curves of 17.0, 21.5, 26.0, 30.5 and 35.0 m of dominant tree height. Reference diameter instead of reference age can be cautiously used in order to fit site index models.
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Romanowski ,, Carol J., and Rakesh Nagi. "A Data Mining Approach to Forming Generic Bills of Materials in Support of Variant Design Activities." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1812556.
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In variant design, the proliferation of bills of materials makes it difficult for designers to find previous designs that would aid in completing a new design task. This research presents a novel, data mining approach to forming generic bills of materials (GBOMs), entities that represent the different variants in a product family and facilitate the search for similar designs and configuration of new variants. The technical difficulties include: (i) developing families or categories for products, assemblies, and component parts; (ii) generalizing purchased parts and quantifying their similarity; (iii) performing tree union; and (iv) establishing design constraints. These challenges are met through data mining methods such as text and tree mining, a new tree union procedure, and embodying the GBOM and design constraints in constrained XML. The paper concludes with a case study, using data from a manufacturer of nurse call devices, and identifies a new research direction for data mining motivated by the domains of engineering design and information.
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Lane, Stephen E., Andrew P. Robinson, and Thomas G. Baker. "The functional regression tree method for diameter distribution modelling." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 9 (September 2010): 1870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-119.
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Forest stand diameter distributions adopt a wide variety of shapes, not all of which can be easily matched by specific functional forms. Sometimes, diameter distributions within a single population can be too variable to be matched by a single parametric family. Motivated by this observation, we investigate the functional regression tree (FRT) method, a recursive partitioning procedure that can be used for modelling probability density functions. We use FRT to estimate forest stand diameter distributions without needing to make assumptions about the functional form. We use an example study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in which we compare the FRT method with a parameter prediction and percentile method with favourable results. We show the FRT approach to be suitable for diameter distributions that exhibit multimodality and excess skewness, which are not easily dealt with in a parametric context.
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Pillonel, Trestan, Claire Bertelli, Nicolas Salamin, and Gilbert Greub. "Taxogenomics of the order Chlamydiales." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_4 (April 1, 2015): 1381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000090.
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Bacterial classification is a long-standing problem for taxonomists and species definition itself is constantly debated among specialists. The classification of strict intracellular bacteria such as members of the order Chlamydiales mainly relies on DNA- or protein-based phylogenetic reconstructions because these organisms exhibit few phenotypic differences and are difficult to culture. The availability of full genome sequences allows the comparison of the performance of conserved protein sequences to reconstruct Chlamydiales phylogeny. This approach permits the identification of markers that maximize the phylogenetic signal and the robustness of the inferred tree. In this study, a set of 424 core proteins was identified and concatenated to reconstruct a reference species tree. Although individual protein trees present variable topologies, we detected only few cases of incongruence with the reference species tree, which were due to horizontal gene transfers. Detailed analysis of the phylogenetic information of individual protein sequences (i) showed that phylogenies based on single randomly chosen core proteins are not reliable and (ii) led to the identification of twenty taxonomically highly reliable proteins, allowing the reconstruction of a robust tree close to the reference species tree. We recommend using these protein sequences to precisely classify newly discovered isolates at the family, genus and species levels.
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Wu, Mike, Sonali Parbhoo, Michael C. Hughes, Volker Roth, and Finale Doshi-Velez. "Optimizing for Interpretability in Deep Neural Networks with Tree Regularization." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 72 (September 14, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.12558.
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Deep models have advanced prediction in many domains, but their lack of interpretability remains a key barrier to the adoption in many real world applications. There exists a large body of work aiming to help humans understand these black box functions to varying levels of granularity – for example, through distillation, gradients, or adversarial examples. These methods however, all tackle interpretability as a separate process after training. In this work, we take a different approach and explicitly regularize deep models so that they are well-approximated by processes that humans can step through in little time. Specifically, we train several families of deep neural networks to resemble compact, axis-aligned decision trees without significant compromises in accuracy. The resulting axis-aligned decision functions uniquely make tree regularized models easy for humans to interpret. Moreover, for situations in which a single, global tree is a poor estimator, we introduce a regional tree regularizer that encourages the deep model to resemble a compact, axis-aligned decision tree in predefined, human-interpretable contexts. Using intuitive toy examples, benchmark image datasets, and medical tasks for patients in critical care and with HIV, we demonstrate that this new family of tree regularizers yield models that are easier for humans to simulate than L1 or L2 penalties without sacrificing predictive power.
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Gao, Yu, and Zikai Wu. "Controlling the trapping efficiency in a family of scale-free tree networks." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 21 (August 6, 2018): 1850224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218502247.
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Efficiently controlling the trapping process is very significant in the study of trapping problem in diverse dynamic processes. In this paper, we explore the trapping efficiency on a family of scale-free tree networks with a deep trap positioned at an initial node, which is controlled by three different strategies. In the first technique, the transition probability is modified by an edge weight parameter. In the second method, the transition probability is controlled by a delay parameter. In the third approach, we use the delay parameter and weight parameter simultaneously to control the trapping process. For all the three control methods, the analytical results of average trapping time (ATT) exactly agree with the numerical results. The result of the first control strategy shows that the average trapping time can scale sublinearly, linearly or superlinearly by modifying the weight parameter. The analytic expression of the ATT in the second method shows that the delay parameter can only modify the main coefficient of ATT, but cannot change the dominant behavior of trapping efficiency. The explicit expression of average trapping time when random walk on scale-free tree network is controlled by the third method shows that it is a fine control. We can get desired trapping efficiency by changing the weight parameter and the delay parameter simultaneously. This work provides a better understanding of controlling the trapping process in a family of scale-free tree networks.
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Cerón-Romero, Mario A., Xyrus X. Maurer-Alcalá, Jean-David Grattepanche, Ying Yan, Miguel M. Fonseca, and L. A. Katz. "PhyloToL: A Taxon/Gene-Rich Phylogenomic Pipeline to Explore Genome Evolution of Diverse Eukaryotes." Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no. 8 (May 7, 2019): 1831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz103.
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Abstract Estimating multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) and inferring phylogenies are essential for many aspects of comparative biology. Yet, many bioinformatics tools for such analyses have focused on specific clades, with greatest attention paid to plants, animals, and fungi. The rapid increase in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data from diverse lineages now provides opportunities to estimate evolutionary relationships and gene family evolution across the eukaryotic tree of life. At the same time, these types of data are known to be error-prone (e.g., substitutions, contamination). To address these opportunities and challenges, we have refined a phylogenomic pipeline, now named PhyloToL, to allow easy incorporation of data from HTS studies, to automate production of both MSAs and gene trees, and to identify and remove contaminants. PhyloToL is designed for phylogenomic analyses of diverse lineages across the tree of life (i.e., at scales of >100 My). We demonstrate the power of PhyloToL by assessing stop codon usage in Ciliophora, identifying contamination in a taxon- and gene-rich database and exploring the evolutionary history of chromosomes in the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. Benchmarking PhyloToL’s homology assessment against that of OrthoMCL and a published paper on superfamilies of bacterial and eukaryotic organellar outer membrane pore-forming proteins demonstrates the power of our approach for determining gene family membership and inferring gene trees. PhyloToL is highly flexible and allows users to easily explore HTS data, test hypotheses about phylogeny and gene family evolution and combine outputs with third-party tools (e.g., PhyloChromoMap, iGTP).
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Zeng, Fu Hong, Lan Hua Zhou, and Ze Rong Li. "Study on Degree of Engineering Changes Based on Product Family." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.572.
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In order to get the total Degree of Engineering Changes for product family (EDCKBOM), which can help enterprise to select a scheme of Engineering Changes (EC) with a minor EDCKBOM and analyze the type of change propagation for the CE in the product family, the Knowledge-body based on Bill of Material (KBOM) model was built for representing domain-specific knowledge, which was described as trial(GUS, CUS, GUR) and manifested as an AND/OR tree structure. Then, a complete solution system based on recursive algorithm was designed to compute the EDCKBOM. Finally, an example was given, and the approach was proved to be efficient and practical.
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Pilkington, Fred, Minerva Singh, Vicky Wilkins, and Colin Clubbe. "The first rapid forest inventory and resource use assessment of Dashtijum Nature Reserve, Tajikistan: a mixed methods approach." Oryx 54, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605319001170.
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AbstractThere is critical need for more information on the status of forests in Central Asia, to inform conservation management. Here we assess the status and use of the globally important, threatened walnut–fruit forests of Dashtijum Nature Reserve, Tajikistan. We use a mixed methods approach combining a semi-structured interview based socio-economic survey with statistical analysis. Thirty-three tree species were recorded, with Rosaceae the most common family. The mean basal area of the forest was 20.8 m2 per ha and most tree species exhibited stable population structures. Resource use was prevalent throughout the community; most households harvested at least one fruit or nut species (78%), firewood (88%) and grazed livestock (85%). Most respondents noted declines in availability of fruits, nuts and firewood and reported a decrease in the overall area and quality of grazing. Statistical analysis and machine learning identified that distance to nearest settlement significantly affected forest total basal area, tree species richness and the Shannon index, a metric of diversity sensitive to rare species. Our results suggest that conservation management by the government and NGOs is partly effective but there is a need for increased enforcement of grazing restrictions, to prevent further forest degradation.
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Schmitt-Harsh, Mikaela L., and Eric Wiseman. "Household Perceptions and Practices of Recycling Tree Debris from Residential Properties." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 6476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166476.
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Thousands of trees are lost in urbanizing areas of Virginia each year to land development, storms, and pests. As a result, large amounts of tree debris, much of which could be suitable for high-value wood products, are flowing from Virginia’s urban forests annually. Finding cost-effective, sustainable strategies for recycling this debris, particularly into durable wood products that keep carbon stored, could benefit the local economy and the local environment throughout the state. To inform outreach and technical assistance efforts of multiple groups across the state, a survey study was conducted in the City of Harrisonburg to determine household perceptions and practices of tree debris recycling. A random sample of owner-occupied, single-family dwellings was contacted using a mixed-mode survey approach to determine why and how trees were removed from the properties in the past and how the debris was disposed of or recycled. Survey responses were received from 189 households, with survey responses pointing toward a strong community sentiment for trees and their care. Nearly all respondents agreed that wood from street trees, park trees, and other neighborhood trees should be recycled into products rather than disposed of in a landfill; however, the majority of households do not currently recycle woody debris from trees removed on these properties. The three most important factors that would facilitate future participation in tree recycling include timely removal of the wood, free curbside pick-up of the wood, and knowledge of who to contact to handle the wood. Overall, these results point to household interest and willingness to participate in wood recycling programs given appropriate information to guide their decisions and local services to facilitate transfer of wood to the municipality or commercial woodworkers. This suggests a need for greater availability of neighborhood or municipal wood recycling programs, ideally coupled with greater education and outreach about the economic and environmental benefits of recovering and utilizing wood from felled trees.
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Connor, Helene. "Ko te Rākau Hei Tohu Mō te Rangahau Me te Tuhi Whakapapa: Tree Symbolism as a Method for Researching and Writing Genealogy." Genealogy 5, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5020029.
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This article discusses a method for researching and writing whakapapa (genealogy) based on the symbolism of the tree. Utilizing tree symbolism as a method for researching and writing genealogy is conceived as a literary device for documenting both individual and collective life histories. It is an approach that was developed as being distinctively Māori, but at the same time able to be adapted by other ethnic groups and communities. The method consists of the following aspects of tree symbolism: the roots (family heritage); the trunk (what sustains and gives purpose to one’s life); the branches (the different paths our lives follow); the fruits (what we bring to our maturity); the forest (connections with others). Tree symbolism can be adapted for any ethnic group by utilizing the metaphor of a tree that has particular relevance to the particular group. It can also be adapted for community groups. For the most part, though, this article will focus on the Tōtara tree and its significance around researching and writing about whakapapa for Māori.
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Stantic, Bela, Rodney Topor, Justin Terry, and Abdul Sattar. "Advanced indexing technique for temporal data." Computer Science and Information Systems 7, no. 4 (2010): 679–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis101020035s.
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The need for efficient access and management of time dependent data in modern database applications is well recognized and researched. Existing access methods are mostly derived from the family of spatial R-tree indexing techniques. These techniques are particularly not suitable to handle data involving open ended intervals, which are common in temporal databases. This is due to overlapping between nodes and huge dead space found in the database. In this study, we describe a detailed investigation of a new approach called ?Triangular Decomposition Tree? (TD-Tree). The underlying idea for the TD-Tree is to manage temporal intervals by virtual index structures relying on geometric interpretations of intervals, and a space partition method that results in an unbalanced binary tree. We demonstrate that the unbalanced binary tree can be efficiently manipulated using a virtual index. We also show that the single query algorithm can be applied uniformly to different query types without the need of dedicated query transformations. In addition to the advantages related to the usage of a single query algorithm for different query types and better space complexity, the empirical performance of the TD-tree has been found to be superior to its best known competitors.
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Yang, Qin, Ning Jiang, and Cheng-Ming Tian. "Tree inhabiting gnomoniaceous species from China, with Cryphogonomonia gen. nov. proposed." MycoKeys 69 (July 9, 2020): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.54012.
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Species of Gnomoniaceae are commonly associated with leaf spot diseases of a wide range of plant hosts worldwide. During our investigation of fungi associated with tree diseases in China, several gnomoniaceous isolates were recovered from symptomatic branches and leaves on different woody plants in the Fagaceae, Pinaceae, and Salicaceae families. These isolates were studied by applying a polyphasic approach including morphological, cultural data, and phylogenetic analyses of partial ITS, LSU, tef1, rpb2 and tub2 gene sequences. As a result, three species were identified with characters fitting into the family Gnomoniaceae. One of these species is described herein as Cryphognomonia pinigen. et sp. nov., characterized by developed pseudostromata and ascospores with obvious hyaline sheath; Gnomoniopsis xunwuensissp. nov. is illustrated showing sympodially branched conidiophore, oval or fusiform conidia; and one known species, Plagiostoma populinum. The current study improves the understanding of gnomoniaceous species causing diebacks and leaf spot on ecological and economic forest trees.
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Martínez Jiménez, Víctor, Fernanda Ramos Carrasco, Concepción Alcázar Fajardo, and Juan Bernardo Cabezuelo Romero. "Usefulness of an specific out patient clinic on hereditary kidney diseases: A different approach based on the family tree." Nefrología (English Edition) 36, no. 3 (May 2016): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nefroe.2016.04.007.
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Aurelian, V. Marius, Maya L. Evenden, and Gary J. R. Judd. "Diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in semiochemical-baited traps targeting apple clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in organic and conventional apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Entomologist 147, no. 2 (August 11, 2014): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.47.
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AbstractApple clearwing moth (ACM),Synanthedon myopaeformis(Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is an invasive species and destructive pest of commercial apple trees in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Mass trapping with Concord grape juice and sex pheromone is being developed as an organic pest management tactic. We quantified the diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in these traps during the 2009 flight (13 June–31 July) of ACM. Paired traps were deployed in organic and conventionally managed apple orchards planted using different tree densities representing the extremes of the current BC apple industry. Using seasonal by-catch and community-level statistical analyses we determined that family communities of arthropods caught in juice-baited and pheromone-baited traps differed significantly. Yellow juice-baited traps caught a greater variety of arthropod families in greater abundance than pheromone-baited yellow Unitraps®. We show that for each trap type, family communities caught in organic versus conventional orchards were significantly different. Organic orchard management affected abundance of some beneficial taxa, but the sign of the difference depended on the taxon examined (e.g., ladybeetles increased versus lacewings declined). Tree density had no effect on by-catch. Managing ACM by mass trapping may be detrimental to ecosystem services because many nontarget beneficial species are caught. A balanced risk-to-benefit approach should be taken before this technology is widely implemented against ACM.
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Yu, Daoping, Xiangying Wen, Cehong Li, Tieyi Xiong, Qixin Peng, Xiaojie Li, Kongping Xie, Hong Liu, and Hai Ren. "Integrated conservation for Parakmeria omeiensis (Magnoliaceae), a Critically Endangered plant species endemic to south-west China." Oryx 54, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531900111x.
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AbstractParakmeria omeiensis is a Critically Endangered tree species in the family Magnoliaceae, endemic to south-west China. The tree is functionally dioecious, but little is known about the species’ status in the wild. We investigated the range, population size, age structure, habitat characteristics and threats to P. omeiensis. We located a total of 74 individuals in two populations on the steep slopes of Mount Emei, Sichuan province, growing under the canopy of evergreen broadleaved forest in well-drained gravel soil. A male-biased sex ratio, lack of effective pollinating insects, and habitat destruction result in low seed set and poor seedling survival in the wild. We have adopted an integrated conservation approach, including strengthening in situ conservation, cultivation of saplings, ex situ conservation and reintroduction, to protect this species. The successful conservation of P. omeiensis has important implications for the conservation of the genus Parakmeria and the family Magnoliaceae.
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Balogh, Gábor, Stephan H. Bernhart, Peter F. Stadler, and Jana Schor. "A probabilistic version of Sankoff’s maximum parsimony algorithm." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 18, no. 01 (February 2020): 2050004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720020500043.
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The number of genes belonging to a multi-gene family usually varies substantially over their evolutionary history as a consequence of gene duplications and losses. A first step toward analyzing these histories in detail is the inference of the changes in copy number that take place along the individual edges of the underlying phylogenetic tree. The corresponding maximum parsimony minimizes the total number of changes along the edges of the species tree. Incorrectly determined numbers of family members however may influence the estimates drastically. We therefore augment the analysis by introducing a probabilistic model that also considers suboptimal assignments of changes. Technically, this amounts to a partition function variant of Sankoff’s parsimony algorithm. As a showcase application, we reanalyze the gain and loss patterns of metazoan microRNA families. As expected, the differences between the probabilistic and the parsimony method is moderate, in this limit of [Formula: see text], i.e. very little tolerance for deviations from parsimony, the total number of reconstructed changes is the same. However, we find that the partition function approach systematically predicts fewer gains and more loss events, showing that the data admit co-optimal solutions among which the parsimony approach selects biased representatives.
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Hiraoka, Yuichiro, S. Hanaoka, A. Watanabe, T. Kawahara, and M. Tabata. "Evaluation of the growth traits of Toxicodendron vernicifluum progeny based on their genetic groups assigned using new microsatellite markers." Silvae Genetica 63, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2014): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2014-0034.
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Abstract Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkley is a tree species cultivated in Japan for production of Japanese lacquer. To facilitate the low-cost improvement of T. vernicifluum, we developed microsatellite markers for DNA fingerprinting and family and lineage reconstruction. Nine useful microsatellites were developed, with 3 to 23 alleles per locus and an expected heterozygosity of 0.162-0.838 based on a commercially planted population that included 783 offspring. Six clusters were detected in this population based on the Bayesian clustering method, and 93 half-sib families were identified using parentage and sibship assignment analysis based on a maximum likelihood method. Many members (40-96%) of large (≥10) half-sib families included specific clusters, and members from different families included the same clusters. The cluster effect for tree height was more significant than the half-sib family effect using a linear mixed model, although these effects were not significant for other traits (diameter at breast height and number of forked trunks). Based on the findings from pedigree reconstruction, backward selection for tree height seems possible. We discuss the direction of research for improving T. vernicifluum using our proposed approach.
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Myllys, L., K. Lohtander, M. Källersjö, and A. Tehler. "Applicability of its Data in Roccellaceae (Arthoniales, Euascomycetes) Phylogeny." Lichenologist 31, no. 5 (September 1999): 461–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1999.0221.
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AbstractThe ability of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS regions) of ribosomal DNA to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the euascomycetous order Arthoniales, focusing on the family Roccellaceae was investigated. The effect of alignment on phylogenetic hypotheses was evaluated. A data matrix from the ITS regions was constructed from 33 specimens representing 14 genera, including the outgroup Arthothelium spectabile. Six different alignments were analysed cladistically using parsimony jackknifing. Most groups in the six trees were congruent and well supported under the different alignment settings. In a conservative analysis, where only unambiguously alignable regions were included, the resolution was low. These results indicate that the ITS regions contain phylogenetic structure, and all information, including the variable regions, should be utilised. A data matrix from the SSU rDNA sequences was constructed for the same taxa. The SSU rDNA tree was less resolved than the ITS trees. There were only minor conflicts between the two sources of data and an incongruence test confirmed that the ITS and SSU rDNA data matrices were not significantly incongruent. The six differently aligned data matrices generated from the ITS regions were each combined with the SSUrDNA data. Simultaneous analysis of the combined data sets is the best approach as it uses all available evidence. As with the ITS trees, most groups in the combined trees were congruent and well supported. The SSU rDNA provided resolution within one clade, otherwise the ITS sequences provided most of the signal in the combined analysis, both at the basal nodes and at the tips of the tree. Molecular data clearly indicates that the fruticose/crustose habits have evolved multiple times even in comparatively small groups as in the family Roccellaceae and that the characters such as fruticose-crustose may be overemphasized in morphological analyses.
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SCHUEHLI, GUILHERME SCHNELL E., CLAUDIO JOSÉ BARROS DE CARVALHO, and BRIAN M. WIEGMANN. "Regarding the taxonomic status of Ophyra Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae): A molecular approach." Zootaxa 712, no. 1 (November 4, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.712.1.1.
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The muscid genus Ophyra has long been the subject of debate over its placement within the family. However, a phylogenetic study has never been conducted that would clarify its systematic position. In the present paper, phylogenetic relationships are examined between Ophyra albuquerquei and related muscid genera. The mitochondrial genes Cytochrome Oxidase I and II and tRNA-Leu were used combined with the nuclear genes CAD and Elongation Factor 1 to compose a matrix with 2989 characters (716 parsimonyinformative). These characters were analyzed under parsimony resulting in a single most parsimonious tree. Contrary to some recent classifications, our molecular data suggest the placement of Ophyra albuquerquei within the Muscinae in a separate position from the azeliine genus Hydrotaea.
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Amit, Yali, and Donald Geman. "Shape Quantization and Recognition with Randomized Trees." Neural Computation 9, no. 7 (October 1, 1997): 1545–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.7.1545.
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We explore a new approach to shape recognition based on a virtually infinite family of binary features (queries) of the image data, designed to accommodate prior information about shape invariance and regularity. Each query corresponds to a spatial arrangement of several local topographic codes (or tags), which are in themselves too primitive and common to be informative about shape. All the discriminating power derives from relative angles and distances among the tags. The important attributes of the queries are a natural partial ordering corresponding to increasing structure and complexity; semi-invariance, meaning that most shapes of a given class will answer the same way to two queries that are successive in the ordering; and stability, since the queries are not based on distinguished points and substructures. No classifier based on the full feature set can be evaluated, and it is impossible to determine a priori which arrangements are informative. Our approach is to select informative features and build tree classifiers at the same time by inductive learning. In effect, each tree provides an approximation to the full posterior where the features chosen depend on the branch that is traversed. Due to the number and nature of the queries, standard decision tree construction based on a fixed-length feature vector is not feasible. Instead we entertain only a small random sample of queries at each node, constrain their complexity to increase with tree depth, and grow multiple trees. The terminal nodes are labeled by estimates of the corresponding posterior distribution over shape classes. An image is classified by sending it down every tree and aggregating the resulting distributions. The method is applied to classifying handwritten digits and synthetic linear and nonlinear deformations of three hundred [Formula: see text] symbols. State-of-the-art error rates are achieved on the National Institute of Standards and Technology database of digits. The principal goal of the experiments on [Formula: see text] symbols is to analyze invariance, generalization error and related issues, and a comparison with artificial neural networks methods is presented in this context. [Figure: see text]
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Weng, Y. H., P. Lu, Q. F. Meng, and M. Krasowski. "Genetic resistance to western gall rust in jack pine and its relationship with tree height growth." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 8 (August 2015): 970–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0535.
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Developing resistance to western gall rust (WGR) is important for maintaining healthy and productive jack pine plantations. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters of resistance to WGR and its relationship with tree height growth, based on data collected from three second-generation full-sib progeny testing series of jack pine planted in New Brunswick, Canada. Results indicated that (i) resistance to WGR in jack pine was controlled by both additive and dominance gene effects, with the latter playing a greater role; (ii) narrow-sense heritability estimates for resistance to WGR were low (mean = 0.05; series range = 0.00∼0.09), and broad-sense heritability estimates were moderate on an individual-tree basis (mean = 0.53) and considerably higher on the full-sib family mean basis (mean = 0.87); (iii) additive genetic correlation between tree height growth and WGR incidence was low (≤0.06) in two series and only slightly higher and favorable (–0.19) in one series, suggesting that selection on growth traits would not negatively affect WGR resistance; and (iv) mid-parental additive genetic and dominance effects on WGR were empirically correlated (>0.65), indicating that incorporating breeding for WGR resistance into current jack pine tree improvement programs with a seed orchard approach could partly capture the benefit from dominance effects. Although genetic gains in WGR resistance could be realized through various breeding and deployment schemes, it appeared that rapid improvement could be achieved through backward selection on full-sib family means.
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Hossein Iranmanesh, Hossein, and Ali Mollajan. "Estimation of porosity of rocks based upon axiomatic local linear model tree (a lolimot model) approach." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2020): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i3.30836.
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Shear and Compressional Wave Velocities along with other Petrophysical Logs, are considered as upmost important data for Hydrocarbon reservoirs characterization. In this study, porosity of the extracted rocks form concerned wells is interest as it can indicate the oil capacity of the wells of interest. In this study, we employ the principles of Axiomatic Design theory, specially the first (independence) axiom, to more simplify the measurement system. Also, to clarify the strength of Axiomatic Design theory in reducing the complexity of the system and optimizing the measurement system, we utilize the The Lolimot model (LOcal LInear MOdel Tree) as a model from the neural network family and apply it before and after implementing the basic logic of Axiomatic Design (AD) theory. In addition, in order to illustrate strength of the proposed method emphasizing the effectiveness of a method which benefit from both AD theory and Lolimot model together, the existing system used to measure the rock porosity is addressed and actual data related to one of wells located in southern Iran is utilized. The results of the study show that integrating the Axiomatic Design principles with the LOLIMOT method leads to the least complex and most accurate results.
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Xu, Chunguang, Liming Wang, Qingfeng Cui, Ying Huang, Zhiheng Liu, Guangyu Zheng, and Michael Goodfellow. "Neutrotolerant acidophilic Streptomyces species isolated from acidic soils in China: Streptomyces guanduensis sp. nov., Streptomyces paucisporeus sp. nov., Streptomyces rubidus sp. nov. and Streptomyces yanglinensis sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63959-0.
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The taxonomic status of six neutrotolerant acidophilic streptomycetes isolated from acidic soils in Yunnan Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed that the isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces. Almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were determined and aligned with available corresponding sequences of representatives of the family Streptomycetaceae; phylogenetic trees were inferred using four tree-making algorithms. The isolates formed a distinct, albeit heterogeneous, subclade in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree together with the type strain of Streptomyces yeochonensis, but were readily distinguishable from the latter using DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic data. It was evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that the isolates belonged to four novel Streptomyces species, for which the following names are proposed: Streptomyces guanduensis sp. nov. (type strain 701T=CGMCC 4.2022T=JCM 13274T), Streptomyces paucisporeus sp. nov. (type strain 1413T=CGMCC 4.2025T=JCM 13276T), Streptomyces rubidus sp. nov. (type strain 13c15T=CGMCC 4.2026T=JCM 13277T) and Streptomyces yanglinensis sp. nov. (type strain 1307T=CGMCC 4.2023T=JCM 13275T); isolates 317 and 913 belong to this latter species.
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Walker, Trevor D., Bronson P. Bullock, Benjamin C. Smith, and Steven E. McKeand. "Modeling Self-Thinning Patterns in Loblolly Pine with Provenance and Family Effects." Forest Science 66, no. 6 (September 23, 2020): 712–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa030.
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Abstract Size-density trajectories and self-thinning boundary lines were modeled for two diverse provenances of Pinus taeda L. and five open-pollinated families within each provenance. The data used come from a single site with replicated 64-tree block plots measured through age 25 years. The effects of provenance and family were tested using linear and nonlinear mixed-effects self-thinning models. The drought-hardy Lost Pines of Texas provenance displayed a greater predicted carrying capacity (almost 200 more trees per hectare at reference diameter 25.4 cm) and had a more abrupt approach to the self-thinning line than the widely planted Atlantic Coastal Plain provenance. However, the growth rate of the Lost Pines of Texas provenance was considerably slower and stem form was unacceptable for timber production. Families from the Atlantic Coastal Plain differed in their maximum stand density index predictions (from 1,118 to 1,282 trees per hectare at the reference diameter), suggesting there is an opportunity for artificial selection to change maximum stand density index in this breeding population of loblolly pine. A novel method for predicting the self-thinning boundary line using random effects inherent to the experimental design is presented and recommended for repeated measures data. Experimental design considerations for evaluating genetic differences in self-thinning are discussed. Study Implications Genetic improvement of growth rate in forest trees has resulted in large gains in plantation productivity, but the effect on carrying capacity has not been addressed. This study indicated that artificial selection on tolerance to competition in the widely planted Atlantic Coastal Plain provenance of loblolly pine can potentially increase harvest yield without sacrificing growth rate. The drought-hardy Lost Pines of Texas provenance displayed greater carrying capacity but had poor stem form and slow growth. The Lost Pines provenance may be attractive for aboveground carbon sequestration, since it sustained substantially more biomass because of greater maximum stand density and denser wood.
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Duarte, Fábio Bonfim, Quesler Fagundes Camargos, and Ricardo Campos de Castro. "Antipassive structure in Tenetehára (Tupi-Guarani family)." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica 8, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v8i1.16311.
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This article aims to describe and examine the antipassive construction in the Tenetehára language (Tupi-Guarani family). For this, it will be shown that the transitive verbs, on receiving the morpheme {puru-}, then exhibit the following properties of antipassive constructions: (i) they come to have an intransitive syntactic structure and (ii) the abstract Case of the internal argument is not valued by v, but by the postposition -ehe. Generally, such configurations behave essentially like intransitive sentences. Using a minimalist approach, we show that the main difference between an antipassive clause and a transitive one is that although the antipassive vP selects an external argument, its head is not able to value the abstract Case of the internal argument. For this reason, the object is dependent on the postposition -ehe for the oblique Case. Furthermore, unlike what happens in the derivation of transitive constructions, the φ-feature of the antipassive vP is lexically valued, which does not allow the agreement (nominative system) in terms of φ-feature, with its external argument. The result is that this external argument moves to the highest vP Spec position in the tree structure, whose head is instantiated by the verb {-wer} “want”, with which it establishes a relationship agreement in terms of φ-feature , triggering the second agreement paradigm (absolutive system).
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Roßmann, Jürgen, Martin Hoppen, and Arno Bücken. "GML-Based Data Management and Semantic World Modelling for a 4D Forest Simulation and Information System." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 3, no. 3 (July 2014): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2014070104.
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Various types of 3D simulation applications benefit from realistic forest models. They range from flight simulators for entertainment to harvester simulators for training and tree growth simulations for research and planning. This paper's 4D forest simulation and information system integrates the necessary methods for data extraction, modelling and management. Using modern methods of semantic world modelling, tree data can efficiently be extracted from remote sensing data. The derived forest models contain position, height, crown volume, type and diameter of each tree. This data is modelled using GML-based data models to assure compatibility and exchangeability. ForestGML is the name of a new schema family developed to provide a common basis for forestry data. A flexible approach for database synchronization is used to manage the data and provide caching, persistence, a central communication hub for change distribution, and a versioning mechanism. Combining various simulation techniques and data versioning, the 4D forest simulation and information system can provide applications with “both directions” of the fourth dimension. This paper outlines the current state, new developments, and integration of tree extraction, data modelling, and data management. It also shows several applications realized with the system.
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Thawai, Chitti, Somboon Tanasupawat, Khanit Suwanborirux, and Takuji Kudo. "Actinaurispora siamensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.013763-0.
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Two actinomycete strains, CM2-8T and CM2-12, were isolated from temperate peat swamp forest soil in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains coincided with those of the family Micromonosporaceae, i.e. cell wall chemotype II, N-glycolyl type of muramic acid, and type II phospholipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data also indicated that these strains fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct taxon in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that the novel isolates belong to a new genus, Actinaurispora gen. nov. The type species of the genus is proposed as Actinaurispora siamensis sp. nov., with strain CM2-8T (=JCM 15677T=BCC 34762T) as the type strain.
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Yulia Syaputri, Rahmatul, and Irdamurni Irdamurni. "Profil Keluarga Tunarungu di Bungus Teluk Kabung." Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jga.2019.43-05.
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Every parent who has a child would want to nurture and educate him, as well as families who have limitations or have special needs, especially in deaf families, this study explains the profile of deaf families who live in the Bungung Bay Subdistrict of Kabung Bay, the family numbered seven people, among them there was a father, mother and five other children and all of them were hearing impaired, living in remote and without electricity. This family lives with various limitations, including hearing and economic limitations, they live independently and help one another. This research will reveal the family tree, faktors causing disability, environmental perception and interaction of the deaf family in the environment. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. the results show that this family is a very friendly and polite family with everyone. while the faktors that cause disability are due to hereditary faktors and are supported by environmental faktors. this is because this family lives in a remote place and far from the community. people's perception of this family is very good and they communicate using oral language and gestures to everyone.
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Bonner, Carol A., Terrence Disz, Kaitlyn Hwang, Jian Song, Veronika Vonstein, Ross Overbeek, and Roy A. Jensen. "Cohesion Group Approach for Evolutionary Analysis of TyrA, a Protein Family with Wide-Ranging Substrate Specificities." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 72, no. 1 (March 2008): 13–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00026-07.
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SUMMARY Many enzymes and other proteins are difficult subjects for bioinformatic analysis because they exhibit variant catalytic, structural, regulatory, and fusion mode features within a protein family whose sequences are not highly conserved. However, such features reflect dynamic and interesting scenarios of evolutionary importance. The value of experimental data obtained from individual organisms is instantly magnified to the extent that given features of the experimental organism can be projected upon related organisms. But how can one decide how far along the similarity scale it is reasonable to go before such inferences become doubtful? How can a credible picture of evolutionary events be deduced within the vertical trace of inheritance in combination with intervening events of lateral gene transfer (LGT)? We present a comprehensive analysis of a dehydrogenase protein family (TyrA) as a prototype example of how these goals can be accomplished through the use of cohesion group analysis. With this approach, the full collection of homologs is sorted into groups by a method that eliminates bias caused by an uneven representation of sequences from organisms whose phylogenetic spacing is not optimal. Each sufficiently populated cohesion group is phylogenetically coherent and defined by an overall congruence with a distinct section of the 16S rRNA gene tree. Exceptions that occasionally are found implicate a clearly defined LGT scenario whereby the recipient lineage is apparent and the donor lineage of the gene transferred is localized to those organisms that define the cohesion group. Systematic procedures to manage and organize otherwise overwhelming amounts of data are demonstrated.
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Jiang, Lingmin, Dexin Wang, Ji-Sun Kim, Ju Huck Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Suk Weon Kim, and Jiyoung Lee. "Reclassification of genus Izhakiella into the family Erwiniaceae based on phylogenetic and genomic analyses." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 3541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004192.
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The genus Izhakiella was established and designated as a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae in 2016. Although the taxonomical classification of most members in this family has been relatively resolved after two reclassifications in 2016 and 2017, the classification of the genus Izhakiella remains ambiguous. In this study, a polyphasic approach was used to provide evidence supporting the fact that the genus Izhakiella should no longer be considered a member of Enterobacteriaceae and proposes its reclassification into the family Erwiniaceae . The phylogenetic tree of type species in the families Enterobacteriaceae and Erwiniaceae based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, rpoB housekeeping gene, and the whole-genome comprising the 92 core genes revealed that the genus Izhakiella forms a phylogenetic lineage within the family Erwiniaceae . The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of the type species with genus Izhakiella was found to be higher for the family Erwiniaceae than that for the family Enterobacteriaceae . Notably, 12 conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are exclusively shared among the Erwiniaceae clade members were found in the type strains of the genus Izhakiella . Based on these analyses, this study suggests the reclassification of I. capsodis and I. australiensis into the family Erwiniaceae .
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Huyghe, Antoine, Patrice Francois, Yvan Charbonnier, Manuela Tangomo-Bento, Eve-Julie Bonetti, Bruce J. Paster, Ignacio Bolivar, Denise Baratti-Mayer, Didier Pittet, and Jacques Schrenzel. "Novel Microarray Design Strategy To Study Complex Bacterial Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 6 (January 18, 2008): 1876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01722-07.
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ABSTRACT Assessing bacterial flora composition appears to be of increasing importance to fields as diverse as physiology, development, medicine, epidemiology, the environment, and the food industry. We report here the development and validation of an original microarray strategy that allows analysis of the phylogenic composition of complex bacterial mixtures. The microarray contains ∼9,500 feature elements targeting 16S rRNA gene-specific regions. Probe design was performed by selecting oligonucleotide sequences specific to each node of the seven levels of the bacterial phylogenetic tree (domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species). This approach, based on sequence information, allows analysis of the bacterial contents of complex bacterial mixtures to detect both known and unknown microorganisms. The presence of unknown organisms can be suspected and mapped on the phylogenetic tree, indicating where to refine analysis. Initial proof-of-concept experiments were performed on oral bacterial communities. Our results show that this hierarchical approach can reveal minor changes (≤1%) in gingival flora content when samples collected in individuals from similar geographical origins are compared.
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Jassem, Zaidan Ali. "The Arabic Origins of English and Indo-European “Definite Articles”: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 4, no. 6 (June 28, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v4i6.1489.
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This paper traces the Arabic origins or cognates of the “definite articles” in English and Indo-European languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the definite articles in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Latin, Greek, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Persian, and Arabic. The results clearly indicate that five different types of such articles emerged in the data, all of which have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change, especially lexical, semantic, or morphological shift. Therefore, the results support the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which, unlike the Family Tree Model or Comparative Method, Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit not only belong to the same language family, renamed Eurabian or Urban family, but also are dialects of the same language, with Arabic being their origin all because only it shares the whole cognates with them all and because it has a huge phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and lexical variety. They also manifest fundamental flaws and grave drawbacks which plague English and Indo-European lexicography for ignoring Arabic as an ultimate ancestor and progenitor not only in the treatment of the topic at hand but in all others in general. On a more general level, they also show that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic, thus being the most conservative and productive language
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List, Johann-Mattis, Nelson-Sathi Shijulal, William Martin, and Hans Geisler. "Using Phylogenetic Networks to Model Chinese Dialect History." Language Dynamics and Change 4, no. 2 (2014): 222–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00402008.
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The idea that language history is best visualized by a branching tree has been controversially discussed in the linguistic world and many alternative theories have been proposed. The reluctance of many scholars to accept the tree as the natural metaphor for language history was due to conflicting signals in linguistic data: many resemblances would simply not point to a unique tree. Despite these observations, the majority of automatic approaches applied to language data has been based on the tree model, while network approaches have rarely been applied. Due to the specific sociolinguistic situation in China, where very divergent varieties have been developing under the roof of a common culture and writing system, the history of the Chinese dialects is complex and intertwined. They are therefore a good test case for methods which no longer take the family tree as their primary model. Here we use a network approach to study the lexical history of 40 Chinese dialects. In contrast to previous approaches, our method is character-based and captures both vertical and horizontal aspects of language history. According to our results, the majority of characters in our data (about 54%) cannot be readily explained with the help of a given tree model. The borrowing events inferred by our method do not only reflect general uncertainties of Chinese dialect classification, they also reveal the strong influence of the standard language on Chinese dialect history.
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Et. al., Santosh K. C. "Novel approach to determine age and gender from wrist x-ray images." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 5215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2151.
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Human gender and age prediction in field of forensic department is a very important and crucial stage in means of criminal and judicial law. Human identification is essential when it required for recognising a body in case of mass disaster and natural disaster like earth quake, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes and other geological process that causes huge damage for mankind and loss of life. Human bones during the growth stages undergo few substantial changes of size and shapes. In diagnosing growth of bones, x ray images are frequently used. Hand x ray images in particular has been chosen as a part of x ray imaging, since hand has more unique features and more number of parts. Manual technique of identification is also attainable, but this process can be adopted when medical practitioners, assistants and basic tools are available. Manual method can be carried out based on the availability of bone like skull, long bones, short bones, hand, pelvis bone etc. It requires ample time to process the accurate outcome of the available samples. Hence hand operated technique is not feasible for identification. A machine driven automated system for gender and age identification is essential to overcome the flaws occurred in manual technique. This would facilitate better outcome in lesser time, without intervention of labour and also enables quantitative and accurate assessments. In the proposed system, we have identified most important features from wrist bone which contributes in age and gender identification. Main aim of our study is to identify gender and estimation of age of Middle East population of Karnataka state in India by analysing digital images of wrist bone. Random forest classification algorithm is used to deploy this system by considering 76 male samples and 50 female samples in total 126 wrist radiographs of age group between 06 to 78 years old. Random forest classifier belongs to decision tree family, each decision tree when executed may tends to overfit that training data, but random forest avoids this over fitting problems and it will try to capture maximum amount of pattern. Since multiple decision trees are implemented in RFC, this makes it a power full classification algorithm that will predict results with higher accuracy most of the time. Accuracy of 97% is achieved in the present work for age and gender prediction.
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G., Chathurdevi, and S. Umagowrie. "POTENT BIOACTIVE METABOLITES OF CASUARINA JUNGHUHNIANA MIQ. ROOTS–A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16264.
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Objective: Casuarina junghuhniana Miq. is a multipurpose tree, belongs to the family Casuarinaceae. It has a symbiotic association with actinomycete Frankia which makes the tree to grow vigorously on varied environmental conditions. Not much work has been documented on secondary metabolites and therapeutic approach of this species in India. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the potential phytochemicals in the root extracts and its therapeutic values.Methods: Casuarina junghuhniana root samples were collected from the State Forest Research Institute, Kolappakam, Chennai. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals screening were carried out using standard procedures. Antibacterial assay was tested against different pathogens using well diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was carried out using reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging methods. The anti-inflammatory assay was tested using protein denaturation method. Further, the phytochemicals in the root extract were evaluated using GC-MS studies. The functional role of the phytoconstituent was confirmed by docking against the target using mcule software.Results: The qualitative screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. The quantitative analysis revealed the presence of maximum phenols (68.95±0.46 mg/g), flavonoids (34.15±0.33 mg/g) and terpenoids (3.9%) in methanolic root extract with respective standards. Antibacterial activity showed a maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (19±0.2 mm) followed by Staphylococcus sp (14±0.3 mm). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was compared with standard ascorbic acid and the extract showed activities in a dose-dependent manner. Several peaks were obtained in the GC-MS analysis which indicates the presence of different secondary metabolites. The specific phytocompound showed prominent binding affinity against the target enzyme in docking studies.Conclusion: The presence of potent phytochemicals in the Casuarina junghuhniana root with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities could be used as a promising source for developing novel plant-based therapeutic agents.
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Jassem, Zaidan Ali. "THE ARABIC ORIGINS OF ENGLISH AND EUROPEAN "PLACE NAMES": A CONSONANTAL RADICAL THEORY APPROACH." English Review: Journal of English Education 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v6i2.1244.
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This paper examines the Arabic origins of some common place names in English, German, French, Latin, Greek, Russian, and Sanskrit from a consonantal radical or lexical root theory perspective. The data consists of the names of around 60 key cities like Birmingham, Brighton, Cambridge, Chester, Derby, Essex, Exeter, Glasgow, London, Manchester, Oxford, Queensville, York, etc. The results clearly show that all such names have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings whose different forms, however, are all found to be due to natural and plausible causes and different courses of linguistic change. Furthermore, they show that place names play an important role in both near and distant genetic relationships. As a consequence, the results indicate, contrary to Comparative Method and Family-Tree Model claims (e.g. Campbell 2013; Harper 2012-18),� that Arabic, English, and all Indo-European languages� belong to the same language, let alone the same family. Therefore, they prove the adequacy of the consonantal radical theory in relating English, German, French, Latin, and Greek to Arabic as their origin all because, unlike any other language in the group, it shares cognates with all of them in addition to its huge linguistic repertoire phonetically, phonologically, morphologically, syntactically, and semantically.Keywords: Place names, Arabic, English, German, French, Russian, Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, historical linguistics, consonantal radical/lexical root theory
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Bindris, Nouf, Nello Cristianini, and Jonathan Lawry. "Claim Consistency Checking Using Soft Logic." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 2, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make2030009.
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Increasing concerns about the prevalence of false information and fake news has led to calls for automated fact-checking systems that are capable of verifying the truthfulness of statements, especially on the internet. Most previous automated fact-checking systems have focused on the use of grammar rules only for determining the properties of the language used in statements. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to the fact-checking of natural language text, which uses a combination of all the following techniques: knowledge extraction to establish a knowledge base, logical inference for fact-checking of claims not explicitly mentioned in the text through the verification of the consistency of a set of beliefs with established trusted knowledge, and a re-querying approach that enables continuous learning. The approach that is presented here addresses the limitations of existing automated fact-checking systems via this novel procedure. This procedure is as follows: the approach investigates the consistency of presented facts or claims while using probabilistic soft logic and a Knowledge Base, which is continuously updated through continuous learning strategies. We demonstrate this approach by focusing on the task of checking facts about family-tree relationships against a corpus of web resources concerned with the UK Royal Family.