Dissertations / Theses: 'Family transfers'

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Way, Megan McDonald. "Essays in Intergenerational Transfers." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/749.

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Thesis advisor: Donald Cox
Chapter 1 - Intergenerational Transfer Inflows to Adult Children of Divorce Do adult children of divorce receive less money from their parents than children of intact unions? Are they less likely to receive parental help for buying a house, starting a business or weathering a financial crisis? Though there is evidence that an individual divorced parent gives less to his child than he would give if he were married to his child's other parent, no study has examined the transfers given by both divorced parents. I approach the question of transfers to adult children of divorce from a fresh angle by asking not, "How much did the parent give?" but instead, "How much did the child get?" I also examine the correlation between parents' remarriage and transfers received. Using data from the 1988 wave of the PSID, I find that parental divorce and remarriage are uncorrelated with the incidence of a transfer. Within the select group of children who receive a transfer, however, divorce is correlated with an increased transfer amount, while a father's remarriage is correlated with a decreased amount. Chapter 2 - The Correlation Between Subjective Parental Longevity and Intergenerational Transfers Are parental financial transfers to adult children correlated with subjective parental longevity? Despite rapid and continuing increases in life expectancy, no previous study has looked at transfers in relation to parents' opinions of how long they will live. This paper uses the subjective survival probability data included in the Health and Retirement Study to examine this potential correlation for a select group of unmarried older parents. For mothers only, I consistently find modest positive correlations between subjective longevity and anticipated future inter vivos transfers and bequests. For fathers, I find a non-linear relationship between subjective longevity and anticipated future inter vivos transfers. I discuss the potential reasons for these descriptive results and some further questions that arise from them
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

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Saad, Paulo Murad. "Support transfers between the elderly and the family in Southeast and Northeast Brazil /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Moussault, Erwan. "Trois essais sur la taxation des héritages." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0967/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’étudier l’impact de l’introduction de la taxation des héritages sur la croissance et l’offre de travail, en considérant la diversité des transferts familiaux intergénérationnels. En effet, la transmission familiale peut être éducative, culturelle, patrimoniale, ou encore perçue comme un transfert en temps. Toutes ces formes de solidarités familiales génèrent des externalités, qui impactent différemment la croissance et l’offre de travail, ce qui peut affecter l’efficacité des politiques fiscales. Ainsi, l’impôt successoral réduit l’incitation à épargner mais peut accroître l’investissement éducatif ou les transferts en temps, ce qui peut affecter positivement la productivité des ménages et l’offre de travail. Nous développons ici des modèles théoriques à générations imbriquées avec altruisme envers les descendants. La thèse est composée de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre permet d'étudier l’impact de la non-disponibilité de la dette publique sur la politique de redistribution intergénérationnelle mise en place par le gouvernement, en utilisant uniquement l'impôt sur les revenus du travail et l'impôt successoral. Il permet aussi d’analyser son effet sur la croissance économique et les transferts familiaux intergénérationnels, consistant en des legs et des dépenses d’éducation, en mettant en évidence le rôle central de la taxation de l’héritage. Le second chapitre propose un modèle avec legs et transferts de temps descendants, dont l’objectif est de montrer les différences entre la taxation de l’héritage et la taxation du capital de cycle de vie, sur le comportement des ménages. Nous montrons que l’utilisation de la taxation de l’héritage à la place de celle du capital peut être une reforme Pareto-améliorante, en fonction de l’effet de la réforme sur l’offre de travail. Enfin, le troisième chapitre s’intéresse aussi à la comparaison entre taxation du capital et taxation de l’héritage, dans un modèle où les dynasties sont différentes en termes de productivité et de niveau d'altruisme. Ce chapitre démontre qu’appliquer l'impôt successoral à la place de celui du capital, peut améliorer à long terme, le bien-être des moins altruistes et, dans certains cas, peut être Pareto-améliorante, si les ressources disponibles pour les plus altruistes augmentent avec la réforme
This thesis analyzes the impact of inheritance taxation on growth and labor supply, considering the diversity of intergenerational family transfers, such that bequests, parent's education spendings or time transfers. These forms of family solidarity generate externalities, which impact growth and labor supply, and affect the effectiveness of tax policies. Concerning inheritance tax which reduces the incentive to save, it can also increase educational investment or time transfers, which can positively affect household productivity and labor supply. For this purpose, we use overlapping generations models with altruism towards offspring. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter studies the impact of public debt on intergenerational transfers and on human capital growth, using a simple tax structure with labor and bequest taxes. In this model, parents augment their children's income through education and bequest. When public debt is not available, we show that the long run growth is higher thanks to an increase of the gap between the two taxes, which underlines the role of inheritance taxation. The second chapter proposes a model with rational altruism textit{`a la} Barro, where time transfers and bequests are available to parents. We analyze a shift from capital income tax towards inheritance tax, leaving constant the capital labor ratio. We show that this reform may increase welfare of all generations. Welfare improvement mainly depends on the effect of the reform on the labor supply. This tax reform is also implemented in the third chapter where we consider that dynasties differ in productivity and altruism. We show that the tax reform increases the welfare of less altruistic dynasties but decreases welfare of the most altruistic one. Extending the model with time transfers and elastic labor supply, we identify situations where the tax reform is Pareto improving

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Cox, Melanie Louise. "The Role of the Therapeutic Alliance on the Successful Outcome of Transfers in Marriage and Family Therapy Cases." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6517.

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The transfer of cases is common in the practice of Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT). This is especially true in training clinics, where student interns regularly graduate and transfer their cases to students still in the program. Although some research has examined the effect of transferring cases of individual psychotherapy on the success of therapy outcome, little research has examined transfer cases in MFT settings. The transfer process can be conceptualized as a rupture in the therapeutic alliance. From this perspective, a strong therapeutic alliance may mitigate the negative impact of the rupture. Consequently, it was hypothesized that a strong therapeutic alliance with the initial therapist would predict a successful transfer process. Similarly, it was hypothesized that a strong therapeutic alliance with the new therapist would predict a successful transfer process. To test these hypotheses, data were examined from 49 individual, couple, and family therapy cases that experienced a transfer at an MFT training program at a university in the northeastern part of the United States. Results indicated that the therapeutic alliance with neither the initial or new therapist predicted successful therapy transfer. A possible explanation for the lack of significant results may be the small sample size, which limited the statistical power of the analyses. In addition, because of the small sample size, the individual, couple, and family cases were combined in the analyses. Because the therapeutic alliance in couple and family cases has different dimensions than it does in individual cases, it is possible that the true effect of the therapeutic alliance on transfer success was masked in the combined analysis.

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Masiano, Steven P. "Family Planning and HIV Interventions among Women in Low-income Settings." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5688.

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This dissertation examines the effectiveness of interventions related to family planning and the uptake of HIV-related preventive services among women in low-income settings. Women in low-income settings and living with HIV face many barriers to care, including limited access to services for family planning and HIV-related preventive care. At the same time, national, regional, and global efforts are looking for interventions to help control rapid population growth, create an HIV-free generation, and provide adequate preventive care for those living with HIV. This dissertation cuts across these issues and can help to inform debate and policies to address these issues. This dissertation comprises three discrete papers. Paper 1 (chapter 1) examines the effectiveness of a national scale-up of community-based distribution of family planning services on contraceptive use in Malawi’s rural areas during the period 2005-2016. The national-scale up of the intervention followed the success of a pilot of a similar intervention implemented in the period 1999-2004. As in the pilot, the scaled-up program distributed condoms and oral contraceptives and provided family planning education. Further, because education and income are important determinants of individual contraceptive use, the paper also examines whether the effectiveness of the national scale CBDs varies over these dimensions. The paper uses the Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys. The study finds that the intervention increased contraceptive use by 6.8 percentage points and the effects were greater among uneducated and low-income women. Paper 2 (chapter 2) conducts a cost-effectiveness analysis of a trial of cash incentives aimed at increasing the uptake of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The trial was conducted in the Democratic of the Congo (DRC) as part of an effort to find ways of increasing uptake of PMTCT services in sub-Saharan Africa where uptake of these services remains low. The study is conducted from the societal perspective, relies on multiple sources within and outside of the DRC for cost data, and reports economic costs in 2016 International Dollars (I$). At a threshold of 3*GDP per capita for the DRC (I$2409), the study finds that the intervention is cost-effective. Paper 3 (chapter 3) examines the guideline concordance of the time to follow-up anal cancer screening in women living with HIV at high risk for anal cancer. In the US, the incidence of anal cancer in women living with HIV has increased significantly in the past 2-3 decades. However, early detection of anal cancer, through regular screening, can lead to effective secondary prevention of the disease. While guidelines for anal cancer screening exist, very little is known about the guideline concordance of the time to follow-up anal cancer screening in women at high risk of acquiring anal cancer. Hence this study. The study uses Medicaid Analytic eXtract files which compile claims of individuals enrolled in Medicaid—a public health insurance program largely for eligible low-income adults and the largest single payer for HIV/AIDS in the US. The study finds that time to follow-up screening is not guideline-concordant for most women living with HIV, particularly those with one of the two risk factors for anal cancer: a history of abnormal cervical test results or a history of genital warts.

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Jarboe, Denise Eileen. "The Effect of Evaluating a Quality Improvement Initiative on Reducing Hospital Transfers of Nursing Home Residents." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/283.

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The Effect of a Quality Improvement Initiative on Reducing Hospital Transfers of Nursing Home Residents by Denise Eileen Jarboe MSN, Walden University, 2010 BS, University of Maryland, 1981 Project Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University February 2015 Nursing homes (NH) in the 21st century provide skilled healthcare services for resident populations who are older, frailer, and often suffering from multiple incurable chronic medical conditions. Nurses practicing in this setting must be keen observers and effective communicators with the ability to recognize and report subtle changes in health status that may lead to an avoidable or unnecessary hospital transfer. The purpose of this DNP project was to evaluate the impact of a quality assurance performance improvement (QAPI) initiative implementing the INTERACTTM (interventions to reduce acute care transfers) SBAR (situation, background, assessment/appearance, recommendation) communication tool in a skilled NH setting. The Synergy Model, which posits that optimal patient outcomes are possible when nurse competency is matched or synergized with patient care needs, provided the conceptual framework for this project. To evaluate the effect of the program, resident hospital transfer events groups before and after SBAR utilization (n = 295) were analyzed using a dependent t test to determine if significant differences existed in the groups in overall number of transfers, clinical condition categories, and those leading to an inpatient hospitalization. Although analysis of the data did not demonstrate significant decreases in resident transfer events, the results did provide valuable baseline information for future studies. This project contributed to social change by evaluating communication among care providers in a skilled NH setting, establishing baseline information and identifying the need for future projects. This information is vital for determining which resident transfers to the hospital are avoidable and for developing future programs addressing this practice issue.

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Superti, Luiz Henrique Ferreira Cruz e. "Efeitos do programa brasileiro de transferência de renda sobre a fecundidade: evidências atravéss do uso de regressão descontínua." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-02102018-114154/.

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O programa de transferencia de renda Bolsa Familia e um importante pilar da seguri- dade social brasileira, mas ha um senso comum de que as transferencias do programa incentivam casais beneficiarios a terem mais filhos. Utilizando base de dados do governo federal (Cadunico e Caixa) e valendo-se dos criterios de eligibilidade, prop6e-se uma ine- dita analise quase experimental para estudar os efeitos das transferencias nao condicionais (UCT) e das condicionais (CCT) sobre a fecundidade das beneficiarias entre os anos de 2011 a 2015, atraves de uma regressao descontinua fuzzy. Problemas de medida associa- dos a base (e.g.: manipulacao, arredondamento, atrito) sao remediados com a estimacao nao parametrica proposta por Gerard, Rokkanen & Rothe (2016), em que se determina limites superiores e inferiores aos efeitos de tratamento. Por um lado, nao ha evidencia de que o componente CCT afete a fecundidade das beneficiarias, mas por outro, o com- ponente mais flexivel do Bolsa Familia, o UCT, possivelmente reduziu a fecundidade das beneficiarias mais pobres, sobretudo no Nordeste. Tais resultados sao contraintuitivos em relacao a literatura te6rica ate entao, mas em linha com a grande maioria dos resultados encontrados em programas similares da America Latina.
The Brazilian cash transfer program Balsa Familia is a very, if not the most, important pil- lar of Brazil\'s welfare system. However, there is a common sense that the program\'s trans- fers incentive beneficiary couples to have more children. Using federal data (Cadunico and Caixa databases) and the eligibility rules for the program, I propose a quasi-experimental approach to verify both unconditional (UCT) and conditional transfers (CCT) on the beneficiaries\' fertility rates between 2011 and 2015, through a fuzzy regression disconti- nuity approach. Measure problems associated with the data (e.g.: manipulation, heaping, attriton), are solved using a non parametric estimation proposed by Gerard, Rokkanen & Rothe (2016), which determines lower and upper bounds for treatment effects. On one hand, there is no evidence that the CCT component affects the beneficiaries\' fertility rates, but on another, the more flexible component of Bolsa Familia, UCT, possibly reduced the fertility rates for the most poor. Those results are counter intuitive with the theoretical literature so far, but in line with the majority of other studies analyzing similar transfer programs in Latin America.

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Fiong, à Bitegni Jean-Bosco. "Entraide familiale et fécondité en contexte de pauvreté : le cas du Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100046/document.

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Cette thèse s’est interrogée principalement sur le lien entre l’entraide familiale et la fécondité en contexte de pauvreté. Elle a donc mis en relief l’impact sur la fécondité des changements des comportements des ménages vis-à-vis de l’entraide familiale. Nous avons tenté d’identifier les facteurs de la baisse de la fécondité observée au Cameroun, et de discuter l’idée selon laquelle un affaiblissement du système de l’entraide familiale serait un déterminant de la fécondité. Entre autres, nous avons cherché aussi à relever les transformations subies par les ménages camerounais (configuration et composition), dues à l’impact de la pauvreté sur leurs organisations. En guise de résultats, outre le début d’un affaiblissement du système d’entraide familiale, d’autres facteurs tels que la baisse de la mortalité infanto-juvénile, etc., expliquent la baisse de la fécondité au Cameroun. Si l’on observe donc une persistance de l’entraide familiale au Cameroun malgré la pauvreté, notons néanmoins une montée en puissance de la nucléarisation de la famille qui se traduit par une préférence d’aider ses proches à distance au travers du soutien financier, au lieu de les avoir près de soi à travers la cohabitation
This thesis wondered mainly about the link between the family mutual aid and the fertility in context of poverty. Thus she accentuated the impact on the fertility of the changes of the behavior of the households towards the family mutual aid. We tried to identify the factors of the reduction in the fertility observed in Cameroon, and tu discuss the idea according to which a weakening of the system of the family mutual aid would be a determiner of fertility. Among others, we also looked to raise the transformations undergone by the Cameroonian households (configuration and composition), due the impact of the poverty on their organizations. By way of results, besides the beginning of a weakening of the system of family mutual aid, other factors such as the reduction in the infanto-young mortality, etc., explain the reduction of the fertylity in Cameroon. If we thus observe an obstinacy of the family mutual aid in Cameroon in spite of the poverty, let us note nevertheless an increase in importance of the nuclearization of family which is translated by a preference to help his remote relations through the financial support, instead of having them near one through the cohabitation

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Papuchon, Adrien. "Les transferts intergénérationnels des parents à leurs descendants en Europe : la solidarité comme mécanisme de (re)production des inégalités." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0046.

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Un consensus s’est formé autour de l’idée que la solidarité familiale ferait contrepoids à l’augmentation des inégalités et que le pays constituerait - à un âge donné - le principal facteur de différenciation dans sa mise en œuvre. Au contraire, les résultats exposés montrent comment l’intervention familiale contribue à stratifier, dans chaque contexte national, les conditions d’entrée dans la vie adulte. A l’aide de l’enquête SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement), nous étudions le déploiement dans treize pays européens des trois principaux types de transfert intergénérationnel réalisés par les parents en direction de leurs descendants adultes : les dons d’argent, le maintien des jeunes au foyer parental, et les services rendus. Dans tous les pays, ces pratiques constituent des vecteurs de transmission des inégalités d’une génération à l’autre : les dons d’argent dépendent fortement des ressources des pourvoyeurs - en particulier de leur patrimoine -, la cohabitation aboutit à des inégalités significatives du point de vue des ressources perçues, et les services, quoiqu’apparemment guidés par les besoins des jeunes adultes, jouent un rôle significatif dans la reproduction de la division genrée du travail domestique. En définitive, cette thèse contribue à réorienter le regard sur les déterminants et les impacts sociaux de la solidarité familiale, ainsi que sur l’articulation en Europe entre les trois « piliers » du Welfare (public, marchand et familial). Elle incite à réviser la vision usuelle des conséquences en terme de stratification sociale de l’inégale intervention familiale dans les premières années de la vie adulte
Family solidarity is usually regarded as a counterweight to the growth of inequalities, and - for a given age - the country is considered a major differentiation factor in its implementation process. On the contrary, our results show how family intervention stratifies, in each national context, the transition to adulthood and contributes to the transmission of social inequalities from one generation to another. Building on the SHARE survey project, we compare the development of the three main kinds of intergenerational transfers from parents to their offspring in thirteen European countries : monetary gifts, intergenerational coresidency and time transfers. In the whole set of countries, these practices are vectors of intergenerational transmission of inequalities : gifts are largely based upon parents’ resources - and, above all, their wealth -, coresidency brings out significant inequalities to its beneficiaries, and social support, even if apparently answering children’s needs, plays an essential role in the reproduction of the gendered division of domestic work. As a consequence, this work advocates for a new focus on determinants and social impacts of family solidarity, and sheds new light on the relation between the three “pillars” of the welfare regime (public sector, market, family). Last but not least, it leads to a renovation of the traditional understanding of consequences of the unequal family intervention during the first years of adulthood

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McLeod, Christine. "Changing places- Resilience in children who move." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1844.

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Figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics show that over 40% of all Australian children moved at least one time in the census period from 1996 to 2001 (ABS, 2001). The literature varies in the impact that this has on children. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between residential relocation, resilience and the emotional, behavioural and academic adjustment of children 8-12 years of age who had moved. Risk factors as identified in the literature as well as the relative impact of resilience were examined. By studying how adjustment occurs in the context of resilience, possible areas for prevention and intervention may be developed for the large numbers of children who move. Results showed that the sample population was in the normal range in academic and behavioural terms. The sample was found to have repeated more grades than average; however the children did not exhibit significant behavioural or emotional consequences. A number of demographic factors have been indicated in the literature as affecting adjustment after residential relocations, yet these were generally not found to be significantly associated with adjustment for this study population. Socioeconomic status was the only factor other than resilience to have been significantly associated with adjustment. Possibly due to the developmental stage of the participants, only the resilience subscales of interpersonal strength and school functioning were found to be significant in their positive association with adjustment, leading to fewer behavioural and academic problems. While the children in this study have all had the potential stress of moving house, the demographic characteristics of this sample would suggest that they might not have had to encounter multiple life challenges or adversities. This conclusion may help explain the lack of significant effects of demographic factors on the adjustment of the children in this sample. Results highlight the importance of good schooling and that the core business of schools in building and enhancing the intellectual functioning of children, is a vital component in the development of resilience. These findings suggest that different aspects of resilience may be important for different developmental stages and different life stressors. The distinction between cause and effect when examining resilience factors is discussed and it is suggested that outcomes in one context may be treated as influences upon outcomes in another context.

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McLeod, Christine. "Changing places resilience in children who move /." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1844.

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Master of Science/Doctor of Clinical Psychology
Figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics show that over 40% of all Australian children moved at least one time in the census period from 1996 to 2001 (ABS, 2001). The literature varies in the impact that this has on children. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between residential relocation, resilience and the emotional, behavioural and academic adjustment of children 8-12 years of age who had moved. Risk factors as identified in the literature as well as the relative impact of resilience were examined. By studying how adjustment occurs in the context of resilience, possible areas for prevention and intervention may be developed for the large numbers of children who move. Results showed that the sample population was in the normal range in academic and behavioural terms. The sample was found to have repeated more grades than average; however the children did not exhibit significant behavioural or emotional consequences. A number of demographic factors have been indicated in the literature as affecting adjustment after residential relocations, yet these were generally not found to be significantly associated with adjustment for this study population. Socioeconomic status was the only factor other than resilience to have been significantly associated with adjustment. Possibly due to the developmental stage of the participants, only the resilience subscales of interpersonal strength and school functioning were found to be significant in their positive association with adjustment, leading to fewer behavioural and academic problems. While the children in this study have all had the potential stress of moving house, the demographic characteristics of this sample would suggest that they might not have had to encounter multiple life challenges or adversities. This conclusion may help explain the lack of significant effects of demographic factors on the adjustment of the children in this sample. Results highlight the importance of good schooling and that the core business of schools in building and enhancing the intellectual functioning of children, is a vital component in the development of resilience. These findings suggest that different aspects of resilience may be important for different developmental stages and different life stressors. The distinction between cause and effect when examining resilience factors is discussed and it is suggested that outcomes in one context may be treated as influences upon outcomes in another context.

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Taylor, Janet Edgar. "Fairness, family relationships, and farm transfer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/NQ33324.pdf.

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Chan, Kwok Ho. "Three Essays in Family Economics." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3147.

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Thesis advisor: Donald Cox
This dissertation contains three essays. It provides analysis on issues concerning about family economics. The first essay investigates issues about intergenerational transfer in China. Does parental support in China respond to low income of the elderly? Intergenerational transfers from adult children to their parents are thought to contribute a significant portion of old-age support in China. With a fast growing elder population and an increasing old-age dependency ratio, it is important to understand these transfers. This study investigates the determining factors of intergenerational transfers in China. This line of research is still lacking due to the scarcity of detailed household data. Past studies on private transfers in China could not differentiate between intergenerational versus intragenerational transfers. Using pilot data from the newly released China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), I found that around half of the sampled households received transfers from adult children and the amount of transfer is as much as two-thirds of household income per capita. Data also showed that poorer households are more likely to receive transfers. Data suggested that people in the poor province (Gansu) have a higher degree of dependence on adult children, as the source of providing old-age support and living arrangement. Seeing how private transfers are large, widespread, and responsive to income, the benefits from instituting appropriate public policy would likely accrue in part to younger generations by lessening their burden of familial support. The second essay examines the effect of social father on the well-being of out-of-wedlock children. Social fathers, defined as stepfathers or unrelated cohabiting romantic partners of biological mothers, have become more widespread as a result of the increasing out-of-wedlock childbearing. With more young children living with social fathers, it is important to understand the effect of social fathers on the well-being of children. Previous research focused more on such effect on older children or adolescents. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), I find that children with social fathers scored around three points less in a cognitive ability test than children living only with biological mothers. I used the propensity score matching method to address the selection issue for which the child's mother self-selected into having a new partner. Social fathers will be more common because of the widespread of non-marital births. Any negative effect caused by the social fathers will affect a large portion of child population. The third essay evaluates the association between the timing of parenthood and the timing of retirement. Is late parenting associated with late retirement? The trend of parenthood timing is under drastic change. The birth rate for women aged 30-34 rose from 52.3 births per 1000 women in 1975 to 96.5 births per 1000 women in 2010 while the birth rate for women aged 20-24 went down from 113 births to 90 births per 1000 women during the same period. The children may still be very young when their parents enter their retirement age. In the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), 20% of respondents' children lived with them while nearly 30% of these children were below 18 years of age. Despite the potential importance of this issue, economists have not done much research on it. Using the HRS, this study found that parents who have their first child before or at age 30 retire earlier than parents who have their first child after age 30. This positive association holds for different sub-groups of the sample. With significant portion of people delaying their parenthood and a large group of people entering their retiring age, it is very important for policy makers and economists to understand how the timing of parenthood associates with the timing of retirement
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

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McCarthy, Kristina L. "Cross-Project Knowledge Transfer Succession Planning for Family-Owned Businesses." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5223.

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When the owners of family-owned businesses leave the workplace, they can transfer ownership to the next generation; however, their knowledge of the business goes with them. There is a gap in the literature regarding effective ways to transfer family business resources and knowledge to subsequent generations. The problem was some small and family-owned businesses do not have detailed plans in place based on the needs of owners and the successor generation, with cross-project knowledge as part of the succession plan. The purpose of this nonexperimental study was to examine the relationships between the subscales of cross-project tacit knowledge transfer and to examine the generational differences in cross-project tacit knowledge transfer among small and family-owned businesses. The theoretical underpinning of the study was Argyris and SchÃ¶n's organizational learning theory. Data from family business owners were collected through an online survey administered by SurveyMonkey, using purposeful sampling. Data (n = 233) were analyzed using a Spearman correlation matrix and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The findings indicated there were significant associations for seven of the 10 correlations between the subscales of cross-project knowledge transfer with each relationship being positive. In addition, the findings suggested that there were significant differences in cross-project knowledge transfer by age cohort. These findings may assist informed family-owned business owners with the complexities of succession planning, which may lead to the business being successful over more generations. This may allow the business to sustain its contribution to the local economy and help the community to prosper, leading to positive social change.

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Lumjuan, Nongkran. "Characterisation of Aedes aegypti glutathione S-transferase enzyme family." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422993.

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Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds including insecticides. Overexpression of GST is an important mechanism of insecticide resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate GST-based resistance to DDT in Aedes aegypti from Thailand. Putative GST genes were retrieved from the Aedes aegypti genome and the gene sequences were confirmed. Twenty seven GST genes were identified in Aedes aegypti. There were classified into at least 6 classes and their relationship to Anopheles gambiae GSTs investigated using phylogenetic analysis. Thirteen GSTs were further characterised; two were classified as Delta, two as Epsilon, one as Sigma, two as Theta class and three were unclassified. Both GSTdI and GSTsI are alternatively spliced. The expression of four GST transcripts, GSTe2, GSTe4, GSTu3 and GSTt1 was quantified. Only GSTe2 was up regulated in the DDT/permethrin resistant strain. Recombinant GSTE2-2 showed DDT dehydrochlorinase activity toward DDT. The expression of GSTe4, GSTu3 and GSTtI were not correlated with insecticide resistance. GSTu3 has been previously studied and implicated in DDT/permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti from South America [Grant and Hammock (1992) Mol Gen Genetics 234: 169-176]. However, this gene was not over expressed in the resistant strain from Thailand. Recombinant GSTU3-3 was not able to metabolise DDT. Recombinant GSTE2-2 and GSTU3-3 showed an affinity to bind hematin, suggesting these enzymes act as binding protein, besides the enzymatic properties. The binding of hematin by GST may protect mosquitoes against heure toxicity during blood feeding

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16

Mitchell, Marion Lucy. "Family outcomes following patient transfer from Inensive Care : an educational intervention." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15816/.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to improve family members' transfer from Intensive Care. A structured pre-transfer educational method of patient transfer was introduced and evaluated. Background of the study: Many studies have documented the needs of family members whilst in intensive care units (ICU) but few have evaluated interventions to support meeting these needs. No studies have documented 'uncertainty in illness' levels of family members around transfer from ICU or the relationship between uncertainty and anxiety. Method: The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group design based on the General System Theory (von Bertalanffy, 1972). There were four phases to the study with the intervention grounded in Knowles' Adult Learning Theory (1980). Family members of patients in an ICU were purposively allocated to a control(n = 80) and intervention group (n = 82). A pre-test, post-test strategy was used with data from the control group collected first and once completed, the intervention was introduced into the ICU. The intervention group data were then collected using the same data collection tools. The intervention group experienced a transfer method designed to improve communication with the bedside nurse in ICU whereas the control group received existing ad hoc transfer methods. Participants were surveyed before and after transfer using Spielberger et al.'s state anxiety inventory and Mishel's 'uncertainty in illness' scale. Demographic data were collected for both patients and family members together with family members' satisfaction with the transfer process they experienced. At the completion of the study, intensive care nurses (n = 40) were surveyed to assess their perception of the efficacy of the intervention. Results: Three factors were found to significantly affect levels of 'uncertainty in illness' and these included state anxiety scores (F = 50.9, p < .000), the relationship of the family member to the patient (F = 2.9, p = .022), and the unexpected nature of the admission (F = 23.09, p < .000). These factors accounted for 33% of the variance of 'uncertainty in illness' scores. State anxiety levels were significantly affected by the degree of family social support (F = 10.0, p = .002) and uncertainty as previously mentioned. State anxiety reduced significantly following transfer for both groups and 'uncertainty in illness' reduced significantly for the intervention group (t = 2.21, p = .03).When controlled for pre-transfer levels, however, there was no significant reduction in the intervention group when compared with the control group.' Uncertainty in illness' for the intervention group reduced, however, whereas scores for the control group did not. The intervention group experienced significantly higher levels of satisfaction with transfer (Z = -2.43, p = .015) and felt significantly better prepared for transfer(Z = -3.26, p = .001) than did the control group. The vast majority of ICU nurses(90.6%) thought the intervention provided a useful framework for discussing the patient's condition with family members and 94% thought it should be introduced for all transfers from ICU. Conclusions: Uncertainty is significantly related to state anxiety in this sample. Previous research suggests that individual's coping ability is affected by both anxiety and' uncertainty in illness' which limit their adaptation to the new ward situation. This results in relationship disturbances and psychological distress (Mishel, 1981)at a time when patients rely on family support. The intervention reduced uncertainty and improved family members' satisfaction with the transfer process by improved communication between family members and ICU nurses. The intervention was fully endorsed and supported by ICU nurses who recommended its introduction for all future transfers.

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Leith, Beverly A. "Anxiety in patients and family members after transfer from intensive care." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ32165.pdf.

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Mitchell, Marion Lucy. "Family outcomes following patient transfer from intensive care : an educational intervention." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15816/1/Marion_Mitchell_Thesis.pdf.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to improve family members' transfer from Intensive Care. A structured pre-transfer educational method of patient transfer was introduced and evaluated. Background of the study: Many studies have documented the needs of family members whilst in intensive care units (ICU) but few have evaluated interventions to support meeting these needs. No studies have documented 'uncertainty in illness' levels of family members around transfer from ICU or the relationship between uncertainty and anxiety. Method: The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group design based on the General System Theory (von Bertalanffy, 1972). There were four phases to the study with the intervention grounded in Knowles' Adult Learning Theory (1980). Family members of patients in an ICU were purposively allocated to a control(n = 80) and intervention group (n = 82). A pre-test, post-test strategy was used with data from the control group collected first and once completed, the intervention was introduced into the ICU. The intervention group data were then collected using the same data collection tools. The intervention group experienced a transfer method designed to improve communication with the bedside nurse in ICU whereas the control group received existing ad hoc transfer methods. Participants were surveyed before and after transfer using Spielberger et al.'s state anxiety inventory and Mishel's 'uncertainty in illness' scale. Demographic data were collected for both patients and family members together with family members' satisfaction with the transfer process they experienced. At the completion of the study, intensive care nurses (n = 40) were surveyed to assess their perception of the efficacy of the intervention. Results: Three factors were found to significantly affect levels of 'uncertainty in illness' and these included state anxiety scores (F = 50.9, p < .000), the relationship of the family member to the patient (F = 2.9, p = .022), and the unexpected nature of the admission (F = 23.09, p < .000). These factors accounted for 33% of the variance of 'uncertainty in illness' scores. State anxiety levels were significantly affected by the degree of family social support (F = 10.0, p = .002) and uncertainty as previously mentioned. State anxiety reduced significantly following transfer for both groups and 'uncertainty in illness' reduced significantly for the intervention group (t = 2.21, p = .03).When controlled for pre-transfer levels, however, there was no significant reduction in the intervention group when compared with the control group.' Uncertainty in illness' for the intervention group reduced, however, whereas scores for the control group did not. The intervention group experienced significantly higher levels of satisfaction with transfer (Z = -2.43, p = .015) and felt significantly better prepared for transfer(Z = -3.26, p = .001) than did the control group. The vast majority of ICU nurses(90.6%) thought the intervention provided a useful framework for discussing the patient's condition with family members and 94% thought it should be introduced for all transfers from ICU. Conclusions: Uncertainty is significantly related to state anxiety in this sample. Previous research suggests that individual's coping ability is affected by both anxiety and' uncertainty in illness' which limit their adaptation to the new ward situation. This results in relationship disturbances and psychological distress (Mishel, 1981)at a time when patients rely on family support. The intervention reduced uncertainty and improved family members' satisfaction with the transfer process by improved communication between family members and ICU nurses. The intervention was fully endorsed and supported by ICU nurses who recommended its introduction for all future transfers.

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Jonsson, Stefan. "The mechanism of Formyl-Coenzyme A transferase, a Family III CoA transferase, from Oxalobacter formigenes." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007068.

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20

Nayan, Mohd Yunus. "A family of stereoscopic image compression algorithms using wavelet transforms." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36113.

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With the standardization of JPEG-2000, wavelet-based image and video compression technologies are gradually replacing the popular DCT-based methods. In parallel to this, recent developments in autostereoscopic display technology is now threatening to revolutionize the way in which consumers are used to enjoying the traditional 2-D display based electronic media such as television, computer and movies. However, due to the two-fold bandwidth/storage space requirement of stereoscopic imaging, an essential requirement of a stereo imaging system is efficient data compression. In this thesis, seven wavelet-based stereo image compression algorithms are proposed, to take advantage of the higher data compaction capability and better flexibility of wavelets.

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21

Galabova, Kalina K. 1976. "Architecting a family of space tugs based on orbital transfer mission scenarios." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17769.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215).
The consequences of satellite misplacement or collision with space debris reach far beyond the realm of money. The vast number of people affected by the loss of just one spacecraft indicates the vulnerability of our society to spacecraft failure. Thus, one of the biggest problems that satellite makers face today is the lack of a margin of error of any type. This thesis analyzes the business case for employing a special type of on-orbit servicer referred to as a space tug as an alternative to redundancy and replacement option. The main objective of a space tug is to prevent satellites from prematurely ending their missions. It was found to be more realistic to design a tug (or tugs) that service groups of satellites with similar orbital and physical characteristics, rather than to design a "monster" vehicle expected to traverse the huge distances between LEO and GEO and deal with satellites of all types and sizes. Thus, the approach of this work was based on the exploration of the entire satellite population currently in orbit around Earth and on the identification of potential target groups of satellites, along with mission scenarios for servicing each of these groups. Eight mission scenarios were identified as most necessary. Two of them-GEO communications satellite retirement and satellite rescue-were presented as case studies to illustrate the modeling approach suggested by this thesis. The ultimate objective of the research was to create a family of modular, economically feasible space tugs that used a common platform and shared various components, which would allow to provide relatively inexpensive and responsive on-demand tugging services. It was found that the optimal space tug for GEO retirement missions should be
(cont.) initially parked in the GEO belt and be controlled via supervision. This space tug should have a 300-kg low capability grappling mechanism and utilize storable bipropellant (Isp = 325 sec). The maximum number of satellites the tug could visit was calculated to be 20. The minimum fee for the service was estimated to be $20.48M, and the uncertainty of cost estimations should not exceed $7.5M for the nominal case. The optimal tug for satellite rescue missions was an ion electric spacecraft parked on Earth and controlled via supervision. It was not designed as reusable, and various types of grappling mechanisms or any number of fuel tanks could be attached to it, depending on mission requirements. Both architectures could use a common bus and share the same type of grappling devices.
by Kalina K. Galabova.
S.M.

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22

Lavie, Muriel. "Les effecteurs de type III de la famile AvrRxv/YopJ de Ralstonia solanacearum : étude fonctionnelle et contribution à la biodiversité de l'espèce." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30166.

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23

Paul, Daniel Earnest James. "Coat of Many Colors - Specificity of GalNAc Transferase Family of Isoenzymes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586253427484438.

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24

Attard, Céline. "La violence familiale aux limites des pratiques institutionnelles : les enjeux cliniques du traumatisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10160.

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Cette recherche émane d’une réflexion sur la pratique clinique et institutionnelle et a trois objets d’étude ; la maltraitance familiale, le traumatisme et l’institution. Elle questionne leur articulation au regard d’un vecteur commun : la violence. Elle se situe dans le contexte institutionnel d’évaluation des situations de maltraitance familiale et cherche à appréhender les discours et les pratiques des institutions confrontées à la mise en scène de la violence dont un tiers se trouve victime. L’hypothèse générale soutient l’existence d’un lien entre maltraitance familiale et violence institutionnelle. Le dispositif de recherche est envisagé à partir de la prise en charge développée par les institutions du système de la protection de l’enfance. L’analyse qualitative des données est réalisée à partir de la méthode des cas et de l’observation systématique des événements et des individus en situation (Pedinielli et Fernandez, 2007 ; Marty, 2009). Cette recherche met en discussion la problématique de la violence dans l’institution, envisagée dans sa relation avec l’emprise (Ferrant, 2006). Elle articule sa réflexion sur les effets désubjectivants de la prise en charge des familles marquées par la violence du lien (Houssier, 2002). Elle questionne la place de l’agir envisagé comme une manifestation du vécu traumatique et les risques qu’il comporte dans l’inscription d’un processus de répétition et de destruction de sens (Penot, 2001 ; Bokanowski, 2005). Elle répond à la mise en évidence d’un impact traumatique sur les institutions et articule sa réflexion autour de son influence sur la qualité de la prise en charge. Parallèlement, elle discute de la fonction d’exclusivité du dispositif de la protection de l’enfance dans les pratiques institutionnelles, au détriment de la culture du réseau
This research is based on a study on clinical and institutional practices and focuses on three points; domestic violence (family abuse), trauma, the institution; it is meant to analyse their common point: violence. It is part of the institutional context family abuse. It studies the discourse and practices of institutions confronted with violence. The general hypothesis supports the idea that there is a link between domestic violence and violence within the institution. There are two aspects in this research; one clear specific institution: “Centre Maternel” (Mother Care institution), responsible for the taking into charge of the family so to avoid a child placement procedure and institutions for the protection of children as part of a clinical process. The qualitative analysis of the data relies on the methodology of situations and systematical observation of events and individuals in situation. (Pedinielli, Fernandez, 2007; Marty, 2009). This research raises the questions of violence within the institution itself and its close relationship with the family situation (Ferrant, 2006). It links up with the effects of the de-subjectivation while taking in charge of the family (Houssier, 2006). It questions the place of action seen as a sign of the traumatic experience and the risks incurred in the process of repetition which leads to a gradual loss of significance (Penot, 2001; Bokanowski, 2005). It shows the obvious impact on institutions and its influence on the quality of the taking into charge of the institution. Broadly speaking, it raises the question of the child protection system, underlining its function of exclusivity as regards institutional to the detriment of the network

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鄭宏泰 and Hongtai Zheng. "The transfer of ownership and leadership: a study of Chinese family business and inheritance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245109.

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26

Gatta, A. "Characterisation of a newly identified family of lipid transfer proteins at membrane contact sites." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1517331/.

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Non-vesicular intracellular lipid traffic is mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), which contain domains with an internal cavity that can solubilise and transfer lipids. One of the most widespread LTP folds is the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Transfer (StART) domain, which forms a hydrophobic pocket, and appears in proteins with different localisations and lipid specificities. The aim of this study was to characterise a new StART-like domain family, which we identified by a bioinformatics approach. I studied aspects of the localisations, functions and structural properties of six StART-like proteins in S. cerevisiae. The yeast StART-like proteins were endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-integral membrane proteins with transmembrane domains, and they localised at membrane contact sites: Lam1p/Lam3p, and Lam2p/Lam4p at junctions between ER and plasma membrane (PM); Lam5p/Lam6p at junctions between the ER and the vacuolar membrane, at nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ) and at ER-mitochondria contacts. To study their functions, I purified the second StART-like domain of Lam4p, and I identified sterol as its lipid ligand from in vitro binding assays and in a spectroscopy approach with fluorescent ergosterol. We named the whole family LAM for Lipid transfer proteins Anchored at Membrane contact sites. The sterol binding property of the domains was related to a phenotype shared by LAM1, LAM2 and LAM3 delete strains, which showed an increased sensitivity to the sterol-sequestering polyene antifungal drug Amphotericin B (AmB). The two most sensitive strains (lam1∆ and lam3∆), displayed low sphingolipid levels, which is as yet unexplained. All AmB phenotypes were rescued by StART-like domains from the human LAMa, Lam2/4p and Lam5/6p, suggesting that these domains bind sterol. Simultaneous deletion of LAM1, LAM2, and LAM3 significantly reduced the extent of cortical ER-PM contacts, implying that they create the structure of the particularly punctate contact site they target. Finally, I started structural analysis of Lam4S2 to study the mechanism of sterol binding and to confirm our structural model.

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27

Wong, L. H. Y. "Analysis of the novel Lipid transfer protein Anchored at Membrane contact sites (LAM) family." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1560219/.

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Membrane contact sites are dynamic structures where two organelles come into close proximity to regulate and facilitate the flow of material and information between them. One type of inter-organelle communication is lipid exchange, which is essential for membrane maintenance and in response to environmental and cellular stimuli. We recently discovered a new family of Lipid transfer proteins Anchored at Membrane contact sites (LAMs) that is present in all eukaryotes. LAM proteins are integral Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) proteins containing at least one domain that is structurally similar to the StARkin domain superfamily, a specialised fold that can bind amphipathic ligands such as lipids. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has six such proteins: Lam1p-6p. Lam1p-4p are located at contacts between the ER and the plasma membrane (PM), and Lam1p-3p are implicated in retrograde sterol traffic between the ER and PM. The PM contains a high concentration of sterol where it increases rigidity by altering the packing characteristics of the phospholipids in the bilayer. Sterol is also important in the ER, where its levels are low but it is both synthesised and sensed. However, the mechanism by which sterol traffics between the ER and the PM is unknown. This investigation characterises the phenotype of yeast delete LAM strains on Amphotericin B, a sterol sequestering antifungal agent and shows that the conserved StARkin domain of LAM proteins is responsible for resistance against Amphotericin B. Aspergillus fumigatus, a filamentous fungus, has two LAM proteins and the removal of AfLamA causes a severe growth phenotype. Also, in vitro studies indicate that LAM StARkin domains have a clear sterol transfer activity and a mutation that can diminish the function in vivo and in vitro has been identified. These findings present a new candidate protein family for intracellular sterol trafficking.

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Jasni, A. "Investigation into the regulation and transfer of conjugative transposons of the Tn916-like family." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383520/.

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The Tn916-like family of conjugative transposons are broad host range mobile genetic elements and are clinically important as they are one of the major vectors responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens. This study was designed to investigate the behaviour of the conjugative transposons Tn916 and Tn5397, focusing on the transcriptional regulation and transfer. The proposed regulatory system of Tn916 involves transcriptional attenuation upstream of tet(M) and is regulated by tetracycline. The translation of orf12 is central to this regulatory mechanism as it is the translating ribosome upon orf12 RNA that is hypothesised to destroy, or prevent the formation of the transcriptional terminators. This hypothesis was tested using a Bacillus subtilis construct, with a 2 bp mutation disrupting the start codon of orf12. This construct is expected to result in the transcriptional terminators being permanently formed as the ribosome will no longer translate the orf12 and destroy them. Results indicate a lower transcription of tet(M) and downstream genes which was supported by the slower growth rate of the B. subtilis mutant compared to the wild type upon challenged with tetracycline. When tetracycline is present, a reduced fitness of this mutant was observed compared to the wild type. However, the transfer frequency of the B. subtilis mutant was similar to that of the wild type. The transcription of Tn916 and Tn5397 was investigated by quantifying the expression level using reporter assays, where the Ptet(M) promoter and the open reading frames upstream of tet(M) were cloned upstream of a ß-glucuronidase gene. In the presence of tetracycline, Tn916 wild type construct was upregulated whereas the Tn5397 wild type construct showed a constant expression level. Disruption of the start codon of orf12 (Tn916) and orf26 (Tn5397) has also led to a constant expression level of ß-glucuronidase. The termination efficiency of the Tn916 terminators was estimated using promoter assays and a published algorithm. Results suggest that the large terminator is more efficient [47% (± 18)] than the small terminator [23% (± 15)], which was supported by the algorithm analysis for Tn916. Finally, reciprocal gene transfer of Tn5397 between Clostridium difficile and Enterococcus faecalis was demonstrated. The transfer frequency [± standard deviation (SD)] detected was 8.85 x 10-8 (± 2.14 x 10-7) per recipient. Tn5397 integrates into the genome of E. faecalis at a single site that is within an orf encoding the phosphotransferase (PTS) IIA component. Comparative growth curves showed that the acquisition of Tn5397 has a very small effect on the growth of E. faecalis. This work has extended the current knowledge of the regulation and transfer of conjugative transposons of the Tn916-like family. It has provided a better understanding about the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of these elements.

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29

Moodley, Sashin. "The effect of contextual business attributes on the transfer of tacit knowledge in family firms." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59884.

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The research paper investigated contemporary issues in the knowledge transfer landscape within family businesses. The paper set out to determine the influence of contextual business factors on the transfer of tacit knowledge dimensions; namely idiosyncratic, subject-related and network-related tacit knowledge. A case study methodology was adopted due to the early stage nature of the study from a literary perspective. Three South African family businesses were investigated across multiple generations. It is argued that the stability of business operations influence the focus of family business management, resulting in learning environments that are naturally inclined toward specific tacit knowledge transfer environments. A model is proposed that highlights the propensity toward tacit knowledge dimensions based on the stability of the business environment. The findings show that within a stable business environment, management focus primarily lay on core business operations hence a subject-related and network-related tacit knowledge transfer environment is created. Alternately, in a turbulent business environment, management focus is centred on strategic management issues, resulting in an idiosyncratic tacit knowledge transfer environment, hence learning emphasis.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
sn2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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30

Rudnick, Wendy C. "Relationship of a structured information transfer process for family members of patients transferred from SICU to an in-patient unit on transfer anxiety." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0022/MQ51794.pdf.

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31

Kemen, Ariane Christiane. "RTP1p, eine neue Familie amyloid-ähnlicher Proteine." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-31486.

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32

Lüdemann, Gesa [Verfasser], and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Elstner. "Light-induced Charge Transfer in Proteins of the Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family / Gesa Lüdemann. Betreuer: M. Elstner." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075253667/34.

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33

Audam, Timothy Ndagi. "Characterization of SIP470, a Family 1 Lipid Transfer Protein and its Role in Plant Stress Signaling." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3103.

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SIP470, a putative tobacco lipid transfer protein, was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen to interact with SABP2. SABP2 is a critical role in SA-mediated signaling in tobacco and other plants. In vitro studies using purified recombinant SIP470 confirmed that it is a lipid binding protein. In an attempt to determine its role in mediating stress responses, Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion knockout lines lacking SIP470 homolog were used for the analysis. These mutant plants were defective in basal resistance against microbial pathogens. Expression of defense gene PR-1 was also delayed in these mutant plants. Interestingly, these mutant plants were not defective in inducing systemic acquired resistance. Besides biotic stress, these mutant plants also showed increased susceptibility to abiotic stresses. To directly study the role of SIP470 in tobacco plants, transgenic tobacco lines, with reduced levels of SIP470 expression, were generated using RNAi and transgenic lines overexpressing SIP470 were also generated.

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34

Hwang, William Liang. "The Mechanism and Regulation of Chromatin Remodeling by ISWI Family Enzymes." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10947.

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Eukaryotic genomes are packaged as chromatin, which restricts access to the DNA by critical processes such as DNA replication, repair, and transcription. As a result, eukaryotic cells rely on ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes (remodelers) to alter the position, structure, and composition of nucleosomes. Understanding the mechanism and regulation of remodeling requires detailed information about transient intermediates of the remodeling process--a challenge ideally suited for single-molecule approaches. In particular, we use single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to measure nanometer-scale distance changes between strategically placed donor and acceptor dyes to monitor nucleosome translocation in real-time. The mechanism(s) by which remodelers use the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to disrupt histone-DNA contacts and reposition nucleosomes are not well understood. Using smFRET, we show that remodeling by ISWI enzymes begins with a 7 base-pair (bp) step followed by subsequent 3 bp steps toward the exit-side of the nucleosome. These multi-bp steps are actually compound steps composed of 1 bp elementary steps. We discover that DNA movement on the entry side lags behind exit side translocation, which is contrary to previously proposed models. Based on our results, we propose a new integrated mechanism for nucleosome translocation by ISWI enzymes. In the physiological context, remodelers are highly regulated. We study the regulation of human ACF, a prototypical ISWI complex, by critical features of the nucleosomal substrate. First, we dissect how the nucleosome translocation cycle is affected by the linker DNA length and histone H4 tail. Next, we introduce mutations/deletions into conserved enzyme domains to determine the mechanism by which linker length information sensed by the Acfl accessory subunit is allosterically transmitted to the Snf2h catalytic subunit. Interestingly, we find that Acfl modulates the activity of Snf2h indirectly by interacting with the H4 tail in a linker-length dependent fashion. While the majority of our experiments focus on observing changes in nucleosome position, we also develop strategies for site-specific labeling of ISWI enzymes and demonstrate their use in the study of dynamic enzyme-substrate interactions and enzyme conformational changes.

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Chiswell, Hannah Marie. "Rising to the food security challenge : an investigation into family farm succession in the South West of England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16031.

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Driven by global population growth and anticipated increases in demand for food as well as a number of other goods and services, the issue of food security has recently (re-)emerged in both policy and academic contexts. Using a modified political economy perspective, this study recognises the role of the family farm as policy operatives in this context and considers the potential influence of intergenerational farm transfer on the delivery of food security objectives. It also explores how the food security agenda, described by some as the renaissance in agriculture, is influencing the farming community and in particular, the appeal of succeeding to the family farm. Broadly, it seeks to add to, and develop the body of knowledge relating to family farm succession, and explores the linkages between succession and the food security agenda. The study used 1941-1943 National Farm Survey data and maps as a tool to facilitate semi-structured interviews with farmers, and where applicable their potential successors, in Hatherleigh and surrounding parishes, Devon, UK. The study also highlights the absence of the potential successor from family farm research and subsequently resolves definitional issues surrounding the term by presenting a conceptual framework, including a definition of the potential successor. The findings indicate that family farming continues to be largely hereditary, and demonstrates how the occupancy of Hatherleigh and surrounding parishes has been shaped by traditions and expectations that socialised incumbent farmers into succeeding. Despite contemporary concern about the desirability of intergenerational farm transfer, participating farmers understood passing on the farm to a next generation as desirable. Many of whom framed their optimism in the context of the food security agenda and the anticipated opportunities for the industry. Drawing on in-depth interviews, this thesis questions the notion of the so called ‘succession crisis’, and identifies a number of positive adaptations and outcomes associated with successor identification which it discusses in the context of delivery of food security objectives. Two broad types of transfer of managerial control were identified and a typology is offered that suggests types of transfer are the product of potential successors’ ages and the subsequent nature of their upbringing. The thesis critically considers the types’ respective merits in the context of food security objectives and an original conceptualisation is offered as a contemporary way of understanding the types of transfer of managerial control in Hatherleigh and surrounding parishes. As well as influencing the transfer of managerial control, the study attributes significant differences in potential successors’ motivations according to the fundamental societal shift from a ‘society of duty’ to a ‘market place of opportunity’. Critically, the thesis revealed how, unlike their older counterparts, younger potential successors were motivated by the renaissance in agriculture, particularly elements such as the renewed public interest in, and respect for, farming as well as, opportunities farming for food security may offer. Overall, the thesis highlights the importance of considering the family farm and the influence of succession on the industry’s response to food security policy measures. It proposes that, at an aggregate level, ‘effective succession’, measured in terms of the identification of a successor and the timely and appropriate transfer of managerial control, are likely to be key factors in the delivery of food security objectives. It also recognises how succession and successor ‘creation’ are changing as society increasingly prioritises the individual and that the changing image of farming associated with the renaissance in agriculture is influencing younger potential successors. From these conclusions, suggestions are made for areas of further work, particularly with regard to understanding the implications of the different types of transfer of managerial control on long-term farm business performance, and some practical options for continuing to attract potential successors into the industry and facilitating effective intergenerational transfer are offered.

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Henry-Wittmann, Marie-Véronique. "Fécondité et transferts sociaux : une analyse théorique et empirique." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN20006.

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Cette étude vise à rechercher l'effet des mesures financières d'aide aux familles sur la fécondité. Une approche théorique, qui s'appuie sur un modèle microéconomique de maximisation de l'utilité sous contrainte, détermine dans un premier temps les conditions d'acceptation d'un enfant supplémentaire. La vérification empirique qui lui fait suite, réalisée à partir d'un échantillon de 733 ménages, met en œuvre deux méthodes différentes. La première teste un modèle économétrique estimant la probabilité d'avoir un enfant supplémentaire. La seconde consiste en une vérification "cas par cas" du rôle de l'avantage familial sur la fécondité, reposant sur l'hypothèse qu'il existe un revenu revenu-seuil) en dessous duquel les parents refusent l'enfant supplémentaire pour des raisons économiques. Les résultats montrent que les mesures d'aide aux familles exercent sur la fécondité un effet favorable mais limite, par ailleurs fortement corrélé au revenu et au nombre d'enfants du ménage
This study deals with the effect of family policy on fertility. A theoretical approach, based on a microeconomic model, first determines the necessary conditions for parents to accept an additional child. The empirical verification was realized from a sample including 733 households. It uses two methods: the first one tests an econometric model estimating the probability of having an additional child; the second one tries to assess, household by household, the influence of family benefits on fertility. In this method, an assumption is that there exists an income under which parents could refuse an additional child because of economic constraints. The results show that government benefits for families have a positive effect on fertility. This effect is nevertheless limited and highly correlated with the income and number of children

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Geddes, Alexander. "A study of H-transfer kinetics and catalytic protein dynamics in ene-reductase enzymes of the OYE family." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-htransfer-kinetics-and-catalytic-protein-dynamics-in-enereductase-enzymesof-the-oye-family(b9a8338b-7917-4197-9870-261d90228495).html.

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Dynamic structural fluctuations occurring over a broad range of timescales are now known to facilitate the catalytic function of enzymes, but there is less comprehensive experimental evidence linking fast-timescale, high frequency motions to the reaction coordinate. Interest in the role of such motions has recently surged and been the subject of intensive experimental efforts, in part due to the identification of enzymatic hydride tunnelling reactions. This mechanism involves transiently degenerate product and reactant states, which enable H-transfer to occur instantaneously without the need to surmount the activation barrier associated with traditional transition-state based models of enzyme catalysis. The primary gauge of tunnelling in enzyme-catalysed reactions is the identification of temperature dependent kinetic isotope effects (KIEs), i.e. the relative rates of a reaction where the transferred atom is substituted for an alternate isotope. The identification of temperature-, and also pressure-, dependent KIEs has resulted in the emergence of new models of describing enzymatic H-transfer. These invoke a role for fast-timescale protein motions that 'promote' transfer via tunnelling. A popular model system for studying enzymatic H-tunnelling reactions is Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase, which belongs to the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family of ene-reductases. These nicotinamide coenzyme dependent oxidoreductases catalyse the stereospecific reduction of alpha/β-unsaturated alkene containing substrates. Here, the importance of donor-acceptor distances in determining the observed rate of PETNR reduction with NAD(P)H is probed via a detailed structural and kinetic analysis of site-directed variants. In addition, an investigation of distance-dependent Nuclear Overhauser effects via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is undertaken to assess active site organisation and measure donor-acceptor distances in PETNR-substrate complexes. A variable pressure NMR study reveals how NOE build- up is perturbed in high-energy conformers favoured as a result of the application of increased hydrostatic pressures. Recently there has been interest in exploiting the stereoselective properties of reactions catalysed by ene-reductase enzymes for use in biocatalytic reactions to produce industrially valuable compounds from renewable sources. The reactions of PETNR and additional OYE enzymes, Thermophilic old yellow enzyme and Xenobiotic reductase A, with both natural coenzymes and a set of synthetic Nicotinamide Coenzyme Biomimetics (NCBs) are also characterised. The NCBs represent affordable and fast-reacting alternatives to the physiological coenzymes. Reactions with NCBS are also shown to proceed via a tunnelling mechanism and furthermore, that enhanced donor-acceptor sampling correlates with the faster reactivity seen with these compounds.

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Dahmane, Narimane. "Caractérisation des éléments intégratifs conjugatifs de la famille ICESt3 et des facteurs influençant leur mobilité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0269/document.

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Les éléments intégratifs conjugatifs (ICE) sont des éléments génétiques mobiles se transférant horizontalement d’une bactérie à une autre. Les ICE sont porteurs de gènes adaptatifs pouvant significativement améliorer le fitness de la bactérie hôte et permettre son adaptation à de nouvelles niches écologiques. Lors de ces travaux, des ICE apparentés à ICESt3 ont été retrouvés chez la bactérie commensale et pathogène opportuniste Streptococcus salivarius. Les analyses in silico réalisées ont démontré la diversité des ICE de cette famille, notamment au niveau de leurs modules de recombinaison, de régulation mais aussi de leurs gènes adaptatifs potentiellement mis à disposition de la communauté microbienne orale et digestive de l’Homme. La fonctionnalité de deux de ces ICE a été mise en évidence expérimentalement à travers l’évaluation de la capacité de ces éléments à se transférer intra- et inter-spécifiquement. Ces travaux ont également permis l’identification de facteurs d’hôte influençant la mobilité d’ICESt3, révélant ainsi l’importance, pour le transfert et l’acquisition de cet ICE, des molécules de surface telles que les lipoprotéines, les acides téichoïques et les exopolysaccharides. En conclusion, il a été démontré que les éléments de la famille ICESt3 participent à l’évolution du génome chez différentes espèces de streptocoques et aux échanges génétiques entre bactéries issues de l’alimentation et bactéries de la flore digestive humaine. Enfin, ces travaux ont contribué à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes et des facteurs d’hôte influençant la mobilité de ces éléments génétiques mobiles
Integrative Conjugative Elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that can be horizontally transferred from a bacterium to another, eventually regardless of the species or any other classification, allowing them to benefit from a broad host spectrum. ICEs can carry adaptive genes that can significantly improve the bacterial fitness and allow its adaptation to new ecological niches. In this work, ICEs related to ICESt3 were found in the commensal and opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus salivarius. In silico analysis highlighted the diversity of the ICESt3 family within this species, especially concerning their recombination and regulation modules, but also their adaptive genes likely available for the oral and digestive microbial community of the human host. The functionality of two ICEs found in S. salivarius was experimentally confirmed through their ability to transfer in intra- and interspecific manners. This work also allowed the identification of host factors affecting ICESt3 mobility, and revealed the importance, for the transfer and the acquisition of this ICE, of cell surface molecules such as lipoproteins, teichoic acids and exopolysaccharides. In conclusion, this thesis allowed expanding the knowledge regarding the mobile genetic elements of the ICESt3 family. This work demonstrated that these elements contribute to genome evolution of different streptococci species and gene exchanges between bacteria originated from food and the human gut flora. Finally, this study contributes to a better comprehension of the mechanisms and host factors influencing the mobility of these mobile genetic elements

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Saavedra, De Bast Manuel. "Systèmes Ta de la famille ccd, de simples gènes égoïstes?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210045.

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Les systèmes toxine-antitoxine (TA) sont très répandus au sein des génomes bactériens. Ces opérons bicistroniques de petite taille ont été découverts sur des plasmides à bas nombre de copies. Dans ce contexte génétique, les systèmes TA confèrent un avantage sélectif à leurs molécules-hôtes en tuant les bactéries-filles qui ne les ont pas héritées par le mécanisme de tuerie post-ségrégationnelle (PSK, post-segregational killing). Ces systèmes génétiques sont également appelés modules d’addiction étant donné qu’ils rendent la descendance des bactéries qui les contiennent dépendantes de leur présence. Alors que leur rôle dans les molécules d’ADN épisomiques est relativement bien établi, le sens biologique de la présence d’homologues à ces systèmes épisomiques au sein des chromosomes bactériens est sujet à d’intenses débats. L’idée que les systèmes TA chromosomiques confèrent un avantage sélectif a été mise en évidence dans plusieurs modèles. Selon ces modèles, les systèmes TA permettent aux bactéries de mieux faire face à des conditions environnementales stressantes.

Entre-temps, la compréhension de l’évolution des génomes bactériens a connu des avancées significatives. L’impressionnante capacité d’adaptation des bactéries est aujourd’hui majoritairement attribuée au transfert horizontal de gènes (THG) provoqué par les éléments génétiques mobiles (phages, plasmides, transposons…). Dans le débat du rôle des systèmes TA chromosomiques, très peu d’attention a été accordée aux relations phylogénétiques et interactions entre systèmes plasmidiques et chromosomiques co-existant au sein d’un même hôte ainsi qu’à l’impact du THG sur leur évolution. Notre travail de thèse vise à mieux comprendre la biologie des systèmes TA en tenant compte de ces paramètres. Nous nous sommes intéressés à des systèmes homologues au système plasmidique ccdF. Nous avons étudié expérimentalement les 4 systèmes ccd (ccd1, ccd2, ccd3 et ccd4) qui co-habitent au sein du chromosome d’Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 (une bactérie phytopathogène), leurs interactions intragénomiques et les interactions de ces systèmes avec le système plasmidique ccdF. Ce cadre expérimental a mené à la construction du modèle d’anti-addiction. Ce modèle propose que certains systèmes chromosomiques puissent conférer un avantage sélectif à leurs hôtes bactériens en interférant avec le PSK médié par leurs homologues plasmidiques. Cet avantage sélectif pourrait permettre la fixation de systèmes TA latéralement acquis au sein des populations bactériennes. Nous avons également recherché de nouveaux systèmes ccd au sein des génomes bactériens afin d’avoir un aperçu de leur distribution, des contextes génétiques dans lesquels ils existent et de l’implication du THG dans leur dispersion. Les réflexions qui ont accompagné notre recherche nous ont mené à proposer une synthèse sur le rôle des systèmes TA (plasmidiques et chromosomiques). Celle-ci se nourrit des avancées qui ont été effectuées, ces dernières années, dans la compréhension de l’évolution des génomes bactériens, de la théorie hiérarchique de la sélection naturelle et des processus non-adaptatifs et contingents qui pourraient expliquer la présence et la propagation des systèmes TA au sein des génomes bactériens sans que ceux-ci en soient les agents causaux.

Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Wolven, Amy K. "The role of the acylated amino terminus of FYN in mediating membrane binding /." Access full-text from WCMC, 1998. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=733098911&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Pluta, Radoslaw 1984. "Structural basis of conjugative DNA transfer mediated by MobM, a prototype of the major relaxase family of Staphylococcus aureus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/346933.

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MobM relaxase from the promiscuous antibiotic resistance plasmid pMV158 is a prototype of the Mob_Pre/MOBV family of relaxases, the major family of relaxases found in Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcal infections cause the highest number of lethal cases among antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Relaxases initiate the conjugative DNA transfer, a major route for the antibiotic resistance acquisition in bacteria, by nicking their substrate DNA through formation of a covalent DNA-relaxase adduct and terminate the transfer in the recipient cells by rejoining ends of the linearized plasmid. MobM forms a DNA-histidine adduct, unique to MOBV relaxases, instead of a DNA-tyrosine adduct, thus representing a distinct category of relaxases with specialization towards the transfer of short mobile genetic elements in Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. MobM overall fold resembles the fold of other structurally characterized relaxases, although some important structural differences are present. Molecular basis for the MobM processing of plasmid origin of transfer and active site mechanism are described herein.
La relaxasa MobM del promiscuo plásmido de resistencia a antibióticos pMV158 es un prototipo de la familia Mob_Pre/MOBV de relaxasas, la mayor familia de relaxasas se encuentran en Staphylococcu aureus. Las infecciones por estafilococos causan el mayor número de casos mortales entre las infecciones bacterianas resistentes a los antibióticos. Relaxases iniciar la transferencia conjugativa de ADN, una ruta el más frecuente para la adquisición de resistencia a antibióticos por bacterias, por mellar su ADN sustrato mediante la formación de un aducto covalente de ADN-relaxasa y terminan la transferencia en las células receptoras por reincorporarse extremos del plásmido linealizado. MobM forma un aducto de ADN-histidina, único para MOBV relaxases, en lugar de un aducto de ADN-tirosina, lo que representa una categoría distinta de relaxases con especialización hacia la transferencia de elementos genéticos móviles cortos en bacterias patógenas Gram-positivas. MobM estructura general se asemeja a la de otras veces relaxases caracterizan estructuralmente, aunque algunas diferencias estructurales importantes están presentes. Base molecular para el procesamiento de origen del plásmido por MobM y mecanismo de sitio activo se describe en esta thesis.

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Šlapáková, Hana. "Optimalizace zdanění při převodu firmy mezi rodinnými příslušníky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192694.

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The diploma thesis is focused on generational change in the family business and apprises of the development, status and advantage of running a family business in the Czech Republic and worldwide. Furthermore, the diploma thesis focuses on sociological and tax obstacles in connection with the process of business transformation. It examines the impact of direct taxes on possible options of transferring the business which is carried on under a trade license. The main options are as follows: the transfer to limited liability company, the transfer to trust, the transfer to sell or giving the business free of charge. The theoretical findings are applied to the particular case concerning the transfer of the family business from father to his son.

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Schwab, Hallie E. "Social and Emotional Dimensions of Succession Planning for Family Forest Owners in the Northeastern United States." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/760.

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Keeping forestland intact has emerged as a critical policy objective at state and federal levels. This target has been supported by substantial public investment. The collective impact from the bequest decisions of millions of landowning individuals and families has the potential to affect the extent and functionality of future forests in the United States. Despite a growing body of research devoted to studying these transitions in forest ownership, much remains unknown about how family forest owners make decisions in this arena. The social and emotional dimensions of woodland succession planning have been particularly under-examined. This thesis explores the process of planning for the future use and ownership of woodlands through in-depth analysis of 32 semi-structured interviews with family forest owners in Massachusetts, Maine, New York, and Vermont. The first article investigates how family forest owners evaluate and integrate stories derived from their social networks when planning for the future of their woodlands. Analysis of the themes contained in stories framed as “cautionary tales” revealed common fears surrounding succession planning. The second article explores the complexity of emotional relationships with family forests showing how emotional geographies manifest in the succession planning process. Together, these studies deepen understanding of how family forest owners plan for the future of private woodlands and offer implications for Extension and outreach.

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Golding, Michael Cameron. "Expression of the bovine DNA (cytosine 5) methyltransferase family during preimplantation development and aberrations induced by somatic cell nuclear transfer." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1308.

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Bovine preimplantation embryos derived from nuclear transfer experiments exhibit a global state of genomic hypermethylation that likely account for the large number of developmental abnormalities observed to date. The central hypotheses of this work is that the genomic hypermethylation and improper epigenetic reprogramming reported in studies of bovine nuclear transfer, are in large part due to abnormal expression and regulation of the DNA methyltransferase proteins. Bovine Dnmt mRNAs display strong sequence homology to those of human and mouse and similar to other species, exist as multiple isoforms. Two of these splice variants, which have been termed Dnmt2γ and Dnmt3a4 represent previously unreported sequence combinations. Investigation of bovine DNA methyltransferase expression in the bovine oocyte and early preimplantation development has revealed an intricate system divergent from observations previously reported in the mouse. Specifically, the somatic version of Dnmt1 along with Dnmt2, 3a and 3b are all expressed during these initial stages of bovine development. Further, real time analyses of the Dnmt transcripts in cloned and in vitro produced embryos reveal significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of Dnmt1 and 2 but not Dnmt3a and 3b suggesting that the de novo methyltransferases may be functioning normally while Dnmt1 and Dnmt2 are aberrantly methylating the genome during a critical time when methylation levels should be receding. Real time PCR analysis of the Dnmt transcripts in fetal and adult tissues has revealed a developmental and tissue specific expression pattern suggesting that proper expression and function of these enzymes is a key element in the process of differentiation. These results are further supported by studies of Dnmt expression in aging bovine fibroblast cultures, which suggest that the Dnmts may play some as yet unidentified role in cellular senescence. Recently, it has been postulated that the cause of abnormal methylation observed in cloned embryos may be due in part to misexpression of the Dnmt1o isoform during preimplantation development. Work presented here raises new and significant hypotheses that must be considered both regarding the cadre of DNA methyltranferases that direct epigenetic programming during normal development and regarding the implication of abnormal DNMT expression in cloned embryos. Bovine preimplantation embryos derived from nuclear transfer experiments exhibit a global state of genomic hypermethylation that likely account for the large number of developmental abnormalities observed to date. The central hypotheses of this work is that the genomic hypermethylation and improper epigenetic reprogramming reported in studies of bovine nuclear transfer, are in large part due to abnormal expression and regulation of the DNA methyltransferase proteins. Bovine Dnmt mRNAs display strong sequence homology to those of human and mouse and similar to other species, exist as multiple isoforms. Two of these splice variants, which have been termed Dnmt2γ and Dnmt3a4 represent previously unreported sequence combinations. Investigation of bovine DNA methyltransferase expression in the bovine oocyte and early preimplantation development has revealed an intricate system divergent from observations previously reported in the mouse. Specifically, the somatic version of Dnmt1 along with Dnmt2, 3a and 3b are all expressed during these initial stages of bovine development. Further, real time analyses of the Dnmt transcripts in cloned and in vitro produced embryos reveal significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of Dnmt1 and 2 but not Dnmt3a and 3b suggesting that the de novo methyltransferases may be functioning normally while Dnmt1 and Dnmt2 are aberrantly methylating the genome during a critical time when methylation levels should be receding. Real time PCR analysis of the Dnmt transcripts in fetal and adult tissues has revealed a developmental and tissue specific expression pattern suggesting that proper expression and function of these enzymes is a key element in the process of differentiation. These results are further supported by studies of Dnmt expression in aging bovine fibroblast cultures, which suggest that the Dnmts may play some as yet unidentified role in cellular senescence. Recently, it has been postulated that the cause of abnormal methylation observed in cloned embryos may be due in part to misexpression of the Dnmt1o isoform during preimplantation development. Work presented here raises new and significant hypotheses that must be considered both regarding the cadre of DNA methyltranferases that direct epigenetic programming during normal development and regarding the implication of abnormal DNMT expression in cloned embryos.

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Sauguet, Ludovic. "Les cyclodipeptides synthases, une nouvelle famille d'enzymes formant des liaisons peptidiques : mise en évidence de la famille, bases moléculaires de leur fonction, caractérisation structurale de l'AlbC, un membre de la famille." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112279.

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Chevreau, Flora. "Articulation famille naturelle - famille d'accueil au sujet de trois cas d'enfants placés." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11116.

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Brazard, Johanna. "Photoactivation femtoseconde de deux nouvelles protéines de la famille des cryptochrome/photolyase, issues de l'algue verte Ostreococcus tauri : photocycle ultrarapide et état signalant de la photophobie du protozoaire Blepharisma japonicum." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03184590.

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L’étude de la photoactivité de deux nouvelles flavoprotéines (OtPCF1 et OtCPF2) de l’algue verte Ostreococcus tauri, appartenant à la famille des cryptochromes et photolyases (CPF), a mis en évidence un transfert d’électron ultrarapide (OtCPF1 : 390 fs ; OtCPF2 : 590 fs) après excitation du chromophore flavine adénine dinucléotide (FAD) oxydée. Nous avons caractérisé un tryptophane comme donneur d’électron. Nous expliquons les étapes ultérieures par des transferts d’électron le long d’une chaîne de trois tryptophanes. Nous avons aussi analysé le transfert d’énergie au sein de OtCPF2. Des analyses par modélisation par homologie nous ont permis de rationaliser les résultats de spectroscopie transitoire ultrarapide. Le photocycle ultrarapide de OBIP - photorécepteur supposé du protozoaire cilié Blepharisma japonicum - a été expliqué par un modèle original impliquant un équilibre entre un état localement excité du chromophore (Oxyblépharismine) en interaction par liaison hydrogène avec un résidu proche et un état à transfert de charge intermoléculaire. Nous avons proposé que l’état signalant de la photophobie serait la forme déprotonée du chromophore.

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Hui, Daniel Jason. "The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis Inhibition by the P56 Family of Viral Stress Inducible Proteins." Connect to text online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1104848977.

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49

Krondorfer, Rudolf H. "On Packaging of MEMS. Simulation of Transfer Moulding and Packaging Stress and their Effect on a Family of piezo-resistive Pressure Sensors." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Design and Materials, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-177.

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Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) produced to date include IR detectors, accelerometers, pressure sensors, micro lenses, actuators, chemical sensors, gear drives, RF devices, optical processor chips, micro robots and devices for biomedical analysis. The track for tomorrow has already been set and products like 3D TV, physician on a chip, lab on a chip, micro aircraft and food safety sensors will be developed when the technology matures and the market is ready.

Todays MEMS fabrication is typically based around a silicon substrate and borrow batch fabrication processes from the IC industry. Many of the developed MEMS products have never left a laboratory environment because they are fragile in the macro environment. The way to deal with this is to provide proper packaging so that they can be handled. This poses one of the major challenges in the MEMS industry. Not many packaging techniques have been commercially developed for MEMS and companies that have overcome the packaging problems very seldom reveal their packaging techniques. Functional problems that could be associated with a MEMS structure are often amplified by the package. The reason for this is often associated with packaging stress. Packaging stress related problems is what has kept many promising products from emerging on the market. Even the commercially available pressure sensors and accelerometers have packaging stress problems, but most of them have been overcome. A first step towards solving these challenges is to localise, quantify and understand the critical packaging stresses that act in a packaged MEMS device.

The goal of this work was to understand how packaging stresses act in a plastic moulded MEMS chip. The work has been threefold; simulation of transfer moulding, static stress analysis of the plastic capsule after moulding and modelling of the piezo-resistive behaviour of a MEMS pressure sensor.

This dissertation is divided into 9 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the concept of level-0 and level-1 packaging and looks at different techniques of obtaining the different packaging levels. It introduces the Small Outline Package (SOP) which is the package that has been simulated in this dissertation.

Chapter 2 gives the background in the theory that has been used to complete this work. It starts by discussing the chemistry and mechanics of thermosetting polymers. Then the rheological behaviour of Epoxy Moulding Compounds (EMC) in a transfer moulding process is discussed.

The experimental results from the thermomechanical material characterisation of the EMC are presented in Chapter 3. The material was found to have a Tg of 130^oC and coefficient of linear expansion of /oC and /oC below and above Tg respectively. It was further found that the material showed linear viscoelastic behaviour. Stress relaxation tests were run to obtain the relaxation coefficients needed for accurate modelling. The material was found to behave in a thermo rheologically simple manner and the WLF shift function was used to describe the time-temperature superposition principle.

Chapter 4 addresses the applicability of the plastic processing simulation code, C-Mold, for simulations of MEMS packaging in a SOP. It was found that the 2.5D simulation technique used by the software was inadequate for simulating the polymer filling of the SOP in question. This conclusion was drawn because 3D flow effect were observed in the moulding cavities. The cause for the 3D flow effect was the height of the SOP which was relatively large in order to accommodate for the MEMS device. However, the software proved to be very useful for balancing the runner system.

Chapter 5 starts with the development of a novel method for calculating the accurate piezoresistance for implanted silicon piezo-resistors. The method let each finite element in a piezoresistor region represent one resistor in a resistor network. The total resistance was then found by simple resistor summation. This method was then utilized on a silicon diaphragm pressure sensor, which had four piezo-resistors implanted into the top surface. The resistors on the diaphragm formed a Wheatstone bridge and the change in piezo-resistance, as a result of applied pressure and hence change in the stress field, was transformed into an electrical signal by proper post processing. The model was built from the design specifications of a commercially manufactured die. The results were compared to the production measurements and matched the data within one standard deviation. It was found that the level-0 package had an effect on the output signal. This work is believed to be the first to report an estimation of the distortion effect that a level-0 package has on a sensor signal with temperature.

Chapter 6 presents the model of the complete MEMS pressure sensor component encapsulated by EMC in a SOP. The EMC was treated as being elastic and temperature dependent. The method that was developed and calibrated in Chapter 5 was used as an indirect measure of the accuracy of the FEM model. It was evident that the package had a profound effect on the sensor signal. This was consistent with the actual measured data. The match of the signal data was not satisfactory. The signal values for two of the four service temperatures lay outside 3 standard deviations of the experimentally measured results. The estimated sensitivity of the die also fell outside 3 standard deviations for three of the four service temperatures.

A special vector plot was developed to understand how the pressure, or packaging stress, from the EMC effected the signal and sensitivity of the sensor die. The numerical simulations were done assuming a stress free temperature of 175^oC, the moulding temperature. The packaging stress was found to increase with decreasing temperature. This was the effect of the subsequent increase in ΔT as the service temperature decreased.

The signal at zero pressure was found to shift as a function of temperature. This was caused by the packaging stress and a corresponding stress-field-shift on the diaphragm. The origin for this shift was an uneven packaging stress between the front and the back side of the sensor die. At -7^oC, the pressure on the front and the back was 30 and 20MPa respectively. This caused an uneven bending moment on the membrane long sides and resulted in a shift in the stress field.

Chapter 7 elaborated the model one step further by treating the EMC as a viscoelastic material. The result of using the viscoelastic material model showed a reduction in the packaging stress due to stress relaxation. Viscoelastic materials are temperature and strain-history dependent. It was therefore necessary to run the model through the same processes posed by the manufacturing of the MEMS and SOPs. These included a set of thermocycles between -40^oC and 125^oC before the signals as a function of temperature and pressure were taken. The thermocycles were found to have a positive effect on signal shifting. Less signal distortion was seen with more cycles. The estimated and measured signal- vs. temperature-values matched within two standard deviations. The estimated sensitivities did not match the experimental measurements any better than those obtained for the elastic case. It was also found that sensitivity was nearly independent on packaging stress, but significantly dependent on pressure loading conditions.

The use of the viscoelastic model gave an improvement in simulated signal accuracy over the elastic model. It became clear that the EMC had to be treated as a viscoelastic material.

Chapter 8 concerned the change in material properties of the EMC and the impact this had on the FEM results. It was found that the behaviour of the MEMS pressure sensor was greatly affected by such changes.

Chapter 9 present the concluding remarks of this study.

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Garcia, Orduña Maria Pilar. "Etude des complexes à transfert de charge à transition neutre-ionique de la famille de TTF-CA : Interactions inter- et intramoléculaires et transfert de charge." Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10008.

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Abstract:

Les cristaux organiques de la famille de TTF-CA sont formés par l’alternance de molécules aromatiques planes, donneuses (D) et acceptrices (A) d’électrons le long d’une chaîne. Sous des contraintes externes (température, pression, lumière) certains de ces complexes subissent des transitions de phases cristallographiques avec une variation du transfert de charge (qTC) entre D et A : transition neutre-ionique. Elle s’accompagne usuellement d’une brisure de symétrie : une dimérisation. Les complexes à transfert de charge (TC) font l’objet d’un intérêt immense, dû aux diverses aspects structuraux, électroniques, optiques ou ferroélectriques de cette transition. Notre étude porte sur trois complexes à TC : le prototype (TTF-CA), ainsi que deux complexes à empilement cristallin pas classique (TTF-BA et TTF2-BA). La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la caractérisation cristallographique de ces trois complexes en fonction de la température. Une étude comparative de leur géométrie moléculaire et leurs interactions intermoléculaires est menée. Les transitions de phases structurales en température de TTF-CA et TTF-BA sont caractérisées. Nous discutons la relation entre dimérisation et variation de qTC. Nous présentons dans la deuxième partie une analyse de la densité électronique expérimentale et théorique (calculs DFT) dans les deux phases cristallines de TTF-CA. Les interactions intra- et intermoléculaires sont caractérisées via l’analyse topologique des densités électroniques. Cette technique permet aussi la détermination de qTC dans les deux phases. Les résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus par d’autres méthodes expérimentales
Organic crystals of TTF-CA family are formed by stacking planar aromatic donor (D) and acceptor (A) molecules. Under pressure, photoirradiation or temperature variations, some of these complexes undergo a phase transition with the variation of the charge transfer (qTC) between D and A: the neutral to ionic phase transition. This transition is usually accompanied by a symmetry breaking: a dimerization of the organic stacks. The charge transfer (CT) complexes are extensively investigated due to the different structural, electronic, optic and ferroelectric properties related to this phase transition. This study concerns three CT complexes: the prototype (TTF-CA) and two complexes with non classical packing (TTF-BA and TTF2-BA). First of all, we report the crystallographic study of these three complexes. A comparative study of their molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions is presented. Temperature-induced structural phase transitions of TTF-CA and TTF-BA complexes are characterized. We discuss the relation between dimérisation and qTC variation. The second part is devoted to an analysis of the experimental and theoretical (DFT) charge density of the two phases of TTF-CA. Intra- and intermolecular interactions are characterized via the topological analysis of the charge density. This technique allows the determination of qTC. Results are compared to those obtained by other experimental techniques

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