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Bekink, Mildred. ""Child Divorce": A Break from Parental Responsibilities and Rights Due to the Traditional Socio-Cultural Practices and Beliefs of the Parents." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i1a2461.
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In a recent ground-breaking case the South African courts were for the first time requested to use their discretion to interfere in the parent-child relationship due to the traditional socio-cultural beliefs of the parents. In what has been described as "every parent's nightmare; the fancy of many teenagers", a 16 year-old schoolgirl from Milerton in the Western Cape asked to be "freed" from her parents to live semi-independently from them because of her unhappiness with the conservative manner in which her parents treated her. After considering the matter the judge assigned to the case granted her request to live semi-independently with a school friend and her family (called by the judge the host family) until she reaches the age of 18 (her majority). Her parents were accorded permission to have limited contact with her. This case represents an example of the difficulties involved when balancing the rights of a teenager against those of the parents in matters of socio-cultural practice and belief. In a multi-cultural society such as South Africa the case raises numerous serious questions for other families. For instance, what standards will a court use to determine if parents are too conservative in bringing up their children and what factors will be taken into account? How much freedom and autonomy should children be given? How will courts prevent children from misusing the system just to get what their friends have, and - the ultimate question - are the rights of children superior to the traditional rights of parents in matters of socio-cultural practice, with specific reference to their upbringing? In this context it is the aim of this contribution to focus primarily on the questions asked above. Possible solutions for striking a balance between the rights of children and their parents are explored. The submission is made that the best interests principle is still the most important factor to be taken into account when balancing or weighing competing rights and interests concerning children. The principle of the best interests of the child, the founding principle of children's rights, however, is anchored in the family, and any break between the two should be carefully considered. It is concluded that in an attempt to resolve disputes between parents and their children the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the Children's Act must be considered and must be balanced and tested in relation to each other for constitutional consistency and compliance. It is also submitted that caution should be taken by the legislative framework not to encourage children to break the parent-child relationship on a mere whim, as an overemphasis of children's rights might result in the dilution of the sense of the value of the family in society.
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SINHA, NITIN. "Who Is (Not) a Servant, Anyway? Domestic servants and service in early colonial India*." Modern Asian Studies 55, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 152–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x19000271.
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AbstractThe article deals with one of the under-researched themes of Indian history, which is the history of domestic servants. Thinking about servants raises two fundamental questions: who were they and what did domestic service mean? The identities of a servant as a contract wage earner or a person either belonging as a member or tied to the family through fictive/constructed claims of kinship were not mutually exclusive. Servants' identity existed in a continuum running from ‘free’ waged coolie on the one hand to ‘unfree’ slave on the other. The article traces the history of domestic servants along two axes: the slave–servant continuum, but, more importantly, the coolie–servant conundrum, which is a lesser-explored field in South Asian labour history or burgeoning scholarship on domesticity and household. Charting through the dense history of terminologies, the space of the city, and legal frameworks adopted by the Company state to regulate servants, it also underscores the difficulties of researching on a subaltern group that is so ubiquitous yet so fragmented in the archives. In order to reconstruct servants' pasts, we need to shake up our own fields of history writing—urban, labour, gender, and social—to discover servants’ traces wherever they are found. From serving as witnesses in courtrooms to becoming the subject of a city's foundational anecdote, their presence was spread across straw huts, streets, and maidans. Their work, defined through ‘private hire’, was the product of a historical process in which a series of regulations helped to intimatize the master-servant relationship.
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Patterson, Charlotte J., Doyle P. Tate, Jason Sumontha, and Ruoyun Xu. "Sleep difficulties among sexual minority adults: Associations with family relationship problems." Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 5, no. 1 (March 2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000264.
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Badawy, Philip J., and Scott Schieman. "When Family Calls: How Gender, Money, and Care Shape the Relationship between Family Contact and Family-to-Work Conflict." Journal of Family Issues 41, no. 8 (November 20, 2019): 1188–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19888769.
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The fluid boundaries between work and family life and the dynamic ways these domains are shaped by communication technology represent an important area in work-family research. However, surprisingly little is known about how family contact at work affects functioning in the work role—especially how these dynamics may change and unfold over time. Drawing on longitudinal data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Health Study (2011–2017), the present study examines the association between family contact and family-to-work conflict. We find that increases in family contact over time are positively associated with more family-to-work conflict, but gender and three salient family-related conditions—financial strain, providing care for family members, and difficulties with children—are key moderators of this focal relationship. We discover that the focal association is significantly stronger for women and for those with elevated levels of financial strain, caregiving responsibilities, and difficulties with children over time. We discuss these results by integrating border theory with stress amplification and the cost of caring.
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Martinson, Vjollca K., Thomas B. Holman, Jeffry H. Larson, and Jeffrey B. Jackson. "The Relationship Between Coming to Terms With Family-of-Origin Difficulties and Adult Relationship Satisfaction." American Journal of Family Therapy 38, no. 3 (April 30, 2010): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926180902961696.
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Taormina, Isabella, Tess Kennedy, Kristina K. Hardy, and Steven J. Hardy. "Adoption of a Multidimensional Approach to Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Neurocognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3589.3589.
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Abstract Introduction: Broad neurocognitive deficits have been documented in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), even in the absence of stroke. These deficits pose significant consequences, as lower cognitive abilities are associated with lower academic achievement. However, there has been limited research examining the relationship between neurocognitive functioning and socioeconomic status (SES) in youth with SCD. Given that children with SCD experience socioeconomic disadvantage at relatively high rates, SES has been posited as one explanation for the high prevalence of neurocognitive issues in SCD; particularly in the case of patients without stroke or those with less severe phenotypes. In order to better understand the role of SES, we sought to evaluate the effects of multiple distinct measures of SES on neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric SCD. Methods: Fifty-nine children with SCD ages 7-16 (M = 10.44, SD = 2.87; 42% male) enrolled in a larger study of the feasibility and efficacy of a computerized cognitive training program. Primary caregivers reported demographic information, including the child's age, gender, and ethnicity, and rated their child's executive functioning difficulties on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Scores on the BRIEF are represented as T scores, where higher scores reflect more problems. Caregivers also reported on multiple measures of SES, including the participant's health insurance type, whether the participant received free-or-reduced lunch at school, and rated the adequacy of household resources (Family Resource Scale; FRS) and their perceived community and national social status (The MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status). Children and adolescents completed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V). Results: Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between SES measures and performance-based and caregiver-reported neurocognitive and behavioral functioning. Controlling for age and gender, having public health insurance significantly predicted lower Full Scale IQs on the WISC-V (R2 = .158, b = -8.609, p = .021), as well as greater impairments on the BRIEF Working Memory (R2 = .219, b = -9.556, p = .014), Organization of Materials (R2 = .166, b = -7.498, p = .011), and Monitor (R2 = .137, b = -6.872, p = .038) subscales. Whereas, having private health insurance significantly predicted higher Full Scale IQs (R2 = .187, b = 10.376, p = 0.007) and fewer problems on the BRIEF Working Memory (R2 = .101, b = 7.868, p = .046), Organization of Materials (R2 = 0.209, b = 9.103, p = .003), and Monitor (R2 = .163, b = 8.231, p = .018) subscales. Additionally, receiving free-or-reduced lunch significantly predicted lower scores on a WISC-V task measuring processing speed (R2 = .316, b = -1.976, p = .006) and a composite indicator of processing speed (R2 = .226, b = -9.849, p = .011). In contrast to hypotheses, higher perceived social status within families' communities on the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status was predictive of lower Full Scale IQs (R2 = .089, b = 1.646, p = .049) and higher perceived social status using the United States as a reference predicted greater impairments on the Plan/Organize (R2 = .169, b = 2.287 p = .011) and Initiate subscales of the BRIEF (R2 = .134, b = 1.839, p = .024). Conclusions: It is feasible to measure SES in multiple ways in clinical trials. In our study, SES significantly predicted performance-based and parent-reported neurocognitive functioning; however, each measure of SES appeared to account for a unique component of SES and demonstrated unique associations with neurocognitive outcomes. Public insurance was a significant predictor of more caregiver-rated problems with children's working memory, organizational skills, and executive functioning. Children who qualified for free-or reduced lunch also scored significantly lower on processing speed tasks. Findings support the hypothesis that SES plays an important role in determining neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes and highlights the value of conceptualizing and assessing SES as a multidimensional construct. Researchers and clinicians should routinely assess SES using various measures to enhance detection of neurocognitive difficulties and assist in crafting tailored interventions to mitigate negative consequences of low SES in children with SCD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Gowers, Simon G., and Clive North. "Difficulties in family functioning and adolescent anorexia nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 1 (January 1999): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.1.63.
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BackgroundDifficulties in family functioning are often evident when an adolescent has anorexia nervosa, and the possible causative or contributory role of such difficulties in the illness is unclear.AimsTo elucidate the relationship between severity of anorexia nervosa and difficulties in family functioning and whether clinical improvement results in diminution of self-rated family difficulties.MethodThirty-five adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their mothers completed the Family Assessment Device (FAD) while clinicians administered the McMaster's Structured Interview of Family Functioning (McSIFF). Severity of anorexia nervosa was rated at baseline and at one year follow-up using the Morgan–Russell Schedule.ResultsClinicians and patients were more critical of the families' functioning than parents. There was an inverse association between the extent of family difficulties and severity of anorexia nervosa. Over time subjects improved clinically but this was not matched by improvement in family functioning.ConclusionsDifficulties in family functioning do not appear to be directly associated with severity of anorexia nervosa nor do these difficulties reduce with clinical improvement, in the short term.
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Badr, Khadeja M. "The Relationship between Parental Treatment Styles and Early Discovery of Learning Difficulties among Pre-school Children." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol9iss3pp591-606.
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This study aimed to explore the relationship between the parenting style and discovery of learning disabilities in early childhood education. The study used a sample of Egyptian parents to investigate the parenting style followed in the family. Also, the study investigated the family awareness and interest in the discovery and treatment of learning difficulties. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between parenting style and discovery of child’s learning difficulties in the early stages. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between positive parenting styles and discovering of learning difficulties. However, there was a negative relationship between negative parenting styles and discovery of learning difficulties in early childhood. The study recommended the need to provide appropriate training and guidance programs of positive parenting and avoid the negative methods of raising children.
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Kounenou, Kalliope. "The relationship between technical high school students’ career decision making ability and family." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 18, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23726.
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The present paper focused on the exploration of the relationship between family variables (family cohesion & adaptability), parental authority style and technical high school students’ career decision making ability. The sample of the study consisted of 150 students (males & females) enrolled in electro logical & graphical courses of two public technological high schools. FACES III was used for the measurement of family variables, Parental Authority Questionnaire- PAQ was used for the measurement of parental authority style, and Career Decision Making Scale was used for the assessment of students’ career decision making difficulties. The results showed that authoritarian style positively correlated with family obstacles and total score in decision making difficulties. Authoritative style was negatively related to family obstacles and positively to lack of clear career interests; permissive style was negatively related to family obstacles. Results also revealed gender differences in career decision making ability, while descriptive characteristics of family variables did not permit any further examination. Implications for practice and limitations of present research are discussed.
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Bekkhus, Mona, Sally Staton, Anne I. H. Borge, and Karen Thorpe. "Do Twins Differ From Single-Born Children on Rates of Behavioral Difficulty in Early Childhood? A Study of Sibling Relationship Risk Factors." Twin Research and Human Genetics 17, no. 4 (July 18, 2014): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2014.39.
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The hypothesis that twinning raises risk for behavioral difficulties in childhood is persistent, yet there is limited and inconsistent empirical evidence. Simple mean comparison without control for confounders provides data on prevalence rates but cannot provide knowledge about risk or etiology. To assess the effect of twin relationship on behavior, comparison of patterns of association with single-born siblings may be informative. Analyses of data from an Australian sample of twins and single-born children (N = 305, mean age 4 years 9 months, and a follow-up 12 months later) were undertaken. The outcome measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Predictor and control measures were obtained from parent report on the sibling/co-twin relationship behavior, family demographics, and obstetric history. We assessed difference between twins and single-born children in two respects: (a) mean behavioral difficulties, and (b) patterns of association between sibling relationship and behavioral difficulties, controlling for confounders. Results showed no differences in mean levels of behavioral difficulties between twins and single-born siblings identifying the importance of statistical control for family and obstetric adversity. Differences in patterns of association were found; for twin children, conflict in their co-twin relationship predicted externalizing behaviors, while for single-born children conflict predicted internalizing behaviors. The findings of mean differences between twin and single-born children in social background, but not in behavioral difficulties, underscore the necessity of statistical control to identify risk associated with twinning compared with risk associated with family and obstetric background factors.
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Jin, Fufen, Synnve Schjølberg, Patricia Eadie, Ragnhild Bang Nes, and Espen Røysamb. "Preschool Speech Intelligibility and 8-Year Literacy: A Moderated Mediation Analysis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 3380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00394.
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Purpose The aims of this study were (a) to examine the relationship between speech intelligibility at the age of 5 years and literacy skills at the age of 8 years, (b) to explore the possible mediating or moderating role of broader language skills at 5 years in the relationship of interest, and (c) to assess whether the potential risk factors (child gender; maternal education levels; and family history of speech, language, reading, and writing difficulties) influence the relationship between speech intelligibility and literacy in terms of moderated mediation effects. Method We used mother-reported questionnaire data on 16,184 children participating in the population-based, prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study as well as conducted linear regression analyses using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. In addition, logistic regression was conducted to make predictions about risk. Results The association between speech intelligibility at 5 years and literacy skills at 8 years was statistically significant (β = .168, p < .001). Children with speech problems at 5 years had a risk ratio of 2.38 (95% CI [2.10, 2.70]) and an odds ratio of 2.74 (95% CI [2.35, 3.19]), as compared to children without such problems. Broader language skills at 5 years partially mediated the relationship between speech intelligibility at 5 years and literacy at 8 years, and the effect of language skills appeared to be moderated by child gender, a family history of language difficulties, a family history of reading difficulties, and maternal education. Conclusions Severity of speech problems indexed by parent-reported speech intelligibility in preschool predicted school-age literacy problems. Broader language skills are a crucial mediating mechanism through which these problems are linked, and the mediated relationship is amplified by female gender, low maternal education, family history of language difficulties, and family history of reading difficulties. The findings call for increased use of a multiple-risk model when planning early interventions in children with unclear speech.
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Dyer, Elizabeth M., and Stuart W. B. Evans. "Family induction into foster care." Children Australia 22, no. 1 (1997): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200008075.
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This paper presents the findings of a study into current induction practices in foster care agencies throughout Victoria. Eighty per cent of registered agencies responded to a mailed questionnaire exploring: the means of initial contact for prospective foster families, information and pre-service education sessions, assessment of families and the ongoing relationship between new foster families and the foster care agency.Educational strategies are explored and the issue of worker continuity is discussed in relation to foster family retention and maintaining commitment through early placement difficulties.
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Sanchez-Famoso, Valeriano, Myriam Cano-Rubio, and Guadalupe Fuentes-Lombardo. "The role of cooperation agreements in the internationalization of Spanish winery and olive oil family firms." International Journal of Wine Business Research 31, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 555–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-08-2018-0042.
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Purpose This study aims to identify the mediating role of cooperation agreements in the relationship between family involvement in international firms and their level of international commitment. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on Spanish international wine and olive oil companies that have varying levels of family involvement. The final sample consists of 263 companies. SmartPLS was used to perform the analysis. Findings A higher level of family involvement in business implies greater difficulties with cooperation agreements. Additionally, family involvement is negatively associated with the firm’s level of international commitment, and the perceived difficulties of cooperation agreements mediate this relationship. Practical implications This study is of interest to business managers with different levels of family involvement. The study clarifies their perceptions of cooperation agreements and international business commitment. Managers of firms with a high level of family involvement should emphasize the multiple benefits of cooperation agreements for international strategy performance rather than the drawbacks of cooperation. Additionally, through cooperation, companies can learn about destination markets, which may help them to focus their resources effectively in those markets. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on the internationalization strategies of family businesses. This study is the first to address the mediating role of cooperation agreements in the relationship between family involvement and international commitment.
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Richardson, Ronald W. "Bowen Family Systems Theory and Congregational Life." Review & Expositor 102, no. 3 (August 2005): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463730510200304.
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Pastors and church leaders are increasingly using family systems theory as a way to understand normal relationship processes in their churches and to learn how to function within them. The theory helps us to see more clearly how we are emotionally interconnected with one another and the ways this can manifest either for greater personal and congregational health or greater difficulties. This article shows some of the relevance to church ministry of the eight primary concepts in Bowen family systems theory.
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SEREBRYAKOVA, ALLA. "FAMILY MAINTENANCE OBLIGATIONS IN FAMILY RELATIONS." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-4-118-123.
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A task. The author of the article set himself the task of answering the question - what is meant by obligations for material security in family relations. Model. To solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the issues of legal regulation of material content obligations under the family legislation of the Russian Federation and alimony relations, identify the features of legal regulation of material content relations, propose a model for building material content relations between their various participants and understand the relationship between material content obligations and alimentation obligations. Conclusion. A distinction should be made between material support in the family and alimony. They treat each other as general and private. According to the author, there is a contradiction between the rule established by law that certain categories of persons are liable for material maintenance and the assumption of execution under duress of the same obligation, which must be fulfilled voluntarily. Practical significance. The author of the article believes that the conclusions formulated in the submitted article will be useful for a theoretical understanding of legal relations of alimony, an understanding of the relationship between obligations for material maintenance under family law of the Russian Federation and alimony. Social consequences. the theoretical model proposed by the author of the study as the basis for the possible legislative consolidation and subsequent practice of applying material content, including alimentation, between participants in family relations in conjunction with other measures taken in this direction [6] will allow over time to solve the systemic problem of alimony payments. Originality, value. A correct legal understanding of the legal situation, which causes practical difficulties, will strengthen the rule of law and encourage necessary legislative changes to ensure the most effective regulation of family and alimony relations.
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Lorensini, Sandra, and Glen Bates. "Relationship Difficulties and Unemployment in Attempted Suicide in an Australian Regional Center." Psychological Reports 90, no. 3 (June 2002): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3.923.
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Over a 12-mo. period, all patients ( N = 130) presenting to an Australian regional hospital following attempted suicide were interviewed to investigate the self-reported role of unemployment and relationship difficulties in precipitating suicide attempts. Consistent with a study of the same region in 1970–1971, attempted suicide was more prevalent in women, the lower socioeconomic groups, and usually occurred following the threat of or actual separation from a partner. However, in this study attempted suicide was most prevalent for those living in a family situation rather than alone or during separation. Although many patients had made a recent visit to their general practitioner, most acted spontaneously and perceived themselves as having no one with whom they could discuss their feelings or problems.
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Neary, W. J., V. F. Hillier, T. Flute, D. Stephens, R. T. Ramsden, and D. G. R. Evans. "Use of a closed set questionnaire to measure primary and secondary effects of neurofibromatosis type 2." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 7 (March 11, 2010): 720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110000460.
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AbstractObjectives:To identify the greatest difficulties reported by people affected by neurofibromatosis type 2, and to determine the relationship between the primary and secondary effects of the disease.Design:Postal questionnaire study.Setting:Questionnaire sent to subjects' home addresses.Participants:Eighty-seven adult patients under the care of the Manchester multidisciplinary neurofibromatosis type 2 team were invited to take part.Main outcome measure:The response rate was 62 out of 87 (71 per cent).Results:Respondents' answers emphasised that their greatest problem was deafness, which resulted in communication difficulties with social contacts, close partners, family and friends. Correlation coefficients indicated a relationship between general mood changes and hearing difficulties, social communication problems, balance difficulties and mobility problems. Self-confidence was significantly related only to social communication problems.Conclusions:The use of a closed set neurofibromatosis type 2 questionnaire identified hearing problems and subsequent communication difficulties as the main problems faced by people with this condition.
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Scott, Rachel, Danielle Nadorff, Loriena Yancura, and Melissa Barnett. "The Role of Intergenerational Relationships: Applying the Family Stress Model to Grandfamilies." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1124.
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Abstract The Family Stress Model (FSM) of Economic Hardship (Conger, Rueter, & Conger, 2000) was developed to explain the impact of financial stress on families through links between economic difficulties, parental emotional distress, marital conflict, disrupted parenting behaviors, and child maladjustment. The FSM has been cross validated in samples of custodial grandparents (i.e., grandparents who provide substantial care for their grandchildren; Smith et al., 2017). The current study modified the FSM by replacing inter-parent relationship difficulties with inter-generational relationship problems between the custodial grandparents and their children to ultimately examine the adjustment of the grandchildren. This change to the model is supported by prior research conducted on intergenerational stress impacting the parenting and subsequent development of children in grandfamilies (Barnett, Mills-Koonce, Gustafsson, & Cox, 2012). Using a nationwide sample of 317 custodial grandparents aged 40 and older (M = 61 yr) the fit of the modified model was tested using AMOS 26. Latent variables in the model included Economic Pressure, Caregiver Distress, Disrupted Parenting, Intergenerational Relationship, and Child Adjustment. Moderate fit was achieved (χ2(308) = 574.88; CFI = .896; RMSEA = .052). All pathways were significant with the exception of Disrupted Parenting to Child Adjustment. These results indicate that intergenerational relationships are an important predictor of child adjustment, and an applicable substitute for inter-partner relationships when modeling family stress in custodial grandfamilies. Details and clinical implications will be discussed.
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Linda Mora. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN SOSIAL KELUARGA DENGAN KESULITAN BELAJAR." Psychopedia Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/psikologi.v1i1.688.
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The aims of this study was to determine the relationship between family social support and learning difficulties in children. This type of research is quantitative research which is explanatory type. This study uses a questionnaire as a data collection tool that is distributed to 150 respondents from fifth grade students of SDN Kemanggisan 03 Pagi. Based on the results of bivariate correlation analysis obtained r of -0.216 with p <0.05, which means Ha which states there is a relationship between family social support and learning difficulties of fifth grade students of SDN Kemanggisan 03 Pagi received. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship with the negative direction between family social support and learning difficulties of fifth grade students of SDN Kemanggisan 03 Pagi.
Keywords: Family support, difficulty learning.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial keluarga dengan kesulitan belajar pada anak. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bertipe explanatory. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data yang disebarkan kepada 150 responden dari siswa kelas V SDN Kemanggisan 03 Pagi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis korelasi bivariate diperoleh r sebesar -0,216 dengan p<0.05, yang berarti Ha yang menyatakan ada hubungan antara dukungan sosial keluarga dengan kesulitan belajar siswa kelas V SDN Kemanggisan 03 Pagi diterima. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan signifikan dengan arah negative antara dukungan social keluarga dengan kesulitan belajar siswa kelas V SDN Kemanggisan 03 Pagi.
Kata Kunci: Dukungan sosial keluarga, kesulitan belajar.
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Crescenza, Giorgio, Massimiliano Fiorucci, Maria Concetta Rossiello, and Lisa Stillo. "Education and the Pandemic: Distance Learning and the School-Family Relationship." Research in Education and Learning Innovation Archives, no. 26 (January 20, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/realia.26.18078.
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In this paper we present the preliminary results of a survey administered to Italian stu- dents, teachers and families to detect the conditions prevailing in the education sector in the time of Covid-19. The aims of the study were to analyze teachers’ new citizenship skills and families’ relationship skills in order to create a new school-family agreement that is suitable not only for face-to-face lessons but also for distance learning and that incorporates new participation compe- tences from all those involved. Responses to the questionnaires, created in semi-structured format, were received from 2,000 teachers, families and students from all over Italy. This explorative phase highlighted the profound distance-learning revolution that has been adopted by over 90% of edu- cation systems but that has also created enormous difficulties from the emotional and relational perspectives. Aspects such as personalization and individuality in the learning process have been deferred, especially for those with disabilities. The conclusions intend to open to feasible social- pedagogical projects that respond to educational, digital and social needs drawn from this research, heralding that the pandemic has brought us into a new age of education.
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Ohta, Ryuichi, Yoshinori Ryu, Takuji Katsube, Jun Otani, and Yoshihiro Moriwaki. "Strengths and Challenges for Medical Students and Residents in Rural Japan." Family Medicine 53, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2021.308872.
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Background and Objectives: In Japan, family medicine training is driven by community-based medical education (CBME) and is often provided in rural community hospitals and clinics. Although CBME’s positive relationship to family medicine in rural community hospitals is proven, the learning processes of medical students and residents in rural community hospitals needs investigating. The objective of this study was to reveal medical students’ and residents’ changing motivations and learning behaviors, as well as the factors underpinning their transition between medical schools or tertiary hospitals and rural community hospitals. Methods: Over 2 years, the researchers conducted one-on-one interviews with 50 medical students and 30 residents participating in family medicine training at a rural community hospital, and analyzed the difficulties the participants encountered and how they overcame them. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used grounded theory in the data analysis to clarify the findings. Results: Three key themes emerged: educational background, changing environment, and factors driving the learning cycle. Participants had difficulties in overcoming differences between their previous education and their CBME, particularly regarding expected roles and the variety of medical issues. They overcame their difficulties through cognitive apprenticeships and legitimate peripheral participation enhanced by daily reflection. Conclusions: In rural community hospitals, participants struggled to adapt to the wider practice range and the more interactive relationship with educators. Cognitive apprenticeships and legitimate peripheral participation, supported by constant reflection between learners and clinical teachers, can facilitate learning, leading to more effective learning and practice of family medicine in rural areas.
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Ohta, Ryuichi, Yoshinori Ryu, Takuji Katsube, Jun Otani, and Yoshihiro Moriwaki. "Strengths and Challenges for Medical Students and Residents in Rural Japan." Family Medicine 53, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2021.308872.
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Background and Objectives: In Japan, family medicine training is driven by community-based medical education (CBME) and is often provided in rural community hospitals and clinics. Although CBME’s positive relationship to family medicine in rural community hospitals is proven, the learning processes of medical students and residents in rural community hospitals needs investigating. The objective of this study was to reveal medical students’ and residents’ changing motivations and learning behaviors, as well as the factors underpinning their transition between medical schools or tertiary hospitals and rural community hospitals. Methods: Over 2 years, the researchers conducted one-on-one interviews with 50 medical students and 30 residents participating in family medicine training at a rural community hospital, and analyzed the difficulties the participants encountered and how they overcame them. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used grounded theory in the data analysis to clarify the findings. Results: Three key themes emerged: educational background, changing environment, and factors driving the learning cycle. Participants had difficulties in overcoming differences between their previous education and their CBME, particularly regarding expected roles and the variety of medical issues. They overcame their difficulties through cognitive apprenticeships and legitimate peripheral participation enhanced by daily reflection. Conclusions: In rural community hospitals, participants struggled to adapt to the wider practice range and the more interactive relationship with educators. Cognitive apprenticeships and legitimate peripheral participation, supported by constant reflection between learners and clinical teachers, can facilitate learning, leading to more effective learning and practice of family medicine in rural areas.
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Higgs, Sandra J. "The Pain of being Adopted: One Adoptee's Journey." Journal of Pastoral Care 47, no. 4 (December 1993): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099304700405.
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Notes that although adoption itself may not bring a client to counseling, adopted persons may experience emotional problems, including depression, eating disorders, identity problems, and relationship difficulties, which are dynamically tied to the reality of adoption. Reports on one adoptee's experience of separation from her biological family, her search for her first family, and the resulting experience of separation.
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Blaas, Sabrina. "The Relationship Between Social-Emotional Difficulties and Underachievement of Gifted Students." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 24, no. 2 (March 10, 2014): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2014.1.
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Gifted students are a diverse minority group with high intelligence and talent whose needs are often unrecognised and unmet. It is believed that this group of students, from a range of backgrounds, socio-economic statuses and abilities, may experience a range of social-emotional difficulties, including peer exclusion, isolation, stress, anxiety, depression and destructive perfectionism. Literature also reveals that gifted and talented students are underachieving at school. Many educators do not recognise or meet the needs of gifted students as there is a false perception that they can look after themselves (Neihard, Reis, Robinson, & Moon, 2002). As research indicates, there is a positive correlation between poor social-emotional development and scholastic underachievement in gifted students (Australian Council for Educational Research, 2010; Queensland Government, 2013). While this may be true, there is limited understanding of how these variables influence one another. Many researchers believe that social-emotional difficulties cause school underachievement, whereas others argue that school underachievement results in social and emotional problems. Furthermore, many researchers dispute these arguments altogether, and believe that these problems are a result of external factors, including family, school, and community environments. Given these contrasting viewpoints, critical investigation is necessary in order to develop a more conclusive understanding of this relationship. This article aims to critically analyse the scope of the current literature, and provides recommendations for further research, as this may result in better development of programs to further support the social-emotional and academic needs of gifted students.
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Umans, Ine, Nadine Lybaert, Tensie Steijvers, and Wim Voordeckers. "The family CEO’s effect on succession planning: founder status, difficulties with letting go and gender differences." Gender in Management: An International Journal 36, no. 5 (June 8, 2021): 659–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2020-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate several antecedents of succession planning in family firms: founder status, the family chief executive officer (CEO)’s inability to let go and the family CEO’s gender. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts moderated mediation analysis on a sample of 259 family firms. Findings The results show that family firms led by founders show lower succession planning levels than family firms led by descendant family CEOs. This effect is mediated by the family CEO’s inability to let go. Furthermore, the influence of the emotion of being unable to let go on succession planning is dependent on the family CEO’s gender. This influence is smaller when the family CEO is female than when the family CEO is male. Originality/value The study introduces the family CEO’s inability to let go as a mediator in the founder-succession planning relationship. The results add empirical evidence to the debate about gender influences in family firms. By showing that emotions have a different outcome concerning succession planning depending on the family CEO’s gender, this study enriches gender research. The study also contributes to the family business field by introducing relational theory as a valuable theoretical framework to include gender in succession research.
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Chai, Hye Won, Steven H. Zarit, and Karen L. Fingerman. "Revisiting Intergenerational Contact and Relationship Quality in Later Life: Parental Characteristics Matter." Research on Aging 42, no. 5-6 (January 21, 2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027519899576.
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Contact and relationship quality between adult children and aging parents are two widely used indicators of intergenerational solidarity and are often assumed to be positively correlated. However, the association between the two may depend on characteristics of the parent involved. Using Family Exchanges Study Wave 1, this study assessed whether parental difficulties—measured as functional limitations and life problems—and gender moderated the associations between middle-aged adults’ contact and relationship quality with their parents. We found that more frequent email or phone contact was associated with worse relationship quality for fathers who had functional limitations. For life problems, however, more contact was not related to relationship quality for fathers with life problems. The associations did not differ by mother’s difficulties. These results suggest that frequent contact between middle-aged adult children and aging parents does not uniformly reflect better relationship quality but rather depends on parents’ characteristics.
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Asih, Okti Rahayu, Rahmi Fahmy, Dwi Novrianda, Henny Lucida, Vetty Priscilla, and Zifriyanthi Minanda Putri. "Cross Sectional: Dukungan Sosial dan Resiliensi Perawat." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 19, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v19i2.674.
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Resilience is an essential element to be built in the nursing profession in order to overcome challenges and difficulties in the workplace. Relationship and effective support that comes from family, friends and peers are factors that influence resilience. To examine the relationship between social support and nurse resilience. This research applied a quantitative design with cross sectional approach. The samples were taken by proportional random sampling and 110 nurses were chosen as the samples. The instruments in this study were CD-RISC 10 and MSPSS with modified. There is a relationship between social support and nurse resilience. Suggestion: Hospital management may design an innovative and creative programs to increase nurses’ perceived social support such as family gathering programs, family hospital tour programs and mentoring as an effort to increase their resilience
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Solomatina, Galina. "Socio-pedagogical factors of interaction in the substitute family." KANT 36, no. 3 (September 2020): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-36.72.
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This article is dedicated to one of the current problems of our time – research of factors affecting relations of foster family members. External factors (deprivation conditions of parenting prior to acceptance of a child into foster family, experienced violence in the birth family, difficulties in school educational process, bilingual environment) as well as internal factors (organic diseases of CNS of a foster child, level of education and cultural values of foster parents, personal aspects and qualities of a foster child and foster parents); such factors cause problems in engagement and relations in a foster family. Proficiency in these factors study are beneficial in functional build-up of family relationship.
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Semple, Shirley J., Thomas L. Patterson, William S. Shaw, Igor Grant, Sherry Moscona, William Koch, and Dilip Jeste. "The Social Networks of Older Schizophrenia Patients." International Psychogeriatrics 9, no. 1 (March 1997): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297004237.
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There is a paucity of research that examines the role of family members and friends in the lives of older schizophrenia patients. This study compared 66 middle-aged and elderly outpatients with 31 normal comparison subjects. Five dimensions of social network were assessed: (a) family composition, geographic proximity, and frequency of contact; (b) instrumental support; (c) emotional support and interpersonal difficulties; (d) role of friends; and (e) use of formal service providers as sources of support and assistance. As compared with normal subjects, the schizophrenia patients were less likely to be married, less likely to have children, more likely to live alone, and had fewer friendships. The patients were, however, similar to comparison subjects on the following family-relationship variables: frequency of contact, instrumental support received, presence of a family confidant, and extent of interpersonal difficulties. These findings do not support the stereotype of older schizophrenia patients as being estranged from family members. The need for developing interventions that use key family members to interface with service providers and to monitor treatment compliance and continuity of care is discussed.
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Jackson, Dylan B., and Alexander Testa. "Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Early Language Difficulties among U.S. Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 6489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126489.
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Objective: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) is a serious public health concern with the potential to interfere with various components of healthy child development. Even so, there has been limited nationally representative research investigating these connections. The current study examines the relationship between ETS and language difficulties among toddlers and preschool-aged children in the United States. Method: Data are derived from the 2018 National Survey of Children’s Health and facilitate strategic comparisons between different forms of ETS—namely, children who live with family members who smoke vs. children whose family members smoke inside the housing unit. Results: The findings reveal a robust association between family members smoking inside the housing unit and both receptive and expressive language difficulties, but only among male children. After adjusting for covariates, smoking inside the housing unit is associated with a 182% increase in the rate of early composite language difficulties among male children. These associations persist even when compared to male children who live with smoking family members who do not smoke inside the housing unit. Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for interventions designed to reduce ETS in households with young children and increase targeted language skill training for vulnerable children in an effort to enhance child development and well-being. To maximize this effort, we advocate for interdisciplinary teams, including medical and public health practitioners, educators, and researchers, to work together to develop and implement evidence-based strategies to limit ETS in homes and facilitate healthy language development among young children.
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Khaliq, Aqsa, Umaiza Bashir, and Zahid Mahmood. "Machiavellian Personality Tendencies and Interpersonal Difficulties in University Students." Clinical and Counselling Psychology Review 1, no. 2 (December 2019): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/ccpr.12.02.
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Interpersonal relationships are a very important part of the university life of a person. To explore the relationship between interpersonal difficulties and personality traits, a sample of 300 students in the age range of 18-28 years (M=22.04) was taken from different government and private universities. To measure the Machiavellian Personality Tendencies among students an indigenous tool was developed rooted inthe Pakistani culture. Interpersonal Difficulties Scale (Saleem, Ihsan, & Mahmood, 2014) was used. It was revealed that students with high Machiavellian Personality Tendencies have more interpersonal difficulties and Machiavellian Personality Tendencies, gender, family system and birth order are significant predictors of interpersonal difficulties in university students. These results are discussed in the Pakistani cultural context and their implications are stated for future research and therapeutic work.
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Liang, Feng, and Panpan Li. "Characteristics of cognitive in children with learning difficulties." Translational Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2019-0024.
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Abstract In order to explore the relationship between cognitive function in children with learning difficulties and social environment, this study uses the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and the self-made general environment questionnaire to investigate 185 children with learning difficulties and compares them with 185 normal children, and gives attention test to 50 children with learning difficulties. The results show that family environment has a certain influence on the children with learning difficulties, they have a significantly lower verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and full scale intelligence quotient (FIQ), and the separation of VIQ and P IQ is common among them. As the children with learning difficulties grow older, their ability for abstract generalization tends to decline, which may be a characteristic of their intelligence development. This study aims to compare the functional differences in cortical regions between children with learning difficulties and children without from the perspective of cognitive neuropsychology, so as to provide effective assistance for children with learning difficulties.
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GİRİŞKEN, Arzu, and Elif ÇALIMLIOĞLU DOĞAN. "UNDERSTANDING WORKING MOTHERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN TURKEY." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 8, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 1015–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i4.1584.
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Today, especially in developing countries, the majority of working mothers in institutions' organizational structures, feel disturbed and excluded. This article aims to examine the relationship between challenges faced by working mothers in Turkey and their view of organizational commitment with a scientific approach. This study also aims to discuss the gender and maternal identity of working women by considering the difficulties they have in their both business and family lives. The survey designed for this article was applied to 105 working mothers living in Istanbul, and 82 of them completed it. In this online quantitative study, the living standards of working mothers, the capacity of the institution to support them, and the relationship between work-family life and organizational commitment were investigated. As a result of this study, it was found that there is a significant relationship between corporate commitment and life satisfaction, identities (work and family, etc.), job satisfaction, and organizational support for working mothers, and a significant negative relationship was found between corporate commitment and work-family life conflict.
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Silva, Barbara Martins Corrêa da, Célia Pereira Caldas, Helena Maria Shchelowski Leal David, and Michel Jean Marie Thiollent. "Difficulties encountered in care for elderly persons with dementia: coping based on participatory research." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 21, no. 1 (February 2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562018021.170081.
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Abstract Objective: to analyze the proposal of an action plan created by nurses to deal with difficulties in caring for the elderly. The aim of the present study was therefore to analyze the difficulties that family caregivers find in relation to access to services, material resources and the support network when meeting the care needs of the elderly in accordance with Brazilian public policy. Method: the methodology of participatory research and content analysis proposed by Bardin was used. The context was the Geriatric service of a university hospital. The group of co-researchers included eight nurses and 12 caregivers of elderly people with dementia. Results: the following categories emerged from the analysis: contradictions and work proposals. The contradictions category revealed reflections about the difference between the proposed care for the elderly and the reality of a lack of care and the precarious conditions of health services. This situation leads to overburdening of caregivers. The work proposals refer to the strategies used by nurses to establish a relationship of support to family caregivers to cope with the difficulties involved in care for the elderly. Conclusion: nurses recognize that they are professionals capable of receiving, listening to and managing the needs of family caregivers of the elderly, thus promoting the health of the elderly and the caregivers themselves, preparing the family of the patient for home care and coping with difficulties experienced in elderly care.
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Schaffer, Rachel, David Bass, Sara Powers, Jenna McDavid, and Ocean Le. "CULTURE-RELATED TASK DIFFICULTIES AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR CAREGIVERS FROM DIVERSE COMMUNITIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S953—S954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3461.
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Abstract The Diverse Elders Coalition, in partnership with its six member organizations and the Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, completed a national survey of 840 family and friend caregivers from diverse racial, ethnic, and sexual orientation communities to understand their unique caregiving issues and challenges. Data from a subsample of 404 caregivers identifying as Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Southeast Asian or from multiple ethnicities were examined to determine the relationship between difficulties performing culture-related care tasks (i.e., assisting with immigration issues and language barriers) and a variety of caregiver outcomes. Regression analysis controlling for background and context characteristics showed caregivers experiencing more culture-related task difficulties had significantly higher levels of several negative caregiving consequences, including health strain (B=.19, p=.001), relationship strain (B=.17, p=.005), work strain, (B=.24, p=.000) isolation (B=.17, p=.002), and symptoms of depression (B=.29, p=.000). Moreover, higher levels of strain and depression among caregivers who reported high levels of culture-related task difficulties ranged from 26%-54%. More difficulties with culture-related tasks also were significantly related to dissatisfaction with support resources, including lower ratings of the quality of care receivers’ healthcare (B=-.20, p=.001), and lower satisfaction with support they and their care receivers received from family and friends (B=-.17, p=.006 and B=-.16, p=.011, respectively). Results suggest caregivers from diverse communities struggling with culture-related tasks experience more negative consequences of caregiving and less helpful social support. Service providers working with caregivers from diverse communities should assess for culture-related task difficulties, recognizing these problems may be a window into a variety of adverse caregiving effects.
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Johnson, Cheryl L., Pamela Wilcox, and Samuel Peterson. "Stressed Out and Strapped: Examining the Link Between Psychological Difficulties and Student Weapon Carrying and Use." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 7 (February 15, 2019): 980–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819826110.
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Using data on middle-school adolescents from the Rural Substance Abuse and Violence Project (RSVP), the authors examined the extent to which psychological difficulties are related to student weapon carrying and use, net of other criminological variables. Furthermore, the authors examined whether psychological difficulties had variable effects across school contexts. Initial logistic regression models showed that variables tapping psychological difficulties (fear of crime, family history of mental illness, and low self-control) were significantly related to student weapon carrying and use. Once other criminological and demographic controls were added, only low self-control remained significant. Multilevel models incorporating random slope coefficients and cross-level interactions showed that the relationship between low self-control and student weapon carrying/use was attenuated in schools with higher levels of school efficacy and school security. Similarly, the relationship between fear of crime and weapon carrying depended on the level of school security, with the effect weakened as school security increased.
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Saarinen, Minna K., Markku T. Jahnukainen, and Raija A. Pirttimaa. "The Social Networks of People with Intellectual Disabilities during the On-Campus Supported Adult Education Programme." Journal of Education and Learning 5, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v5n2p302.
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<p>This article describes the social networks of four young people with intellectual disabilities in supported adult education, focusing on their inclusion in school and leisure environments. A multiple case study approach with content analysis was used. Data were collected through interviews with young people and their family members, relationship maps, observation journals and notes from Personal Futures Planning meetings. Relationships with family members, other relatives and neighbours were close. One participant had a friend of her own age with no disabilities. The other three had varying, superficial peer relationships and friends of the family. All the participants had heterogeneous relationship maps and had no difficulties in nominating the people who were important to them. All of them hoped to make friends with peers without disabilities.</p>
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Pearsall-Jones, Jillian G., Jan P. Piek, Lyndall Steed, Megan R. McDougall, and Florence Levy. "Monozygotic Twins Concordant and Discordant for DCD: Two Sides to the Story." Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.1.79.
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Being an identical twin does not necessarily mean having identical perceptions of family functioning, nor of the twin relationship. Using the co-twin control design, the aim of this study was to explore perceptions of family dynamics and the twin relationship in monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant and concordant for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). It was hypothesized that, as has been found in twins discordant for cerebral palsy, twins without DCD would perceive family functioning as less healthy than would their co-twins with DCD. It was also hypothesized that the twin relationship would be regarded generally as mutually supportive. Questionnaire data on 866 sets of MZ twins aged 6 to 17 years were used to identify seven sets discordant, and two sets concordant for DCD. Quantitative (General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device — FAD), and qualitative (semi-structured interview) measures were used to assess family dynamics and the twin relationship. In discordant sets, six of seven twins without DCD rated family functioning at a less healthy level than did their co-twins with DCD. All twins in the DCD concordant sets rated their family functioning at a healthy level. From the semi-structured interviews, emergent themes included friendship, support, minimal sibling rivalry, and minor difficulties. It was concluded that, overall, the twin relationship was regarded as close and mutually supportive, with an ambivalent polarity between the best and most difficult aspects of being an identical twin. Implications for research, policy and clinical practice are discussed.
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Yamaguchi, Hiroshi. "“Intimate relationship” with “virtual humans” and the “socialification” of familyship." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 11, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2020-0023.
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AbstractIn this article, the author provides a new view on intimate relationships with “virtual humans” such as robots and AIs. Recent technological developments have enabled firms to create humanlike robots and AIs. It is likely that, in the near future, a growing number of people will want intimate relationships with these virtual humans. This may receive harsh criticism, for example, that such a move would indicate objectification of women or ethical wrongdoing. Instead, however, it should be viewed in light of quality of life (QOL) for sexual minorities and people with various difficulties. Aided by the discussion of the introduction of the Long Term Public Care Insurance (LTCI) system in Japan in the late 1990s, the author positions this trend as the “socialification” of familyship – that is, a phenomenon in which the virtual humans, as products or services offered by businesses, become partners/family members, and a change by which some parts of the intimate relationships within families are shared in society. Just as the LTCI system, which was introduced as a socialification of nursing care, reduced the burden of care on Japanese women and improved their QOL, adoption of virtual humans as a socialification of familyship is also likely to improve the QOL of people with difficulties worldwide.
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Ranjan, Rajeev, Manju Mehta, Rajesh Sagar, and Siddharth Sarkar. "Relationship of cognitive function and adjustment difficulties among children and adolescents with dissociative disorder." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, no. 02 (April 2016): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.176197.
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ABSTRACT Background and Aims: Although it has been suggested that children and adolescents with dissociative disorder have some cognitive deficits, the association of these cognitive impairments with adjustment difficulties has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive functioning and adjustment difficulties in children and adolescents with dissociative disorder. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive assessment was carried out in the outpatient setting of child and adolescent psychiatric service in a tertiary care hospital. Fifty newly diagnosed children and adolescents with dissociative disorder were included. The cognitive functions were assessed by varied neuropsychological tests, and Bell’s adjustment inventory was used for assessing various domains of adjustment. Results: The mean age of the sample which comprised 40% males was 13.0 (±2.4) years. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of the sample was 90.6. Impairment in cognitive test was maximum for verbal working memory followed by sustained attention, visual learning and memory, and verbal retention and recall. Adjustment difficulties were greatest in the domains of self, followed by domains of health, school, and family. Significant association was found between the IQ and adjustment in school; visual learning and memory and adjustments in school and overall adjustment; and sustained attention and adjustment of health. Conclusions: Dissociative children have poor cognitive ability which may be related to poor adjustment scores.
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Pertiwi, Cucu Eka, Ni Ketut Alit Armini, and Eka Mishbahatul Mar’ah Has. "Relationship of Family Support and Self-Efficacy with Postpartum Depression among Postpartum Mothers." Pediomaternal Nursing Journal 7, no. 1 (July 18, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/pmnj.v7i1.21793.
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Introduction: The postpartum period is a challenging transition for postpartum mothers. The existence of major changes can make mothers experience mood disorders such as postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and self-efficacy with the incidence of postpartum depression.Methods: This study uses a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was postpartum mothers. The sample involved 97 respondents using a consecutive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria in this study were postpartum mothers with 1-4 month periods. The exclusion criteria used were postpartum mothers with severe mental disorders. Data were collected using Sources of Social Support Scale questionnaires, Perceived Maternal Parental Self Efficacy, and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. The analysis uses the spearman rho test statistical test.Results: The results showed there was a relationship between family support and postpartum depression (p = 0.000; r = -0.364) and there was a relationship between self-efficacy and the incidence of postpartum depression (p = 0.000; r = -0.355).Conclusion: The higher the family support and self-efficacy, the lower the chance of postpartum depression. Postpartum mothers who get high family support will feel cared for, loved, and can share the burden so they can reduce stress which ultimately reduces postpartum depression. Postpartum mothers who have high self-efficacy tend to regard the task difficulties that she faces as an obstacle rather than as a threat that leads to the emergence of depression.
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Shah, Ajit. "A replication of a cross-national study of the relationship between elderly suicide rates and urbanization." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 1 (July 10, 2009): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990627.
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Modernization is a social and economic process consisting of three interrelated processes of industrialization, urbanization and secularization. The process of industrialization may provide greater economic opportunities in urban areas and facilitate migration of people from rural to urban areas. This process of urbanization may lead to a weakening of ties with family, friends, local religious institutions and original place of residence. Difficulties in adjusting to the new urban environment may increase the risk of suicide and see a rise in suicide rates (Stack, 2000).
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Kameyama, Noriko, Yukina Morimoto, Ayako Hashimoto, Hiroko Inoue, Ikuko Nagaya, Kozue Nakamura, and Toshiko Kuwano. "The Relationship between Family Meals and Mental Health Problems in Japanese Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179281.
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The relative burden of mental health problems in children is increasing worldwide. Family meals have attracted attention as an effective modifiable factor for preventing children’s mental health problems. We examined the relationship between family meals and mental health problems in Japanese elementary schoolchildren. A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted with guardians of children aged 7 to 12 years in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Frequency of family meals and with whom the child eats breakfast, lunch, and dinner were assessed separately for weekdays and weekends/holidays. Mental health was assessed using the Japanese version of the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for borderline/abnormal mental health status were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Of the 678 children, 24.9% had borderline/abnormal mental health status. Children eating breakfast with their family less than once a week (adjusted OR, 4.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.51–15.25) and those eating weekend breakfast alone (adjusted OR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.42–9.23) had a higher prevalence of borderline/abnormal mental health status compared to those eating breakfast seven times a week and weekend breakfast with their family, respectively. These results suggest that family meals, especially breakfast, might be positively associated with better mental health in children.
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Krasiejko, Izabela, and Katarzyna Wasilewska-Ostrowska. "Strengthening the care and educational competences of parents as a challenge for family assistants." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 597, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7829.
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The family assistant is designed to strengthen parents' caring and upbringing skills so that the family upbringing environment is safe for children and fosters their development. It is often not easy, as it seems. Assistants work with people who themselves have a relationship disorder, low insight skills, learned helplessness and low motivation to cooperate with assistance professions. Added to this are environmental factors and the level of understanding of the idea of assistantship and the organization of the work of social services in a given commune. This article will present recommendations on how to educate parents by family assistants and discuss difficulties in this regard.
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Cardoso, Rachel da Silva Serejo, Selma Petra Chaves Sá, Ana Maria Domingos, Vera Maria Sabóia, Tauan Nunes Maia, Joviria Marcia Ferreira de Oliveira Padilha, and Glycia de Almeida Nogueira. "Educational technology: a facilitating instrument for the elderly care." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, suppl 2 (2018): 786–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0129.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To develop educational technology with caregivers of older people based on the needs, difficulties and concerns related to the elderly care expressed by the caregivers themselves. Method: Research of qualitative nature, with participant observation, based on concepts used by Paulo Freire. Data collection and analysis used the “World Cafe” methodology and the thematic content analysis, respectively. Result: The needs of these caregivers refer to their training and information on aging. The difficulties highlighted are deterrents to quality assistance to older adults, such as: insufficient resources, environmental factor and relationship with the family. The interests are evident in relation to the care and to its more subjective relationship. Final considerations: Educational technologies, printed matter and media, developed along with the caregivers, contribute to orientation and information of caregiver, population and professionals as facilitating instruments, regarding elderly care.
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Craven, MA, M. Cohen, D. Campbell, J. Williams, and Nick Kates. "Mental Health Practices of Ontario Family Physicians: A Study Using Qualitative Methodology." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 9 (November 1997): 943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379704200905.
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Objective: To obtain descriptions of how family physicians detect and manage mental health problems commonly encountered in their practices and how they function in their role as mental health care providers. Also, to elicit their perceptions of barriers to the delivery of optimal mental health care. Method: Focus groups with standardized questions were used to elicit descriptive data, opinions, attitudes, and terminology. Convenience samples of 10 to 12 physicians were chosen in each of Ontario's 7 health care planning regions, with a mixture of rural, urban, and university settings. Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed, analyzed, and recurring themes were extracted. Results: Family physicians' descriptions of the range of problems commonly encountered and their detection and management highlight the unique nature of mental health care in the primary care setting. The realities of family medicine, the undifferentiated nature of presenting problems, the long-term physician–patient relationship, and the frequent overlap of physical and mental health problems dictate an approach to diagnosis and treatment that differs from mental health care delivery in other settings. Difficulties in the relationship with local psychiatric services—accessing psychiatric care (especially for emergencies), poor communication with mental health care providers, and cumbersome intake procedures of many mental health services—were consistently identified as barriers to the delivery of optimal mental health care. Conclusions: This study confirms the importance of the family physician in the detection and management of mental health problems. It offers insights into how family physicians function in their role as mental health care providers and how they deal with diagnostic and management challenges that are specific to primary care. It also identifies barriers to the optimal delivery of mental health care in the primary care setting, including difficulties at the clinical interface between psychiatry and family medicine. Further studies are needed to explore these issues in greater depth.
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Purba, Rentawati, and Kurnia Novita Putri Harahap. "HUBUNGAN FUNGSI AFEKTIF KELUARGA DENGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL REMAJA DI SMA NEGERI 1 KECAMATAN PANAI HULU KABUPATEN LABUHAN BATU TAHUN 2019." Jurnal Penelitian Keperawatan Medik 1, no. 2 (April 28, 2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpkm.v1i2.122.
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One of the family vital function is affective function. Fulfilling the affective function of the family is defined as the ability of the family to meet the need for comfort and happiness. Adolescents are now very worried because they experience difficulties in emotional intelligence due to the lack of family support they receive and is at risk of the teenager doing negative things or deviating. This type of research is descriptive with an approach Cross Sectional to know relationship between family affective and adolescent emotional intelligence. Location of this research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Sub District Panai Hulu District Labuhan Batu and this research was conducted in November 2018. The sample of this study was students on SMA Negeri 1 Sub District Panai Hulu District Labuhan Batu which numbered 86 people whose sampling uses techniques Starified Random Sampling. Data analysis using test Chi-Square. Result of statistical test say, there is a relationship between family affective and adolescent emotional intelligence in SMA Negeri 1 Sub District Panai Hulu Dixtrict Labuhan Batu. The results of the study show the importance of good family affectuive functions so that adolescent emotional intelligence can be applied in a positive form.
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Pereira, Joana Alegria, Felismina Mendes, Tatiana Mestre, Maria Otília Zangão, and Catarina Pereira. "The Relationship Between Depression and Violence Risk Predictors on Elderly." International Journal of Studies in Nursing 4, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v4i1.536.
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The purpose of this study was to understand the correlation between the elderly with depressive symptomatology and the predictors of the risk of violence against them. The method used was a quantitative approach using the Statistical Package program for Social Sciences. There was a participation of 237 elderly people aged 65-96 years, of the project “Aging in Safety in Alentejo-Understanding to Act”, at the University of Évora. The Geriatric Depression Scale and the Predictors of Risk of Violence (an adaptation of the Elder Abuse and Neglect-Risk Assessment Tool and Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale) were applied. About the results, 50 elderly (21.1%) had mild depressive symptomatology, and 14 (5.9%) had severe depressive symptomatology. Of the 64 elderly individuals who presented depressive symptomatology 55 were female. In the relationship between the severity of depressive symptomatology and predictors of risk of violence, significant results were found in three dimensions: current supports and relationships, family context and cognitive/emotional difficulties. The main conclusion of the study is that factors like no social support networks, complex family context and cognitive and emotional changes, contribute to greater physical and mental vulnerability of the elderly, resulting in cases of anxiety and stress, which present a depressive symptomatology and the risk of violence.
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Potter, Carol Ann. "Fathers experiences of sleeping problems in children with autism." Advances in Autism 3, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aia-06-2016-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of fathers in the management of sleeping problems in children with autism and their perspectives of the impact of these difficulties on family life. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews with 25 UK-based fathers of children with autism were undertaken. Findings Two-thirds of fathers reported that their children experienced severe sleeping problems in the areas of bed-time resistance, sleep onset and night-time waking. Fathers were significantly involved in the management of these difficulties and reported a range of associated deleterious impacts on the family, including significant negative effects on paternal and maternal health, father’s employment, couple relationship and sibling experiences. Research limitations/implications The interview sample cannot be said to be representative of all fathers of children with autism since the backgrounds of those taking part were relatively homogeneous in respect of ethnicity, marital status and level of education. Practical implications Improvements in effective, family-centred provision are urgently needed which employ a co-parenting, gender-differentiated methodology. Social implications Given the severity and frequency of difficulties, sleeping problems in children with autism should be viewed as a significant public health concern. Originality/value This is one of the first studies, qualitative or quantitative, to explore the role and perspectives of fathers of children with autism in the important area of sleep management.
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Rhondali, Wadih, Anne Chirac, Angélique Laurent, Jean-Louis Terra, and Marilène Filbet. "Family caregivers' perceptions of depression in patients with advanced cancer: A qualitative study." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 3 (February 13, 2014): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951513001223.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjective:Depression is a serious issue for cancer patients, resulting in impaired quality of life and probably shorter survival. However, many cancer patients with depression are not treated because of the difficulties in identifying depression within this population. Our study aimed to examine caregivers' perceptions of depression among advanced cancer patients.Method:This qualitative study employed semistructured interviews, and we analyzed data using grounded theory and qualitative methods. We recruited caregivers from our palliative care unit (PCU) at an academic medical center.Results:We interviewed a total of 15 caregivers. Cancer patients' caregivers had a good theoretical knowledge of depression but also acknowledged that, in the context of cancer and because of their relationship with the patient, identification of depressive symptoms could be challenging. They considered themselves as partners in the patient's care with a supportive role. However, by assuming the role of partner in patient care, caregivers exposed themselves to emotional difficulties and an increased need for support and information.Significance of Results:Our results suggest a significant impact of depression in advanced cancer caregivers, and it is therefore crucial that healthcare professionals develop educational programs targeting cancer patients' families as well as specific interventions to minimize the impact of the burden of patient care on caregivers.