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Journal articles on the topic 'Family policy – Spain'
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1
Meil, Gerardo. "The Evolution of Family Policy in Spain." Marriage & Family Review 39, no. 3-4 (August 10, 2006): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j002v39n03_07.
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Valiente, Celia. "The rejection of authoritarian policy legacies: Family policy in Spain (1975–1995)." South European Society and Politics 1, no. 1 (June 1996): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608749608454718.
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Valiente, Celia. "The Rejection of Authoritarian Policy Legacies: Family Policy in Spain (1975-1995)." South European Society and Politics 1, no. 1 (April 1, 1996): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608749608559514.
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Valarino, Isabel, Gerardo Meil, and Jesús Rogero-García. "Family or state responsibility? Elderly- and childcare policy preferences in Spain." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 11/12 (October 8, 2018): 1101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2018-0086.
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PurposeSpain is typically considered a familialistic country where the family is the main responsible for individuals’ well-being. Recent demographic, socioeconomic and policy changes raise the question to what extent familialism is regarded as the preferred care arrangement in society or whether more state support is considered legitimate. The purpose of this paper is to analyse individual preferences among Spanish residents regarding care responsibility for pre-school children and the frail elderly, and the factors that influence such preferences.Design/methodology/approachRepresentative data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme are used (n=1419). Six patterns of care responsibility that capture preferences regarding who, between the family or the state, should provide and pay for the care of pre-school children and the frail elderly are identified. Logistic regressions are performed on each care responsibility pattern to analyse the factors influencing individuals’ preferences.FindingsMultiple preferences coexist and state responsibility is often preferred over family responsibility, especially for elderly-care. It suggests that the tendency to rely on the family in Spain is due to insufficient support rather than to familialistic values. Individuals who usually bear most care work responsibilities, such as women and individuals in caring ages, or those with a poor health, high care load or low income consider there should be extra-family support. Individuals’ values also matter: the least religious, the most supportive of maternal employment and left-wing voters are most likely to reject traditional care arrangements.Originality/valueThis is the first study to analyse both elderly- and childcare policy preferences in one single study. It shows that childcare is more often seen as a family responsibility than elderly care.
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DAATLAND, SVEIN OLAV, and KATHARINA HERLOFSON. "‘Lost solidarity’ or ‘changed solidarity’: a comparative European view of normative family solidarity." Ageing and Society 23, no. 5 (September 2003): 537–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03001272.
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This paper discusses filial norms, personal preferences for care, and policy opinions about the proper role of the family and the welfare state in elder care, by drawing from a comparative study of urban populations in Norway, England, Germany, Spain and Israel. Support for filial norms has a north-south dimension in Europe, and is highest in Spain and Israel and lowest – but still substantial – in Norway, England and Germany. National differences in preferences and policy opinions are more substantial, and more or less congruent with national family and social policy traditions. Filial solidarity is, however, not incompatible with generous welfare state arrangements, nor do filial obligations necessarily imply that the family is seen as the ‘natural’ care provider. In fact, many in the countries with the highest scores for filial responsibility still find the welfare state to be the main source of care provision. Normative familism is correlated with expressed familism in individuals' preferences and in policy opinions, but the correlations are weak, implying that while filial solidarity may be resilient, as circumstances alter its expressions change.
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Ntoung, A. T. Lious, Jorge Eduardo Vila Biglieri, Ben C. Outman, Eva Masárová, Aziz Babounia, and Cacilia Mesonge Kome. "Family firms and performance empirical analysis from Spain." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 4 (2017): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i4c2art4.
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This paper provides empirical evidence on the impact of family-controlled firms on corporate performance, using financial information of 47590 family firms from 2010 to 2014. From the overall sample, approximately two-third of family firms have concentrated ownership, meanwhile, the remaining one-third have dispersed and unknown ownership. With respect to generation, 76% of the family firms were in the first generation, 21% for the second generation and approximately 3% for the third generation. The main findings are that ownership structure of family firms have a positive impact on their performance. Specifically, family firms with concentrated ownership outperformed family firms with dispersed ownership; however, family firms in the 1ª generation outperform family business in the 2ª and 3ª generation. Also, aggressive incentive policy negatively affects the performance of family business for the 1ª generation and has no impact on performance for 2ª and 3ª generational firms. Unlisted family firms have lower performance than listed family firms. Lastly, medium size family businesses outperform than small and large size family businesses.
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Ivanova, Olga, and Anastassia Zabrodskaja. "Family language policy in Russian-Estonian and Russian-Spanish multilingual settings." Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 1047–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-4-1047-1070.
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This paper primarily focuses on the family language policy of bilingual Russian-Estonian and Russian-Spanish families in relation to the maintenance of Russian as a heritage language. Its main objective is to identify social factors that either help or hinder this process. In doing so, this paper searches for commonalities and specificities of the mainstream attitudes towards Russian as a heritage language in Estonia and Spain, by analysing the sociolinguistic situation of Russian in both countries and by examining the factors conditioning the maintenance of Russian as a heritage language in family settings. Our research is based on an in-depth analysis of a variety of sources, mainly quantitative statistical and demographic data on self-reported language behaviour and language ideologies in mixed families from Estonia (n = 40) and Spain (n = 40). The main results of our comparative study confirm the general positive attitude towards Russian as a heritage language, but they also highlight an important variability of these attitudes both between countries and within each community. We show that these attitudes directly determine the principles of family language policy, the parents strategies to transmit Russian as a heritage language, and the level of proficiency in Russian as a heritage language in the second generation. These results allow us to conclude that, as a heritage language, Russian relies on strong attitudinal support in even small communities, like Estonian or Spanish, but also that its confident transmission should rely on external subsidy.
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Dierckx, Myrte, and R. Lucas Platero. "The meaning of trans* in a family context." Critical Social Policy 38, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018317731953.
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Though research into gender transition has grown in the social sciences and policy has turned its attention to the rights of trans* people, the social and family environment in which gender transition takes place is often overlooked. Based on qualitative data from two projects in Belgium and Spain addressing the experiences of parents and children undertaking a gender transition, this article explores the experiences of these families. First, we look into the reflective processes that take place within these families. Second, we look into the experience of stigmatisation and the relationship between trans* families and health professionals. These findings have implications for trans* families as well as for policy makers and trans* health professionals.
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Costa-Font, Joan, and Concepció Patxot. "The Design of the Long-Term Care System in Spain: Policy and Financial Constraints." Social Policy and Society 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746404002131.
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The provision and financing of long-term care (LTC) in Spain has only recently become a policy concern. However, welfare policy reforms show the need to anticipate the effects of a transition from the traditional ‘family-based’ model of care (78 per cent of Spanish elders who are disabled are treated by their own families) to a modern ‘community-based’ model. This paper examines the current models of providing and funding long-term care in Spain and on the basis of the empirical evidence evaluates the prospects for the future organisation and funding of the system.
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Churchill, Harriet, Sofía Baena, Rosemary Crosse, Lucia Jiménez, and MIchelle Millar. "Developing family support services: A comparison of national reforms and challenges in England, Ireland and Spain." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 21, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): 58–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v21i2.1418.
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A major aspect of contemporary European family policies has been substantial developments in ‘family and parenting support services’ albeit under challenging conditions of austerity in recent years. This article compares and reviews national reforms in family support, child welfare and positive parenting services in England, Ireland and Spain. The analysis critically compares national ‘system-wide’ reforms and frontline service-based innovations; and situates these within broader national and European policy contexts. The article examines the degrees and ways in which children’s and family services reforms across all three countries have been shaped by family support, children’s rights and social investment policy orientations; and deliberates national differences in the scope, timing and longevity of reforms. It raises critical issues from rights-based perspectives and reflects on cross-national insights.
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Rubio, Sónia Parella. "Immigrant women in paid domestic service. The case of Spain and Italy." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, no. 3 (August 2003): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900310.
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In the familistic welfare state regimes of Italy and Spain, the resurgence in live-in domestic work and the demand for migrant domestic workers is stronger than in other European countries. Organising and regulating services in order to help with the burden of caring for one's family is not an important objective of social policy in southern European countries. It is taken for granted that the family (‘women') is the main provider of social protection. In the absence of policy decisions in this field, the increase in local women's labour market participation in recent decades has led to households recruiting non-EU immigrant women in order to help them balance the needs of their family with the demands of paid employment. These immigrants constitute an enormous supply of low-cost labour and there is a shortage of local female workers in paid domestic work.
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Bikkinina, Dzhamilya. "The Discourse of Family Policy in Sociological Research." Социодинамика, no. 1 (January 2023): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2023.1.39299.
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The subject of the study is approaches to assessing the effectiveness and principles of implementing family policy in developed countries such as the United States of America, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Italy, Spain, Finland, etc. The main objective of this article is to compare the views of foreign authors and discourses of family policy, taking into account the diversity of approaches to family policy. Priority directions of family policy research in selected publications of foreign researchers were considered. For the analysis, the principles that allow to represent the discourse of family policy are identified. In this regard, the tasks were set to identify the concepts of family policy in the reviewed foreign articles for the formation of tools that allow: 1) to determine the general characteristics and features of various approaches to family policy of the modern welfare state, highlighted in the works of foreign authors, 2) to assess the unity of positions in the field of family policy. A methodological model called "semantic-structural" analysis was used, which is based on a combination of content analysis and the method of information-target analysis. The analysis of scientific articles by foreign authors allows us to conclude that there is a unified approach to family policy in the welfare states of Western Europe, Asia and North America. A common place in modern studies of family policy is the emphasis on the importance of economic measures associated with the work of family members, the possibility of strengthening the relationship between parents and children through the implementation of social policy measures. The conclusions of the study showed the ambivalence of family policy due to the lack of opportunity to form a unified doctrinal idea of evaluating the effectiveness of family policy measures. The question of assessing the effectiveness of appropriate measures, the priority of a "broad" approach in relation to solving problems within the family remains debatable.
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Martín-Quintana, Juan Carlos, Juan Carlos Martín, and Pedro F. Alemán. "The Effects of COVID-19 on Family Climate: A Fuzzy Clustering Approach to Examine Spanish Households." Social Sciences 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060239.
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Spain was one of the countries in which more severe lockdown policies were imposed during the second term of 2020 to mitigate the unprecedented health crisis. The measures restricted citizens’ mobility, obliging families to stay confined at homes for 99 days since 15 March 2020. The measures created a number of challenges that affect the family climate. This paper aims to empirically analyse how the family climate in Spain has been affected by COVID-19. The family climate assessment was based on an online questionnaire answered by 2034 citizens. A multi-criteria decision-making method rooted in fuzzy logic and TOPSIS, and a fuzzy clustering method, are applied to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 on the family climate. The fuzzy clustering method reveals that there are three different family climate profiles, namely (1) extreme positive, (2) extreme negative, and (3) intermediate. Our results show that some traits affect having a more or less positive family climate. The authors discuss the main contributions and the policy implications that could provide insights into future measures.
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Qamber, Rukhsana. "Family Matters." ISLAMIC STUDIES 60, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v60i3.1791.
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History has so far paid scant attention to Muslims in the earliest phase of colonizing the Americas. As a general policy, the Spanish Crown prohibited all non-Catholics from going to early Spanish America. Nevertheless, historians recognize that a few Muslims managed to secretly cross the Atlantic Ocean with the European settlers during the sixteenth century. Later they imported African Muslim slaves but historians considered both Africans and indigenous peoples passive participants in forming Latin American society until evidence refuted these erroneous views. Furthermore, the public had assumed that only single Spanish men went to the American unknown until historians challenged this view, and now women’s role is fully recognized in the colonizing enterprise. Additionally, despite the ban on non-Catholics, researchers found many Jews in the Americas, even if the Spanish Inquisition found out and killed almost all of them. In line with revisionist history, my research pioneers in three aspects. It demonstrates that Muslim men and women went to early Spanish America. Also, the Spanish Crown allowed Muslims to legally go to its American colonies. Additionally, the documents substantiate my new findings that Muslims went to sixteenth-century Latin America as complete families. They mostly proceeded out of Spain as the wards or servant-slaves of Spanish settlers after superficially converting to Catholicism. The present study follows two case studies that record Muslim families in early sixteenth-century Spanish America. Paradoxically, their very persecutor—the Spanish Church and its terrible Inquisitorial arm—established their contested belief in Islam.
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PIEDRA-MUÑOZ, LAURA, LAURA L. VEGA-LÓPEZ, EMILIO GALDEANO-GÓMEZ, and JOSÉ A. ZEPEDA-ZEPEDA. "DRIVERS FOR EFFICIENT WATER USE IN AGRICULTURE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FAMILY FARMS IN ALMERÍA, SPAIN." Experimental Agriculture 54, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000661.
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SUMMARYThis paper aims to determine the influence of family farming features on efficient use of water. The analysis focusses on a random sample of family farms in the province of Almería, southeast Spain. A hierarchical regression model was conducted to determine how the water efficiency is related to environmental awareness and certain characteristics of farmers, decision-makers and the family farm itself. The results show that these family farms strive to be more efficient in their use of water when they are going to be inherited, when there are younger decision-makers who have received a better education, and also when women are involved. Moreover, this efficiency is positively related to more ecological production and to the farmer's habitual behaviour with respect to water economy. The study provides evidence regarding the influences of socio-economic and environmental features of family farming on water use efficiency that may prove useful for other analyses and policy makers on water management in agriculture.
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Trofimets, I. A. "Public-legal significance of civil status acts in family sphere in Spain: problems of legislation and law enforcement." Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-3-86-90.
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In this article, the author, using the example of legislation and law enforcement activities in Spain, attempts to show that acts of a person's civil status, including those characterizing his marital status, have various legal consequences, both of a private and public nature. State registration of individual biographical and demographic characteristics of a person is necessary for his individualization and identification, as well as for ensuring the legal security of public relations. In addition, the registration of the population in the format of civil status records provides the state with the opportunity to form the correct demographic policy in society, budget planning in social and economic areas. In Spain, registry information in the field of civil status records is collected, processed, transmitted and submitted according to new rules that were gradually put into effect from 2017 to 2021. Currently, the civil register is an exclusively electronic information resource built on an extraterritorial basis, which provides many advantages to both state bodies and directly to citizens-applicants.
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Courbage, Christophe, Guillem Montoliu-Montes, and Joël Wagner. "The effect of long-term care public benefits and insurance on informal care from outside the household: empirical evidence from Italy and Spain." European Journal of Health Economics 21, no. 8 (July 11, 2020): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01215-7.
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Abstract This article uses cross-sectional data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) database to test the effect of both long-term care (LTC) public benefits and insurance on the receipt of informal care provided by family members living outside the household in Italy and Spain. The choice of Italy and Spain comes from the fact that informal care is rather similar in these two countries while their respective public LTC financing systems are different. Our results support the hypothesis of LTC public support decreasing the receipt of informal care for Spain while reject it for Italy. They tend to confirm that the effect of public benefits on informal care depends on the typology of public coverage for LTC whereby access to proportional benefits negatively influences informal care receipt while access to cash benefits exerts a positive effect. Our results also suggest that private LTC insurance complements the public LTC financing system in place.
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Monedero, Pablo José Abascal. "Family Laws in the European Union." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 19 (September 16, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2019.13.
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EU social policies should be complemented by contributing to a harmonious development of society, by reducing structural and regional imbalances, developing a balance between the a localized community and the national society, and improving the living standards of citizens and families of member states (Garrido 2002). Such important social policy principles as freedom and justice are addressed and represented in family laws in the EU regulations introduced during the period of 2000–2016. In this article, we studied the EU’s legal solutions in reference to national (Spain) laws on these matters: children and parental responsibility (adoption, child abduction, family benefits) and couples (matrimonial, regimes, prenuptial agreements, provisional measures). This legislation is necessary in the face of the proliferation of families whose members have different nationalities, and even in the mobilization of residences. Cooperation has intensified between national judicial authorities to ensure that legal decisions taken in one EU country are recognized and implemented in any other. This is highly important in civil cases, such as divorce, child custody, maintenance claims, or even bankruptcy and unpaid bills, when the individuals involved live in different countries. The development of family laws is one of the most important factors of family welfare in European countries.
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Caravaca-Sánchez, Francisco, Eva Aizpurua, and Andrew Stephenson. "Substance Use, Family Functionality, and Mental Health among College Students in Spain." Social Work in Public Health 36, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2020.1869134.
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Mira-Aladrén, Marta, Javier Martín-Peña, Gemma Sevillano Cintora, Antonio Celma Juste, and Marta Gil-Lacruz. "Childhood Cancer and the Family: A Pilot Proposal for Comprehensive Intervention at the Time of Diagnosis." Healthcare 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091790.
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Childhood cancer has a great impact on children and their environment. To minimize this, countries such as Canada and the USA have protocols in the field of social work, although these are scarce in Europe and especially in Spain. This paper aims to develop a pilot protocol in Aragon (Spain) for the practice of onco-pediatric social work in one of the hardest moments: the diagnosis. For its elaboration, a previous study was carried out in three phases, which provided data on the disease and its impact on the family and children and a methodological basis for the intervention from social work, all considering the participation of the agents involved as a fundamental element. Variables have been identified that influence the impact on the family support network and its quality of life at the time of diagnosis of childhood cancer. In addition, different indicators have been explored, based on the reality of these families. Finally, a pilot proposal for a comprehensive family intervention protocol in the diagnosis of childhood cancer has been elaborated. This work is intended to be a guide for intervention and delimitation of quality standards to be considered when dealing with the diagnosis of childhood cancer.
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Shulakov, A. A. "RUSSIAN FEDERATION PUBLIC POLICY INTERESTS AND INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION." Lex Russica, no. 11 (November 22, 2019): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.156.11.056-069.
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The article is devoted to the protection of the Russian Federation public policy interests in the field of intercountry adoption. It is established that strengthening of such protection entails changes in the legislation. Such changes are connected either with the super-mandatory character of already existing statutory mandatory substantive rules or with the emergence of new super-mandatory rules. In the field of intercountry adoption in Russia, this process is particularly striking. The study highlights that the general equation contained in Art. 1192 “Rules of direct application” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes two ways that allow by analogy to determine the super-mandatory nature of certain mandatory substantive rules stated in the Family Code of the Russian Federation: “by reference in the mandatory rules themselves” (the over-mandatory character of the rule is expressly determined by the legislator) or “because of their particular importance also for the protection of rights and legally protected interests” (the over-mandatory character of the rule is determined by the executor of law). It is concluded that the emergence of constitutionally significant values/public interests in the content of the mandatory substantive rule (“protection of morals, health, rights and legitimate interests of other family members and other citizens”, etc.) forms a criterion that allows the executor of the law to determine such rules as rules of over-mandatory character. Based on the analysis of international treaties of the Russian Federation on interstate cooperation in the field of adoption of children, the article defines the fundamental principles that make up the structure of intercountry adoption in the Russian Federation. It is established that the additional conditions and requirements of the state of child’s origin are included in the regulation of intercountry adoption (provisions of articles 165, 124-133 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation; provisions of bilateral treaties between Russia and European countries where more than 85% of Russian children are adopted (France, Italy, Spain)) to protect the interests of the RF public policy.
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Ballesta-Castillejos, Ana, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Julián Rodríguez-Almagro, and Antonio Hernández-Martínez. "Influence of Family Income Level on Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes in Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 5523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145523.
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For pregnant women, having a low family income status is associated with late prenatal attendance and an increased risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy, delivery, and immediately after delivery. However, the influence of the socioeconomic level on maternal and child health may be minimal as long as the health system model is able to neutralise health inequity. For this reason, the objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the socioeconomic level assessed through monthly household income and obstetric and perinatal outcomes in the Spanish Health System, where midwives play a relevant role. To meet this objective, a cross-sectional observational study aimed at women who have been mothers between 2013 and 2018 in Spain was developed. The final study population was 5942 women. No statistically significant differences with linear trend were found between income level and obstetric and perinatal outcomes after the adjustment by confounding factors (pregnancy composite morbidity, p = 0.447; delivery composite morbidity, p = 0.590; perinatal composite morbidity, p = 0.082; postpartum composite morbidity, p = 0.407). The main conclusion is that, in the current Spanish health system, household income as an indicator of socioeconomic status is not related to perinatal outcomes after the adjustment by confounding factors. These results are likely due to the public model of our health system that serves all citizens on equal footing, although other social and individual factors may have influenced these results
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Кашницкий, Илья Савельевич, Софья Ахманаева, Анна Бежанишвили, Никита Ганжа, Юлия Лонщикова, and Вадим Хрюков. "Демографический дайджест." Демографическое обозрение 5, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v5i1.7713.
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Zhang, J. The Evolution of China's One-Child Policy and Its Effects on Family Outcomes
Tropf, F. C., & Mandemakers, J. J. Is the Association Between Education and Fertility Postponement Causal? The Role of Family Background Factors.
Bongaarts, J., Mensch, B. S., & Blanc, A. K. Trends in the age at reproductive transitions in the developing world: The role of education
Wright, D. M., Rosato, M., & O'Reilly, D. Influence of Heterogamy by Religion on Risk of Marital Dissolution: A Cohort Study of 20,000 Couples
Reher, D., & Requena, M. Elderly women living alone in Spain: the importance of having children
Garcia-Roman, J., Flood, S., & Genadek, K. Parents' time with a partner in a cross-national context: A comparison of the United States, Spain, and France
Wahrendorf, M., Akinwale, B., Landy, R., Matthews, K., & Blane, D. Who in Europe Works beyond the State Pension Age and under which Conditions? Results from SHARE
Faggian, A., Rajbhandari, I., & Dotzel, K. R. The interregional migration of human capital and its regional consequences: a review
Xu, X., Li, Y., Liu, X., & Gan, W. Does religion matter to corruption? Evidence from China
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Ruiz-Palomo, Daniel, Julio Diéguez-Soto, Antonio Duréndez, and José António C. Santos. "Family Management and Firm Performance in Family SMEs: The Mediating Roles of Management Control Systems and Technological Innovation." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 3805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143805.
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The aim of this research is to analyze the mediating role of the use of management control systems (MCS) and the achievement of technological innovation (TI) in the relationship between family management and firm performance in family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A questionnaire was conducted by 617 managers of family SMEs in Spain, and our model was tested using partial least squares. Our findings show that both MCS and TI play crucial mediating roles in the understanding of the relationship between family management and firm performance. As a result, family-managed firms that utilize MCS and produce TI are much more likely to generate better performance. These results encourage family managers to use formal MCS because in that way they will contribute to obtaining better firm performance, directly and indirectly through TI. We focus on private family SMEs, because these specific firms contribute significantly to the economies worldwide. This paper contributes to resolve the controversy regarding the relationship between family management and firm performance introducing MCS and TI as mediating factors.
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Mínguez, Almudena Moreno. "Late Leaving of the Parental Home in Southern Europe: Lessons for Youth Policy." Comparative Sociology 15, no. 4 (July 29, 2016): 485–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341395.
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This article focuses on describing the late leaving of the parental home of young people in five European countries (Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Slovenia) from a cross country perspective. In order to achieve this objective, the author has identified several factors related to the late leaving of the parental home in relation to the age norms, the youth policy and the economical family support. The descriptive analysis uses data from various international statistical sources. Empirical evidence shows that there is a specific model of late leaving home in the Mediterranean countries related to the transitional regime model. The cultural factors and institutional factors may create conditions to postpone the transition to adulthood in southern Europe. The findings evidence a homogeneous cluster in southern Europe characterized by late leaving of the parental home, stability in the age norms, high intergenerational support through residential co-residence with parents and a reduced public support for young people.
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Shevel, Oxana. "The Politics of Memory in a Divided Society: A Comparison of Post-Franco Spain and Post-Soviet Ukraine." Slavic Review 70, no. 1 (2011): 137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.70.1.0137.
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Through a comparison of post-Franco Spain and post-Soviet Ukraine, Oxana Shevel examines state responses to the challenge of dealing with divided historical memory. Both countries embarked on the transition from authoritarian rule divided by the memory of the recent past, but each dealt with this similar challenge very differently. This article discusses Spain's “democratization of memory” policy centered on the state's refusal to define a common historical memory for the society as a whole and on the official recognition of the multiplicity of “personal and family” memories and examines why no comparable policy has emerged in Ukraine so far. Shevel considers the potential applicability of the Spanish solution to Ukraine in light of both social realities and theories of nation building, in particular the debate over whether national unity necessitates a cultural nation and shared collective memory, or whether unity in a democracy can be built on other foundations.
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González-Val, Rafael. "House Prices and Marriage in Spain." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 2848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052848.
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The aim of this study is to examine the link between house prices and marriage in Spain. We consider data from 50 Spanish provinces (NUTS III regions) and from local civil registries in 282 cities with populations greater than 25,000 inhabitants. The regional data cover the 1995–2018 period, whereas the local sample includes information from 2005 to 2018. The marriage rate is defined as the annual absolute number of marriages per thousand inhabitants in each region or city. We used data on Spain because the Spanish housing market experienced a strong rise in house prices until 2006, when the housing bubble ended and prices dramatically decreased. By using different econometric techniques (panel data models with fixed effects and dynamic panel data models), our results reveal that there is a significant negative relationship between house prices and the marriage rate at both the regional and local levels. Overall, this study highlights the important consequences of rising house prices on family formations. Therefore, public authorities should try to reduce fluctuations in house prices and to facilitate access to home ownership for young couples.
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Romero-Balsas, Pedro. "Fathers taking paternity leave in spain: which characteristics foster and which hampers the use of paternity leave?" SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 3 (March 2013): 106–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2012-su3006.
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There have been important changes in many European countries regarding parenting policy-making (OECD 2011). Paternity leave is one of this measures that have been implemented or developed in the last years. The Spanish paternity leave consists of fifteen days off-work fully paid after childbirth. Due to its recent implementation in 2007 we still do not know the percentage of paternity leave-takers and which factors foster the use of paternity leave. The aim of this paper is to evaluate which factors foster or constrain the use of paternity leave in Spain. Through a dataset of four thousand people, of which six hundred are potential paternity leave-takers, we have analysed which are the effects that working conditions, education, and gender role values have on the use of paternity leave. Our main findings are that being self-employed hampers fathers from taking paternity leave and having egalitarian roles related to childcare and family-oriented values have a positive significant relation with the use of paternity leave in Spain.
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D’Adamo, Falcone, Gastaldi, and Morone. "A Social Analysis of the Olive Oil Sector: The Role of Family Business." Resources 8, no. 3 (August 22, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030151.
Full textAbstract:
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most popular products in Mediterranean diet. Spain produces about 52% of olive oil with the presence of larger firms; Italy follows with a share of 9% and a production structure characterized instead by small family businesses. A social analysis, based on a multiple-questionnaire, has analyzed the perspectives of 500 consumers conferring their olives to a family-owned olive oil mills (OOMs). This work aims to assess the role of family business evaluating the opportunities associated with the development of circular economy (CE) models. Results show that Italian consumers’ preferences give attention to the use of natural resource and the olive oil is perceived as a natural product. In addition, family owned-OOMs provide a great sense of trust and the relevant role of family within the entire life cycle of olive oil is demonstrated. OOMs that work for residential market are strongly preferred to industrial ones being able to manage single lots of olives belonging to the same customers’ land. The recovery of some by-products represents an opportunity for OOMs and policy support is required to favor the needed generational change, whose absence is perceived as a serious obstacle to the future development of the sector along circularity principles.
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Martin-Cruz, Natalia, Ismael Barros Contreras, Juan Hernangómez Barahona, and Héctor Pérez Fernández. "Parents’ Learning Mechanisms for Family Firm Succession: An Empirical Analysis in Spain through the Lens of the Dynamic Capabilities Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 8220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198220.
Full textAbstract:
Succession is a concern for most family firms. The literature has addressed succession in family firms from different perspectives. However, there are still unaddressed questions concerning the microfoundations of succession, and there is a need to secure a better understanding of the succession process and what role parents play therein. Using the dynamic capabilities approach, we shed light on the influence of parents’ behaviors on successors’ intentions. In particular, the paper pursues a twofold aim; first, to analyze the effect of learning mechanisms that parents deliberately use with their children in the family firm on the succession dynamic capability; and second, to explore the impact of this dynamic capability of successor intention to continue in the family firm. We test the model on a sample of potential successors of family firms in Spain. Using partial least squares (PLS) for a sample of 9146 individuals, we confirm the positive impact of the use of parents’ deliberate learning mechanisms on succession dynamic capability and, in turn, the positive effect of the created succession dynamic capability on the successor’s intention to continue the family firm. Furthermore, we find that perceived self-efficacy fails to have any effect on successor intention.
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Olnova, Margarita. "IMPACT FACTORS IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE FOR MOTHER LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OUTSIDE THE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT." Russian Journal of Multilingualism and Education 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2500-0748-2019-11-29-39.
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The research presents the results of the European project “Leo Effect. Learn from each other effectively” (2013-2015), which involved five schools-participants: “Alliance Russe” (Nice, France), “Centre de développement bilingue LOGOS” (Paris, France), “Centro de Lengua y Cultura Rusa A. Pushkin” (Barselona, Spain), “Multiculturele Stichting “Poesjkin” (Leiden, The Netherland) and “Senter for russisk språk og kultur” (Oslo, Norway). The study aimed at investigating the policy of multilingualism, represented in official documents of the European Union and analyzing actual opportunities for immigrants to study their mother language in Norway, France, the Netherlands and Spain. The research is relevant as it provides a brief overview of the language policy of the European Union, and in particular Norway, France, the Netherlands and Spain, and analyses the existing opportunities for immigrants (or children of immigrants) to learn their native language in a new country of residence. In addition, it presents an analysis of the demand for knowledge of different languages (including Russian) in European countries. Research methods included analysis of the legal documents regulating the language policy, analysis of educational programmes in educational institutions of the country, questionnaires of students from the schools participating in the Leo “Effect. Learn from each other effectively,” monitoring of the labour market for the demand for knowledge of different languages (Russian, in particular). As a result of the project “Leo Effect. Learn from each other effectively” the external factors affecting acquisition of the mother tongue outside the language environment were studied. These factors include: the official language policy of the state governing the teaching of the mother tongue, the existing opportunities for learning the mother tongue in the country, the demand for knowledge of different languages on labor market, and the popularity of a particular language in a particular state. The study showed that the education of a multilingual citizen in Europe is basically a family task. State educational institutions do not provide enough support in the issue of teaching the mother tongue and reading and writing in the mother tongue are usually taught by commercial or non-profit organizations created by the immigrants themselves.
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Merodio, Guiomar, Mimar Ramis-Salas, Diana Valero, and Adriana Aubert. "How Much Is One Life Worth? The Right to Equity Healthcare for Improving Older Patients’ Health Infected by COVID-19." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2020): 6848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176848.
Full textAbstract:
Ageism has a tremendous negative impact on elderly persons and society. Discrimination against the elderly is a driver of health and social inequalities. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new social and health challenges regarding resource scarcity and shortfalls. Under these difficult circumstances, discourses excluding, and discrimination against, older people have aroused. This article gathers evidence on hospital healthcare experiences of older people infected by COVID-19 during the pandemic outbreak in Spain and it analyzes elements that have positively influenced older patients’ perceived health and well-being. We conducted nine qualitative in-depth interviews in Madrid—one of the regions of Spain most affected by COVID-19—with older people that were hospitalized and recovered from COVID-19, family members of old patients infected with COVID-19, and nurses that attended infected older patients. Findings show the challenging experiences faced by older people who were hospitalized due to COVID-19, on the one hand, and the relevance of transformative aspects related to family relationships, solidarity actions, and humanized care that overcame age discrimination, favoring social and equity healthcare for the elderly on the other hand.
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Gomez-Baya, Diego, Alicia Muñoz-Silva, and Francisco Jose Garcia-Moro. "Family Climate and Life Satisfaction in 12-Year-Old Adolescents in Europe." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155902.
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This research aimed to examine the association between life satisfaction and family climate indicators in 12-year-old European adolescents. Cross-sectional data from the second wave of the Children’s Worlds project—an international survey of children’s lives and well-being—were examined. Specifically, data from participating European countries were analyzed: i.e., Estonia, Spain, Germany, England, Romania, Norway, Poland, and Malta. This sample of 9281 adolescents (50.3% girls) filled in self-report measures of life satisfaction and some indicators of family climate. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed by country. Furthermore, a confirmatory model was tested to examine the association between family climate and life satisfaction. The results pointed out that having a good time together with family and being treated fairly by parents/carers were the indicators with the greatest positive effects on life satisfaction. In general, a more positive family climate was associated with higher life satisfaction among 12-year-old adolescents in the participating eight European countries.
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Santos, Clediane Nascimento, and Rosângela Custodio Cortez Thomaz. "DEVELOPMENT AND RURAL TOURISM." Mercator 21, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2022.e21016.
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This research studies the rural development public policy and the rural tourism activity in Rosana and Presidente Epitácio municipalities in São Paulo State/Brazil and Santiago de Compostela and Padrón municipalities in Galicia/Spain. Thus, the general objective is to analyze the tourism territorialization process in rural areas and compare public policies for rural development based on case studies in the Pontal do Paranapanema region in the State of São Paulo and the Autonomous Community of Galicia/SP. The methodological procedures used comparative analysis, highlighting the experience of two Spanish municipalities, Santiago de Compostela and Padrón, to draw similarities and differences with the Brazilian cases. The main results obtained in Brazil derived from the actions of the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture (PRONAF). The research in Santiago de Compostela and Padrón identified the presence of rural tourism houses, which were restored through subsidies from European Union rural development policies. Keywords: Tourism in the Countryside. Local Development Public Policy.
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Sánchez-Romero, Cristina, Eva María Muñoz-Jiménez, Isabel Martínez-Sánchez, and María del Carmen López-Berlanga. "Coping Strategies in the Family and School Ecosystem." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 6118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156118.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the present study is to study children’s coping strategies used when faced with different stressors in their daily life (problems with their school work, problems getting along with other children and problems at home with people in their family), in a vulnerable social environment. This objective was evaluated through the Child Coping Questionnaire. The research for this study was conducted through a descriptive, inferential, quantitative, ex post facto design. The sample consisted of 50 schoolchildren from one suburban primary school in Madrid, Spain. The ages of the children range from 8 to 11 years. At present, almost 25% families are in a vulnerable situation. This instrument measures 14 coping categories that analyse positive and self-effective attitudes to favour socio-communicative processes and decision-making in situations of conflict between students. The results indicate that what bothers children the most is, first of all, problems getting along with other children (35.8%), problems with their school work (30.2%) and problems at home with people in their family (24.5%). Regarding their lifestyle outside the school environment and relationship with their family, 38% of participants spend a lot of time outside their home, according to our findings. This result can explain the difficulties in completing their homework that these children have. This can also trigger a curricular gap compared to their reference group, which can sometimes lead to school failure.
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Borderías, Cristina. "Conflict over Women’s Working Times on the Eve of Industrialisation: Spanish Social Reformers’ Surveys at the End of the Nineteenth Century." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 15, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.20443.
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During the last two decades of the nineteenth century, Spain experienced growing social instability. The worsening working conditions stimulated social conflict and the rise of the labour movement. In this context, the first voices in favour of state intervention in conflicts between capital and labour arose among the reformist intellectual elite. One of the first social policy measures undertaken by the state was the creation, in 1883, of the Comisión de Reformas Sociales (Commission for Social Reforms, CRS) as a consultative and advisory institution of the government on social issues. Under the influence of positivist methods of empirical sociology, the commission’s first initiative was to conduct a survey with the objective of undertaking a detailed diagnosis of the living conditions of the working population. Changing gender relations in the family and labour market, especially the conflicts over the use of women’s time, was one of the central questions in this survey. Thus, its results allow us to analyse both the discourses – by social reformers and other social groups – and the social practices of women at work in different sectors and in different parts of Spain.
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Garín-Muñoz, Teresa, Teodosio Pérez-Amaral, and Rafael López. "Consumer engagement in e-Tourism: Micro-panel data models for the case of Spain." Tourism Economics 26, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 853–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619852880.
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This article analyzes the consumer’s adoption of the Internet for information or shopping of tourist services. Based on the Surveys on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Households, by the National Statistics Institute of Spain, a micro-panel database (2008–2016) is constructed. Using this database and random effects logistic models, the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on the individual’s adoption of the Internet for tourism purposes is estimated. The results indicate that education, family size, digital skills, income, habitat, and employment situation are all significant for explaining the online booking of transportation or accommodation services; however, gender and age are not significant for the case of transportation. Differences between online buyers of tourism services and individuals who only look for information (bookers vs. lookers) are highlighted. Policy recommendations and business strategies are suggested, either to enhance e-Tourism or to increase the conversion rates of lookers into bookers.
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Rivo-López, Elena, Mónica Villanueva-Villar, Sofía Novoa-Santos, and María Isabel Doval-Ruiz. "Does COVID-19 Change CSR? A Family Business Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 13954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413954.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the #Damos La Cara (“Let’s show our face”) initiative, which is an initiative promoted by the Instituto de la Empresa Familiar, the most representative organization of family businesses in Spain. This analysis allowed us to characterize the Spanish family business and to analyze their reactions and interventions in the face of the crisis posed by COVID-19 from the perspective of CSR. The methodology used consisted of a content analysis, viewing 127 videos wherein family members presented their companies and the activities carried out to improve their relations with their employees and their environment. The conclusions reached allowed us to affirm that they were mostly second- and third-generation companies from the manufacturing sector; the most repeated actions were social commitment to their workers (internal) and the donation of medical materials (corporate). To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that an analysis of these characteristics had been carried out in the field of family businesses. This analysis showed the intense philanthropic activity carried out by Spanish family businesses, not only in emergencies but also as a regular activity and as a consequence of their values and long-term vision.
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Yamada, Masanobu. "Empirical study of Brazilian diaspora religious practice in Spain." Impact 2021, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.3.54.
Full textAbstract:
Globalisation is inextricably linked to capitalism. One reality of an increasingly globalised world is that cultural diversity and differences are at the forefront of governmental policy in countries around the world. This places renewed emphasis on the concept of 'other' and creates disharmony within society. However, the future of humankind depends on appreciating and accepting diversity and forging connections. For Masanobu Yamada, Department of Area Studies, Faculty of International Studies, Tenri University, Japan, such connections can be achieved through religion, which can provide security, a sense of belonging and cultural connections. Yamada is interested in religious studies and is investigating how religion can transcend national borders and create a sense of community. Key to Yamada's research is religions that were formed in Japan and later expanded into Latin America, and religions that were disseminated by Brazilian immigrants in Japan and Europe, with cultural activities propagating from the region of origin and moving across global borders. Yamada has also discovered instances where the beliefs being propagated by people on the move have also been promoted by people remaining in their home country. He is interested in unravelling institutional-level dynamism and believer-led dynamics. He is keen to explore the transformations experienced by people who emigrated abroad and their family and friends who remained in Brazil, with a focus on connections through religious values and how this contributed to the creation of a new culture.
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De Andres-Sanchez, Jorge, Angel Belzunegui-Eraso, and Sonia Fernández-Aliseda. "Religion as a Protective Factor Against Adolescent Smoking Habits: Evidence from Spain." Christian Journal for Global Health 8, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v8i2.579.
Full textAbstract:
Background: There are a wide number of assessments suggesting that being a member of a religious community inhibits adolescents’ risky behaviours and, consequently, can act as a protective factor against the consumption of smoking substances.
Methods: We have analysed a structured questionnaire answered by 1935 adolescents from Tarragona (Spain).
Results: We have found that variables linked to family were the principal explanatory factors of adolescents’ smoking habits. Living with two parents was a protective factor against tobacco and cannabis use since its Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) was clearly below 1 (p<0.01). So, whereas living with one parent showed an IRR>1 (p<0.05), adolescents that live without parents presented an IRR close 2 (p<0.05 for tobacco and p<0.01 for cannabis). However, having a religious confession also influence smoking substance use in adolescents (IRR close 0.85 with p<0.01).
Conclusion: We found a clear preventive effect in belonging to a religious community. Moreover, this protective effect was less intense, but not statistically significant, for Catholics than for members of other confessions.
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Curado, Carla, and António Mota. "A Systematic Literature Review on Sustainability in Family Firms." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073824.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we explore the research published from 2015 to 2020 on the importance of family firms (FFs) to sustainability. Our results come from a content analysis of 28 studies on this topic. Further, they deal with small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry in Italy and Spain. These studies mainly follow a quantitative approach with data from a survey. This study’s main contribution regards the identification of three sorts of aspects associated to sustainability in FFs which match the three pillars of the triple bottom line approach that supports sustainable business development: social inclusion, economic development, and environmental protection. Our findings show that the family’s religiosity, reputation, and image play relevant roles in the FFs’ adoption of sustainable practices. Moreover, the CEO and their successor’s choices also have consequences for sustainability. These studies demonstrate how the family’s control, its values, and the industry influence the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. FFs go green by adopting eco-innovation to adapt to the constantly changing environment and market pressures. We acknowledge the limitations of the study. We offer advice to colleagues when developing future futures studies to address the influence of cultural differences between FFs and non-FFs and suggest they perform comparative analyses. This research could lead to further investigation of the effects of other variables that may influence sustainability in the context of FFs.
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Bagán, Gema, Ana M. Tur-Porcar, and Anna Llorca. "Learning and Parenting in Spanish Environments: Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, and Self-Concept." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 22, 2019): 5193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195193.
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The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development is related to improvements in people’s quality of life in different environments, including the family. Based on this theoretical approach, this study explores the relationships between parenting styles (maternal and paternal support, control, and neglect) and prosocial behavior, aggression, and self-concept of children from Spain aged 4–7 years (M = 5.81; DS = 1.05). Participants were 635 boys and girls (53.7% boys; 46.3% girls) from Valencia and Castellón (Spain). Most parents had low educational levels and low-qualified, temporary jobs. Over 82% of participants were from Spain. The other participants were from Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. The results indicate that maternal support and control have the strongest relationships with children’s prosocial behavior, aggression, and self-concept, fundamentally as predictors of self-concept and aggression. According to children’s perceptions, maternal parenting plays a more prominent role than paternal parenting. Authoritarian and neglectful parenting at these ages seems to be perceived less negatively than at other ages, and the effects of such parenting may arise at a later age. Furthermore, prosocial behavior and self-concept curb aggression. These results can support the design of interventions in childhood.
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Cano-López, Leticia, Yolanda María De la Fuente-Robles, Virginia Fuentes, María Aranda, and Macarena Espinilla-Estévez. "How Does the Family Influence the Process of Transition to Adulthood? A Comparative Study of Young People with and without Family Ties in Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168919.
Full textAbstract:
The transition to adulthood is a process that brings childhood to an end and turns the individual into a young adult. This process is characterised by the acquisition of new roles for young people, roles linked to the development of personal autonomy that culminate in their emotional and functional independence. The aim of this study was to ascertain how young people with family ties and youths without family support perceive and understand their emancipation process. The study also sought to identify the extent to which family provides support during the emancipation process. The research design was qualitative and used the focus group technique for data collection. The total sample consisted of 12 participants (seven males and five females) with an average age of 18. Five of them were minors in the custody of the State, and seven were young adults in a regular family environment. The information collected was analysed using Atlas.ti software. The results highlighted the existence of difficulties and barriers among young people (with and without family ties) related to psychological problems, difficulties in choosing training, finding a job and, in short, emancipation. However, young people with healthy social ties and family stability during their childhood had more support for an effective transition to independent adulthood compared to young people without family ties.
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Benito-Hernández, Sonia, Cristina López-Cózar-Navarro, and Tiziana Priede-Bergamini. "Influence of Government Support on Proactive Environmental Strategies in Family Firms." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 13973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413973.
Full textAbstract:
Scholars have dedicated significant efforts to understanding the factors that influence the environmental strategy of a firm, in order to mitigate the negative impacts on the ecosystem. Learning more about the factors that encourage environmental behavior allows managers and policy makers to improve action and advance correctly in this direction. Despite this academic interest, the literature regarding family business has undertaken limited attention over the issue. Hence, our paper aims to advance in this line of research, by empirically examining the relationship between government support in family firms and their investment in environmental protection. Specifically, we intend to analyze whether the family nature, and the government financial support, influence their environmental strategy. The empirical analysis is developed with a sample of 1802 manufacturing firms in Spain, using a binary logistic regression to evaluate the existence of dependency relationships between the analyzed variables. The results show this dependency, confirming family nature and government support as significant factors for a proactive environmental strategy, funding the idea that family character positively affects environmental performance in line with the socio-emotional wealth approach, and these differences are greater if the company operates mainly in a local area. Likewise, family firms that receive state direct and indirect funding, invest more in environmental issues to mitigate negative external impacts. The practical implications of the results obtained are especially useful for managers of family businesses as well as for central governments and local institutions as a matter of reflection. To reduce administrative processes and costs for family firms in terms of direct and indirect support is of great importance, as an inadequate process may become a barrier to develop environmental strategies.
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Sanchez-Famoso, Valeriano, Jorge-Humberto Mejia-Morelos, and Luis Cisneros. "New Insights into Non-Listed Family SMEs in Spain: Board Social Capital, Board Effectiveness, and Sustainable Performance." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030814.
Full textAbstract:
This study proposes an original structural model that analyzes the relationship between sustainable firm performance, and a board of directors’ external and internal social capital. Data collected in 232 non-listed and family-run small and medium-sized enterprises in Spain suggest that the effects of boards’ internal and external social capital on sustainable firm performance were partially transmitted through board effectiveness. However, external social capital influences board effectiveness and sustainable firm performance more than internal social capital. Moreover, interlocks only reinforce the relationship between a board’s external social capital and its effectiveness. Our research offers the following main contributions: (1) A proposed structural theoretical model, (2) a focus on both internal and external social capital, unlike previous literature that emphasized only one perspective, and (3) empirical evidence that supports literature on the interlocking interaction between a boards’ internal and external social capital.
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Rajmil, Luis, Barbara Starfield, Antoni Plasència, and Andreu Segura. "The Consequences of Universalizing Health Services: Children's Use of Health Services in Catalonia." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 4 (October 1998): 777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/my1v-972v-u7ca-ve6p.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the role of needs and social factors in the use of health services among children under age 15 in Catalonia, Spain, where health care reform was explicitly designed to facilitate universal access to primary care according to health needs. Data from the Catalan Health Interview Survey of 1994, a multistage probability sample (2,433 children under 15 years old), were analyzed. Multiple regression examined the relationship between health needs and number of visits in the last year, controlling for the effect of sociodemographic characteristics. Two logistic regression equations were selected to predict heavy (more than seven visits per year) and light (less than two visits) utilization of services. The multiple regression model explained 14.3 percent of the variance in number of visits, with health status perception, disability, reported chronic condition, restriction of activities, and having had a recent accident by far the most important determinants. No familial socioeconomic characteristics, including social class, education, or family size, influenced the extent of use. In contrast to health systems not designed to achieve either universal access according to need or strong primary care, universal access to health services in Catalonia appears to enhance the use of services among children with health needs, regardless of socioeconomic characteristics.
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Giménez‐Bertomeu, Domenech‐López, Mateo‐Pérez, and de‐Alfonseti‐Hartmann. "Empirical Evidence for Professional Practice and Public Policies: An Exploratory Study on Social Exclusion in Users of Primary Care Social Services in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234600.
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This study examines the social exclusion characteristics of a sample of users of primary care social services in two local entities in Spain. The objective of this study was to identify the intensity and scope of social exclusion in an exploratory way and to look at the typology of existing exclusionary situations to inform policy making and professional practice. Data from 1009 users were collected by primary care social services professionals, completing the Social Exclusion Scale of the University of Alicante (SES-UA). The dimensions with the greatest levels of social exclusion in the study population were those related to work/employment, income and education and training. The dimensions with an intermediate level of exclusion were those related to housing and social isolation. Social acceptance, family and social conflict and health were the dimensions with the lowest levels of exclusion. The analysis also showed the existence of five significantly different groups, that showed five different life trajectories along the continuum between social exclusion and social inclusion. The results show the importance and utility of developing professional and policy intervention protocols based on research evidence, with the objective of improving the quality of life of the users.
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Suárez, Rafael, Rocío Escandón, Ramón López-Pérez, Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez, Tillmann Klein, and Sacha Silvester. "Impact of Climate Change: Environmental Assessment of Passive Solutions in a Single-Family Home in Southern Spain." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 2914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082914.
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According to the IPCC Climate Change projections by 2050 temperatures in southern Spain will have increased noticeably during the summer. Housing—in its current form—will not be able to provide a suitable response to this new climate scenario, and will in turn prompt an increase in cooling energy consumption and a series of problems relating to health and comfort. The DesignBuilder simulation tool was used to quantify the impact of this future climate scenario on energy demand, as well as its effect under free-running conditions on indoor temperature. Different passive conditioning strategies were evaluated to establish their influence on the indoor comfort conditions. The case study examined a theoretical single-family residential unit model in order to establish guidelines for the pre-selection of the most suitable passive solutions. The results show that passive conditioning strategies analysed (envelope treatment, solar gain protection and night-time natural ventilation) reduce energy demand and indoor temperatures, thus increasing energy efficiency and improving indoor comfort conditions. Therefore, these passive conditioning strategies reduce the cooling energy consumption.
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Sánchez-Pujalte, Laura, María Teresa Gómez-Domínguez, Ana Soto-Rubio, and Diego Navarro-Mateu. "Does the School Really Support My Child? SOFIA: An Assessment Tool for Families of Children with SEN in Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197879.
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The integration of the family in educating their children allows for the optimization of educational intervention. Despite its relevance, there is not much research aimed at collecting the voice of the families of students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) about their relationship with the school system. The present study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire of the family perception of the support received from the educational system, the Satisfaction of Family in Inclusive Education Assessment (SOFIA) Questionnaire, conformed of 26 indicators. Analyses of the psychometric properties of the instrument support that they are good for use in this area. Specifically, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support the internal structure of the instrument (confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) = SBχ2 = 607.11, p < 0.001; χ2/df = 2.07; Comparative Adjustment Index (IFC) = 0.902; Incremental Adjustment Index (IFI) = 0.903; the root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) = 0.071) in the same way, all dimension showed adequate reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.91 to 0.94; CR ranged from 0.91 to 0.95). The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) results also showed adequate results (0.55 to 0.68). Our research results indicate that the SOFIA Questionnaire’s psychometric properties are adequate for the Spanish context. The SOFIA Questionnaire is presented as a valid and reliable instrument to collect the families’ perception of the support they receive from the educational system.
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Lorence, Bárbara, Cristina Nunes, Susana Menéndez, Javier Pérez-Padilla, and Victoria Hidalgo. "Adolescent Perception of Maternal Practices in Portugal and Spain: Similarities and Differences." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155910.
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The aim of this study was to compare parenting in two southern European countries, Spain and Portugal, according to adolescent perceptions from a situated perspective. A total of 445 Portuguese (58.88%) and Spanish (41.12%) adolescents completed a questionnaire about maternal practices and provided socio-demographic information. Portuguese and Spanish mothers were more responsive than coercive in controlling adolescents’ compliance and non-compliance situations. Spanish mothers scolded, revoked privileges, and punished physically more often than Portuguese mothers, who used dialogue more often. Multivariate analysis showed three groups of parenting practices. Portuguese mothers were represented mainly in the Indulgent group (81.70%), and Spanish mothers in the Authoritative group (74.40%), whereas the third group (Neglectful) was independent of the country of origin. These results support the theory that research and family intervention should recognize cultural aspects in order to grasp the parenting process.