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Journal articles on the topic 'Family policy – Italy'
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1
Buccianti, Giovanni Liberati. "Private Autonomy and Family Public Policy in Italy." Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2022.27.03.13.
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Abstract The article deals with the general clause of public policy in Italian family law. It analyses the recent case-law application of both international and internal public policy in the Italian legal system. Nowadays, public policy is used for protecting and developing the fundamental rights of individuals in the EU space. However, the content of this general clause is debated, and there are several theses (e.g. constitutional, discretionary, globalized public policy). Adhering to one concept rather than another has different consequences. Think, for example, of the recognition of double paternity acquired abroad through a surrogacy contract. Moreover, family public policy can be viewed both as public policy of the family (a general clause that protects the family rather than its members) and public policy in the family (a general clause that protects the fundamental rights of the individuals rather than the family). Subsequently, the article analyses prenuptial and postnuptial agreements in Italy. Italian jurisprudence considers both agreements invalid because they are in contradiction to public policy. The article suggests that families can use the contractual instrument. However, personal and patrimonial clauses in domestic family agreements need to be compatible both with the public policy of the family and public policy in the family. Ultimately, public policy becomes a tool attributed to ordinary judges for guaranteeing widespread constitutional legality.
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Fausto, Domenicantonio. "Family Allowances and Family Policy: the Italian Case." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 16, no. 2 (October 1, 1998): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907783166.
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Abstract In 1936 Italy adopted a family allowance system which was employment-based and financed by a payroll tax. On time, the system moved in the direction of providing allowances for all families. However, since the early 1980's, a particularly significant trend has been to target family allowances towards low-income families. In more recent times, a fundamental change has been suggested towards a system closely resembling public assistance, giving more room to the income tax treatment of the family. The paper tries to advance arguments in favour of a family policy based on the combination of lump-sum child allowances (not income-tested) with progressive taxation.
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Swift, Lynette. "FAMILY POLICY, FAMILY CHANGES: SWEDEN, ITALY AND BRITAIN COMPARED - by Patricia Morgan." Economic Affairs 26, no. 4 (December 2006): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2006.681_7.x.
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Riva, Egidio. "Familialism reoriented: continuity and change in work–family policy in Italy." Community, Work & Family 19, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2015.1024610.
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Miyazaki, Rie. "Long-Term Care and the State–Family Nexus in Italy and Japan—The Welfare State, Care Policy and Family Caregivers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 22, 2023): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032027.
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This study aims to identify the state–family nexus in long-term care (LTC) provision for older adults in Italy and Japan which have been considered to be a familialistic welfare state and the most ageing societies in the world. Based on the more developed theoretical approach of the familialism–defamilialization continuum of care, represented by Saraceno (2016), the public policy systems as well as the LTC provision and the work–LTC reconciliation of family caregivers in particular, were compared between Italy and Japan. While both countries have lower level of institutional care, and particularly high proportions of family caregivers with relatively heavy care burdens, the share of cash-based and home care as well as the age range and family relationship of family caregivers significantly differ. Focusing on the peculiarities of LTC that the state–(market) –family cannot always be clearly separated, this study identified that the size of public expenditure, i.e., the role of the state does not immediately lead to a defamililization of care. This can contribute to the policy making for care provision and work–LTC reconciliation in several countries that will become super-aging societies in the coming decades.
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Blome, Agnes. "Normative Beliefs, Party Competition, and Work-Family Policy Reforms in Germany and Italy." Comparative Politics 48, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 479–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5129/001041516819197610.
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Rubio, Sónia Parella. "Immigrant women in paid domestic service. The case of Spain and Italy." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, no. 3 (August 2003): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900310.
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In the familistic welfare state regimes of Italy and Spain, the resurgence in live-in domestic work and the demand for migrant domestic workers is stronger than in other European countries. Organising and regulating services in order to help with the burden of caring for one's family is not an important objective of social policy in southern European countries. It is taken for granted that the family (‘women') is the main provider of social protection. In the absence of policy decisions in this field, the increase in local women's labour market participation in recent decades has led to households recruiting non-EU immigrant women in order to help them balance the needs of their family with the demands of paid employment. These immigrants constitute an enormous supply of low-cost labour and there is a shortage of local female workers in paid domestic work.
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Bikkinina, Dzhamilya. "The Discourse of Family Policy in Sociological Research." Социодинамика, no. 1 (January 2023): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2023.1.39299.
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The subject of the study is approaches to assessing the effectiveness and principles of implementing family policy in developed countries such as the United States of America, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Italy, Spain, Finland, etc. The main objective of this article is to compare the views of foreign authors and discourses of family policy, taking into account the diversity of approaches to family policy. Priority directions of family policy research in selected publications of foreign researchers were considered. For the analysis, the principles that allow to represent the discourse of family policy are identified. In this regard, the tasks were set to identify the concepts of family policy in the reviewed foreign articles for the formation of tools that allow: 1) to determine the general characteristics and features of various approaches to family policy of the modern welfare state, highlighted in the works of foreign authors, 2) to assess the unity of positions in the field of family policy. A methodological model called "semantic-structural" analysis was used, which is based on a combination of content analysis and the method of information-target analysis. The analysis of scientific articles by foreign authors allows us to conclude that there is a unified approach to family policy in the welfare states of Western Europe, Asia and North America. A common place in modern studies of family policy is the emphasis on the importance of economic measures associated with the work of family members, the possibility of strengthening the relationship between parents and children through the implementation of social policy measures. The conclusions of the study showed the ambivalence of family policy due to the lack of opportunity to form a unified doctrinal idea of evaluating the effectiveness of family policy measures. The question of assessing the effectiveness of appropriate measures, the priority of a "broad" approach in relation to solving problems within the family remains debatable.
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Fugazzola, Caterina. "A Family Matter Asymmetrical Metonymy and Regional LGBT Discourse in Italy." European Journal of Sociology 60, no. 3 (December 2019): 351–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000397561900016x.
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AbstractIn this project, I use the LGBT movement in Italy as a case study to investigate how social movements in culturally diverse social environments strategically employ contentious language to develop discourses that maximize cultural and policy outcomes without encountering discursive fragmentation. My research shows that supporters of LGBT civil rights in different Italian regions relied on a tactical use of particular words in order to respond to regionally specific norms of cultural expression regulating the boundaries drawn around the concept of family. Taking a cultural and linguistic approach to the study of social movements, I present the mechanism of asymmetrical metonymy as an example of the strategic use of polysemic language to achieve discursive convergence through culturally specific tactics, and I argue that discourse and rhetorical analysis offer a way to understand how movements make sense of different cultural limitations in a fragmented social environment.
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De Rosa, Marcello, and Gerard McElwee. "An empirical investigation of the role of rural development policies in stimulating rural entrepreneurship in the Lazio Region of Italy." Society and Business Review 10, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-08-2014-0041.
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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to provide an analysis of the adoption of Rural Development Policies (Rdp) as the result of entrepreneurial behaviours carried out by family farms with a focus on the Lazio Region of Italy. Family farming is the backbone of the European model of agriculture. Rdp provide family farms with a set of opportunities which, if well exploited, could drum up farm’s development. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical analysis of a data base provided by the Lazion region of Italy on the adoption of Rdp by family farms in the Lazio region for the period of 2007-2013. Cluster analysis is the main analytical tool used. Findings – The results evidence significant differences in the adoption of rural policy on the basis of family life cycle and the composition of the family farm. The empirical analysis underlines the low degree of coherence by farms located in rural areas. Practical implications – Farmers’ success in accessing funds requires them to be proactive and take a strategic perspective to convince funders that they have a coherent strategy which meets the requirements of the particular Rdp which they are trying to access. Social implications – In terms of policy, a more nuanced understanding of the entrepreneurial nature of some practices in a rural setting and how they require multi-agency investigation. Originality/value – The paper is unique, in that it considers the consumption of policy by farmers who are entrepreneurial in their vision. By consumption of Rdp, we mean the farmer’s strategic capability to obtain funds from regional funding pots for rural development.
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Laffranchini, Giacomo, and Mike Braun. "Slack in family firms: evidence from Italy (2006-2010)." Journal of Family Business Management 4, no. 2 (October 7, 2014): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-04-2013-0011.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between available slack and firm performance in Italian family-controlled public firms (FCPFs) from 2006 to 2010. In addition the authors analyze the moderating effects of specific board structure variables on the relationship between slack resources and firms’ performance. Design/methodology/approach – A pooled cross-section of family and non-family publicly traded firms was drawn from COMPUSTAT global and matched with corporate governance and family firm variables hand-collected from companies’ standard profiles from Italy's primary stock exchange, Borsa Italiana. The hypotheses were tested using the feasible generalized least square method in order to analyze the data from 583 firms-observations, controlling for self-selection bias and reverse causality. Findings – The study shows that FCPFs with available slack experience less than proportionate increases in performance, suggesting a concave curvilinear slack-performance relationship. However, the slack-performance relationship is contingent on board independence and board size: greater board independence and larger boards in FCPFs relate to higher performance when the firm lacks or has too much slack available. The findings suggest that a balanced approach of oversight and stewardship helps families to make better resources allocation, to the benefit of outside shareholders as well. Research limitations/implications – The slack measure was restricted to available slack. Future studies can expand this research inquiry with other forms of slack, including potential and recoverable slack. The sample included only publicly traded family and non-family firms, thereby limiting the generalizability of the findings to other types of family enterprises. Lastly, the results only attend to the slack-performance relationship by controlling whether the firm's performance is below or above the industry average. Practical implications – Policy makers and non-family stakeholders may rely on the findings better understand the factors that can alter the family's propensity for risks and its related strategic decisions in the Italian context. Procedures to fully monitor family management's decision making or, at the other extreme, to give the family free reign are likely to disadvantage families, their business, and their outside stakeholders. Originality/value – The study reconciles the debate on the role of slack on firms’ performance by proposing a curvilinear relationship. The study is one of only a handful of research inquiries centrally addressing the role of slack in family-owned businesses, and the only analysis focussed on Italian FCPFs.
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Hemström, Örjan. "Informal Alcohol Control in Six EU Countries." Contemporary Drug Problems 29, no. 3 (September 2002): 577–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090202900305.
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This article describes differences between Finland, Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, France and Italy regarding having influenced someone to drink less alcohol. Representative samples of around 1,000 respondents 18–64 years old in each country were analyzed. Informal alcohol control was measured by questions on whether the respondent reported having influenced someone in any of eight categories of family members and friends to drink less. People in Italy significantly more often reported having pressured someone to drink less (38%) compared with the average rate (32%). In multivariate logistic regressions, people in France and Sweden were significantly less likely to report this. The higher rate in Italy was due to Italian men's high likelihood of trying to persuade both friends and family members to drink less compared with men in other countries. Differences among these six European countries regarding informal control of alcohol appear to be greater among men than among women.
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Bailey, Adrian J., Dušan Drbohlav, and Dagmara Dzúrová. "Migrant Remitting as Transnational Practice: Moldovans in Italy and Czechia." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211016457.
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We examine the relationship between the social practice of migrant remitting and the transnational field connecting Moldova with Italy and Czechia. Using data from a harmonized migrant survey, we estimate ordinal regression models and distinguish two remitting practices. Family remitting is organized around a set of routinized activities and communications that support the survival needs of families, while civil remitting contributes to the long-term development of civil society. These practices are associated with ongoing engagements with the transnational field and differentiated by duration overseas and legal status. Our findings confirm the importance of studying the transnational context of remitting and suggest that migration-development policy should recognize remittances as long-term social practices rather than transactions.
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PRINCIPI, ANDREA, GIOVANNI LAMURA, CRISTINA SIROLLA, LIZ MESTHENEOS, BARBARA BIEŃ, JAYNE BROWN, BARBRO KREVERS, MARIA GABRIELLA MELCHIORRE, and HANNELI DÖHNER. "Work restrictions experienced by midlife family care-givers of older people: evidence from six European countries." Ageing and Society 34, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12000967.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines differences in work restrictions of midlife family carers of older people in terms of prevalence, gender and explanatory variables, in six European countries: Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom. A sample of 2,897 carers aged 45–64 was extracted from the EUROFAMCARE (Services for Supporting Family Carers of Older People in Europe: Characteristics, Coverage and Usage) European project database, in order to analyse four possible work restrictions experienced in connection with the activity of care-giving: the reduction of working hours; giving up working; difficulties in career developments and forced occasional work. The results show that work restrictions are experienced differently between countries especially by women: they are reported to a higher degree in the United Kingdom, Germany and Greece, less so in Italy, and seldom in Poland and Sweden. Gender differences within countries are not so marked. Country differences are explained in the light of the different welfare regimes characterising the countries under investigation, in order to elucidate how policy makers may act to improve working carers' conditions through appropriate policies.
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Tronca, Luigi. "Social capital and health." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (June 2012): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2011-003009en.
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This paper provides a sociological overview of the concept of social capital and explores how it is related to the notion of health. The theoretical section of the study addresses the issue of an operational definition of social capital and conducts detailed analysis of the dimensions and forms of the concept that stand out in terms of importance in the field of health research. It also takes into consideration the most significant causal mechanisms identified between social capital and health outcomes. The empirical part of the paper features analysis of data on the connection between social capital and self-perceived health, collected during the first survey conducted in Italy by the Osservatorio sulle Strategie di Consumo delle Famiglie (Observatory on Consumption Strategies in the Family). The survey shows that community social capital, generally expressed in terms of family trust, may, depending on the subject's social milieu of origin, not play any role in determining the level of self-perceived health in Italy. Alternatively, it may play either of two roles, acting as a multiplier or a substitute with regard to positive causal processes determined by parameters of a socio-demographic nature.
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Tronca, Luigi. "Capitale sociale e salute." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (June 2012): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2011-003009.
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This paper provides a sociological overview of the concept of social capital and explores how it is related to the notion of health. The theoretical section of the study addresses the issue of an operational definition of social capital and conducts detailed analysis of the dimensions and forms of the concept that stand out in terms of importance in the field of health research. It also takes into consideration the most significant causal mechanisms identified between social capital and health outcomes. The empirical part of the paper features analysis of data on the connection between social capital and self-perceived health, collected during the first survey conducted in Italy by the Osservatorio sulle Strategie di Consumo delle Famiglie (Observatory on Consumption Strategies in the Family). The survey shows that community social capital, generally expressed in terms of family trust, may, depending on the subject's social milieu of origin, not play any role in determining the level of self-perceived health in Italy. Alternatively, it may play either of two roles, acting as a multiplier or a substitute with regard to positive causal processes determined by parameters of a socio-demographic nature.
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Simone, Barbara, Mariachiara Ippolito, Pasquale Iozzo, Francesco Zuccaro, Antonino Giarratano, Maurizio Cecconi, Alexis Tabah, and Andrea Cortegiani. "Variation in Communication and Family Visiting Policies in Italian Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Secondary Analysis of the COVISIT International Survey." Healthcare 11, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050669.
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Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions to in-person visiting of caregivers to patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) were applied in many countries. Our aim was to describe the variations in communication and family visiting policies in Italian ICUs during the pandemic. Methods: A secondary analysis from the COVISIT international survey was conducted, focusing on data from Italy. Results: Italian ICUs provided 118 (18%) responses out of 667 responses collected worldwide. A total of 12 Italian ICUs were at the peak of COVID-19 admissions at the time of the survey and 42/118 had 90% or more of patients admitted to ICU affected by COVID-19. During the COVID-19 peak, 74% of Italian ICUs adopted a no-in-person-visiting policy. This remained the most common strategy (67%) at the time of the survey. Information to families was provided by regular phone calls (81% in Italy versus 47% for the rest of the world). Virtual visiting was available for 69% and most commonly performed using devices provided by the ICU (71% in Italy versus 36% outside Italy). Conclusion: Our study showed that restrictions to the ICU applied during the COVID-19 pandemic were still in use at the time of the survey. The main means of communication with caregivers were telephone and virtual meetings.
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ŽOFČINOV, Vladimíra, and Andrea KOŠÍKOVÁ. "SELECTED LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENTS OF FAMILY POLICY SUPPORTING WORK–LIFE BALANCE: A COMPARISON OF ITALY AND THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." On-line Journal Modelling the New Europe, no. 39 (September 27, 2022): 100–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/ojmne.2022.39.05.
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Courbage, Christophe, Guillem Montoliu-Montes, and Joël Wagner. "The effect of long-term care public benefits and insurance on informal care from outside the household: empirical evidence from Italy and Spain." European Journal of Health Economics 21, no. 8 (July 11, 2020): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01215-7.
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Abstract This article uses cross-sectional data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) database to test the effect of both long-term care (LTC) public benefits and insurance on the receipt of informal care provided by family members living outside the household in Italy and Spain. The choice of Italy and Spain comes from the fact that informal care is rather similar in these two countries while their respective public LTC financing systems are different. Our results support the hypothesis of LTC public support decreasing the receipt of informal care for Spain while reject it for Italy. They tend to confirm that the effect of public benefits on informal care depends on the typology of public coverage for LTC whereby access to proportional benefits negatively influences informal care receipt while access to cash benefits exerts a positive effect. Our results also suggest that private LTC insurance complements the public LTC financing system in place.
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Ruiu, Gabriele, and Giovanna Gonano. "Religious Barriers to the Diffusion of Same-sex Civil Unions in Italy." Population Research and Policy Review 39, no. 6 (September 23, 2020): 1185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-020-09613-8.
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AbstractThe legal recognition of civil unions between same-sex partners, in May 2016, could be defined as a revolution for the system of legal norms regarding the “heterosexual family-centric-system” in Italy. Using official data on the 17,341 people resulting in a same-sex civil union collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics in the years 2016–2018, this paper analysed the relationship between religious secularization and the diffusion of same-sex civil unions at the regional level in Italy. In particular, an indicator of the incidence of civilly united individuals over total population has been regressed on the rate of heterosexual marriages celebrated according to the civil rite. According to abundant literature, the latter variable could be interpreted as a proxy of secularization. The results indicate that less secularized regions are also those where less civil unions have been celebrated. The results are confirmed also when an instrumental variable approach is implemented. Studying this topic in Italy is particularly interesting since the country has been defined as the least secularized among economically developed nations.
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Shulakov, A. A. "RUSSIAN FEDERATION PUBLIC POLICY INTERESTS AND INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION." Lex Russica, no. 11 (November 22, 2019): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.156.11.056-069.
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The article is devoted to the protection of the Russian Federation public policy interests in the field of intercountry adoption. It is established that strengthening of such protection entails changes in the legislation. Such changes are connected either with the super-mandatory character of already existing statutory mandatory substantive rules or with the emergence of new super-mandatory rules. In the field of intercountry adoption in Russia, this process is particularly striking. The study highlights that the general equation contained in Art. 1192 “Rules of direct application” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes two ways that allow by analogy to determine the super-mandatory nature of certain mandatory substantive rules stated in the Family Code of the Russian Federation: “by reference in the mandatory rules themselves” (the over-mandatory character of the rule is expressly determined by the legislator) or “because of their particular importance also for the protection of rights and legally protected interests” (the over-mandatory character of the rule is determined by the executor of law). It is concluded that the emergence of constitutionally significant values/public interests in the content of the mandatory substantive rule (“protection of morals, health, rights and legitimate interests of other family members and other citizens”, etc.) forms a criterion that allows the executor of the law to determine such rules as rules of over-mandatory character. Based on the analysis of international treaties of the Russian Federation on interstate cooperation in the field of adoption of children, the article defines the fundamental principles that make up the structure of intercountry adoption in the Russian Federation. It is established that the additional conditions and requirements of the state of child’s origin are included in the regulation of intercountry adoption (provisions of articles 165, 124-133 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation; provisions of bilateral treaties between Russia and European countries where more than 85% of Russian children are adopted (France, Italy, Spain)) to protect the interests of the RF public policy.
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Contri, Fernanda. "Social Policies against Drug Abuse in Italy: An Overview and Evaluation." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 4 (October 1994): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400402.
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Continuously changing social drug policies pose problems in presenting an homogeneous picture of the current situation in Italy. The Consolidation Act was passed three years ago, and in 1993 a national referendum substantially modified the 1989 law. Goals have been reached regarding coordination of repressive action at an international level, and a National Fund for the Fight against Drugs was established. Efforts have been made to coordinate a unitary, although not standardized, policy among different authorities involved in anti-drug activities. A prevention “culture” has been implemented, recognizing the basic role of the family in primary education, increasing activities from the first years of school, as well as improving programs for educators at the university level. Great efforts are also being made to achieve better coordination in the field among the various social services. Monitoring studies are in development.
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Marra, Mita. "Intersectionality and emergence in time use analysis: possible pathways for gender research and work–family reconciliation policy in Italy." Community, Work & Family 23, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 80–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2018.1462146.
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Santini, Sara, Valentina Tombolesi, Barbara Baschiera, and Giovanni Lamura. "Intergenerational Programs Involving Adolescents, Institutionalized Elderly, and Older Volunteers: Results from a Pilot Research-Action in Italy." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 5, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4360305.
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Changes in traditional family structures, public policy arrangements, and new family care patterns are reducing opportunities for interaction between younger and older people in Europe and in Italy, especially when the latter live in residential care facilities. This may bolster age-related stereotypes in both generations and end up with affecting older people’s self-confidence, devaluing their emotional and relational capabilities. “Let’s Re-Generate” is a pilot research-action project—based on an intergenerational program carried out in a nursing home in Central Italy—which aimed at prompting institutionalized older people and adolescents in the community to enhance intergenerational ties through various shared activities. Results from focus groups with 25 teenagers and in-depth interviews with 16 older residents and 16 older volunteers provide an in-depth insight on the positive impact of intergenerational programs, which foster the interaction between different ages, help overcome age-related stereotypes, and improve older people’s mental well-being and older volunteers’ generativity. The main recommendation emerging from this study is that intergenerational activities should be integrated in the daily routine of nursing homes, acting as useful tools for fostering older residents’ capability of reacting to dependency and social isolation.
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Macchiaroli, Maria, Luigi Dolores, Gianluigi De Mare, and Luigi Nicodemo. "Tax Policies for Housing Energy Efficiency in Italy: A Risk Analysis Model for Energy Service Companies." Buildings 13, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030582.
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The Superbonus is an Italian tax relief policy aimed at encouraging residential buildings’ energy and seismic efficiency. Only the energy part of the legislation is analyzed here. The tax deductions of the Superbonus exceed the nominal value of the project, making the interventions convenient even for economically disadvantaged citizens and small construction companies. However, the measure has only found wide diffusion in single-family housing, while it proceeds more slowly for multi-family buildings, where procedural complexities greatly amplify the risk of the financial failure of projects. The purpose of the paper is to analyze how urban planning and technical and administrative problems affect the Return on Investment (ROI) when the Superbonus is applied to multi-unit buildings. Therefore, a financial risk analysis is conducted from the perspective of an ordinary Energy Service Company (ESCo), which assumes the burden of carrying out energy efficiency measures. The property considered has all the requirements of an ordinary multi-family building for which the Superbonus is generally used. The works considered are also those carried out most frequently. The study shows that only three out of five energy interventions are financially sustainable. This result is in line with the data provided by the Italian Revenue Agency.
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Gottardi, Francesca. "Down Syndrome Legislation in the U.S. and Italy: A Comparison." Milan Law Review 2, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 74–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/milanlawreview/17393.
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How do we guarantee dignity and quality of life to individuals with Down syndrome? If a family cannot commit to granting a dignified life, or if there are other health concerns at issue, how do we balance the right of the mother, parents, and unborn child? This article offers a comparative perspective of the disability legal framework in the U.S. and Italy, focusing on Down syndrome. In Italy, healthcare is public and universal, while in the United States healthcare is mostly privatized. In this context, in the U.S. people with mental and physical disabilities are particularly vulnerable due to the high costs of healthcare, stigma, and the need for additional advocacy. This work compares the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the U.S., the Legge 104/1992 in Italy, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) internationally. Numerous policy considerations impact the lives of individuals with Down syndrome, from conception to delivery, and from early childhood throughout development. There is a controversial legal debate concerning abortion if the fetus has an identified genetic abnormality. Additionally, once individuals with Down syndrome are born, how does the legal framework support these children and their families? Law and policy regarding access to care make a big difference in the quality of life of people with Down syndrome. At first glance, the standpoint of protecting and supporting a child with Down syndrome, and that of protecting the parents' right to terminate a pregnancy, might seem antithetical. However, they are, in fact, part of the same (difficult) conversation. By adopting a person-centered approach, paired with a relationship-centered care approach, we can pursue the holistic and humanistic ideals that our society aspires to achieve.
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Mínguez, Almudena Moreno. "Late Leaving of the Parental Home in Southern Europe: Lessons for Youth Policy." Comparative Sociology 15, no. 4 (July 29, 2016): 485–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341395.
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This article focuses on describing the late leaving of the parental home of young people in five European countries (Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Slovenia) from a cross country perspective. In order to achieve this objective, the author has identified several factors related to the late leaving of the parental home in relation to the age norms, the youth policy and the economical family support. The descriptive analysis uses data from various international statistical sources. Empirical evidence shows that there is a specific model of late leaving home in the Mediterranean countries related to the transitional regime model. The cultural factors and institutional factors may create conditions to postpone the transition to adulthood in southern Europe. The findings evidence a homogeneous cluster in southern Europe characterized by late leaving of the parental home, stability in the age norms, high intergenerational support through residential co-residence with parents and a reduced public support for young people.
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Beccaria, Franca. "Drinking styles of the young generations: twenty years' qualitative research." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (November 2010): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2010-su3005-ing.
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The article analyses the complexity of the relationship between young people and alcohol and how this varies over time by using a longitudinal comparison of qualitative studies carried out in Italy. This study highlights the fact that alcoholic drinks remain central in young people's identity-building, which begins at a young age in the long alcohol socialization process within the family context. The young people from the new millennium show more similarities than differences than those from twenty years before, although noticeable is the loss of the transgressive value of drinking in favour of more exploratory and innovative styles.
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De Cola, Maria C., Viviana Lo Buono, Agata Mento, Mariella Foti, Silvia Marino, Placido Bramanti, Alfredo Manuli, and Rocco S. Calabrò. "Unmet Needs for Family Caregivers of Elderly People With Dementia Living in Italy: What Do We Know So Far and What Should We Do Next?" INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 54 (January 1, 2017): 004695801771370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017713708.
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Care of the elderly with dementia represents one of the major challenges for the modern society worldwide. The burden of dementia care often falls on the family members, entailing heavy psychosocial and economic consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the caregiver’s perspective concerning the support for disease management on behalf of the physicians and the local Sicilian administrations (Italy), and the burden of care and effects on their lifestyle, to propose new prevention strategies and service for managing dementia and caregiver’s burden. Fifty-nine caregivers of Italian elderly people with dementia (mean age, 73; age range: 63-83) were interviewed, and 55 of them completed an ad hoc self-report questionnaire composed of 54 multiple-choice questions. Our findings suggest that caregivers need more information on the disease’s management, as well as on how to deal with the stress due to the disease burden. Moreover, a negative perception about the services offered from the local administration emerged. Assistive technology (AT) could be useful in promoting interaction between general practitioners and specialized centers for diagnosis, pharmacological and psychosocial treatments, and in saving costs. Moreover, case manager could follow patients and support family members within the care pathway, besides collecting and sharing information among the different health professionals involved. Further studies should be aimed at investigating whether AT and/or the use of specific educational strategies could be the right approach for meeting the needs of families living with dementia.
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Salvioni, Cristina, Roberto Henke, and Francesco Vanni. "The Impact of Non-Agricultural Diversification on Financial Performance: Evidence from Family Farms in Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020486.
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Diversification has been increasingly recognized as a rewarding farm strategy through which farmers produce on-farm non-agricultural goods and services. In doing so, farmers employ farm inputs (capital, labor, and land) in products other than agricultural goods, with the aim to sell them in the market and increase their income. While a significant body of literature has explored the drivers affecting the adoption of diversification activities, so far little attention has been given to the impact of such adoption on the technical and financial performance of farms. This article intends to provide empirical evidence on the impact of on-farm non-agricultural diversification on the financial performance of family farms in Italy, by using a nation-wide sample of agricultural holdings based on the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data. We estimated a fixed effects-instrumental variable panel model to deal with two potential sources of bias: self-selection in the diversification strategy and simultaneity, due to the fact that farmers often decide to diversify with outcome expectations in mind. Our findings show that in Italy the diversification strategy has a positive impact on the financial performance of family farms, which is second in magnitude only to that of land growth strategy. Our results also confirm the positive impact of efficiency and clarify that education has a positive return to investment when it is specialized in agriculture.
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Milošević, Zoran. "NEW STATE POLICY OF RUSSIA AND SOME EUROPEAN STATES IN REGARD TO RELIGIOUS SECTS." POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2007): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54561/prj0101157m.
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Russian Federation, as well as a number of European states, has started with a kind of revision of the views on activity of non-traditional, foreign religious organizations, world wide known as sects. In Russian Federation there has been a ban on activity of a “Aum Shinrikyou” sect, and in the city of Moscow the activity of “The Witnesses of Jehova” has also been banned. In France, “The Order of the Temple of Sun” and so-called Church of Scientology have been banned lately, while in Italy there have been close monitoring and controlling of occult religious organization going on. In regard to these recent events it was discovered that some religious organizations (sects) contributed to destabilization of society, strengthening of criminality and drug addiction, to the change of cultural standards and national thinking as well as to political destabilization of society and state. In addition to it, attention has also been paid to the children and family abuse and disrespect of the Labor Law.
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Di Brino, Eugenio, Michele Basile, Filippo Rumi, Giovanna Elisa Calabrò, and Americo Cicchetti. "PP153 The Economic And Fiscal Impact Of Public Health Programs For Diabetic Patients In Italy." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322002653.
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IntroductionTechnological innovations in the health sector have economic implications that go beyond their effects on health expenditure, expanding into other areas of the state budget (e.g., the social security system). Furthermore, innovation can affect the production of wealth by workers and companies, which in turn affects tax revenues. In addition, the presence of chronic diseases tends to reduce the propensity to consume and changes the allocation of consumption between the different sectors. Allocative decisions in the health system are rarely supported by an analysis that combines the health effects of innovations and their consequences in the economic system.MethodsThe objective of this study was to estimate the value of management programs for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus that involved different levels of use of innovative technologies and drugs. A tax impact assessment methodology was adopted in the context of chronic conditions to analyze the effect of adopting alternative management models for patients with diabetes on the broader economic system.ResultsAssuming a policy that reduces annual complications by 0.42 percent, there was an increase in tax revenue (cumulative value) of approximately EUR 28,175 and a reduction in productivity losses (cumulative value) of EUR 4,049,890. Projecting the impact on the age trend of the population up to 65 years of age with these estimates, it is possible to have an increase in tax revenue (cumulative value) equal to approximately EUR 7,050,598 and a reduction in productivity losses (cumulative value) equal to EUR 140,235,923.ConclusionsIn light of this work, providing remote patient support (telemedicine) and expanding the provision of innovative oral antidiabetic drugs to family physicians could improve care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study provides decision makers with an immediately usable model to broaden the information base for planning and regulatory choices. In addition, it supports the use of economic evaluations that calculate the entire value of a technological innovation or health program.
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D’Adamo, Falcone, Gastaldi, and Morone. "A Social Analysis of the Olive Oil Sector: The Role of Family Business." Resources 8, no. 3 (August 22, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030151.
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Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most popular products in Mediterranean diet. Spain produces about 52% of olive oil with the presence of larger firms; Italy follows with a share of 9% and a production structure characterized instead by small family businesses. A social analysis, based on a multiple-questionnaire, has analyzed the perspectives of 500 consumers conferring their olives to a family-owned olive oil mills (OOMs). This work aims to assess the role of family business evaluating the opportunities associated with the development of circular economy (CE) models. Results show that Italian consumers’ preferences give attention to the use of natural resource and the olive oil is perceived as a natural product. In addition, family owned-OOMs provide a great sense of trust and the relevant role of family within the entire life cycle of olive oil is demonstrated. OOMs that work for residential market are strongly preferred to industrial ones being able to manage single lots of olives belonging to the same customers’ land. The recovery of some by-products represents an opportunity for OOMs and policy support is required to favor the needed generational change, whose absence is perceived as a serious obstacle to the future development of the sector along circularity principles.
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Theobald, Hildegard, and Matteo Luppi. "Elderly care in changing societies: Concurrences in divergent care regimes – a comparison of Germany, Sweden and Italy." Current Sociology 66, no. 4 (April 23, 2018): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392118765232.
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European countries are facing social changes that are challenging their long-term care (LTC) systems in different ways. The ageing population and the decrease of care potential in families have led to different paths of modification to traditional care regime organization. This article compares the LTC policies of Sweden, Germany and Italy, three countries that have traditionally been regarded as representatives of distinct regime types in care regime typologies. The interrelation between policy reforms, changing state support, patterns of care arrangements and the commodification of care work is compared between the three countries. The analysis aims to reveal the basic dimensions of (changing) LTC policies and their effects in these countries; trends of convergence and divergence between the three regimes; and the main characteristics of the changed care regimes. Despite a trend to convergence characterized by a redefined involvement of and a complex mixture of state, market and family resulting in an increased precarization of care labour, the countries analysed still represent different care models. In particular, the amount of state support, the emphasis on family care versus professional services, and the role of different state levels in the governing system and reform paths are the key elements that mark the organization of national LTC.
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Lion, Katarzyna M., Clarissa Giebel, Ilaria Chirico, Monica Cations, Rabih Chattat, Mark Gabbay, Wendy Moyle, Giovanni Ottoboni, and Marco Valente. "A cross-country comparison of family carers experiences with residential aged care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic." International Psychogeriatrics 33, S1 (October 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610221001575.
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Background:The number of research projects into residential aged care (RAC) during the COVID-19 pandemic is increasing, however there are limited data on the cross-country comparison of experiences residents living with dementia and their families. Our study aimed to 1) give an overview of the RAC restrictions and changes (visiting policy, governmental & health authorities’ advice, service delivery) implemented during the pandemic in Australia, Italy and the UK and 2) and their impact on people with dementia in RAC facilities and their families.Methods:A total of 56 informal family carers of people with dementia residing in RAC took part in semi- structured interviews over the telephone or via Skype in Australia (n=6), Italy (n=25) and the UK (n=26) between July 2020 and March 2021. The interviews were recorded and translated verbatim. Transcripts were analysed by researchers in each country using thematic analysis, then combined across sites.Results:Inductive thematic analysis identified four overarching themes: 1) Adaptations implemented in RAC facilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, Italy and the UK; 2) means of communication between RAC facility personnel, people with dementia living in RAC and family members; 3) impact of the implemented restrictions and changes in care provision due to the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia in RAC facilities and 4) impact of the implemented restrictions and changes in care provision due to the COVID-19 pandemic on families of people with dementia in RAC facilities. While differences between countries and facilities were identified, the restrictions and changes within the residential care system impacted families’ well-being, increased their worries about care quality and safety of people with dementia. The consequences of a lack or modified services for people with dementia included noticeable physical and mental health changes. Although the majority of the facilities implemented some form of video-communication between families and residents, those solutions were unable to replace face-to-face contact.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate the need for implementing safe solutions which might facilitate more frequent in-person contact between families and residents with dementia preventing consequences in mental and physical health in both groups.
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Montanari Vergallo, Gianluca. "The Right to Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy in Italy: Taking Stock Forty Years after the Enactment of Law no. 194/1978. Comparative Law-based Remarks." European Journal of Health Law 26, no. 5 (November 12, 2019): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12265439.
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Abstract Forty years after the enactment of Law no. 194/78 that governs voluntary interruption of pregnancy, Italy has been experiencing difficulties guaranteeing that patients gain access to abortion procedures in a timely fashion. Conscientious objection detracts considerably from the very effectiveness of the law, as pointed out by major European institutions as well. Hence, the network of family planning and counselling centres needs to be expanded and supported; such institutions, in fact, may go a long way in ensuring that women make the best, informed decisions. The author has set out to deal with those issues by means of a comparative analysis. He believes that Italian lawmakers ought to follow in the footsteps of other European countries in order to balance the rights of objecting gynaecologists against those of women who choose to have an abortion, despite the relatively small number of doctors willing to carry out the procedure.
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Kostyál, László Árpád, Zsuzsa Széman, Virág Erzsébet Almási, Paolo Fabbietti, Sabrina Quattrini, Marco Socci, Giovanni Lamura, and Cristina Gagliardi. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Carers of Older People Living with Dementia in Italy and Hungary." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 7107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137107.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on both older people with dementia and families caring for them. This paper presents the results of an online survey carried out among Italian and Hungarian family carers of people with dementia during the first pandemic wave (May–July 2020, n = 370). The research questions were the following: (1) How has the pandemic changed the lives of family carers? (2) How did government restriction measures change the availability of care-related help? (3) What other changes did families experience? Results show that about one-quarter of both subsamples experienced a deterioration in their financial status. A decline in both general and mental health was also reported. Due to “lockdown”, family carers’ burden increased substantially. Utilization of care-related help decreased, and the share of those left with no help increased in both countries. Cross-country differences emerged in terms of dementia care system, severity of the first pandemic wave, and measures put in place by governments. Findings outline the weaknesses of support structures and their country-specific vulnerabilities to a worldwide pandemic. To better protect people with dementia in the future, it is essential to strengthen their family carers, and support structures need to be re-evaluated and re-designed.
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Harasheh, Murad, Alessandro Capocchi, and Andrea Amaduzzi. "Firm Characteristics and Innovation Activity: A Study of Italian Family Firms." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 12 (November 15, 2018): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n12p180.
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Increasingly, innovation is seen as a novel leverage tool with which to create business and social value and thereby place its finders and users at a competitive advantage. Contemporary research suggests that the determinants of the innovation activity of firms are numerous. In this paper, we consider the financial and governance characteristics that might influence the innovation activity of a sample of 700 family firms in Italy. Our study was conducted over a 10-year period, from 2007 to 2016, using panel analysis models alongside robustness tests for the lagging effect and the probability regression as well as diagnostic statistics to ensure the use of an appropriate model. The results show that the existence of institutional investors, as a proxy for governance, has a persistent positive relationship with patent value, as a proxy for innovation, but not with the likelihood of being innovative. Moreover, financial indicators such as net working capital, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, debt, and equity are found to explain innovation activity better than other indicators in both the panel and probability regressions. We also find very little significant difference between the sectors and regions featured in the study, suggesting that the relationship among them is quasi-systematic. Concluding the paper, our findings are discussed in relation to their policy implications and suggestions for further research are made.
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Browning, Sean. "The Life Satisfaction of Informal Caregivers in Europe: Regime Type, Intersectionality, and Stress Process Factors." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2928.
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Abstract This research assessed the role of welfare state/family care regimes, intersecting social locations and stress process factors in influencing the life satisfaction of informal caregivers of care recipients with age-related needs or disabilities within a European international context. Empirical analyses were conducted with a sample of informal caregivers residing in Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, Greece and the United Kingdom (n=6,007). Ordinary least squares and ordered logit regression models revealed that welfare state/family care regime, intersecting social locations, and stress process factors were independently associated with the life satisfaction of informal caregivers. Furthermore, there was some evidence to suggest that social location and stress process factors intervened in some of the relationships between regime type and life satisfaction. There was also some evidence that stress process factors intervened in the relationships between social location factors and life satisfaction. Overall, the results provide support for integrating welfare state/family care regime type and intersectionality factors into the stress process model as applied to the context of informal caregiving. The results also have policy and practice implications with regards to which social location and stress process factors explain specific disparities in life satisfaction between informal caregivers residing in different welfare state/family care regimes.
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Giaccio, Vincenzo, Agostino Giannelli, and Luigi Mastronardi. "Explaining determinants of Agri-tourism income: evidence from Italy." Tourism Review 73, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-05-2017-0089.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the income sources of Italian farm tourism businesses, considering some economic, social and environmental variables that represent internal business factors and highlighting their contribution to the development of this income.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis is based on the Italian section of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) that includes 365 Italian farm tourism businesses. FADN is an instrument to assess the income of European agricultural holdings and the impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy. The analysis has been carried out through a Multivariate Regression Model.FindingsThe results of this paper have showed that some economic variables (food service, direct selling and public subsidies) determine an increase in farm income, whereas an increased number of family employees may have a negative impact on this income.Research limitations/implicationsExternal factors, such as proximity to urban or cultural centres, may impact on agri-tourism income, but these are not considered in the statistical analyses. Another limit of this paper is the exclusion of tourists’ motivational variables and others mostly referring to the market (pricing policies, promotional strategies, etc.). Furthermore, this paper focuses on a specific country and this could reduce the generalization of its results.Practical implicationsThanks to the selected regression drivers, farmers who offer tourism services could recognize a priori their entrepreneurial opportunities and understand the variables on which to focus to increase their income, which could be in turn strengthened by policies seeking to develop the endogenous potential.Social implicationsAgri-tourism can fulfill various functions in the regional economy, with positive implications for the quality of life of rural societies.Originality/valueOn the European level, there is currently a lack of research studying the variables affecting agri-tourism revenue and entrepreneurial choice that mostly define profitability. This may be the first time that FADN data set has been utilized for researching farm tourism businesses in Europe.
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Turner, Katherine, Francesca La Briola, Aglaia Vignoli, Elena Zambrelli, Valentina Chiesa, Laura Fongoni, Olivia Baldi, and Maria Paola Canevini. "Living with Epilepsy in Adolescence in Italy: Psychological and Behavioral Impact." Healthcare 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050687.
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Background: People with epilepsy have a higher prevalence of behavioral and neuropsychiatric comorbidities compared to the general population and those with other chronic medical conditions, although the underlying clinical features remain unclear. The goal of the current study was to characterize behavioral profiles of adolescents with epilepsy, assess the presence of psychopathological disorders, and investigate the reciprocal interactions among epilepsy, psychological functioning, and their main clinical variables. Methods: Sixty-three adolescents with epilepsy were consecutively recruited at the Epilepsy Center, Childhood and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit of Santi Paolo e Carlo hospital in Milan (five of them were excluded) and assessed with a specific questionnaire for psychopathology in adolescence, such as the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Psychopathology in Adolescence (Q-PAD). Q-PAD results were then correlated with the main clinical data. Results: 55.2% (32/58) of patients presented at least one emotional disturbance. Body dissatisfaction, anxiety, interpersonal conflicts, family problems, uncertainty about the future, and self-esteem/well-being disorders were frequently reported. Gender and poor control of seizures are associated with specific emotional features (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of screening for emotional distress, recognition of the impairments, and provision of adequate treatment and follow-up. A pathological score on the Q-PAD should always require the clinician to investigate the presence of behavioral disorders and comorbidities in adolescents with epilepsy.
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Fisher, Oliver. "The Impact of Micro and Macro Level Factors on the Working and Living Conditions of Migrant Care Workers in Italy and Israel—A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020420.
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Background: The provision of home-based care for frail older adults in Italy and Israel is predominately provided by live-in migrant care workers (MCWs). However, despite the important role that they play in filling the demand for home care, MCWs often experience labor rights violations. This not only impacts the well-being of MCWs but also leads to lower-quality care being provided to people in need of support. Method: This scoping review used Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework to map literature. This article aims to analyze the scope, main topics, themes and gaps in the existing academic literature on how micro and macro level indicators impact the working and living conditions of live-in MCWs in Italy and Israel. Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for peer-reviewed articles. Search terms were adapted from the Multilevel Framework of Transnational Care Migration (MFTCM). Themes were developed using Braun and Clarke’s method for conducting reflexive thematic analysis. Articles were included if they focused on Italy and/or Israel, included analysis on the working and living conditions of live-in MCWs at the macro and/or micro levels, were written in English, and were published between 2015 and 2020. Results: Out of the 1088 articles retrieved, 33 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 18 articles focused on Italy and 14 on Israel, and one focused on both Italy and Israel. The majority of articles in Italy (84 per cent) and Israel (53 per cent) included analysis on care regimes. Only 37 per cent of articles in Italy and 20 per cent in Israel included analysis on gender regimes. At the micro level, 80 per cent of articles in Israel discussed Power/Class Asymmetry, compared to 37 per cent in Italy. In total, six themes were developed. At the macro level, these themes included funding care work, MCWs as a pragmatic approach, care in the home, and valuing care work. At the micro level, the themes included being part of the family, and perceptions on class asymmetries. The findings presented in this review show that MCWs in both Italy and Israel face many of the same challenges in accessing decent work opportunities, despite contrasting employment and migration policies in each country. This can be partially attributed to the undervaluing of care work because of racialized and gendered notions of care. At the macro level, this has contributed to a lack of political will to develop long-term sustainable solutions to create or monitor decent work standards for MCWs. At the micro level, this has led to power imbalances between MCWs and people in need of care and their family members, resulting in MCWs being expected to work hours beyond those contractually allowed, having little to no time off, and experiencing emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Conclusion: This study provides a review of the most recent contributions to the fields of labor migration and health concerning the MCW markets in Italy and Israel. While there have been many studies in each country that detail the labor rights violations experienced by MCWs, this is the first review that develops themes around the underlying causes of these violations. By thematically analyzing the findings of recent studies and current gaps in existing knowledge, this scoping review assists in building the groundwork for the development and implementation of policy, strategies, practice and research to improve the rights and migration experiences of MCWs.
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Fisher, Oliver. "The Impact of Micro and Macro Level Factors on the Working and Living Conditions of Migrant Care Workers in Italy and Israel—A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020420.
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Background: The provision of home-based care for frail older adults in Italy and Israel is predominately provided by live-in migrant care workers (MCWs). However, despite the important role that they play in filling the demand for home care, MCWs often experience labor rights violations. This not only impacts the well-being of MCWs but also leads to lower-quality care being provided to people in need of support. Method: This scoping review used Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework to map literature. This article aims to analyze the scope, main topics, themes and gaps in the existing academic literature on how micro and macro level indicators impact the working and living conditions of live-in MCWs in Italy and Israel. Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for peer-reviewed articles. Search terms were adapted from the Multilevel Framework of Transnational Care Migration (MFTCM). Themes were developed using Braun and Clarke’s method for conducting reflexive thematic analysis. Articles were included if they focused on Italy and/or Israel, included analysis on the working and living conditions of live-in MCWs at the macro and/or micro levels, were written in English, and were published between 2015 and 2020. Results: Out of the 1088 articles retrieved, 33 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 18 articles focused on Italy and 14 on Israel, and one focused on both Italy and Israel. The majority of articles in Italy (84 per cent) and Israel (53 per cent) included analysis on care regimes. Only 37 per cent of articles in Italy and 20 per cent in Israel included analysis on gender regimes. At the micro level, 80 per cent of articles in Israel discussed Power/Class Asymmetry, compared to 37 per cent in Italy. In total, six themes were developed. At the macro level, these themes included funding care work, MCWs as a pragmatic approach, care in the home, and valuing care work. At the micro level, the themes included being part of the family, and perceptions on class asymmetries. The findings presented in this review show that MCWs in both Italy and Israel face many of the same challenges in accessing decent work opportunities, despite contrasting employment and migration policies in each country. This can be partially attributed to the undervaluing of care work because of racialized and gendered notions of care. At the macro level, this has contributed to a lack of political will to develop long-term sustainable solutions to create or monitor decent work standards for MCWs. At the micro level, this has led to power imbalances between MCWs and people in need of care and their family members, resulting in MCWs being expected to work hours beyond those contractually allowed, having little to no time off, and experiencing emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Conclusion: This study provides a review of the most recent contributions to the fields of labor migration and health concerning the MCW markets in Italy and Israel. While there have been many studies in each country that detail the labor rights violations experienced by MCWs, this is the first review that develops themes around the underlying causes of these violations. By thematically analyzing the findings of recent studies and current gaps in existing knowledge, this scoping review assists in building the groundwork for the development and implementation of policy, strategies, practice and research to improve the rights and migration experiences of MCWs.
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Curado, Carla, and António Mota. "A Systematic Literature Review on Sustainability in Family Firms." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073824.
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In this study, we explore the research published from 2015 to 2020 on the importance of family firms (FFs) to sustainability. Our results come from a content analysis of 28 studies on this topic. Further, they deal with small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry in Italy and Spain. These studies mainly follow a quantitative approach with data from a survey. This study’s main contribution regards the identification of three sorts of aspects associated to sustainability in FFs which match the three pillars of the triple bottom line approach that supports sustainable business development: social inclusion, economic development, and environmental protection. Our findings show that the family’s religiosity, reputation, and image play relevant roles in the FFs’ adoption of sustainable practices. Moreover, the CEO and their successor’s choices also have consequences for sustainability. These studies demonstrate how the family’s control, its values, and the industry influence the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. FFs go green by adopting eco-innovation to adapt to the constantly changing environment and market pressures. We acknowledge the limitations of the study. We offer advice to colleagues when developing future futures studies to address the influence of cultural differences between FFs and non-FFs and suggest they perform comparative analyses. This research could lead to further investigation of the effects of other variables that may influence sustainability in the context of FFs.
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Gagliardi, Cristina, Flavia Piccinini, Giovanni Lamura, Georgia Casanova, Paolo Fabbietti, and Marco Socci. "The Burden of Caring for Dependent Older People and the Resultant Risk of Depression in Family Primary Caregivers in Italy." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 3375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063375.
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Long-Term Care (LTC) for older people in need of care is a critical issue affecting the quality of life of family caregivers (as well as older people), encompassing both negative and positive caregiving experiences. Providing support to family caregivers is essential because they play a crucial role in sharing the societal burden of LTC for the growing frail older population. By presenting the results of a survey carried out in 2019–2020 in Central Italy, this study aims to describe the characteristics and estimate by a multivariate logistic model the correlates of depressive symptoms in 369 primary caregivers of dependent older people. Caregivers are mostly women who provide a high amount of care in terms of weekly hours as a result of insufficient assistance from public or private care services. More than half of the sample show depressive symptoms, indicating a fairly serious situation. Perceived burden is a strong predictor of depression. The findings offer suggestions and policy implications. The fragmentation of the care context should be addressed by allocating sufficient funding to expand the supply of public in-kind services and integrate cash-for-care schemes, thus alleviating the burden and mitigating the negative consequences of care on physical and mental health.
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Rugolotto, Silvana, Alice Larotonda, and Sjaak van der Geest. "How migrants keep Italian families Italian: badanti and the private care of older people." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-08-2015-0027.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe how migration affects the care of older people in Italy. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on anthropological fieldwork by one of the authors. This consisted of in-depth interviews with 20 “badanti” (migrant caregivers), with relatives of older people and with social workers in the city of Verona, Italy. It further included extensive study of secondary materials on the topic of migrant care of older people. Findings Badanti, Italian families and older people find themselves locked in an uneasy contract: badanti because they are exploited and often unable to find better, formal employment; Italian families because they are aware that they fail to render their moral duty to their aged parents and grandparents; and older people because they feel neglected and maltreated by their children. Yet the three parties also rely on each other to make the best of a precarious situation. The relationship between badanti and Italian elderly highlights the contradictions within Italian politics on care and migration. This case study shows how migrants help Italian families to hold on to the tradition of family care for ageing parents. Research limitations/implications The small sample of badanti and families provides a detailed and profound insight of the complexity of elder care in Italy but does not allow generalisation for developments in the country as a whole. Practical implications Policy makers should take notice of the indispensability of informal migrant care in present day Italy. Originality/value The originality of the paper lies in the in-depth conversations with badanti and in the way in which elderly care is contextualised in the Italian tradition of care and present day politics.
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Casanova, Georgia, and Roberto Lillini. "Disability in Older People and Socio-Economic Deprivation in Italy: Effects on the Care Burden and System Resources." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010205.
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The sustainability of European Long-Term Care systems faces the demographic and socio-economic circumstances, mainly the increasing ageing of the population, with its chronic disease conditions, and the simultaneous economic general crises, exacerbated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond the increase in general rate of relative poverty, there is a higher risk of poverty among elderly and families in a high demand of care, especially if situations of Activities Daily Living (ADL) disability are present. Italian welfare, which is based on family care regimes and regional strategies, and is oriented to private or public care, is a relevant case study with which to analyze such a relationship. This paper aims to study the relationship between ADL disability and the socio-economic deprivation of families, that is, household poverty. Variables came from the ISTAT Health for All Italian Database and the INAIL Disability Allowance Database. A pool of statistical methods, based on bivariate and multivariate analyses, from bivariate correlation, through multiple linear regression to principal component factor analysis, were used to reduce the number of the variables and compute the indicators. The multivariate analysis underlines how ADL disability impacts on a household’s poverty, confirming the existence of statistical correlation between them. Moreover, the study identifies and measures two answer capability models to cope with household poverty. The answer capability of the formal system is the main tool for reducing poverty due to one family member’s ADL disability. Integration and collaboration between the formal system and family capabilities remains the main solution.
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Mariotti, Giuliano. "PrioritÀ cliniche in sanitÀ: governare la domanda con il coinvolgimento dei professionisti." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 1 (May 2009): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-su1014.
Full textAbstract:
- Creating order: this is the first step needed to prevent the collapse of the public healthcare system. Clinical priority for the healthcare services is a model to create an explicit order based on patients' needs, to guarantee timely referrals. This supports the idea that, despite the general perception that health care is difficult to access, availability of out-patient diagnostic procedures may be sufficient to meet the requirements of patients with major diagnostic needs. In Italy, the Homogeneous Waiting Groups (Raggruppamenti di attesa omogenei, RAO) model is being applied. It involves all those who are part of the process of providing a referral: the family doctor, the booking service (Cup) and the specialist. The model is based on identifying categories for the access to referrals. These allow the prescribers to establish in advance the length of wait considered adequate for a specific patient. To manage a system as complex as this one, it may be useful the socalled "facilitation" management technique. The aim is to guarantee the ongoing improvement of the quality of services, to make waiting times adequate to the clinical needs of citizens and the patients themselves more satisfied. Our experience encourages us to organise educational initiatives and joint courses for family doctors and specialists to reinforce the former's ability to increase their knowledge of appropriateness. At the same time, the involvement of family doctors and specialists may increase the level of concordance regarding the attribution of priority levels and adherence to guidelines' keywords. This will need to be evaluated as such schemes are adopted more widely.Keywords: appropriateness; clinical priority; primary care; waiting lists; clinical needs.
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Fritzell, Sara, Francesca Vannoni, Margaret Whitehead, Bo Burström, Giuseppe Costa, Stephen Clayton, and Johan Fritzell. "Does non-employment contribute to the health disadvantage among lone mothers in Britain, Italy and Sweden? Synergy effects and the meaning of family policy." Health & Place 18, no. 2 (March 2012): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.09.007.
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Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella, Barbara D’Amen, Sabrina Quattrini, Giovanni Lamura, and Marco Socci. "Caring for Frail Older People Living Alone in Italy: Future Housing Solutions and Responsibilities of Family and Public Services: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127413.
Full textAbstract:
When frail older people age alone in place, with increasing functional limitations, they require support in performing daily living activities. In this respect, it is important to assess their preferences in terms of future housing solutions, and their opinions/orientations on the care responsibilities of both family and public services. The present study aimed to explore these aspects in Italy. Qualitative interviews were carried out in 2019 within the “Inclusive ageing in place” (IN-AGE) research project, involving 120 frail older people who lived at home in three Italian regions (Lombardy, Marche, and Calabria). A content analysis was conducted, and some quantifications of interviewees’ statements were provided. The results revealed that the majority of seniors prefer ageing at home, at least with a personal care assistant (PCA), whereas moving to a nursing home is typically deemed as a last option. Moreover, they considered the family to be primarily responsible for taking care of them, even with the support of public services. In addition, some territorial differences emerged. Strengthening an integrated model of long-term care (LTC) for older people, where both formal and informal supports allow frail older people to age at home, seems thus a good overall policy solution to pursue, with interventions based also on the needs and preferences of both seniors and their respective families.