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Worsencroft, John C. "A Family Affair: Military Service in the Postwar Era." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/469565.
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HistoryPh.D.
Prior to World War II, the typical American Soldier was young and unmarried. As the old saying in the service went: if they wanted you to have a wife, they would have issued one to you. Today’s servicemember is most likely married and we customarily thank our military families in the same breath as those who wear the uniform. This dissertation is the story of how “support our troops” came to encompass the broader community of military families and how this fundamentally changed the military. Rooted in cultural and gender history, my dissertation argues that changing gender roles in the domestic sphere (i.e., fatherhood, motherhood, breadwinner, and homemaker) had a profound impact on martial roles in the military world, and vice versa. In the postwar era, as domestic roles were beginning to change, more and more married men enlisted in the Army and the Marine Corps, forcing the services to craft policies to accommodate families. Large numbers of married men in uniform was a new development in the United States, and my dissertation shows how marriage transformed civil-military relations. My dissertations addresses questions that are crucial to both the history of the military as well as American cultural life in the second half of the twentieth century. Just as military life became more family friendly, and as the services expanded opportunities for women, far fewer Americans overall chose to share in the burden of national service. Although military policymakers crafted policies to make military life more attractive, they contributed to its further isolation from the broader population by providing generous social services for military families increasingly inaccessible to other American families. Embedded within these contradictions is the story of what it meant to be an American after the Vietnam War.
Temple University--Theses
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April, Brian R. "The Sousa Coutinho family and the influence of Portugal on British policy, 1808-1812." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272564.
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Ponce, Anita Vanessa. "How Indigenous Child-Removal Practices in PostWar North America Helped Lay a Foundation for Contemporary Migrant Family Separation Policies in the United States of America." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Historia, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35039.
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The United States of America was founded on imperialist ideals that favoured European protestant values and blood. Meanwhile the Native peoples of the lands on which the very country was founded were treated as a “problem”. In times of conflict children are often the most vulnerable group, suffering great trauma and distress. This paper has outlined the origins of policies that would exploit and traumatise Native American children by removing them from their families, effectively violating their rights. Evidence is presented through historical analysis that these practices are so ingrained in the American political system that is was with relative easy that contemporary policies were passed, that would violate the human rights of Indigenous blooded immigrant children by forcibly separating them from their parents and subjecting them to subhuman conditions in migrant detention centers along the US-Mexico border.
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Wigman, Albertus. "Childhood and compulsory education in South Australia : a cultural-political analysis." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw659.pdf.
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Tilley, Elizabeth Heidi. "Bridging the Gap: Fertility Timing in the United States, Theoretical Vantage Points, Effective Public Policy, and Prevention Design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265612.
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The United States has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates among developed countries and ranks third overall in rates of teen pregnancy out of thirty countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperative Development, OECD (UNICEF, 2007). However, as a country we are spending an enormous amount of money on teen pregnancy prevention programs. For example, the Office of Adolescent Health has implemented grant funding opportunities for teen pregnancy prevention programs and provides approximately $105 million to states to design these programs. These programs include personal responsibility education and abstinence only education (http://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/oah-initiatives/tpp). If we are spending this much on these programs, why do we still have one of the highest teen pregnancy rates among developed countries? Based on what we have learned from current prevention efforts, the goal of this dissertation is two-fold, to introduce alternative theoretical approaches for prevention design and test determinants and protective factors of sexual risk-taking in adolescence. To obtain these goals, this dissertation was written using the three paper option that contains a theoretical paper and two empirical papers that test hypotheses of determinants of sexual risk-taking in adolescence and possible factors that protect youth from engaging in sexual risk-taking, such as school-wide communication and sexual education. The theoretical paper introduces alternative theoretical approaches to not only target individual behavior that may be risky, but also target the contextual constraints in which teens are operating. The empirical papers analyze possible determinants and protective factors for sexual risk-taking in youth.
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Phelps, Thomas Edward. "The German peasant family, 1925-1939 : the problems of the republic and the impact of national socialism." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720350.
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Rural society during the German National Socialist movement has been overlooked by most historians. Instead the urban elements are stressed. I have chosen to study the impact of National Socialism upon peasant families.Three major limitations exist for this project. First, only the peasant family itself is reviewed. Second, this project is concerned only with the years from 1925 through 1339. Third, this project limits its review to only that territory comprising Germany after World War I. This was done to allow for a more equal comparison of agricultural statistics.The construction of this project remains simple. Three major chapters exist. Chapter One reviews the Republic: its politics, economy, and the problems of the peasant family. The remaining chapters then review these problems as they were resolved by the National Socialists. Chapter Two reviews the family itself: family size, health, inheritance, and social status. Chapter Three reviews farm-management: production, mechanization, labor, and prosperity. Both chapters are divided into two parts: part one reviews the new policies; part two reviews the impact.The findings of this project were different than expected. I had expected to find minimum improvement in the condition of peasant families. Instead, I discovered that, in general, these policies failed in their objectives. The reasons for these failures differed. But much of the blame rests in faults of the laws themselves. Final results, however, were mixed. Farm-management improved slightly, but the family itself witnessed reduced health. The average family was not destitute, but neither did it prosper.Department of History
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Vamos, Cheryl A. "Examining the Title X Family Planning Program’s (Public Law 91-572) Legislative History through a Feminist Lens: A Thematic Analysis and Oral Histories with Key Stakeholders in Florida." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/64.
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The Title X Family Planning Program (Public Law 91-572), enacted by President Richard Nixon in 1970, provides federal funds for voluntary, confidential family planning services to all women, regardless of their age or economic status. This federal legislation aspired to prevent unintended pregnancies and poor birth outcomes to those in most need. However, over the past three decades, Title X has faced political, financial and social challenges. Despite its enormous success in improving the health and well-being of women and children by decreasing unintended pregnancies, the need for abortions and providing key comprehensive preventive services, without a newfound political will similar to that during which it was conceived, the future of Title X may be in jeopardy.
This study grounded theoretically and methodologically in a feminist policy analysis approach, critically examined the maturation of Title X by employing a mixed methodology design that consisted of a thematic analysis on Title X's legislative history and the conduction and analysis of oral histories. In Phase I, themes were extracted from the federal bills included in Title X's legislative history, which assisted in the identification of the issues that this policy has endured. In Phase II, a semi-structured interview guide was developed based upon the themes and findings from the thematic analysis as well as from pre-determined constructs from McPhail's Feminist Policy Analysis Framework, to explore key informants' perceptions, recollections and experiences regarding the Title X program. By examining Title X through a feminist lens, various issues were exposed and critically examined, including issues that are typically ignored by traditional policy analyses. Moreover, understanding the historical underpinnings and evolutions of a policy and recognizing past failures and achievements are necessary in order to make informed future decisions. Implications for research, practice and policy are discussed.
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Rosenberg, Bodmar Johnny. "Med värden som vägledning : En studie om kristdemokratins grund i politisk praktik." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71875.
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The purpose of this study has been to find out if the Christian Democratic Party of Sweden have changed their policy in their fundamental questions of value. In order to do this, I have based my study upon the following two questions: 1. How did the Christian Democracy's view and politics look at the issue of abortion? 2. How did Christian Democracy's family policy and view of family look like? The reason for choosing these two issues – the Christian Democratic Party’s abortion stance and family policy – is because these two issues are the founding core of the ideology that is known as Christian democracy – family and dignity. In order to answer my questions, I have chosen to go through parliamentary bills at the website of the swedish parliament. There I found bills from the Christian Democratic Party in the issues of abortion and family between the years 1985 and 1998. I have chosen a qualitative method and with that method dived into the archives of the swedish parliament. The reason for chosing a qualitative method has been because that method relies on the possibility of reaching results by analyzing words rather than numbers, which is preferable as this study intends to analyze and interpret what Christian Democratic MPs have written in their parliamentary bills. With the qualitative method, I have gone through the motions and focused on writing about abortion legislation and the right to life when it comes to abortion, and staying in daycare versus children in home care when it comes to family policy. The study shows that the Christian Democratic Party of Sweden did infact radically change in some core issues like the abortion stance when, for example, they supported the abortion legislation. They have also increasingly come to focus on the abortion and pregnancy prevention work. The Christian Democratic family policy, however, has proved to be more consistent, although here too, some pragmatism has been shown, for example when it comes to testing the need for child allowance for certain groups.
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Marcinkevičienė, Dalia. "Lietuvių šeimos idelogijos: nuo XIX a. tradicijos ir nacionalizmo iki sovietinės šeimos politikos 1944 – 1970 m." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090409_090031-09389.
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Habilitacijos procedūrai teikiamų mokslo darbų tikslas – apibendrinti istorinius tyrimus, kuriuose analizuojamos ideologijos, turėjusios esminį poveikį lietuvių šeimos raidai nuo XIX a. pradžios iki XX a. 8-ojo dešimtmečio. Tyrimuose nesiekiama nuodugniai išanalizuoti teorinių ideologijos aspektų. Darbuose ji suprantama kaip dominuojanti konkretaus istorinio laikotarpio vertybių sistema, įtvirtinanti ir įteisinanti tam tikras šeimos gyvenimo ir tarpasmeninių santykių normas. Tyrimuose pristatomos trys šeimos gyvenimo vertybių sistemos, kurias propagavo XIX a. tradicinės lietuvių bendruomenės normos, XIX a. pab.–XX a. pr. nacionalistinė lietuvių šeimos ideologija ir 1944–1970 m. Lietuvoje vykdyta sovietinė šeimos politika. XIX a. lietuvių bendruomenėje tokia vertybių sistema buvo glaudžiai susijusi su paprotine teise, patriarchaliniu kaimo gyvenimo būdu ir Katalikų bažnyčia. Jų poveikyje iki pat XIX a. 9-ojo dešimtmečio pradžios lietuvių bendruomenėje dominavo visuotinai pripažįstama ir vertinama privataus gyvenimo forma – santuoka su tos pačios socialinės ekonominės grupės nariu ir sėslus žemdirbio šeimos gyvenimas. XIX a. pab.–XX a. pr. lietuvių nacionalizmas atvėrė naujas asmeninio ir privataus gyvenimo lietuvių bendruomenėje galimybes. Tačiau jei XIX ir XX amžių sandūroje Vakarų Europos valstybėse buvo diegiama pronatalistinė šeimos politika, tai lietuvių nacionalistams rūpėjo tautiškai susipratusių partnerių šeima. Tuo tarpu 1944–1970 m. sovietinė ideologija diegė šeimos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of the research is to analyze the most important ideologies of Lithuanian family since the beginning of the XIXth century to the 80s of the XXth century. Ideology is understood here as a value system that has crucial impact on family and interpersonal relations, and is internalized by the family. Accordingly, three family value systems are under the research scrutiny. The first one was related to the XIXth century traditional Lithuanian family. The second one evolved as a consequence of Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century. Finally, the third family ideology was based on the Soviet family policy during the period 1944–1970. Family life in the XIXth century Lithuanian community was based on the Lithuanian common law, the teachings of Catholic Church and patriarchalism as a way of living. These norms influenced interpersonal realtionships in the traditional Lithuanian community and legitimized the only possible way of living, that of marriage with a partner from the same social group and a sedentary life of a farmer. On the other hand Lithuanian nationalism at the turn of the XXth century led to new ideas of family life and interpersonal relationships. Hovewer, even though Lithuanian nationalists desired to promote a nationally “pure” family, they did not treat it as an exclusively reproductive institution. Lithuanian ideology emphesized interpersonal relationships within the family instead of reproduction. Lithuanian nationalists believed that the... [to full text]
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Santana, Gicélia Maria Simplício de. "Da utopia ao desencanto e do desencanto à esperança: impressões de profissionais da estratégia saúde da família à luz da história oral." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8954.
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In 1994, Campina Grande-PB was one of the first municipalities in Brazil to implement the Family Health Program. Years later became the Family Health Strategy to be recognized as important for the construction of a new model of health care from the reorganization of primary care services. This study aimed to reveal the impressions of professional pioneers of the Family Health Program in Campina Grande, in the light of oral history. This is a qualitative research method was used to oral history. Participated as ten professional staff, top-level teams of five members of the pioneering Family Health Program in Campina Grande-PB. After Corpus analysis four themes emerged: The pioneering teams and the hope of realizing the SUS by the family health strategy; The development of the PSF in Campina Grande - 1994 to 2006; PT management in the health and viability of the Health Family as a model of attention, desires, achievements and limitations; The Family Health Strategy after PT management: from disillusionment to hope. Through the analysis it was observed that the pioneer group of Family Health of Campina Grande had the brand of militancy in defense of the NHS and the principles of health reform, coupled with political and ideological training. Chasing the utopia of turning into a family health care model. This hope was strengthened by the reversal of some epidemiological indicators. In the second main theme was possible to recognize an intense mobilization of professionals. With his performance created the Association of Professional Family Health of Campina Grande, implanted the local health councils and built expectations of achieving social rights arising from social pressure. The strengthening of the category could be in parallel with the conflict with the managers on behalf of Family Health. These conflicts directly involved managers who just showed up prepared and knowledgeable family health project. In the third thematic area it was found that the entry of a health worker in the office of secretary of health professionals had revitalized their hopes of advancing to the Family Health and SUS. Despite advances employees show the limits of the management PT. The fourth theme is the cooling of the class forces, the dismantling of the professionals and significant decrease of the coping capacity of local government. After more than a decade of struggle employees express disenchantment with the current health management. However, most appear to be hopeful about the progress of SUS and Family Health. In designing a new health history in the city expects to rely on the strength of the new professionals working in family health teams and with the support of the population.
Em 1994, Campina Grande-PB foi um dos primeiros municípios do Brasil a implantar o Programa Saúde da Família. Anos mais tarde tornou-se Estratégia Saúde da Família por ser reconhecida como importante para a construção de um novo modelo de atenção à saúde a partir da reorganização dos serviços da atenção básica. Este estudo teve por objetivo revelar as impressões dos profissionais pioneiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Campina Grande, à luz da história oral. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou como método a história oral temática. Participaram como colaboradores dez profissionais, de nível superior, integrantes das cinco equipes pioneiras do Programa Saúde da Família do município de Campina Grande-PB. Após a análise do corpus documental emergiram quatro eixos temáticos: As equipes pioneiras e a esperança da concretização do SUS por meio da estratégia saúde da família; O desenvolvimento do PSF em Campina Grande – 1994 a 2006; A gestão petista na saúde e viabilização do Saúde da Família como modelo de atenção: desejos, avanços e limitações; A Estratégia Saúde da Família após a gestão petista: do desencanto à esperança. Mediante a análise observou-se que o grupo pioneiro do Saúde da Família de Campina Grande teve a marca da militância em defesa do SUS e dos princípios da Reforma Sanitária, somados à formação político-ideológica. Perseguiam a utopia de transformar o Saúde da Família em um modelo de atenção. Essa esperança se fortaleceu com a reversão de alguns indicadores epidemiológicos. No segundo eixo temático foi possível reconhecer uma intensa mobilização dos profissionais. Com sua atuação criaram a Associação de Profissionais de Saúde da Família de Campina Grande, implantaram os conselhos locais de saúde e construíram expectativas de alcançar os direitos sociais, decorrentes da pressão social. O fortalecimento da categoria dava-se em paralelo com os conflitos com os gestores em defesa do Saúde da Família. Esses conflitos envolviam diretamente os gestores que pouco se mostravam preparados e conhecedores do projeto saúde da família. No terceiro eixo temático verificou-se que a entrada de um sanitarista no cargo de secretário de saúde os profissionais tiveram revitalizadas as suas esperanças em fazer avançar o Saúde da Família e o SUS. Apesar dos avanços os colaboradores mostram os limites da gestão petista. O quarto eixo temático trata do arrefecimento das forças da categoria, a desarticulação dos profissionais e a significativa queda da capacidade de enfrentamento do poder local. Depois de mais de uma década de luta os colaboradores expressam o desencanto com a gestão da saúde atual. Porém, a maioria mostram-se esperançosas em relação aos avanços do SUS e do Saúde da Família. No desenho de uma nova história da saúde no município esperam contar com a força dos novos profissionais que atuam nas equipes de saúde da família e com o apoio da população.
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Eberts, Carolyn. "The Sanger Brand: The Relationship of Margaret Sanger and the Pre-War Japanese Birth Control Movement." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1268832853.
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Berg, Annika. "Den gränslösa hälsan : Signe och Axel Höjer, folkhälsan och expertisen." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100140.
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This dissertation investigates the mutual life project of Signe (1896-1988) and Axel Höjer (1890-1974), a married couple who were key actors in the construction of the Swedish welfare state. It emphasises the ways in which they went about asserting a special public health expertise in different contexts. As starting points I take the malleability of the concept folkhälsa (people’s health or population health) and the centrality of expertise in the governance of modern societies. Theoretical concepts such as gender, policy transfer, biopower and governmentality are central to the analysis. The dissertation includes three parts. The first part investigates how the Höjers agreed to coordinate their work and how they, with reference to ideas picked up in France and England at the end of World War I, attempted to reform mother and child health care in Sweden. Their strategies where rhetorical but also practical, using Hagalund outside Stockholm as their experimental ground. The second part investigates, firstly, how Axel Höjer, as General-Director of the Medical Board of Sweden (1935-52) asserted a sociomedical expertise, integrating the emerging social sciences and universalist views on the organisation of the welfare state into the realm of medicine, in order to launch ideas of a thorough reorganisation and expansion of the Swedish health care system. His focus was on preventive medicine and health care, with the complete physical, mental and social health of the whole population as an explicit goal. Secondly, it explores how Signe Höjer at the same time tried to launch ideas on health and wellbeing as a social politician and a public committee member. She also tried to define family policy as a specific policy area. However, despite her training as a nurse and a social worker, she was largely confined to asserting a particularly ”female” expertise, which made her position rather ambiguous in terms of authority. The third part investigates how the Höjers, in the 1950s and 60s, worked with international health, Axel mainly for the WHO in India and Ghana, Signe as a policy entrepreneur, primarily in the fields of childcare and family planning. My findings partly confirm theories that see development aid as an extension of domestic social policy, but they challenge the view of aid as a simple one-way process. I demonstrate how the Höjers at least tried to adapt their projects abroad to meet local circumstances, and also show how they brought lessons from the third world to a domestic public. In the latter case they did not primarily act as experts of Swedish-style social policy, but as experts on the developing countries and on development aid.
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Joseph, Sydney. "Paid Parental Leave in the United States: Reconciling Competing Demands." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1961.
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The United States is the only developed nation that fails to provide its citizens with paid parental leave. The lack of parental benefit provision operates to the detriment of individuals and society as a whole by contributing to inequity across gender, race, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation. As the demographics of the American workforce have changed, public policy has not kept pace. Paid parental leave is associated a number of health, economic, and social benefits. However, the greatest barrier to legislating paid parental leave is the philosophical underpinnings of American politics, specifically the strong current of liberal individualism and absence of maternalism. This thesis examines the policy option space for paid parental leave in the United States and recommends a paid parental leave policy that is gender-neutral and has a combination of three months individual leave and three months of shared leave at 100 percent wage replacement.
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Adams, Stephanie P. "Too Many (Working) Women: Economic Reconstruction and Constructing Gender Roles in Western Germany, 1946-1957." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1212782224.
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Hammarlund, Karl Gunnar. "Barnet och barnomsorgen : Bilden av barnet i ett socialpolitiskt projekt." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-295.
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Swedish child-care institutions - day nurseries, kindergartens - did not until the 1930s become a concern of the Government. In 1943 the Swedish Riksdag for the first time passed a bill that gave child-care institutions a Government subsidy. This thesis deals with the Government's and the parliamentary commissions' attitudes to child-care institutions. Which type of institution ought to receive a subsidy? And for what reasons? The main argument for child-care institutions has always been that they could stimulate a sound development, for the child's own good and for society's. From the 1930s and into the 1950s most participants in the child-care debate stated that the kindergarten or part-time institutions for the pre-school child from the age of three and upwards was the preferable type. Day nurseries for children, even infants, of families were both parents had to work might be necessary but were to be seen as an emergency solution. From the mid-60s the attitu-de changed. Step by step full-time day nurseries became the institutions that were given priority by the Government. This change in attitude presupposes that the notion of the child changed as well. But it did not change in a vacuum. Borrowing an explanatory model from sociologist Johan Asplund, the thesis treats the child as a "figure of thought", placed between a super-structural discourse on child-care and society's basic, material conditions. Important changes at the level of discourse have been the attitude to modern, industrial society, e.g. the necessity of learning to live and work in a society which is complex, highly specialized and in constant change, and the debate on women's emancipation. At the level of material conditions, the most conspicious change is that more and more women have entered the labour market. The changing notion of the child can be understood as the effect of an influence from discourse and base on the "figure of thought". At the same time, the "figure of thought" in-fluenced the discourse. Thus, a child-care system for the benefit of child and woman and labour market could be established, and harmony could be created, at least in the discourse.
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Cunha, Bernadete Aparecida Tavares. "Diadema: da odontologia escolar à abordagem familiar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-10092008-162424/.
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O presente estudo se ocupa da implantação e evolução das políticas de saúde bucal no Município de Diadema (SP), no período de 1972 a 2007, onde se observa o processo de transformação das práticas, da odontologia escolar até a abordagem familiar, com avanços e limitações. Analisa a evolução histórica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e das políticas nacionais, estaduais e municipais de saúde bucal. Trata-se um estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório, conduzido por meio de análise bibliográfica documental e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Foram analisados documentos oficiais do município de Diadema e entrevistas realizadas com os prefeitos, secretários municipais de saúde, coordenadores de saúde bucal e cirurgiões dentistas que vivenciaram as diversas fases e políticas de saúde bucal no município. Busca identificar suas características inovadoras na organização das práticas assistenciais em saúde, enfatizando neste contexto a saúde bucal. Apresenta os resultados obtidos no período considerado, discutindo a política municipal de saúde bucal, localizando a posição da cidade no cenário estadual e nacional e identificando aspectos relacionados às perspectivas da saúde bucal em Diadema.This study takes the deployment and evolution of oral health policies in the city of Diadema - São Paulo State, Brazil - during the period from 1972 to 1997, that were observed the transforming practices procedures, from the school children dental care program to family health approach, with advances and limitations. It analyses the historical evolution of the Unified Health System - SUS - and national, state and municipal of oral health policies. This is a exploratory qualitative study, which it is conducted through literature review documentary and semi-structured interviews. It is considered official documents of Diadema and it is conducted interviews with Mayors, Health Care Municipal Secretaries, Oral Health Municipal Coordinators and Dentists who experienced the different stages of Oral Health municipal policies. It seeks to identify the innovative practices characteristics in health care organization, emphasizing in oral health context. This study present the results obtained in considered period, to discussing oral health municipal policy, to finding Diadema city position in the State and National scene and to identifying issues related to oral health prospects in Diadema.
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Schwab, Lauren M. "Food Insecurity from the Providers' Perspective." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1368021811.
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Betini, Maria Estela Sigrist. "Uma escola em Betel : relações, praticas, alunos, familias e professoras - 1997 a 2000." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253607.
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Orientador: Jose Luis SanfeliceDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: O objeto desta dissertação é o estudo da história de uma escola de Ensino Fundamental (1ª à 4ª série), nos anos de 1997 a 2000, no bairro de Betel (Paulínia-SP). Visa registrar o trabalho desenvolvido por suas professoras em função da educação voltada às classes populares. As professoras consideraram e estudaram os alunos da escola em dois aspectos: a classe social à qual pertenciam, através da aproximação com suas famílias, e a análise de cada criança em suas particularidades. Analisaram e estudaram regularmente as práticas escolares em seus resultados, frente aos objetivos definidos no projeto político pedagógico da escola. As condições objetivas e as subjetivas, criadas pelas professoras, são aqui analisadas, procurando-se dar visibilidade às características das crianças e suas famílias, e mostrar como, hoje, as professoras vêm os resultados obtidos com seus alunos. O estudo faz, também, o entrelaçamento entre a análise da sociedade no seu aspecto global e como esta reflete na conjuntura local, além da relação dialética do trabalho das professoras com a cultura escolar, a resistência e o não-consentimento frente à política educacional. Em Betel, a educação de cada criança foi possível por terem sido consideradas em sua humanidade, como pessoa particular e como pertencente a uma classesocial
Abstract: The aim of this work is the study of the history of a primary school (1st to 4th grade), between the years 1997 and 2000 in the district of Betel. It aims to report the work developed by its teachers in terms of the education aimed at the underpriviledged classes. The teachers were concerned with and studied the students in two aspects: the social class they belonged to, through the contact with their families, and the analysis of each child in their particularities. The school practices were studied and analysed in their results vis-à-vis the objectives outlined in the school political-pedagogic project. Objective and subjective conditions produced by the teachers are analysed, while an attempt is made to focus on the characteristics of the children and their families, showing how, today, the teachers see the results obtained with their students. The study also intertwines the analysis of society in its global aspect and how it reflects on the local setting, in addition to the dialectic relationship among the work of the teachers, the school¿s culture, the resistance and unacceptance of the official educational policy. In Betel, the education of each child was possible since they were considered in their humanity, as a particular person and belonging to a social class
Mestrado
Historia, Filosofia e Educação
Mestre em Educação
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Southard, Nicole. "The Socio-Political and Economic Causes of Natural Disasters." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1720.
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To effectively prevent and mitigate the outbreak of natural disasters is a more pressing issue in the twenty-first century than ever before. The frequency and cost of natural disasters is rising globally, most especially in developing countries where the most severe effects of climate change are felt. However, while climate change is indeed a strong force impacting the severity of contemporary catastrophes, it is not directly responsible for the exorbitant cost of the damage and suffering incurred from natural disasters -- both financially and in terms of human life. Rather, the true root causes of natural disasters lie within the power systems at play in any given society when these regions come into contact with a hazard event. Historic processes of isolation, oppression, and exploitation, combined with contemporary international power systems, interact in complex ways to affect different socioeconomic classes distinctly. The result is to create vulnerability and scarcity among the most defenseless communities. These processes affect a society’s ideological orientation and their cultural norms, empowering some while isolating others. When the resulting dynamic socio-political pressures and root causes come into contact with a natural hazard, a disaster is likely to follow due to the high vulnerability of certain groups and their inability to adapt as conditions change. In this light, the following discussion exposes the anthropogenic roots of natural disasters by conducting a detailed case analysis of natural disasters in Haiti, Ethiopia, and Nepal.
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Hall-Matthews, David Nicolas John. "Famine process and famine policy : a case study of Ahmednagar District, Bombay Presidency, India 1870-84." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e072387-d56c-496a-a90a-2ee2f31c29dd.
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Ahmednagar District, in Bombay Presidency, was affected - along with much of South India - by a major drought in 1876-78, leading to famine relief by the Government of Bombay and considerable emigration and mortality. Recent literature, however, has suggested that famine is a complex, human and long-drawn-out process, rather than a sudden, natural phenomenon. This thesis seeks to identify that process among poor peasants in Ahmednagar between 1870 and 1884. It does so by examining their factors of production - land, capital and, to a lesser extent, labour - as well as markets in credit and the cheap foodgrains they produced, in order to locate both their chronic food insecurity and forces increasing their vulnerability over time. In this context, emphasis is given to the relationship of the British colonial state to the peasantry. The agrarian policies and agendas of the Government of Bombay are explored with regard to peasant vulnerability. It is argued that it failed to invest in production and infrastructure, while forcing peasants into competitive markets in which they were ill-equipped to compete. Despite a laissez-faire philosophy, it intervened to first promote, then penalise, usurious moneylenders, reducing the availability of credit. It also taxed peasants directly through the inflexible ryotwari land revenue system. In the crisis, peasants were not treated as famine victims and discouraged from accepting relief. The state can therefore be said to have contributed to the process of famine. It is argued that the propriety of colonial famine policies - and especially of other policies in the agricultural sector that undermined peasant food security - was widely discussed at different levels within the British state, from assistant collectors in Ahmednagar to secretaries of state in London. Attention is given to the way these debates were conducted and the process of policy-making analysed, concluding that the colonial hierarchy made it difficult for officers to be responsive to local problems.
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Livingston, Katherine G. "Adoptee Access to Original Birth Certificates and the Politics of Birthmotherhood in Ohio, 1963-2014." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461068976.
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Dunn, Nicholas Roger. "The castle, the custom house and the cabinet : administration and policy in famine Ireland, 1845-1849." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e2df9d8d-27b3-4785-afce-453ec8984d21.
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It is the contention of this thesis that the activities of, and the influences on, the senior administrators based in the Castle and the Custom House in Dublin during the Great Irish Famine are an essential element to understanding the formulation and execution of Irish Famine relief policy. The principal aim of the study is to articulate the role played by these administrators in the formulation of relief policy. Emphasis is also given to the debates in the Cabinet over Irish relief policy and the influence of the administrators on those debates. The subject of the first chapter is the Science Commission. It examines in turn Peel's motivations for establishing the Science Commission, the chronology of events leading up to its establishment and the activities of the Commissioners both in England and Ireland. The second chapter concerns the Scarcity Commission established by Peel and Graham. It explores the motivations behind the selection of individual Commissioners and the relationships between the Commissioners. It also considers and contrasts the tasks that were officially assigned to the Commissioners and the limited use to which their conclusions were put by the Government. Chapters three and four deal with the Board of Works and in particular its influence on the formulation and administration of relief policy of Richard Griffith, Thomas Larcom, and Harry Jones. The activities of the Commissioners after the reconfiguration of the Board of Works by Act of Parliament in 1846 are examined and the fourth chapter seeks to establish in detail the political context surrounding-the decision to abandon relief by public employment as revealed in the Cabinet discussions at the time. The final chapter examines the actions of Edward Twisleton in Ireland during the Famine and his influence, or lack of it, on the formulation of relief policy. A detailed account is offered of the political context of the Poor Law Extension Act. Twisleton's relationships with both the Treasury and Clarendon, and the motives underlying his resignation in March 1849, are investigated.
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PIERFEDERICI, MARTINA. "«Tentare ogni mezzo onde riunirli». Polizia e conflitti familiari a Bologna nel XIX secolo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266843.
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My dissertation analyzes the action pursued by the police in Bologna during the years of
Restoration in solving critical family situations through the use of a conciliatory attitude
that allowed for the avoidance of court intervention even in the presence of criminal
behavior. The Police took a non-repressive approach towards adultery, illegitimate
pregnancies, rape and other family disorders provided they didn’t implicate a public
scandal and, when they were called upon to settle disputes between spouses, police
officers always tried to maintain matrimonial stability as well as social peace. The sources
of my research were the numerous documents produced by the Direzione provinciale di
polizia between 1814 and 1859 that testify to the police's large involvement in cases of
matrimonial conflict: a rich and vivid source of material that provides the opportunity to
study how the different parties acted and interacted in a changing society such as Bologna
in the period following the restoration of papal power. The main aim has been to
investigate the origins of police choices and attitudes in the field of private life and to
develop a better understanding of policing in previous centuries where the origins of most
of the observed phenomena can be found. I devoted particular attention to non-judiciary
practices of peacemaking to compare them with the official way of dealing with family
disorder and to obtain a reliable frame of Nineteenth century police action.
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Van, Praet Sarah. "Les sollicitations des autorités publiques par les familles pour « conflit éducatif »: Analyse de dossiers du parquet famille-jeunesse de Bruxelles, 1966-2006." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/251898.
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Cette thèse propose une analyse qualitative de 205 dossiers du parquet jeunesse-famille de Bruxelles, sur les années 1966 à 2006. L'objectif est de comprendre la logique des renvois, par des membres des la familles, de conflits entre les parents et les enfants. Ces conflits ont été nommés "éducatifs" en référence d'une part qu'ils ont lieu entre parents et enfants, et qu'ils n'ont pas été qualifié pénalement. Après avoir situé le sujet dans un cadre historique et sociologiques des liens entre famille et autorités publiques, une approche méthodologique originale qui tente de respecter la nature judiciaire du matériau est présentée. L'analyse, en deux temps, conclut que les conflits éducatifs renvoyés aux autorités publiques montre l'existance d'une économie morale entre parents et enfants dont les ruptures des attentes muttuelles, notamment dans les discussions par rapport à la reproduction sociale des famillet et des stratégies de résistances des adolescents, créent des conflits. Ces conflits sont renvoyés aux autorités publiques, souvent plus "par défaut" qu'en ayant une demande plus précise. En s'appuyant sur le concept de la conscience du droit, il s'avère que les familles témoignent d'un role des autorités publiques, de la police plus particulièrement, en grande partie au service des familles. Au final la thèse s'intéroge sur la part privée ou publique de la vie familiale, ainsi que des attentes des familles, souvent de classes populaires, à l'égard des autorités publiques.Doctorat en Criminologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Scott-Smith, Tom. "Defining hunger, redefining food : humanitarianism in the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a19a116e-21b6-4cac-aef1-1a1feb642ba2.
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This thesis concerns the history of humanitarian nutrition and its political implications. Drawing on aid agency archives and other historical sources, it examines how food has been delivered in emergencies, from the First World War to the present day. The approach is ethnographic: this is a study of the micro-level practices of relief, examining the objects distributed, the plans made, the techniques used. It is also historical: examining how such practices have changed over time. This thesis makes five interlocking arguments. First, I make a political point: that humanitarian action is always political, and that it is impossible to adhere to ‘classical’ humanitarian principles such as neutrality, impartiality and independence. Second, I make a sociological argument: that the activities of humanitarian nutrition have been shaped by a number of themes, which include militarism, medicine, modernity, and markets. Third, I make a historical argument: that the main features of humanitarian nutrition were solidified between the 1930s and the 1970s, and were largely in place by the time of the Biafran war. Fourth, I make a sociological argument: that these mid-century changes involved a profound redefinition of hunger and food (with hunger conceived as a biochemical deficiency, and food as a collection of nutrients). Finally, I make a normative argument, suggesting that this redefinition has not necessarily benefited the starving: the provision of food in emergencies, I argue, is often concerned with control and efficiency rather than the suffering individuals themselves.
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Williams, Emma Peyton. "Dreaming of Abolitionist Futures, Reconceptualizing Child Welfare: Keeping Kids Safe in the Age of Abolition." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1592141173476542.
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Van, Winkle Kristina A. "Educating for Global Competence: Co-Constructing Outcomes in the Field: An Action Research Project." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1626442252415126.
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Briney, Carol E. "My Journey with Prisoners: Perceptions, Observations and Opinions." Kent State University Liberal Studies Essays / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1373151648.
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Binvel, Iane. "La sigillographie au service de l’histoire. Le réseau des Comnènes (du XIe siècle au début du XIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040221.
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Digne héritier de l’Empire romain d’Occident, l’Empire romain d’Orient plus communément appelé Empire byzantin est la scène de nombreux changements politiques et socio-économiques depuis sa création au IVème siècle. Parmi les acteurs de ces évolutions se trouvent les Comnènes, une famille issue de l’aristocratie dite militaire que rien ne prédestinait à occuper les hautes sphères de l’administration impériale de 1057 à 1204. En se basant prioritairement sur les sceaux regroupés sous la forme d’un catalogue, il s’agira de mettre en lumière l’histoire de la famille qui prend petit à petit la dimension d’un réseau basé sur une forte politique matrimoniale modifiée par les empereurs Comnènes jusqu’à atteindre son apogée au XIIe siècle. Organisé en trois partie le premier tome de cette étude peint un tableau exhaustif de la famille en extrayant des sources l’ensemble des informations se rapportant aux Comnènes et à leurs parents afin, dans un deuxième temps de mieux comprendre comment le mariage est utilisé pour étendre son attraction et son pouvoir sur le reste de la population byzantine et sur le reste du monde médiéval du XIIe siècle, enfin une étude du corpus iconographique propre au réseau des Comnènes sera étudié afin de montrer l’existence ou non d’une évolution des cultes sous l’action de cette famille. Ce travail repose sur un corpus de sceaux dédié aux Comnène qui compose le second tomeWorthy heir to the Roman Empire of Occident, the Roman Empire of the East more commonly called Byzantine Empire is the scene many political changes and socio-economic since his creation at the 4th century. Among the actors of these evolutions are Komnenian, a family resulting from the aristocracy known as military that nothing predestined to occupy the higher realms of the imperial administration of 1057 to 1204. By firstly basing on the seals gathered in form the shape of a catalogue, it will be a question of clarifying the history of the family which gradually size up a network thanks to a strong matrimonial policy which is modified by the Komnenian emperors until reaching her apogee at the 12th century. Organized into three part the first volume of this study paints an exhaustive painting of the family by extracting from the sources the whole of information referring to Komnenian and with their parents so, in the second time to better understand how the family uses the marriage to extend her attraction and her power on the rest of the Byzantine population and on the rest of the world medieval of the 12th century, finally a study of the iconographic corpus suitable for the network of Komnenian will be studied in order to show the existence or not evolution of the worships under the action of this family. This work is based on a corpus of seals dedicated to Komnenian who composed the second volume
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Oda, Yuki. "Family Unity in U.S. Immigration Policy, 1921-1978." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8FB5118.
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"Family unity" is often upheld as the principle of U.S. immigration policy, central to the making and self-understanding of the U.S. as a "nation of immigrants." However, family-based immigration system was only born of struggles of immigrant families against the regime of restriction. As the era of open immigration ended in the U.S. in 1921, there emerged a fundamental tension between claims of immigrant families and the regime of immigration restriction. Much of what current immigration law recognizes as family, or how it matters, originated in the post-1921 era, born out of struggles by immigrant families. This dissertation examines the period between 1921 and 1978 from two perspectives. One is as an era of the three-tiered regulatory system created in the 1920s that lasted until the 1960s to the 1970s: 1) quotas restriction applied to European immigrants 2) exclusion of Asian immigrants, and 3) administrative regulation of immigration from Mexico without a firm ceiling. Another is as the formative years of contemporary immigration control that lasts today. The three-tiered system marked by explicit ethno-racial hierarchization closed first in 1965 by abolition of the quotas system in the Eastern Hemisphere, and finally in 1978 when Congress placed all countries including the Western Hemisphere under a worldwide ceiling. But the end of the quotas era was not a return to an era of open immigration, but an onset of alternative form of immigration restriction and regulation. With particular attention to linkage between ideas about family and ethno-racial composition of the U.S., the dissertation will discuss how claims of family, selective admission and restriction of family immigration, created, reinforced, and unmade the three-tiered immigration restriction regime. To date there has been no comprehensive historical study of the concept of the "family" in immigration law -- how it is defined, who is eligible as a family member and who is not, under what conditions families may be united or separated, and how family-based policies varied according to ethno-racial origin. This lack has resulted in a static and naturalized view of the family rather than a dynamic and contested concept in immigration law and policy. This dissertation explains the changes in definitions of family in immigration, deportation, and nationality law during the quotas era, shows how they are the product of challenges raised by immigrant families, and how they were inherited to the era of formally neutral and at the same time global immigration restriction.
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Brake, Elizbeth Kathleen. "Uncle Sam on the Family Farm: Farm Policy and the Business of Southern Agriculture, 1933-1965." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8037.
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This dissertation examines federal farm policy between 1933 and 1965 and its implementation in North and South Carolina. It argues that restricted economic democracy in the Farm State - the full array of agriculture regulations, programs, and agencies associated with the federal government - enabled policy makers to adhere strictly to the principles of progressive farming and parity in the development and implementation of farm policies. These ideals emphasized industrialized, commercial farming by ever-larger farms and excluded many smaller farms from receiving the full benefit of federal farm aid. The resulting programs, by design, contributed significantly to the contraction of the farm population and the concentration of farm assets in the Carolinas. They also steered rural economic development into the channels of agribusiness as a strategy to manage the consequences of those policies. The processes and programs that drove the smallest farms out of business in the early post-war era were beginning to threaten even larger, commercial farming enterprises by the 1960s. In this context, the economic and political interests of farmers became separate from and oppositional to those of industry or consumers and removed incentives to seek common ground. The unwavering pursuit of commercial farming and agribusiness prevented diversified rural development in the Carolinas and contributed to uneven distributions of prosperity in the region.
Using the methodologies of policy, business, and social history, this work draws upon evidence from a wide variety of sources including the papers of government farm agencies, correspondence of farmers, political office holders, and personnel of the USDA. It also consults the farm press and local press, the writings of farm policy leaders, and Congressional hearings and reports. These documents provide a multifaceted perspective on the development and implementation of farm programs in the Carolinas and offers a new look at the contested process through which farm policy was made and implemented in the post war period.
Dissertation
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Carey, Kristen. "Population management: the origins, implementation, and breakdown of localized population policy in Tanzania (1948-1999)." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41302.
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Panic over human population growth became a near-global phenomenon in the second half of the twentieth century. International networks encouraged governments to adopt population control methodologies that used state power and national policy to incentivize, and sometimes coerce, lower fertility rates. By the end of the century, the failures and draconian nature of population control led to a rebuke of broad demographic interventions. Population policy shifted toward a reproductive rights framework that privileged individual prerogative over any national agenda. My research introduces a conceptual middle ground that allows for coordinated state programming in the face of undesirable demographic trajectories, while also upholding a spectrum of individual liberty – what I call “population management.”
The model for population management is not hypothetical, but materialized in Tanzania during the Ujamaa era that lasted roughly two decades from 1967 to 1986. Through robust leadership, a sense of imagined kinship, moral nuance, and an active policymaking coalition, Tanzania nurtured an approach to changing demographics that centered population within its broader postcolonial development project. Population management encouraged reciprocal state and community action to assuage problems brought on by an increasing population, including education reforms, diversified family planning, and public health campaigns. The flexible concept of “responsible parenthood” kept varying groups of government actors, religious authorities, women’s organizations, community leaders, and health practitioners on the same page, as their multiplicity of lived experience helped define and inform policy.
Tanzania’s population management agenda reframes the historical narrative away from a binary of state control versus individual rights, and provides a model for future policymaking. Combating the attendant problems of population change requires broad networks working together, which makes collaboration and flexibility key to maintaining collective action. As global demographic agendas diverge with rapid population growth in regions of Africa and depopulation in high-income countries, governments will need to adopt contextualized population policies that acknowledge unique historical, personal, and local sensitivities.2022-07-15T00:00:00Z
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Badertscher, Katherine E. "Organized charity and the civic ideal in Indianapolis, 1879-1922." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/7818.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The Charity Organization Society of Indianapolis experienced founding, maturing, and corporate phases between 1879 and 1922. Indianapolis provided the ideal setting for the organized charity movement to flourish. Men and women innovated to act on their civic ideal to make Indianapolis a desirable city. As charity leaders applied the new techniques of scientific philanthropy, they assembled data one case at a time and based solutions to social problems on reforming individuals. The COS enjoyed its peak influence and legitimacy between 1891 and 1911. The organization continually learned from its work and advised other charities in Indianapolis and the U.S. The connected men and women engaged in organized charity learned that it was not enough to reform every individual who came to them for help. Industrialization created new socioeconomic strata and new forms of dependence. As the COS evolved, it implemented more systemic solutions to combat illness, unemployment, and poverty. After 1911 the COS stagnated while Indianapolis diversified economically, culturally, ethnically, and socially. The COS failed to adapt to its rapidly changing environment; it could not withstand competition, internal upheaval, specialization, and professionalization. Its general mission, to aid anyone in need, became lost in the shadow of child saving. Mid-level businessmen, corporate entities, professional social workers, service club members, and ethnic and racial minorities all participated in philanthropy. The powerful cache of social capital enervated and the civic ideal took on different dimensions. In 1922 the COS merged with other agencies to form the Family Welfare Society. This dissertation contributes to the scholarship of charity organization societies and social welfare policy. The scientific philanthropy movement did not represent an enormous leap from neighborhood benevolence. COSs represented neither a sinister agenda nor the best system to eradicate poverty. Organized charity did not create a single response to poverty, but a series of incremental responses that evolved over more than four decades. The women of Indianapolis exhibited more agency in their charitable work than is commonly understood. Charitable actors worked to harness giving and volunteering, bring an end to misery, and make Indianapolis an ideal city.
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Klein, JoanneMarie. "Invisible working-class men: Police constables in Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool, 1900-1939." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16561.
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This dissertation provides an occupational study of police constables in the three provincial English cities of Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool from 1900 to 1939. As a study of police life, it challenges the social control and police historians who support the thesis that policemen lose their class identity on joining the force. My findings indicate that policemen were able to adopt those parts of the police image that were helpful or attractive, such as their role as upholders of justice, without losing their cultural identity. Police constables remained members of the working class and interpreted the duties of policemen within a working-class context. As a study of the working class, this work expands on the theory that working-class members not only had their own culture but also were able to adapt and preserve that culture from interference from the establishment. While Robert Storch put forward this idea for the working class generally, but excluding policemen, I have extended it to include policemen as part of my thesis that policemen need to be recognized as members of the working class. This ability to resist interference from above is apparent in their practice of giving priority to duties that assisted the working class over those that hindered working-class activities and in their continuing working-class marriage patterns in spite of constant attention from their superior officers. The dissertation also confirms the conclusions of Elizabeth Roberts, John Gillis and other historians of the working class on working-class family life, neighborhood life, and sexuality. Having access to written police records rather than the primarily oral evidence of these historians, however, my evidence modifies their conclusions in areas such as premarital sexuality and adultery where oral evidence can be less reliable. Finally, as a history of the everyday lives of police constables, the dissertation allows a group that is usually historically silent to speak for themselves about their lives.
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ONDŘICHOVÁ, Marie. "Je správné mít v dnešní době více dětí? Historie, současný význam vícedětných rodin a jejich perspektivy se zvláštním ohledem na situaci v ČR." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172571.
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My diploma thesis deals with the question whether is good or not to have more children. The first chapter describes historical evolution of family, its changes and tasks in different historical periods. It also focuses on the value and position of a child in families. The second chapter focuses on the position of families with more children at the time after velvet revolution in the Czech Republic. It deals with actual demographical situation, economic conditions of families with more children and with official state methods of support of families. The third chapter is focused on motivation to parenthood, value of a child and on relationships in families with more children. The fourth chapter presents marriage, parenthood and families with more children from the catholic point of view. The thesis highlights the need of protection of the values that the family means to our society.
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Ranganathan, Shilpa. "The Effects of the Political-Legal Environment and Corporate Characteristics on Mergers and Acquisitions in India, 1991-2005." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10787.
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Emerging markets such as India have witnessed waves of domestic and cross-border mergers and acquisitions. This historical analysis, which consists of two parts, tests central tenets of resource dependence theory. The first part entails an analysis of the transition in public policy governing corporations between 1991 and 2005. The second part tests hypotheses derived from resource dependence theory relating to a firm’s decision to acquire. The analysis explores the factors that explain why firms engage in mergers and acquisitions by examining three specific policy periods (i.e., 1991-1996, 1997-2001 and 2002-2005). The findings from the historical analysis suggest that firms did not merely react to the conditions (i.e., constraints on capital) in their environment by undertaking merger and acquisition activity, but attempted to alter them as resource dependence theory suggests. Findings from the event history logit model also support resource dependence theory. Overall, the study shows that merger and acquisition activity increased during a period of intense deregulation (i.e., 1991-2005) brought about by the adoption of neo-liberal reforms, change to the multilayer subsidiary form, deregulation of the banking and financial sectors’ and reforms in foreign direct investment and equity markets. During this period of uncertainty, firms controlling more resources in terms of earnings, efficiency and number of subsidiaries were more likely to undertake acquisition activity as they have leverage in organization-environment relationships. The effect of number of subsidiaries on acquisition activity was the most consistent across policy periods’.
This dissertation is organized in the following manner: Following the introductory chapter, Chapter II is a historical examination of the three policy periods and includes an analysis of the effect of the political-legal environment on mergers and acquisitions between 1991 and 2005. Chapter III reviews the propositions of resource dependence theory that pertain to organizational change and presents research hypotheses related to mergers and acquisitions. Chapter IV describes the data, measurement and methodology employed in the quantitative analysis. Chapter V presents the findings from the quantitative analysis and discusses the results. The concluding chapter (Chapter VI) includes a presentation of the theoretical findings and discussion of the limitations and scope of the study.
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Tyler, John. "A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10885.
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American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law.
These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism.
In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method.
This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior.
The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent.
The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will.
Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.