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Rostovskaya, Т. К., and N. A. Bezverbnaya. "The Essence and Genesis of the State Family Policy of Great Britain." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 18, no. 2 (2019): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2019-18-2-125-133.
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Rostovskaya, Т. К., and N. A. Bezverbnaya. "The Essence and Genesis of the State Family Policy of Great Britain." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 18, no. 2 (2019): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2019-2-125-133.
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Schoon, Ingrid, and Elzbieta Polek. "Pathways to Economic Well-Being Among Teenage Mothers in Great Britain." European Psychologist 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000028.
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The present study examines pathways to independence from social welfare among 738 teenage mothers, participants of the 1970 British Cohort Study, who were followed up at age 30 years. Using a longitudinal design, a pathway model is tested, examining linkages between family social background, cognitive ability, school motivation, and individual investments in education, as well as work- and family-related roles. The most important factors associated with financial independence by age 30 are continued attachment to the labor market as well as a stable relationship with a partner (not necessarily the father of the child). Pathways to financial independence, in turn, are predicted through own cognitive resources, school motivation, and family cohesion. Implications of findings for policy making are discussed.
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Ermisch, John. "Impacts of Policy Actions on the Family and Household." Journal of Public Policy 6, no. 3 (July 1986): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004049.
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ABSTRACTThe influence of demographic factors on public policy is well recognised, but the impact of policies other than population policy on demographic behaviour is generally ignored. The paper discusses the effects of various aspects of social policy on marriage, fertility, divorce and household formation behaviour. While the focus is on Great Britain, examples from other countries and cross-national comparisons are employed in the analysis. It measures the effects of particular policies in order to show that the impact of social policies on family formation and dissolution is not just a theoretical possibility. They have significant influences on important aspects of the way in which we live, and in most cases these demographic effects were not recognised by policy makers.
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Labutina, Tatiana L. "“Two-Faced Janus”: Was Chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin in the Service of the British?" Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (July 19, 2024): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424030035.
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Reviewing the policy pursued by a prominent Russian statesman, head of the foreign policy department during the reign of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, Chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin, the author assesses his relations with the British ambassadors in the period between 1746 and 1756 somewhat differently compared to other historians. Great Britain, which was actively participating at that time in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), and then, preparing for the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), negotiated the lease of the Russian auxiliary military corps in exchange for the payment of cash subsidies. Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin played an active role in the negotiation process. However, whose interests was he protecting and was his service in a high public office entirely selfless? From the analysis of diplomatic correspondence between British ambassadors and the Secretary of State, the author concludes that Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin supported the British more often than not, as he was in the secret service of the British government. This is confirmed by the actions of the Chancellor, aimed at accelerating negotiations on subsidies in the interests of Great Britain, seeking to reduce their size, supporting the privileges of English merchants to the detriment of Russian interests, as well as supplying ambassadors with secret information about the armed forces of the country. The biography of the Chancellor, containing a number of dubious facts, such as documents forged by his father to prove the English ancestry of his family, an unusual acquaintance with the future King George I of Great Britain and service under him, receiving a permanent pension and expensive gifts from the British, suggests that Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin was recruited by the British while in the service of King George I, and therefore frequently acted in the interests of Great Britain.
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Batychenko, Svitlana. "FEATURES OF FAMILY POLICY IN EUROPE." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 60 (2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.60.65-72.
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Goal. Analysis of the peculiarities of family policy in European countries, such as France, Sweden, Germany, Great Britain. Method. The study is based on general scientific methods, namely, analysis and synthesis, descriptive, analytical. And also socio-geographical - comparative-geographical. Results. Family policy in European countries focuses on the life position of young people, promotes gender equality, creates opportunities to combine work, education and family activities through a well-developed infrastructure. The establishment of the modern family model in which both parents work and the expansion of public education and services for children and families reduce relatively high child poverty, create new jobs in services, and reduce social inequality. Although European countries pursue a common family-gender strategy, they also have their own traditional model of family protection. The Scandinavian model is characterized by comprehensive support for working parents with young children (under the age of three) through a combination of material mechanisms, holidays and wide access to childcare facilities. An important aspect is the policy of gender equality and women's integration in the labor market. The main source of funding for family policy - taxes. Anglo-Saxon - is characterized by deliberately less financial support from families by the state, giving priority to low-income families. The main idea is the non-interference of the state in family and marriage processes and ensuring the well-being of families through the general development of the welfare of society. "Napoleonic" - use intangible forms of support: tax benefits, targeted loans. France has the highest level of state support for families with children and support for working women. The principle of subsidiary security is professed. Taxes and financial contributions are used. The German fiscal system does not encourage couples to work equally, as the tax burden on domestic work is much higher for two full-time employees. Parental leave allows mothers to leave the labor market for up to three years for one child. Scientific novelty. Analysis and comparison of family policy features in European countries. Practical significance. Implementation of family policy measures in domestic practice based on the experience of European countries, choosing the most successful option. The best option is to improve the demographic situation in the country.
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Giovanis, Eleftherios. "The relationship between flexible employment arrangements and workplace performance in Great Britain." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2016-0083.
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Purpose There is an increasing concern on the quality of jobs and productivity witnessed in the flexible employment arrangements. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between various flexible employment arrangements and the workplace performance. Design/methodology/approach Home-based working, teleworking, flexible timing and compressed hours are the main employment types examined using the Workplace Employee Relations Survey (WERS) over the years 2004 and 2011 in Great Britain. The workplace performance is measured by two outcomes – the financial performance and labour productivity. First, the determinants of these flexible employment types are explored. Second, the ordinary least squares (OLS) method is followed. Third, an instrumental variable (IV) approach is applied to account for plausible endogeneity and to estimate the causal effects of flexible employment types on firm performance. Findings The findings show a significant and positive relationship between the flexible employment arrangements and the workplace performance. Education, age, wage, quality of relations between managers-employees, years of experience, the area of the market the workplace is operated and the competition are significant factors and are positively associated with the propensity of the implementation of flexible employment arrangements. Social implications The insights derived from the study can have various profound policy implications for employees, employers and the society overall, including family-work balance, coping with family demands, improving the firm performance, reducing traffic congestion and stress among others. Originality/value It is the first study that explores the relationship between flexible employment types and workplace performance using an IV approach. This allows us to estimate the causal effects of flexible employment types and the possible associated social implications.
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Konstantinovic-Vilic, Slobodanka, and Nevena Petrusic. "Police response to domestic violence: Theoretical framework and foreign experiences." Temida 8, no. 1 (2005): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0501003k.
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This paper is dedicated to recognizing police work and intervention in the cases of domestic violence. Keeping in mind the relationship between the offender and the victim in the cases of domestic violence, seriousness of the consequences, as well as the fact that, during the intervention, police is the first state agency which ?disturbs? the sphere of family privacy, it is very important to study the way police is reacting, establish the degree of its efficiency and explore the factors that determine the efficiency of police intervention. The paper points out the policy of police response to domestic violence in some foreign systems (Great Britain, USA, Australia). Particular attention is paid to consideration of activities police is dealing with while collecting the data on the violence, victim and the offender, the way police is reacting in order to prevent new violence, as well as the responsibility and aims police has during the intervention.
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Toon, Peter D. "Congratulations to the Department of Family Medicine of NWSMU named after I.I. Mechnikov for 25 years anniversary. Letter to the editorial board." Russian Family Doctor 25, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd64145.
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The letter briefly describes cooperation of the St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Studies and Royal college of general practitioners (Great Britain) with active participation of the author, aimed at improving the training of general practitioners in Russia and the contribution of the Department of Family Medicine of St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Studies (now North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov) in the implementation of joint international projects.
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Tucci, Joe. "The value of co–ordination in child protection: An interview with Christine Hallett." Children Australia 20, no. 1 (1995): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004363.
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Christine Hallett is Professor of Social Policy and Chair of the Department of Applied Social Science, University of Stirling, Scotland. She has written extensively in the area of child protection policy, child inquiries and inter-professional communication. In 1992, in conjunction with Elizabeth Birchall, she completed a major review of the literature on the issue of co-ordination in child protection work. It has formed the basis for a research study funded by the Department of Health Into inter-agency and professional co-ordination in the practice and policies of child protection.This interview was conducted whilst I was on a study tour of Great Britain supported by a Creswick Foundation Fellowship in Family Relations and Child Development and the Department of Social Work, Monash University. In the interview, Christine discusses her views about the efficacy of co-ordination, its drawbacks and the policy implications for emphasising the importance of inter-agency co-ordination in protecting children.
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Haynes, Philip, Laura Banks, and Michael Hill. "Social networks amongst older people in OECD countries: a qualitative comparative analysis." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 29, no. 1 (February 2013): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2013.802988.
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Using data from The International Social Survey Programme this paper compares the social networks of those aged 50 and above in 18 countries. Two different types of networks are conceptualised: family contact and community participation. Using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), international sets are established for four groups of countries. Set one includes countries that only satisfy a minimal number of social network thresholds (France, Norway, Great Britain, Denmark and the USA). Set two includes a homogeneous group of countries with above-threshold rates of marriage and community participation (Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Austria and Canada). Other separate sets with stronger social network features comprise Eastern European countries (set three) and Southern Europe countries (set four) in these sets, family contacts are above the international country average but community participation is less strong. Country sets with low comparative threshold scores in the QCA are argued to be likely to be in greater need of government care policy interventions.
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Velichko, Ekaterina. "To the Establishment of the Practice of Royal Visits to the Colonies of Great Britain: Background for the First Official Tour of the Prince of Wales to Canada in 1860." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2(62) (December 18, 2023): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-197-210.
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The article regards the background of the first official visit of a member of the royal family to the colonial possessions of the British Empire – the tour of the Prince of Wales to Canada in 1860. The purpose of the analysis is to trace how the history of the emergence and development of the idea of traveling the heir
to the British throne to Canada reflected the evolution of the views of the British and colonial politicianson of the Empire building and its perspectives. It is proved that the initiative of the royal journey,coming from the Canadian administration
and supported by the British government,was aimed at strengthening ties between the mother country and the colony and solving pragmatic problems on both sides.The obtained results allow us to conclude that the project of the first official
royal tour to overseas territories of Britain, being a product of the thought of the colonial society, indicated the mutual desire of the administration of Britain and Canada to find a balance of interests between the mother country and the colony in the process of updating forms and methods of colonial interaction and constructing the course of imperial policy.
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Dynіuk, A. A., and L. O. Samilyk. "Ensuring gender balance in family relations: national and European experience." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.39.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of gender equality in family legal relations taking into account the European experience. The theoretical essence and place of gender issues in the family policy of Ukraine has been established.
The gender legislation, which forms the basis of legal regulation of family relations in Ukraine, is analyzed: the main norms of the Constitution of Ukraine in the field of gender equality; norms of the Family Code of Ukraine and other national normative legal acts that ensure the equality of men and women in the institution of the family; international documents that were ratified by Ukraine in this area.
The problem of discrimination against men according to social stereotypes and the problem of violence in the family are considered.
It is noted that the war on the territory of Ukraine has an extremely negative effect on family legal relations, as it causes such negative consequences as the absence of a father or mother in the family, a broken psyche of children, an increase in cases of deviant behavior, changeable family relations, the spread of single-parent families, etc.
European experience in solving the main problems of gender policy was studied and parallels with Ukrainian legislation were drawn.
The directions of European family policy are considered, such as: children's well-being, gender equality, combination of family life and employment. The research conducted by MORI as part of the Here and Now task in Great Britain is analyzed; Sweden's experience in regulating the equal participation of men and women in household chores and parental responsibilities; The Gender Equality Index, which represents the current state of European gender roles and their formation, through indicators relating to the dimensions of Knowledge, Work, Money, Time, Power and Health.
It is proposed to develop a national concept of family development and gender equality, based on the analysis of modern national processes and world experience.
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Hwang, C. Philip. "Scandinavian Experience in Providing Alternative Care." Pediatrics 91, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.1.264.
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What are Swedes like? Recently, this question received a great deal of attention in the Swedish media, because of an article published in the Daily Mail by an English journalist, Geoffrey Levy. He described Swedes as being lazy, sick, and totally unable to enjoy anything nice in life. In addition, Swedish cars are wrecks, Swedes dress sloppily, and, if you do not want to work, you do not need to—but you are still fully paid. Finally, he described family policy in Sweden: "Just imagine a country where mothers as well as fathers can stay at home 12 months, with almost full pay after a baby is born, or a country where the state pays almost 6000 pounds for every child that goes to a day-care center—this would be totally impossible in Britain." How did the Swedish public react to Geoffrey Levy's article? Surprisingly, most people agreed with his description of the Swedes. Yes, we are lazy, too many people are sick, and we are unable to enjoy the good things in life. There was only one major issue where most people disagreed with Geoffrey Levy. Very few were negative about family policy in Sweden. On the contrary, most people took parental leave, the possibility of staying at home with a sick child, and publicly funded day care for granted. In the first part of this presentation, I will describe family policy in Sweden and, in particular, how the society supports and provides care for children under school age (which in Sweden starts at 6-7).
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Mosakova, E. A., and K. Kizilova. "Labor market in the UK in digital era: The gender dimension." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-512-519.
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The article considers gender discrimination in the field of labor relations in the United Kingdom (UK) in the pre-covid period. In the past decades, the Western European countries have made the most significant progress in achieving gender equality in various fields, including labor relations, and became the world leader in this area. However, despite all the efforts of the international community, no country has achieved a full gender equality, and Great Britain is no exception. The authors argue that the British anti-discrimination legislation (before leaving the European Union) was based on international acts and conventions. For a long time, there were acts and laws prohibiting discrimination in the labor market, which seriously hindered the implementation of an effective anti-discrimination policy in the sphere of labor relations. It was not until 2010 that the law on equality was passed to replace all previous laws and regulations and to provide an exhaustive list of criteria for prohibiting discrimination. As a result, Great Britain began to develop a rather strict national anti-discrimination legislation in the field of labor relations. Thus, in the past decades, the UK has been achieving gender equality in the economic sphere at a faster pace than the average European Union country. The study shows a steady decline in the gender wage gap in the UK over the past two decades, which may be considered one of the countrys most significant achievements in fighting gender discrimination in the labor market. However, there is still a number of serious challenges: a relatively low female labor force participation and employment rate, a gender wage gap and income gap, horizontal and vertical segregation, a gender gap in postgraduate education, and a significant gender gap in time spent on family responsibilities. Age discrimination presents a special problem in the sphere of labor relations in Great Britain. In the European Union, the first laws prohibiting age discrimination were adopted only in the 2000s, and in the UK - in 2006. This problem still remains extremely acute for the labor market, since age discrimination in the UK ranks third among the most common grounds for discrimination - after gender and disability.
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Velychenko, Stephen. "Empire Loyalism and Minority Nationalism in Great Britain and Imperial Russia, 1707 to 1914: Institutions, Law, and Nationality in Scotland and Ukraine." Comparative Studies in Society and History 39, no. 3 (July 1997): 413–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500020715.
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In 1812 a Russian army inflicted two decisive defeats on the Persian army. The resulting Treaty of Gulistan shifted tsarist borders 250 miles south and secured Russian control over Georgia and the Caspian Sea littoral. The commanding general, Piotr Kotliarevsky, received a second St. George Cross (the equivalent of the Victoria Cross) for this accomplishment—wounded in the battle, surgeons removed forty pieces of bone from his skull to save his life. The Persians were allied to Britain, who, fearing Russian and French designs on India, had sent a mission in 1810 headed by General John Malcolm, to the Shah. Charles Christie, a military advisor on the mission was killed in battle. Whereas Malcolm was an important agent of British policy in Central Asia and India, Christie was one of the first Europeans to travel and map the Afghano–Persian frontier. These achievements are normally logged into Russian and English history, but the men behind them were not native Russians nor Englishmen. Kotliarevsky was born into a lesser Ukrainian noble family in Kharkiv (Kharkov) province, while Malcolm and Christie were Scots. Like thousands of their countrymen, they served and made careers in the empires that ruled their native lands. A Ukrainian was Peter I's principal panegyrist. Scots wrote Rule Britannia and created “John Bull.”
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McConkey, Roy, and Sarah Craig. "Change over 12 years in residential provision for adult persons with intellectual disabilities in Ireland." Tizard Learning Disability Review 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-01-2017-0001.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to document the impact of major policy changes and reductions in government funding on residential provision for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Ireland. Design/methodology/approach Ireland is unique in having a national database of people in receipt of services from specialist ID providers. Information on persons in residential settings from 2005 to 2016 was examined in terms of changes in the types of provision over time and broken down by age groups. Findings From 2011 onwards, cuts in government funding coincided with a continuing reduction in the overall provision of residential accommodation for adults with ID. There was a parallel increase in the number of people living with family carers, especially persons aged 55 years and over. The greatest reduction was in residential centres which was in line with recent policy but this was not matched by an increase in alternative options, with fewer people aged 20-34 living in residential accommodation of any kind. Compared to Great Britain, Ireland has proportionately more residential places with fewer people living independently. Social implications More Irish families have to continue caring for their adult relatives into their old age. Likewise, those resident in group homes and living independently are growing older which means there is an increased likelihood they will require additional support. Originality/value This national data set is a valuable tool for monitoring changes in service provision over time and for determining the impact of government policy and funding decisions.
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Erdmanis, Rihards. "PARENTS ROLE IN EDUCATION PROCESS AND THEIR RIGHTS, DUTIES IN COOPERATION WITH THE EDUCATION INSTITUTION." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 21, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol2.3882.
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Latvia’s educational policymakers already in 2006 pointed out that one of the main obstacles to raising public awareness about the development of education is poor teacher training for working with parents. It means that a full understanding of the educational process by parents and teachers is unthinkable without cooperation. Respectively, cooperation with educational staff, pupils, parents and family, employers, local governments and state institutions, public organizations and society are pointed out as a fundamental principle of education development policy. Alongside with the other equally important basic principles - systemicity, succession, sustainability, accessibility and coordination. In Great Britain, executive representatives recommend actively incorporating parents into educational policies and practices. The inclusion of parents in teaching-related activities alongside prepared teachers has proved to be a useful factor in improving the attendance of school, the quality of teaching and social cohesion. The author thinks that it is necessary to find out the role of parents in the education process both in pedagogy and in jurisprudence. In Latvia, there are no researches done about this topic. The Education Law of the Republic of Latvia defines both the rights and responsibilities of parents. So, it means that it is important to look closer to these rights and responsibilities.
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Mashevskyi, Oleh. "EUROPEAN UNION AND GREAT BRITAIN IS SEEKING NEW FORMS OF COOPERATION Review of the monograph by A.V. Grubinko, A. Yu. Martynov “The European Union after BREXIT: a continuation of history” (Ternopil – Kyiv, 2021. 258 p.)." European Historical Studies, no. 19 (2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.19.8.
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The authors of the monograph focused on the scientific analysis of an actual scientific and applied topic, which concerns the problem of adaptation of the European Union to the new conditions that have emerged since the UK left the EU. It is symbolic that this process coincided with the crisis of the globalization process due to the pandemic and its challenges to international security. The modern European Union is both an international and a state-like entity, which combines the features of at least three state unions: an international intergovernmental organization, a confederation and a federation. This not only determines the complexity of the subject of study, but also its inconsistency. In conditions of radical social change, it is always difficult to track and adequately analyze them. This titanic task is further complicated by the presence of an in-house methodological crisis in the family of social sciences. Therefore, given all these objective difficulties, we can only welcome attempts to find a new theoretical and methodological synthesis, which should help society to understand the essence of historical time and act in it as rationally and efficiently as possible. The pages of the monograph raise questions about the heuristic potential of the study of the problem of European historical experience; in addition, significant attention is paid to the coverage of a systematic approach to the social vector of European policy. It also addresses the issue of solving key social problems that stand in the way of qualitative deepening of European integration while maintaining the basic guidelines of social market economy. Among these issues, the authors highlight and analyze the most important aspects, which relate primarily to overcoming poverty and combating unemployment. The monograph outlines the range of methodological problems of transformational historical period, involved in its study synthesizing approach, which consists in the use of historical, socio-philosophical, economic, political science, legal approaches. This approach allows to restore the synthesis of scientific knowledge, which is often disrupted not only by the tendency to specialized fragmentation of complex objects of study, but also allows to take into account the specifics of the transitional historical period. In a geographical sense, not all European regions are equally developed, due to their different economic specialization, which has developed as a result of the historical division of labor. Eventually, there is a tendency to shifting responsibility for solving the problems of poor regions to themselves. The same German experience with the unification of East and West of the country has shown that even huge investments in infrastructure development, introduction of new technologies, efforts to increase productivity – all this together do not solve quickly enough the problem of social convergence. The leveling of the social space of richer and poorer federal states is rather slow. Last but not least, these problems became a good reason for the Great Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union. The issue of the monograph is of practical importance for the foreign policy of Ukraine. After all, the European Union is an important neighbor, trade and political partner of Ukraine and accession to it is actually declared as a prototype of a strategic national idea. The European project is essentially postmodern, as it seeks to overcome the modernism with which nationalism is associated and to reach a level of tolerant agreement of different national interests. The intensification of the globalization process has prompted integration structures to perform functions that limit national sovereignty. Historiographical discourse of common foreign and defense policy of European Union proves that this strategic course of European integration depends on the ability of elites and peoples of Europe to find a common European identity and organize around it the process of determining the place and role of the European Union in the modern system of international relations. This process in the distant historical perspective remains an open possibility with an unguaranteed positive or negative result. Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union, which was unexpected for many researchers of European integration, matured gradually. The authors of the peer-reviewed monograph list the main trends that influenced this decision. First of all, we are talking about the unregulated EU development strategy, the fate of the common European currency, the imperfection of the system of decision-making in the field of common foreign and security policy, which led to an ineffective EU response to Russian and Chinese autocratic challenges. Despite the objective problems associated with mutual adaptation of old and new EU member states, the European integration project continues to be seen as the key to addressing the challenges of modern life and finding answers to the challenges of globalization. In particular, in the final sixth chapter, the author focuses on the theoretical, methodological and practical analysis of the problem of democracy. The authors of the monograph are looking for an answer to the question of what the European Union will be like after the exit of Great Britain. No less important is the question of whether Britain will become a “global” Britain after leaving the European Union. Of course, Britain is concerned about turning the EU into a superpower that has not only its own flag, anthem, currency, but also the germ of a common European army and tries to pursue a common foreign and defense policy. London advocates stronger resistance from China and ousting Russia from Europe. Changing regional influences in the EU may create a new structure of conflict of interest not only for individual countries but also for various regional groups. The issue of a clear division of powers between supranational and national authorities at all levels seems ripe. More adequate to this trend will be not so much a more centralized federalist Europe as a decentralized confederative one. By the way, the model of the latter looks more open for further expansion. This work is imbued with the spirit of realistic Europeanism. Therefore, not least because of this, the peer-reviewed monograph will become a notable phenomenon in domestic European studies.
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Serediuk, V. V. "The role and meaning of the state in neoconservatism." INTERPRETATION OF LAW: FROM THE THEORY TO THE PRACTICE, no. 12 (2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2021-12-39.
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Neoconservatism as an ideological and political-economic system of knowledge contains a number of ideas about the role, tasks, purpose and meanings of the modern state, its relationship with social institutions (family, church, NGOs), as well as its role in economic relations. American neoconservatism, in contrast to British or German, is also characterized by attention to the foreign policy function of the state. Reconsideration of the role, tasks and significance of the state in various spheres of society and in international relations in modern conditions determines the relevance of our study of this issue. Neoconservatism, the ideas of which were implemented in the policies of the conservative parties of the United States, Great Britain, and Germany in the 1970-1990s, continues to influence the implementation of national and international policies of various states to this day. Neoconservatism, unlike neoliberalism, offers a different understanding of the role and meaning of the modern state. Traditional values are ideologically substantiated and promoted: family, religion, morals, community, and the state. An important place in neoconservatism is given to social institutions, the need to overcome isolation of the individual from the institution of community (religious, social, government). The integration of the individual into social institutions and the return of the importance of the state authority in the worldview of the individual are considered priorities of state influence. American neoconservatism substantiates the US foreign policy function – to protect the democratic values in international relations. In the economic sphere, neoconservatives insist on reducing government intervention in market relations, returning to the ideals of classical economic liberalism, and taking a number of fiscal and monetary policy measures to reduce inflation, unemployment, and stimulate economic development. Although neoconservatism recognizes the need to build a strong state, it is not seen as authoritarian, encroaching on,restricting or abolishing human and civil rights and freedoms recognized in democracies after World War II. However, freedom is understood as a sphere of free behavior of the individual, which exists in relations with other members of society and is limited by the freedom of another person. Keywords: neoconservatism, state, role, individual, social institutions, traditional values, intervention, economy, law.
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Stead, Martine, Curtis Jessop, Kathryn Angus, Helen Bedford, Michael Ussher, Allison Ford, Douglas Eadie, Andy MacGregor, Kate Hunt, and Anne Marie MacKintosh. "National survey of attitudes towards and intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19: implications for communications." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e055085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055085.
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ObjectivesTo examine public views on COVID-19 vaccination and consider the implications for communications and targeted support.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOnline and telephone nationally representative survey in Great Britain, January to February 2021.Participants4978 adults. Survey response rate was 84%, among the 5931 panellists invited.Main outcome measuresSociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, education, financial status), COVID-19 status, vaccine acceptance, trust in COVID-19 vaccination information sources, perceptions of vaccination priority groups and perceptions of importance of second dose.ResultsCOVID-19 vaccine acceptance (83%) was associated with increasing age, higher level of education and having been invited for vaccination. Acceptance decreased with unconfirmed past COVID-19, greater financial hardship and non-white British ethnicity; black/black British participants had lowest acceptance. Overall, healthcare and scientific sources of information were most trusted. Compared with white British participants, other ethnicities had lower trust in healthcare and scientific sources. Those with lower educational attainment or financial hardship had lower trust in healthcare and scientific sources. Those with no qualifications had higher trust in media and family/friends. While trust was low overall in community or faith leaders, it was higher among those with Asian/Asian British and black/black British ethnicity compared with white British participants. Views of vaccine prioritisation were mostly consistent with UK official policy but there was support for prioritising additional groups. There was high support for having the second vaccine dose.ConclusionsTargeted engagement is needed to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in non-white British ethnic groups, in younger adults, and among those with lower education, greater financial hardship and unconfirmed past infection. Healthcare professionals and scientific advisors should play a central role in communications and tailored messaging is needed for hesitant groups. Careful communication around vaccination prioritisation continues to be required.
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HAGGMAN, BERTIL. "The Bendery Constitution and Pylyp Orlyk and His Government-in-Exile in Sweden in 1715–1720." Право України, no. 2020/01 (2020): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.33498/louu-2020-01-288.
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The period 1709 to 1720 was of historic importance in the Ukrainian struggle for freedom and independence. On April 5, 1710, on Turkish territory in Bendery, Ukraine’s first constitution was inaugurated. The main author was Orlyk. After the Battle of Poltava in June 1709 King Charles XII of Sweden and the newly elected Hetman Pylyp Orlyk were in exile. In the fall of 1709 Hetman Ivan Mazepa had died in Moldavian Bendery. Orlyk, his chancellor, was elected hetman of Ukraine in the spring of 1710. The Bendery Constitution is not only an expression of the rights of a free Ukrainian people. It may be the main earliest document in modern Ukrainian intellectual history. The constitution is probably also the oldest constitution in the world of the modern era. The first Ukrainian constitution confirmed the status of the “ancient Cossack nation” and its century long struggle for freedom and independence. It guarantees the supremacy of a Kyiv metropolitan. A large number of the rights of the Cossacks are provided for as well as the protection by the king of Sweden. In 1714 around 40 of the Ukrainians in Moldavia left for exile together with Swedes returning home. The journey across Europe first ended in Stralsund (Swedish Pommerania) in May 1715. Later that year to avoid capture Hetman Orlyk and the Ukrainians (including parts of the government) left Stralsund by ship for Ystad, Sweden. Orlyk and family came to reside in the fortress city of Kristianstad in southern Sweden 1716 to 1719 while his government continued to Stockholm. During 1719 to 1720 Orlyk joined them in the Swedish capital. The Ukrainian government-in-exile in Stockholm was supported by the Swedish government of Frederic I and especially by the prominent Swedish politician Daniel von Höpken. The latter aided Orlyk and his ministers financially and most likely with living quarters. In June 1720 von Höpken in a letter advised the king that Orlyk should be financially supported and be given the opportunity to leave Sweden to continue the fight for freedom and independence of Ukraine and lead the Ukrainian Cossacks against Russia. In January 1719 Orlyk had been greatly encouraged by the Treaty of Vienna between Austria, Hannover and Saxony against Russia and its aggressive policy in Eastern Europe. In a last letter dated Stockholm October 10, 1720, Orlyk wrote in Latin to King Frederic I that when leaving Sweden he first planned to visit the King of Great Britain, then Vienna and after that via Hungary go further east. In foreign policy Orlyk’s best hope was King George I of Great Britain. He was willing to go to war against Russia but in the end could find no partners. British naval squadrons entered the Baltic Sea from 1719 to 1721 but could not attack Russian ports. The result was that George I advised Frederic I to conclude peace with Peter I on what terms he could. At Nystad in 1721, however, the question of Ukraine’s freedom and independence was not on the agenda of the Swedish negotiators. The Bendery constitution of 1710 remains as a monument to Ukraine’s first main attempt to break away from Russian domination. Full freedom and independence of Ukraine was finally achieved in 2014.
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Parveen Shaieka. "History of Handloom Industry in Assam with special reference to Sualkuchi." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S3 (November 19, 2023): 1614–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-3.1942.
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The Handloom Industry plays a vital role in the socio – economic structure of Assam in terms of providing employment and production of clothes. At the same time preserve and propagate the rich cultural heritage of Assam. Weaving in Assam is as old as human civilization itself and the art of weaving are being passed from one generation to the next. The existence of high-quality weaving skill and production of fine textiles is well documented in great epics like Mahabharata and ancient treatise like Arthashastra1of Kautilya (Choudhry, 1987). Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang also gives rich description of existence of high-quality weaving products and their general liking of the Royal family and the nobility. Writing is the early 19th century, before the British annexed Assam, Francis Hamilton2 has given an accurate account of the state of weaving in Assam (Sarma, 2012). This Industry was directly patronized by the state, so much so that queens established weaving schools in the palace, to teach the art of weaving to the daughters of the noble widows and other female members of the household of executed prisoners were also employed by the art for spinning and weaving as a means of subsistence. The neo – vaishnavite movement of the Shri Sankardev was an equally potent force in the development in the art of weaving, especially of figured cloth. After annexation of Assam by the British3, the Handloom industry declined rapidly particularly in cities. Another British policy of de – industrialization of Assam, instead of export of cotton clothes and silk products, Assam became export of raw cotton and cocoon to fuel the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Despite, dwindling of textile weaving like all other arts with the fall of the Ahom rule, it never became extinct as many other branches of Assamese art. It is still a living art as much in demand as it had been in the medieval period (Goswami, 2012)
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JOHNSON, GAYNOR. "BRITISH POLICY TOWARDS EUROPE, 1919–1939 Neville Chamberlain and appeasement. By R. Caputi. London: Susquehanna University Press, 2000. Pp. 271. ISBN 1-57591-027-6. £35.00. The Paris Peace Conference, 1919: peace without victory? Edited by M. Dockrill and J. Fisher. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. xvi+97. ISBN 0-333-77630-5. £40.00. British foreign policy, 1919–1939. By P. W. Doerr. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998. Pp. xi+291. ISBN 0-7190-4672-6. £14.99. Neville Chamberlain. By D. Dutton. London: Edward Arnold, 2001. Pp. xii+245. ISBN 0-340-70627-9. £12.99. Austen Chamberlain and the commitment to Europe: British foreign policy, 1924–1929. By R. S. Grayson. London: Frank Cass, 1997. Pp. xviii+318. ISBN 0-7146-4758-6. £37.50. Lloyd George and the lost peace: from Versailles to Hitler, 1919–1940. By A. Lentin. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. xvii+182. ISBN 0-333-91961-0. £40.00. Peacemakers: the Paris Conference of 1919 and its attempt to end war. By M. Macmillan. London: John Murray, 2001. Pp. xii+574. ISBN 0-7195-5939-1. £25.00. ‘The Times’ and appeasement: the journals of A. L. Kennedy, 1932–1939. Edited by G. Martel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Royal Historical Society, Camden Fifth Series. Pp. xvii+312. ISBN 0-521-79354-8. £40.00. Britain and the Ruhr crisis. By E. Y. O'Riordan. London: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. x+237. ISBN 0-333-76483-8. £40.00. The Neville Chamberlain diary letters,I: The making of a politician, 1915–1920. Edited by R. Self. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000. Pp. ix+423. ISBN 1-84014-691-5. £75.00. The Neville Chamberlain diary letters, II: The reform years, 1921–1927. Edited by R. Self. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000. Pp. x+461. ISBN 1-84014-692-3. £75.00." Historical Journal 46, no. 2 (June 2003): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003042.
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In the last eighty years, an enormous amount of scholarly attention has been devoted to explaining why Europe was at the centre of two cataclysmic conflicts in the first half of the twentieth century. The books considered here represent part of a resurgence of interest in British foreign policy in the interwar period and are primarily concerned with the policy of reconciliation towards the former Central Powers after the First World War, especially the appeasement of Germany. They offer a further opportunity to challenge the still-held misapprehension that appeasement was a strand of British policy that only appeared after Hitler's rise to power. They also offer a means of examining British foreign policy through sources inside and outside the government. Gordon Martel's volume illustrates the amount of journalistic pressure that was put on the British government to recognize and act on the likely threats to international peace. Austen and Neville Chamberlain, the sons of the great nineteenth-century Conservative politician, Joseph Chamberlain, were at the centre of the British foreign policy making process during the interwar period. Indeed, Robert Self's two volumes of letters written by Neville Chamberlain to his sisters illustrate how steeped in foreign and domestic politics the whole Chamberlain family was. Richard Grayson sees a long, unbroken attempt to accommodate Germany diplomatically starting with Austen Chamberlain and the treaty of Locarno. The importance of Neville Chamberlain's contribution to the history of British foreign policy is offered further recognition through surveys of the historiography of his premiership by David Dutton and Robert Caputi.
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Numgaudienė, Ariana, and Birutė Žygaitienė. "Content Analysis of Technology Teacher Training Programmes of Some European Countries." Pedagogika 113, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2014.1755.
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The article deals with the problems of designing and updating study programmes during the integration process of the Lithuanian education system into the European education space. After the substantial change of general programmes of Basic education(2008) and Secondary education (2011) and seeking to fully involve self-development of general cultural, subject specific, generic and specific competencies which are necessary for teachers, it is important to update the study programmes.The problem of the research: what content of technology teacher training programme should be from the innovations point of view in order to meet the expectations of the changing society.The object of the research: the innovative content of the technology teacher training programme.The aim of the research: to highlight the innovative aspects of the content of technology teacher training programmes, having performed content analysis of technology teacher training programmes of the universities of Lithuania and some European countries.Research methods:analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the programmes of universities of some European countries which provide training for technology teachers as well as the analysis of the legal acts and strategic education policy documents of the European Union and the Republic of Lithuania.Updating of the study programme of technological education is a permanent process, which is conditioned by the following factors: market economy and the needs of information society, the fact that higher education is becoming mass, penetration of humanistic ideas into the content of education as well as the valid unified study quality assessment policy in the European Union.Taking into account the recommendations of the international experts’ group and considering international changes of analogous study programmes, the Committee of Technology Pedagogics Study Programmes of Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences in cooperation with the social partners carried out a research of opinions of students, graduates, university lecturers and employers on the study quality.They also performed a comprehensive analysis of the Bachelor’s degree study programmes of some Western European universities. The analysis revealed that theoretical models of study programmes design of different European universities have similarities and differences, which are determined by the philosophical aspect, humanistic ideas and the context of the national education policy. In the research the experience of five universities from the innovations point of view was used: the University of Helsinki (Finland), Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh (Great Britain), the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (Portugal), and the University of Iceland.The following elective subjects have been included in the study programme of technology pedagogics: pedagogical ethics, sustainable development and social welfare, educational creative projects, family health education, health promoting nutrition education, visualization of technology education, eco creations, national and global food culture, interior design, technology education for special needs students, art therapy, development of leadership competencies, formation of study archives. The hidden curriculum of the study programme of technology pedagogics is ethnic culture, ecology, project activities.
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Murphy, M. J. "Differential family formation in Great Britain." Journal of Biosocial Science 19, no. 4 (October 1987): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017107.
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SummaryDifferentials in variables concerned with the timing, number, and distribution of fertility by a wide range of socioeconomic, attitudinal, inherited and housing characteristics from the British Family Formation Survey are reported. Variables associated with the couple's housing history and the wife's employment career are becoming more strongly associated with demographic differentials among younger cohorts than traditionally-based ones such as religion or region of residence. Cluster analysis techniques show which groups of family formation variables are strongly associated with particular types of non-demographic ones, and a natural grouping of explanatory variables is derived. The implications of these conclusions for data collection in demographic surveys are discussed.
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GOSTIN, LARRY, and DEREK RUSSELL DAVIES. "Mental handicap policy in Great Britain." Journal of the British Institute of Mental Handicap (APEX) 11, no. 1 (August 26, 2009): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1983.tb00098.x.
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WALTERS, RUTH M. "Mental handicap policy in Great Britain." Journal of the British Institute of Mental Handicap (APEX) 11, no. 3 (August 26, 2009): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1983.tb00149.x.
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Jones, Ian. "Transport policy and planning Great Britain." Australian Planner 47, no. 3 (September 2010): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2010.509032.
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Morgan, David H. J. "Family Theory and Research in Great Britain." Marriage & Family Review 23, no. 1-2 (November 13, 1996): 457–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j002v23n01_05.
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Phillipson, Chris. "Family care in Great Britain: Sociological perspectives." Ageing International 24, no. 1 (December 1997): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12126-997-1024-z.
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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Gbolahan Gbadamosi, and Ellis L. C. Osabutey. "Work-family balance." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2016-0010.
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Purpose Given the reality that working mothers experience difficulties in achieving work-family balance because of the social restrictions that arise from parenting combined with career goals, this paper aims to explore the various coping strategies that are used by working mothers in the cities of London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 72 mothers who worked in banks in London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Thematic analysis and investigator triangulation are used. Findings The findings reveal various coping strategies used by working mothers in the cities of Lagos and London. The paper also unearths the efficiency and the shortcomings of the use of au pairs among British working mothers and the similarities and disparities in terms of such use compared to the traditional use of housekeepers in Nigeria. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing work–family balance literature by exploring the coping strategies of working mothers because of sociocultural and institutional differences in Great Britain and Nigeria.
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Henham, Ralph J. "Dangerousness and sentencing policy in Great Britain*." Policy Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1999): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442879908423776.
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Goodwin, Phil. "Transformation of transport policy in Great Britain." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 33, no. 7-8 (September 1999): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-8564(99)00011-7.
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Clarke, Lynda. "Children's family circumstances: recent trends in Great Britain." European Journal of Population 8, no. 4 (December 1992): 309–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01796625.
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İlqar oğlu İlyasov, Mirpaşa. "Foreign policy of Great Britain in modern period." SCIENTIFIC WORK 77, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/77/232-236.
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Bu məqalədə XXI əsrdə Böyük Britaniyanın xarici siyasətində strategiyaları, əsas istiqamətləri, siyasi arenada fəaliyyəti analiz ediləcək. Böyük Britaniyanın qarşısına qoyduğu məqsədlər, Avropa İttifaqından ayrılması prosesi, xarici siyasəti ilə bağlı yanaşmalar və xarici siyasətdə dövlətlərlə olan əlaqələrinin təhlil olunması aparılacaq. Brexit-ə səbəb olan amillər, Böyük Britaniyanın Avropa İttifaqından ayrılması və Brexit-nin səbəb olduğu reaksiyaların analizləri öz əksini bu yazıda tapacaq. ABŞ və Rusiya ilə olan münasibətləri, gələcək geosiyasi mənzərəsi, marağı və əməkdaşlıq etmək istədiyi regionlar haqqında məlumatlar əks olunacaq. Böyük Britaniyanın təhlükəsizlik və müdafiə məsələlərindən, təhlükəsiz enerji mənbələri və dövlətlərlə iqtisadi-ticari əməkdaşlıqdan danışılacaq. Böyük Britaniyanın köhnə müstəmləkələri ilə olan əlaqələri və bu əlaqələrin gələcək perpektivləri nəzərdən keçirilib analiz ediləcək. Hazırkı dövrdə Ukrayna məsələsi ilə bağlı Böyük Britaniyanın mövqeyi təhlil olunacaq.Müasir dövrdə Böyük Britaniyanın aktiv rolunun artması və faəliyyətinin əsas prioritet istiqamətləri bu məqalədə təhlil olunub, ümumiləşdiriləcək. Açar sözlər: siyasət, strategiya, BREXİT, inteqrasiya, maraqlar, suverenlik, beynəlxalq nizam, müttəfiqlik, ABŞ, Rusiya Mirpasha Ilgar İlyas Foreign policy of Great Britain in modern period Abstract This article is about the XXI century of the United Kingdom. will analyze the foreign policy strategies, main directions and activities in the 20th century. The goals set by the United Kingdom, the process of leaving the European Union, its approaches to foreign policy and relations with states in foreign policy will be analyzed. The factors leading to Brexit, the UK's departure from the European Union and the analysis of the reactions caused by Brexit will be reflected in this article. Information about relations with the United States and Russia, the future geopolitical outlook, interests and regions with which it wishes to cooperate will be reflected. Britain's security and defence, secure energy sources and economic and commercial cooperation with states will be discussed. The relations with the former British colonies and the future prospects of these relations will be discussed and analyzed. At this time, the UK's position on Ukraine will be analysed. The growth of the UK's active role in modern times and the main priorities of its activities will be analyzed and summarized in this article. Key words: politics, strategy, BREXIT, integration, interests, sovereignty, international order, alliance, USA, Russia
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Zhorov, Evgeniy. "Regional economic policy of Great Britain: Thatcher swing." Socium i vlast, no. 2 (2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2018-2-42-47.
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Upchurch, Anna. "Linking cultural policy from Great Britain to Canada." International Journal of Cultural Policy 13, no. 3 (August 2007): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286630701556407.
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Oxley, Michael J. "Housing policy and tenants' organisations in Great Britain." Property Management 4, no. 3 (March 1986): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006624.
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Davydov, Andrey. "US - Great Britain Economic Relations." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 5 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760028381-6.
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This article covers the major trends of United States and Great Britain economic relations. Economic cooperation between these countries is closely connected with the phenomenon of “special relationships” in the political field. Sources and main points of the “special relationships” are being analyzed in the article. British departure from the European Union created possibilities to develop further economic cooperation between the United States and the United Kingdom. Negotiations on free trade agreement started under Donald Trump administration but were frozen under current US administration. In the result UK proved to be between Scylla and Charybdis. The article covers major trends of structural changes in mutual trade and investment flows during last decade. Statistical analysis shows that oil and natural gas are the major articles of US export to Great Britain. United Kingdom is exporting transport equipment, chemicals and different types of machinery. Different services (professional, business, finance and science) are also important for mutual cooperation. Current investment positions of both countries are being analyzed. Great Britain is interested to get American direct investment in different fields. UK big holding companies are the major target of US direct investors. British equities are also in great demand on the global financial market. Most of British capitals are invested in manufacturing companies of the US. Current situation with free trade negotiations is being analyzed. President John Baiden administration realizes conservative economic policy. US conservative policy is aimed to support national producers. In view of the above it is highly likely that trade negotiations between US and UK will not be in progress for a long period.
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Aassve, Arnstein, Simon Burgess, Carol Propper, and Matt Dickson. "Employment, family union and childbearing decisions in Great Britain." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 169, no. 4 (October 2006): 781–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2006.00432.x.
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Wood, Stephen J., Lilian M. de Menezes, and Ana Lasaosa. "Family-Friendly Management in Great Britain: Testing Various Perspectives." Industrial Relations 42, no. 2 (April 2003): 221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-232x.00288.
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Harris, Richard I. D., Renee S. Reid, and Rodney McAdam. "Consultation and communication in family businesses in Great Britain." International Journal of Human Resource Management 15, no. 8 (December 2004): 1424–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000258011.
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Harris, Richard I. D., Renee S. Reid, and Rodney McAdam. "Employee involvement in family and non‐family‐owned businesses in Great Britain." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 10, no. 1/2 (February 2004): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552550410521371.
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Peng, Ito. "Women's Employment and the Family Policy in Britain." Kazoku syakaigaku kenkyu 10, no. 10-2 (1998): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4234/jjoffamilysociology.10.10-2_31.
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Hantrais, Linda. "Comparing Family Policy in Britain, France and Germany." Journal of Social Policy 23, no. 2 (April 1994): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400021607.
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ABSTRACTIn a context where the employment model of welfare is dominant, family policy has remained an area of limited and indirect competence for the European Community. Comparative analysis of Britain, France and the Federal Republic of Germany as examples of EC member states with different socio-cultural traditions and policy styles shows the limitations of theories about universalism, convergence and harmonisation of family structures and policies. Compared with Britain and Germany, the family policy making style in France is more explicit, visible, coherent and legitimate. Its objectives are overtly pro-natalist and it would seem to have had a stronger direct socio-economic impact.
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Podolsky, Vadim. "History of the social policy in the United Kingdom." Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086904990016102-4.
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In the XVII century Great Britain became the first country in the world with a full-scale system of social support, which was regulated at the state level. The “Old Poor Law” of 1601 and the “New Poor Law” of 1834 are well-studied in both foreign and Russian science, but the solutions that preceded them are less known. The aim of this study is to describe the development of social policy in Great Britain up to 1834, when the system of assistance to people in need was redesigned according to the liberal logic of minimal interference of the state. The article is based on comparative and historic approach and analysis of legal documents. It demonstrates the evolution of institutions and practices of social support in Great Britain. In this country social policy grew from church and private charity and developed at local level under centrally defined rules. Consistent presentation of social policy history in Great Britain is valuable for studies of charity, local self-government and social policy.
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Jackson, Christine E. "The Ward family of taxidermists." Archives of Natural History 45, no. 1 (April 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2018.0478.
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Three generations of Ward taxidermists practised their craft both in Britain and abroad. The grandfather, John, had a daughter Jane Catherine, and two sons, James Frederick and Edwin Henry, both of whom went to North America to collect birds (Henry with John James Audubon). Edwin Henry's own two sons, Edwin and Rowland, became two of the best known taxidermists in Great Britain. Edwin emigrated to California, where he taught his skills to his three sons. Rowland was the most famous, successful and wealthy member of the family, becoming world-renowned as a taxidermist.
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Lang, Achim. "Collaborative Governance in Health and Technology Policy: The Use and Effects of Procedural Policy Instruments." Administration & Society 51, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 272–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716664163.
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Stimulating technological innovations and limiting access to expensive health technology require the coordination and coherence of overlapping policy sub-systems: research, market access, and reimbursement. This study investigates which procedural policy instruments proved more successful in integrating collaborative governance arrangements in Great Britain and Germany. A new classification of procedural policy instruments is developed based on the targeted dimensions of collaborative governance (network structure and policy phase). The comparative analysis rests on expert interviews and meeting records and reveals that, in Great Britain, active leadership prevails during the consultations, while Germany, in contrast, presents a case of inconsistent governance.
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Peden, G. C., Alan Booth, and Melvyn Pack. "Employment, Capital and Economic Policy: Great Britain, 1918-1939." Economic History Review 39, no. 3 (August 1986): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596365.
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