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1
Brundin, Ethel, Emilia Florin Samuelsson, and Leif Melin. "Family ownership logic: Framing the core characteristics of family businesses." Journal of Management & Organization 20, no. 1 (January 2014): 6–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.15.
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AbstractIn this article we show how specific family business logic shapes managerial practices. Based on empirical material from 20 case studies of family ownership governance, our study identifies seven core characteristics of family ownership logic. These include active, visible and persistent ownership with few owners, relatively stable strategic development encompassing multiple ownership goals, autonomy towards capital markets, and a strong identification and emotional bonding with the business. By considering the family business context, we find managerial practices that are prevalent in the majority of businesses around the world and that have implications for ownership research. It is concluded that by taking the logic of ownership into consideration when studying family businesses, researchers in this field can contribute to the growing literature on sociocultural and behavioural factors in corporate governance relations.
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DAVIS, DEBORAH S., and HANLONG LU. "Property in Transition: Conflicts over Ownership in Post-Socialist Shanghai." European Journal of Sociology 44, no. 1 (April 2003): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975603001206.
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Disaggregating property rights into abstract bundles of rights over the use, control, and alienation of property facilitates the systematic comparison of property regimes across time and space. However, because these analytic distinctions ignore the criteria by which individuals choose among competing claims of ownership, they cannot capture the moral reasoning that ultimately institutionalizes a property regime. Using focus group debates over competing claims of ownership to newly privatized urban real estate, this essay identifies four grounded logics of entitlement by which Shanghai residents determine just claims in one post-socialist property regime: a logic of family justice, a logic of state regulation, a logic of the market, and a logic of the family estate. Of note is that the primary criteria by which individuals decided among different logics of entitlement were the rules of the property regime at the time the dwelling first became the family home rather than differences attributable to societal inequalities tied to distinctions of gender, generation or occupation.
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Kim, Young-Choon, and Chi-Nien Chung. "Organizational Change under Institutional Logics: Family Control of Corporate Boards in Taiwan." Sociological Perspectives 61, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 444–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121417710456.
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We examine how family ownership affects the changing composition of board members in Taiwan. We suggest that the association between family ownership and board composition should be understood in the institutional context in which a firm is situated. We find not only that family-owned firms embedded in the local capital market exhibit greater family presence on the board but also that this effect becomes weaker for those exposed to foreign capital markets. The strong association between family ownership and board control is maintained when the firm is embedded in a local logic of governance but significantly weakens when the firm or its affiliated group is exposed to a global logic of governance. Our research suggests that organizational change in corporate governance practices is contingent upon the institutional logics in which a firm’s governance and control mechanisms are situated.
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Chirico, Francesco, Giuseppe Criaco, Massimo Baù, Lucia Naldi, Luis R. Gomez-Mejia, and Josip Kotlar. "To patent or not to patent: That is the question. Intellectual property protection in family firms." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 44, no. 2 (October 28, 2018): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258718806251.
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This study examines family firms’ propensity to protect their intellectual property through patents. Building on the mixed gamble logic of the behavioral agency model, we theorize that family ownership has a U-shaped relationship with firm propensity to patent. Specifically, we argue that family firms’ desire to prevent losses of current socioemotional wealth (SEW) inhibits their propensity to patent until a threshold level of family ownership, beyond which the family’s SEW is secured and a greater focus on prospective financial gains attainable through patents is possible. We also suggest that environmental munificence moderates this nonlinear relationship such that a low-munificent environment accentuates the potentially detrimental (beneficial) effects of low-to-medium (medium-to-high) levels of family ownership on patents. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 4,198 small- and medium-sized family firms.
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Gallo, Miguel Ángel, Josep Tàpies, and Kristin Cappuyns. "Comparison of Family and Nonfamily Business: Financial Logic and Personal Preferences." Family Business Review 17, no. 4 (December 2004): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00020.x.
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Research has identified important differences between family businesses (FBs) and nonfamily businesses (NFBs). The difficulty, however, lies in explaining the reasons for those differences. In this article, Professors Miguel A. Gallo and Josep Tàpies, and Research Associate Kristin Cappuyns, all of IESE, International Business School, Barcelona, report the results of an investigation into the “peculiar financial logic”of FBs, based on a sample of 305 Spanish firms. After looking at some of the more general differences between the FBs and NFBs in the sample, in terms of company age, sales, employees, capital, and internationalization, the authors compare the financial ratios of the two types of companies. Generally speaking, the FBs are found to be older and to have lower sales, fewer employees, fewer full-time employees on permanent contracts, a smaller share capital, fewer shareholders, and a higher proportion of board members among the shareholders. However, when digging into the financial policies implemented in both types of companies, the differences found indicate that personal preferences concerning growth, risk, and ownership-control may be the driving forces behind the “peculiar financial logic” of FBs. The authors conclude that while many FBs outshine their NFB rivals in many respects, some of them lack a genuine long-term business policy or a commitment to growth and evolution. If the aversion to risk and loss of control is due to the managerowner's personal apprehensions or ambitions, then that manager-owner is, wittingly or unwittingly, spoiling the company's chances of being able to compete in the future.
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Loehde, Ann Sophie K., Andrea Calabrò, Mariateresa Torchia, and Sascha Kraus. "Joint (Ad)ventures—Family firms' international entry mode choices for emerging markets." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26, no. 6 (May 23, 2020): 1235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-10-2019-0573.
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PurposeThe aim of this study is to advance knowledge on family firms' entry mode choices by examining the linkage between target market context, especially in the emerging economies of China and India, and the dominant family firm logic of keeping ownership and control in the family.Design/methodology/approachWe use an exploratory multiple case study analysis approach based on nine German family firms' internationalization endeavors. We use both primary and secondary data.FindingsTraditionally, extant research concludes that family principals prefer foreign direct investments (FDIs) in order to exert maximum control when entering international markets. In contrast, our study finds a clear preference for international joint ventures (IJVs) as an initial entry mode of choice into unfamiliar markets. Our findings propose this decision to be rooted in cultural unfamiliarity and the complexity of the target markets' legal environment. The effect of these two factors is amplified by prior IJVs experiences.Originality/valueThis article offers several original insights. First, we identify the triggers of the paradoxical IJVs’ entry mode choice among family firms and thus explain the motivation for breaking with the dominant family firm logic of maximizing control. Second, we account for factors in China's and India's particular emerging market environments. In the light of family control, the unfamiliarity with these markets triggers the decision to compensate for the high level of uncertainty by engaging in an IJV partnership. Third, our study shows that family firms are indeed willing to share control if it serves the long-term survival of the firm.
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Nevzgodina, Elena, and Natalia Temnikova. "On the Prospects for the Development of the Institution of Joint Property of Spouses." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(3).109-112.
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Introduction. The review presents A. A. Dobrovinsky’s monograph “Problems of property relations in
family law of the Russian Federation: theory, practice and law reform” (Moscow: Eksmo, 2020. 208 p.),
devoted to theoretical and practical problems of the legal regime of marital property. The monograph
illuminated a number of topical and problem issues of the theory and practice of family disputes concerning common property of spouses, such that circumvented proper attention in the science of family law and cause
significant difficulties in the judicial practice: the issues of presumption of spousal consent for the transaction
with the common property and the fixing of this agreement, especially in business assets, stocks and shares
and also “beneficial ownership” of spouses. Conclusion. The monograph can be recommended not only for the
purposes of further development of the science of family law, but also for family law and law enforcement.
Written in a lively and clear language, with a remarkable logic of presentation, it is undoubtedly also
recommended for use in the educational process, as an indicator of the current state of disputes over the
division of marital property.
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Kim, Han Sang. "My Car Modernity: What the U.S. Army Brought to South Korean Cinematic Imagination about Modern Mobility." Journal of Asian Studies 75, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815001606.
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This article examines the cultural logic of mobilization in postcolonial South Korea, promoted through American cinematic representations. In early 1946, the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea started importing and distributing American propaganda films. These audiovisual textbooks for “free people” praised private car ownership and self-determined mobility, attracting audiences with scenes of automobiles and expressways. This might have encouraged audiences to imagine a self-regulating and untrammeled unit where they could choose their own destination, speed, and companions, symbolized in the ideal type of car-owning nuclear family. Such representational expressions of “maik'a” (my car) were closely linked with the global transition after World War II, such as the nuclearization of the family, the rise of the automobile industry, and the emergence of small screens at home. This shows how South Koreans were exposed to a new, liberal technology of government under U.S. hegemony, after the cessation of Japanese railway imperialism.
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Pestana, Luciana J., Luís Pereira Gomes, and Cristina Lopes. "Testing the capital structure of Portuguese family businesses." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 32, no. 87 (December 2021): 510–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113190.
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ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to empirically test capital structure decisions in Portuguese family-owned businesses under trade-off theory (TOT) and pecking order theory (POT) and attend to the relationships between family/business interaction and agency conflicts. Family-owned businesses are essential for the development of economies, but the financing logic they adopt is not yet adequately clarified by scientific research, especially as they are more exposed to the constraints of markets imperfections. The specific pattern of business ownership may affect the financing decision and the ability to obtain funds externally. This issue is more relevant in economies where family business initiatives and less sophisticated management strategies are expressive. The greater convergence of interests in family businesses and the consequent decrease in agency costs may lead to higher levels of recognized reputation and thus easier access to indebtedness. The empirical study uses static models and dynamic panel models in order to analyze data from 4,952 Portuguese family-owned firms over the period from 2009 to 2016: the TOT following the partial debt adjustment model, and the POT following the model of the impact of the deficit of funds on debt and the model of the relationship between debt and the determinants of financing. The results of the individual tests suggest that Portuguese family-owned businesses adjust debt at the target ratio, albeit influenced by adjustment costs that keep them distant from the optimal, as well as use sources other than debt when a financial deficit occurs. Although the impact of the financial deficit is greater in total debt ratio, the velocity of adjustment to the optimal level is higher in short-term debt. Evidence from a joint test confirms that both theories explain part of the capital structure of Portuguese family-owned businesses.
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SADYKOV, Ramil' M., and Natal'ya L. BOL'SHAKOVA. "Upgrading the institution of family through the lens of its structural and functional modifications." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 968–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.5.968.
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Subject. As the social life transforms, the institution of family is getting more modern and demonstrates new forms and changes in the principal functions. The process induces the emergence of various social problems associated with the economic and financial status of family, psychoemotional tensions, asocial behavior of parents and children. Objectives. We herein analyze modernization processes of the institution of family as the social life transforms, and evaluate it in terms of its structural and functional changes. The study offers specific actions to be performed for strengthening the institution of family. Methods. The study is based on a set of general scientific methods, including logic, systems, comparative, functional, statistical and sociological analysis. Results. Development processes of family are shows to be controversial in the Russian society. They are not always definite, demonstrating some differences. As the market relations and private ownership rapidly evolve, many family values, traditions and standards perish, while new one being just in their infancy. Marital relations, institutions of kinship, parenthood go beyond the idea of family, thus ultimately loosing family values, which used to be very significant. In new socio-economic circumstances, family serves for many various purposes, which often diverge from traditional ones. Conclusions and Relevance. In Russia, the modern family undergoes the modernization process. Family acquires new forms and changes its key functions, which should be further studied. Marital relations, institutions of kinship, parenthood go beyond the idea of family, thus ultimately undermining marital values, which used to be very important. Family dysfunctions, unstable relationships of spouses can be seen in both wealthy and less financial protected families. To support and strengthen the institution of family, we propose specific socio-economic, socio-psychological and socio-medical actions.
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Delaunay, Daniel, and Françoise Dureau. "Componentes sociales y espaciales de la movilidad residencial en Bogotá / Social and Spatial Components of Residential Mobility in Bogotá." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v19i1.1196.
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El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cuatro componentes de la movilidad residencial intraurbana de los residentes de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia): la elección de la vivienda, de su localización, del tipo de tenencia, y la decisión de lograr una autonomía residencial. Cada una de ellas tiene su propia lógica, y ésta se analiza para cada individuo por medio de las trayectorias biográficas recabadas en 1993. Las diferenciaciones sociales cambian de un componente a otro, se agregan o se combinan, provocando variaciones en la movilidad residencial.En una ciudad en rápida expansión, con una notable segregación residencial, el interés por la localización es fundamental, a pesar de que poco se le ha considerado en la literatura que trata sobre el tema. El significado que confieren los individuos a la ubicación de su vivienda dentro de la ciudad rebasa la simple consideración de los recursos con que cuenta el barrio; atañe también a las historias familiares y a la historia de la ciudad.AbstractThis paper seeks to analyze four components of the intraurban residential mobility of residents of Bogotá, Colombia: choice of housing, location of the latter, type of ownership and the decision to achieve residential autonomy. Each of them has its own logic, which is analyzed for each individual through biographical accounts obtained in 1993. Social differences change from one component to another, are added or combined, thereby causing variations in residential mobility.In a rapidly expanding city, with marked residential segregation, interest in location is crucial, despite the lack of attention it has received in the literature on the issue. The meaning that individuals give the location of their housing within the city goes beyond the resources of the neighborhood itself, since it also involves family histories and the history of the city.
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Ahn, He Soung, and Hyejin Cho. "Effect Of Liability Of Foreignness And Family Ownership On Cross-Listing Location Choice." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 33, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i1.9891.
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Firms incur liability of foreignness (LOF) when they expand their businesses to foreign countries. This study examines the applicability of LOF in the context of financing in a foreign capital market. Using an alternative-specific conditional logit model, we investigate the cross-listing decisions of firms from 28 countries that select among eight target destinations from 1994 to 2008. These firms target capital markets with lower LOF, which is measured by institutional, economic, geographic, and cultural distance. Such preference is particularly stronger for firms with higher levels of family ownership, suggesting family owners’ tendency to be averse to risk is also manifested in financing context.
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Miller, Danny, Isabelle Le Breton-Miller, and Richard H. Lester. "Family and Lone Founder Ownership and Strategic Behaviour: Social Context, Identity, and Institutional Logics." Journal of Management Studies 48, no. 1 (November 2, 2009): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00896.x.
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Perdomo, Sandra Jennina Sanchez, and Mario Andres Manzi Puertas. "“Eldorado” family: the survival and succession plan." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2012-0197.
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Subject area Entrepreneurship and family business. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for BA and MBA levels and for courses focusing on family businesses, entrepreneurship, or small and medium-sized enterprises. Case overview The Gomez family is the owner of Colchones Eldorado, a Colombian mattress company, in business for more than 50 years. Its founder and CEO Gumercindo Gomez, 75 years old, had no succession plan but he wanted to ensure the future of his business. Given the urgency of this situation and the complexity of the family structure, Martha Gomez, General Manager, hired a consultant to design the succession plan. To prepare this plan, the consultant must take into account: the preservation of stock ownership within the family, the company's sustainability under the new CEO family member, and the assurance of the family harmony. Expected learning outcomes These include: understanding the characteristics of a family business in the Latin American context; recognizing the stages of the family ownership; and identifying personal characteristics and roles of family members in order to design the basis of the succession plan. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Xu, Dean, Chuang Chen, and Xiaohui Wu. "Ownership structure and the use of non-family executives in family-dominated Chinese listed firms: An institutional logics perspective." Asia Pacific Journal of Management 36, no. 3 (January 16, 2018): 797–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-017-9550-z.
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González-Campo, Carlos Hernán. "Editorial." Cuadernos de Administración 36, no. 68 (February 13, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v36i68.10993.
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This 68th issue of the journal Cuadernos de Administración corresponds to the September-December 2020 period and gives closure to volume 36 on its 44th year. Twenty-twenty was a different year in many respects and with regards to past editorial processes, as it was faced with limitation and challenges associated with situation-specific constraints, new issues, and problems to be addressed, such as research in the sciences of administration, among other areas of the knowledge.As with past issues, the 16 papers published in issue 68 come from the previous months’ call, whose authors - from several countries and different regions of Colombia - entrusted their manuscripts to our editorial process. I thank our peer reviewers who supported us through their experience and expertise in assessing each paper for what we believe is an objectivity-based academic dialogue that seeks to recognize the quality of the scientific output proposed for each issue of Cuadernos de Administración. The first three papers in this issue are “Development of typical vacuum-packed and frozen Boyaca soups”, “Territorial Governance: A bibliometric analysis” and “University reports in Colombia: a contribution to accountability” The first paper’s authors study gastronomy and tourism in the department of Boyacá, Colombia, and their production processes to facilitate product handling and increase their offer to tourists. The second one is a bibliometric literature study analyzing territorial governance by analyzing papers from the Web of Science. The third paper presents the current state of accountability in Colombian public universities through research carried out analyzing university reports using the content analysis method.The second group of papers includes those entitled “The effect of human resource management practices and innovation: Colombian small and medium-sized enterprises”, “Quality Assessment in the Context of Banking Services” and “Performance appraisal: an experience between recognition and contempt” The first paper of that group accounts for the research carried with SME 492 managers in Cali, Bogotá, and Medellín on human resources management practices and their innovation effect. The second paper uses theoretical systematization to approach the quality assessment of services, banking services in this case, from a critical standpoint. The third article is a case study that uses qualitative interviews on a group of workers from a Colombian company in the energy generation and distribution sector. It examined the recognition or contempt experienced by and evidenced in the workers’ discourse after undergoing a performance appraisal designed under the Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) logic. The third group of articles consists of those entitled “A comprehensive tax reform under OECD parameters for Colombia”, “Updating the strategic framework for the Spanish port system using a SWOT analysis” and “Correlating affective commitment with prosocial behavior: Does it matter to perceive that work has meaning?” The first one studies tax reforms in Colombia, the orientation of these, and identifies structuring-related problems. The second paper uses the SWOT analysis and benchmarking to analyze the Spanish port system. Finally, in the third paper, a study was conducted on 144 professional employees across various Colombian industries to analyze their prosocial behavior and attitudes in different organizational environments and under varying management practices, which may or may not promote prosocial behavior.“Absenteeism at work, remuneration, and equity: a confusing relationship”, “The role of family dynamics and culture in the psychological ownership of family shareholders in family businesses” and “Prospective and its valuation in public policy of two regional development strategies in Chile” are the papers that follow in this number. The first paper presents the results of a study conducted in a higher education institution that analyzes the relationship between absenteeism, workers’ compensation, and equity variables using statistical methods and based on 840 inputs. The second article studies 14 cases of Colombian and 5 Finns shareholders using qualitative and exploratory methods to analyze the role of family dynamics and culture in developing psychological ownership in family shareholders. The third article studies Chilean public officials’ perception of prospective from a qualitative approach, which is considered a tool for public policies in two regional development strategies. The following two papers are “Social commitment in organizations: a look at Universidad del Valle“ and “Current Challenges of the Social Function of Accounting” The first of the aforementioned papers’ authors study social commitment in a case study applied to the Universidad del Valle through interviews with officials and using content analysis on the Outreach Office’s management reports and the University’s Strategic Development Plans. The second article aims to determine potential social costs and financial statements’ models for social accounting.The last group of articles includes “Strengths and opportunities of sustainable entrepreneurship in Colombia” and “Institutional isomorphism in IPSAS adoption” The first case is an analysis of the strengths and opportunities of sustainable entrepreneurship in Colombia based on the review of papers published in the Colombian context, as available in the primary databases (national journals and university repositories were also included). The last article presents the results of a systematic literature review to study institutional isomorphism in governments’ implementation of IPSAS into their accounting model.The publication of Universidad del Valle’s Faculty of Administration’s 68th issue of Cuadernos de Administración consolidates us as a means of dissemination for scientific knowledge in that area. Twenty twenty-one will see our 45th year of publication, for which there will be a thematic issue on Circular Economy, with the support of HEC Montreal and the ITESM. In that anniversary framework, the first issue will present an analysis of these 45 years’ publications, among other activities. Once again, we thank each of the authors of these 16 papers and the peer reviewers who supported our editorial process, always bearing in mind that each article’s content is its authors’ responsibility. We hope that this issue will contribute to our readers’ academic work and that it will drive our research, reflections, or reviews in the sciences of administration.
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Pasra, Mubassirang, Muhammad Isran Ramli, and Dimas Endrayana Dharmowijoyo. "Car Ownership of Households in Sub-Urban Area in Makassar City." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820305005.
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The present study aims to grasp the car ownership characteristics of households in the sub-urban area in Makassar City, Indonesia. The study considers some exogenous characteristics of the households, such house types, family size, income, motorcycle ownership, trip number, and worker number. To construct the relationship between those characteristics and the car ownership, we applied the multinomial logit model approach. This study surveyed seven residential areas in the sub-urban area of the city. The survey conducted an interviewing method using a questionnaire sheet. The survey respondents as representative of the households, which selected randomly from the residential areas. The results show that the goodness of fit of the car ownership model is acceptable enough. Further, all of the exogenous variables significantly influence the households in car ownership. We expected that the results provide a basis for further studies such time valuation of car riders, mode choice model of the households, etc.
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Polsiri, Piruna. "Concentrated ownership and prediction of financial institution failures." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 4 (2011): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i4p5.
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In an emerging economy where ownership concentration is common and legal protection of outside investors is weak, financial and economic factors that are widely documented might not have been sufficient in constructing sound models to predict financial institution failures. Using the data of financial institutions listed in the Thai stock exchange during the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, this study showed that to develop sound prediction models that are robust across time to failure models, ownership variables should be incorporated in the models. Specifically, in the logit models that include both financial and ownership variables, 85.45%, 85.41%, and 91.49% of financial institutions were correctly classified in the models using the data of one, two, and three years prior to failure, respectively. It was also find that the presence of family as the largest shareholder increases the probability that a financial institution was closed. This evidence supports the expropriation effects of controlling families. Finally, the results suggested evidence of a “too-big-to-fail” policy in the closure procedures of Thai financial institutions during the East Asian financial crisis.
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AL-Qadasi, Adel Ali, Shamharir Abidin, and Hamdan Amer Al-Jaifi. "The puzzle of internal audit function budget toward specialist auditor choice and audit fees." Managerial Auditing Journal 34, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 208–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-09-2017-1655.
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PurposeThis study is motivated by the lack of internal audit function (IAF) research and by the call for research on the impact of dominant owners such as family shareholders on audit fees and the demand for audit quality. This study aims to examine the impact of the IAF budget on the selection of industry-specialist auditors and on audit fees, particularly in companies with family-controlled shareholders, a feature unique to Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachData of Malaysian-listed companies during the period 2009-2012 are used. To examine the relationships, logit and ordinary least square regressions are used. Several additional analyses are conducted to assess the robustness of the main results, including alternative measures of specialist auditor and family ownership, endogeneity problems and self-selection bias.FindingsThe results show that the IAF budget is positively related to hiring industry-specialist auditors and audit fees. However, family companies are less likely to support the positive association between IAF costs and engage specialist auditors than non-family companies. In addition, a complementary association between the costs of IAF and audit fees for both family and non-family companies was found. Finally, the results show that there is a negative association between family ownership and the ratio of IAF costs to audit fees, suggesting that family companies rely more upon external auditing than internal auditing.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study is to provide an empirical evidence about the tradeoff between IAF and both industry-specialist auditors and audit fees with considering the moderating impact of family-ownership shareholdings. This issue is yet to be examined, and it provides implications for policymakers and practitioners, as it offers insights into the importance of investing in IAF toward hiring industry-specialist auditors and pricing the audit services.
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Aung, Thiri, Kyaing, Ko Ko Lwin, and Yoshihide Sekimoto. "An Investigation of Socioeconomic and Land Use Influence on Car Ownership in Yangon City." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0416.
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Rapid growth in private vehicle ownership and usage is one of the key problems in the development of a sustainable transportation system for Yangon City. Car ownership depends on the land use patterns and socioeconomic characteristics of a city. Socioeconomic factors, including age, gender, income, house type, and family size also affect the choice of transportation mode and destination in the short and long terms, while the choice of housing location is affected in the long term. In this study, aggregate level land use data and disaggregate level individual and household data are used to determine the effects of land use and socioeconomic factors on household decisions to own zero, one, and two or more cars. This research models car ownership by the estimating multinomial logit model using SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences). The result suggests that income level, house type of a household, and the housing location have influence on car ownership in Yangon City. The car ownership level will be higher if the household number in the central business district (CBD), inner ring area, and outer ring area is increased. Increase in low income and normal income households will reduce the probability of car ownership in the suburban area.
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Al-Najjar, Basil, and Erhan Kilincarslan. "The effect of ownership structure on dividend policy: evidence from Turkey." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-09-2015-0129.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of ownership structure on dividend policy of listed firms in Turkey. Particularly, it attempts to uncover the effects of family involvement (through ownership and board representation), non-family blockholders (foreign investors, domestic financial institutions and the state) and minority shareholders on dividend decisions in the post-2003 period as it witnesses the major economic and structural reforms. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses alternative dividend policy measures (the probability of paying dividends, dividend payout ratio and dividend yield) and uses appropriate regression techniques (logit and tobit models) to test the research hypotheses, by focusing on a recent large panel dataset of 264 Istanbul Stock Exchange-listed firms (non-financial and non-utility) over a 10-year period 2003-2012. Findings The empirical results show that foreign and state ownership are associated with a less likelihood of paying dividends, while other ownership variables (family involvement, domestic financial institutions and minority shareholders) are insignificant in affecting the probability of paying dividends. However, all the ownership variables have a significantly negative impact on dividend payout ratio and dividend yield. Hence, the paper presents consistent evidence that increasing ownership of foreign investors and the state in general reduces the need for paying dividends in the Turkish market. Research limitations/implications Because of the absence of empirical research on how ownership structure may affect dividend policy and the data unavailability for earlier periods in Turkey, the paper cannot make comparison between the pre-and post-2003 periods. Nevertheless, this paper can be a valuable benchmark for further research. Practical implications The paper reveals that cash dividends are not used as a monitoring mechanism by investors in Turkey and the expropriation argument through dividends for Turkish families is relatively weak. Accordingly, the findings of this paper may benefit policymakers, investors and fellow researchers, who seek useful guidance from relevant literature. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the link between ownership structure and dividend policy in Turkey after the implementation of major reforms in 2003.
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Rashid, Amber Gul, Sharmain Zain Haroon, and Amna Nasir. "One agricultural family's story." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2013-0174.
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Subject area Entrepreneurship, agriculture, small business management and strategic planning. Study level/applicability This case is most relevant to undergraduates. Case overview This case is about Azad Ahmed who will soon graduate from his business school. He has the option of either landing in a high-paying job or joining his family business. Azad has the task of thinking for his family's future and turning the family business around. The case gives information on the condition of the agriculture sector in Pakistan, issues that the sector is facing, its non-traditional alternatives and the bright future it holds for the farmers who want to enter into agribusiness to capture international markets. The case also talks about how ownership structure of a family farm changes as the family expands further and baton is passed on to the future generations. Expected learning outcomes The case should get the students to define the term “family business” and weigh the perks and risks of working in a family business; recognize the importance of agriculture and farming in the Pakistani context; evaluate the dynamics of family expectations with respect to collectivistic society; identify the ownership transition stages and transition elements such as trigger points; define the term “agriprenuers”; and set up a business plan for agribusiness. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Snyder, Stephanie A., Michael A. Kilgore, Steven J. Taff, and Joseph M. Schertz. "Estimating a Family Forest Landowner's Likelihood of Posting against Trespass." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/25.4.180.
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Abstract Hunters and other recreators face challenges to gain access to private forestland in the United States because of an increasing number of landowners posting their land. A landowners' decision to post their land is influenced by a variety of factors, including landowner characteristics, hunter behavior, and parcel attributes. We used a logit model to help understand why family forest landowners in Minnesota post their land against public trespass. Factors that increased the likelihood of posting included younger owners, a perception that allowing access would interfere with one's own hunting, a perception that allowing access would result in damage to one's property, hunting as the primary reason for forestland ownership, larger parcel size, having a management plan, higher property values, and a high percentage of surrounding area open to public hunting. Implications of increased posting by family forest owners on hunting access and wildlife management are discussed.
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Zakki, Nurdody, and Sayyida ,. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI GARAM RAKYAT KAWASAN PESISIR KALIANGET." PERFORMANCE " Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi" 5, no. 2 (November 21, 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/feb.v6i1.259.
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The existence of the salt very important role in various fields of human life. To further facilitate the depiction of the benefits of salt in a wide range of human life. Weak capital owned by causing salt farmers are still not optimal in accessing the capital resources of banks and non-banks. Issues examined in this is how the influence of the type of business, venture capital and land ownership as well as its impact on the income of family welfare salt farmers, in order to know the influence of the type of business, venture capital and capital ownership to revenue and its impact on family welfare salt farmers. This research was conducted in the District Kalianget in the Pinggirpapas Village and Karanganyar village. In studies using quantitative descriptive research. The focus of this study examines the type of business, working capital, capital ownership, income and family welfare salt farmers. Samples were taken from two villages 100 salt farmers. The results of this study based on the analysis of logistics only land ownership is a factor which significantly affect the welfare and logit models produce Odds ratio here indicates the value of the tendency of a salt farmers who rent land to be living with the condition is very prosperous by almost 5 times more than salt farmer working other people's land. While the salt farmers who own land, tend to be more prosperous. This is indicated by the magnitude of the odds ratio which gives the meaning that the salt farmers who own land who live in a very prosperous condition of nearly 7 times more than farmers who enforces other people's land.Kata Kunci: Petani Garam, Kesejahteraan, Analisis Korelasi, Regresi Logistik.
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Martinez-Ferrero, Jennifer, Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza, and Isabel María García-Sánchez. "The strength of the board on sustainability assurance decisions." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 24, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 863–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-02-2017-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze how family ownership influences the strength of the board’s monitoring function in companies’ decisions regarding the assurance of sustainability reports. Design/methodology/approach The international sample consists of 536 companies operating in more stakeholder-oriented countries during the period 2007-2014. The paper proposes alternative logit models of analysis using the random-effects estimator. Findings The results provide evidence that a firm’s sustainability assurance and its choice of accounting professionals as higher quality assurers are positively associated with board size and independence. The main result is the positive impact of family businesses on these assurance issues. The paper evidences the greater orientation toward sustainability issues of family businesses. Furthermore, it verifies the greater impact of board size on family firms’ assurance demand. Originality/value This study sheds some light on the unexplored topic of sustainability assurance in family firms. One of the differentiating aspects with respect to previous studies is the consideration of the moderating factor of family property. This study also contributes to the understanding of family firms’ demand for assurance and its practitioners, and the literature’s focus on its determinants.
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Adnyani, Achintya Widhi, and Lilik Sugiharti. "Profil Dan Determinan Kerentanan Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga." JURNAL ILMU EKONOMI & SOSIAL 10, no. 2 (November 8, 2019): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/jies.v10i2.2412.
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Concept of vulnerability to poverty appears by a presence of shocks as an important dimension of poverty. The existence of shocks lead to insecurity in household welfare. This measurement of vulnerability to poverty is trying to measure probability of households fall in to poverty in the future. This study aims to measure household vulnerability to poverty and examine its determinants on the basis of a household survey data for Indonesia. Sampel data used is secondary data from IFLS 5 (Indonesia Family Life Survey) year 2014. The measurement of vulnerability to poverty is analyzed using three stage FGLS (Feasible Generalized Least Square), while its determinant is analyzed using logit regression methods. Results of this study show that Lampung province, DKI Jakarta, Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, dan Nusa Tenggara Barat have a high average value of vulnerability to poverty. Moreover, Lampung Province is the most vulnerable in 2014. Furthermore, this study find that age of household head, education of household head, household size,location, saving ownership,and land ownership have a significant effect on household value of vulnerability to poverty.
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Vega, Gina, and Nisreen Bahnan. "TARA Trade: a marketing challenge in Lebanon." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 4 (October 10, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2013-0055.
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Title – TARA Trade: a marketing challenge in Lebanon. Subject area – Family Business, Entrepreneurship, International Business and Marketing. Study level/applicability – This case is intended for an undergraduate business student audience in courses dealing with Entrepreneurship, Family Business, International Business and Marketing Case overview – TARA Trade, a Lebanese souvenir-item designer and distributor owned by two brothers, was facing hostile competition. The partners who operated the business from two different continents had to deal with multiple threats to maintain their market position in a region of the world riddled with political unrest, regulatory chaos and idiosyncratic (distinctive) socio-cultural business practices. Expected learning outcomes – Students are challenged to identify solutions to the marketing concerns and analyse the partnership issues faced by the international ownership/management of the business. Supplementary materials – Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or e-mail: support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Utariyanto, Gustin Rizki, Ketut Sukiyono, and Septri Widiono. "Determinant Factors of the Household Poverty Probability: Study on Household around the Taman Nasional Kerinci Sebelat (TNKS) Lebong Regency." AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agritropica.3.1.29-37.
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This research aims to determine the factors that influence the probability of occurrence of poverty of households around Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (Kerinci Sebelat National Park (TNKS) Lebong District. The location of this research selected purposively by categorizing the 6 villages into 3 typologies, namely, Sawah dominance, plantation Dominance, and rice fields and plantation. From each village, 20 households as respondents were selected randomly, so the total respondents were 120 households. Sayogjo poverty line was applied to determine household poverty status. In examining the factors that affect the probability of the household poverty, a logit model is applied. From the analysis, land area ownership is the main factor influencing the occurrence probability of poverty of households, while education level, number of family dependents, and household head age are not.
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Anida, Rini Eli, Sri Fajar Ayu, and Rulianda Purnomo Wibowo. "The Affecting Factors of Jajar Legowo Planting Systems Adoption in Barumun Tengah District, Padang Lawas Regency." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210411.
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Many things affect the increase in rice production, starting from the use of superior seeds, fertilizing the right target, proper irrigation, controlling pests and diseases, and so on. One way that farmers can choose is by planting lowland rice with the Jajar Legowo system. The main objective of the Jajar Legowo system is to increase the plant population by adjusting the spacing and manipulating the location of the plants, as if the rice plants were on the edge (edge crops). This study analyzes the effect of age, formal education, length of farming, land area, number of family dependents, land ownership, irrigation and income on the adoption of the Jajar Legowo planting system in Barumun Tengah District, Padang Lawas Regency. In this study, samples were taken as many as 120 lowland rice farmers who applied the Jajar Legowo planting system and those who did not apply the Jajar Legowo planting system. The data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires were processed using logistic methods and logit methods with SPSS tools. The results of this study indicate that the variables age, formal education, length of farming, land area, number of family dependents and land ownership status do not partially significantly increase the adoption of lowland rice farmers using the jajar legowo planting system technology innovation in Barumun Tengah District, Padang Lawas Regency. Irrigation and income variables have a significant effect on partially increasing the adoption of lowland rice farmers using the Jajar Legowo planting system technology innovation in Barumun Tengah District, Padang Lawas Regency. Keywords: Rice Production, Jajar Legowo, Farmers, Planting Systems, Adoption.
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Mohajeri, Fatemeh, and Babak Mirbaha. "Studying the Role of Behavioral Characteristics in Individuals Travel Choice Behavior in Response to Earthquake Disaster Using Discrete Choice Models." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 14, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6917548.
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The study of decision-making in response to earthquake disaster including evacuation and destination choice behavior is necessary for emergency planners in order to provide emergency traffic management and solve evacuation problems in transportation network. In this research, it is attempted to study the pattern of choice behavior in Qazvin transport network by considering physical and behavioral factors simultaneously. The required data were collected through a questionnaire from 546 inhabitants of Qazvin based on the stated preferences (SP) survey for six designated earthquake scenarios at different severities and times. The effects of socioeconomic factors, trip daily characteristics, and behavioral factors on decisions to evacuate and choose destinations are studied in this research. The binary logit model is applied for analyzing the evacuation decision, and the multinomial logit model is applied for the destination choice in response to the earthquake disaster. The binary logit model analysis with 73% correct prediction indicates that socioeconomic characteristics including age, marital status, family size, and car ownership have positive effects on evacuation choice. Furthermore, the analysis of behavioral factors indicates that moderate religious belief decreases the likelihood of evacuation, while following previous experiences, trust in acquired trainings, and following decisions made by others moderately increase the likelihood of evacuation. Also, socioeconomic and behavioral factors are the determinants of the destination decision, and the results indicate that individuals following previous experiences highly are more likely to choose gas station and relative’s home destination versus going to urban open spaces.
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Ye, Mao, Miao Yu, Xiucheng Guo, Yingshun Liu, and Zhibin Li. "Analysis on Residents’ Travel Activity Pattern in Historic Urban Areas: A Case Study of Historic Urban Area of Yangzhou, China." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/620973.
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Travel behaviors and activity patterns in the historic urban area of a city are expected to be different from the overall situations in the city area. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the residents’ travel activity patterns in historic urban area. Based on survey data conducted in the historic urban area of Yangzhou, the travel activities of local residents in a whole day were classified into five types of patterns. The multinomial logit (MNL) model was developed to evaluate the impacts of explanatory variables on the choices of activity patterns. The results showed that the choice of activity pattern was significantly impacted by five contributing factors including the gender, age, occupation, car ownership, and number of electric bikes in household. The other variables, which were the family population, preschoolers, number of conventional bikes in household, motorcycle ownership, and income, were found to be not significantly related to the choice of activities. The results of this study from historic urban area were compared to findings of previous studies from overall urban area. The comparison showed that the impacts of factors on activity pattern in the historic urban area were different from those in the overall area. Findings of this study provide important suggestions for the policy makings to improve the traffic situations in historic urban areas of cities.
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Muhumed, Zubaida, Virginia Bodolica, and Martin Spraggon. "Inside an African family business estate: the founder’s legacy and the successor’s dilemma." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 3 (July 31, 2017): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-01-2017-0012.
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Subject area Family business. Study level/applicability Specialized undergraduate courses, Elective MBA courses. Case overview This case study uncovers the remarkable story of the relentless growth and sporadic weakening of Nurul Ain (NA) Limited, a family business conglomerate with major operations in the Eastern region of Africa. The case provides an opportunity to follow the different stages of development of this family-owned organization through a sequence of strategic events and family dynamics that led to its recurrent success, decline and rejuvenation. Despite the numerous successes of NA Limited since its establishment in the early 1990s, the ambiguous relationship between family, ownership and management systems has caused a ripple effect of strategic, structural and governance challenges that threaten the sustainability of the family business. Nowadays, the founder faces the pressing challenge of ensuring his legacy remains intact and is passed over to his chosen successor, who, in turn, is confronted with the dilemma of joining the family business or pursing an independent career outside NA Limited. Shedding light on the complexity of today’s family-run organizations, the case allows examining the effectiveness of strategic decision-making in an emerging market context by applying a variety of family business principles, theories and frameworks. Expected learning outcomes Discuss the sources of competitive advantage and the typical challenges that family firms face in the context of emerging markets. Perform a comprehensive corporate diagnosis and examine the specificities of strategic management process in family businesses. Assess the succession management practices in family-run organizations and design a profile of successful successor. Discuss the effectiveness of various corporate governance mechanisms in the context of family-owned enterprises. Evaluate the strategic choices of the top management team and offer recommendations for securing the family business longevity. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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Minialai, Caroline, and Gérard Hirigoyen. "Emotional dimensions of intra-family transmission: Moroccan Shipping, a team adrift." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 5 (October 8, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-01-2014-0010.
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Subject area Intergenerational transmission is a paramount managerial and patrimonial issue. Although planning and governance tools are being developed and spread in business, the handling of emotions often remains the key to a successful process. It is within the framework of the paternalistic Moroccan society that we are led to question the psychology and emotions of the stakeholders in the transmission of this small services business. Study level/applicability Masters students in Family Business, Management Science, Entrepreneurship, Small Business Management. Case overview After 19 years of existence, Moroccan Shipping is confronted at the beginning of 2010 to the issue of the sustainability of the family business. The founder directs his affair with an iron fist, and his sons, who were educated abroad, are determined not to get fooled. The father claims he wishes to be relieved from daily operations and handover part of his responsibilities to his second son. At the same time, the youngest doesn't feel like he fits in the present firm's configuration and is ready to quit. Expected learning outcomes This case study will lead users to work on several managerial dimensions of small family businesses in emerging economies. At first, the entrepreneur's traits might be highlighted, as they deeply affect the way the succession process may be handled. However, as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) specificity, the Moroccan family system will be taken into consideration to better analyse both the incumbent and the successor behaviours. Management tools may then be discussed to help with the transfer of both power and ownership in family businesses. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Mrshikj, Jadranka, and Jaka Vadnjal. "Strategies for growth of a family business operating in the Macedonian wine industry." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 4 (November 28, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2015-0142.
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Subject area Entrepreneurial management. Study level/applicability The case is intended to be used by graduate students of Management and Entrepreneurship in the courses of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurial Management. Case overview One of the first private wineries in Republic of Macedonia, a developing country which entered market economy in the end of 1990s, has successfully been using the advantages of good soil and weather conditions to provide opportunity for excellent wine making. After almost 20 years of blazing a successful entrepreneurial trail built on innovation, strict quality control, brand building and close family hands-on management, the market soon became too small; thus, internationalization was the next logical step. This case provides local and global data on the wine industry, the Mac Wine facts and figures and financial data to help answer the questions about its future management and marketing strategies and the ownership transition. Expected learning outcomes This case has been documented to help students to understand the concept and applicability of the growth strategy of a new venture in the developing country. The students will understand how this growth was realized by answering the following questions: What are the factors that contributed to the growth of this venture? Evaluate the Mac Wine decision to build a brand based on production of high-quality wines. Is Mac Wine’s marketing strategy adequate? Is the family-owned business more of a strength or a weakness at the time being? And in the future? Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Gül, Mevlüt, and Kutlan Uzunkaya. "Willingness to Pay Additional Water Rate and Irrigation Knowledge of Farmers in Dinar Karakuyu Irrigation Areas in Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 8 (August 26, 2017): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.888-897.1166.
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Water which has become commodity product which is an important product today. Turkey is not a water rich country. In this study, agricultural enterprises in the field of Irrigation Project in Dinar Karakuyu which was implemented in 1992 by DSI. The study analysed which factors affect the willingness to pay additional irrigation water rate with the help of logit model and the irrigation knowledge of farmers was determined by Likert scale. Dinar Karakuyu irrigation network has begun to lose the function in the region. It was supposed 100% irrigation rate but decreased by approximately 9% today. In this context, DSI (General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works) plans to rehabilitation work in the same area. The main material of this study was data obtained from 67 agricultural enterprises through a survey covered by the Irrigation Rehabilitation Project in the province of Afyonkarahisar Karakuyu Dinar. The data was gathered with the help of questionnaires which were answered by farmers in Karakuyu Dinar region. The results indicated that 74.6% of farmers were willingness to pay additional water charge. The data were statistically analysed with the use of the logit model. The model results show that agricultural income, farmers’ educational level, computer ownership, attendance of agricultural training activities, family size and agricultural experience were positive factors affect farmers’ willingness to pay additional water fee.
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Doğan, Hasan Gökhan, Arzu Kan, Mustafa Kan, Fatma Tosun, İlkay Uçum, Cengiz Solmaz, and Duygu Birol. "Türkiye’de Genç Çiftçi Proje Desteğinden Yararlanma Düzeyini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 11 (October 28, 2018): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i11.1599-1606.2084.
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In Turkey, various agricultural support policies were applied some time to increase the production, sometimes to reduce the over-production and to compensate the production. However, these policies have not been fully attained since they have been implemented without first solving the major structural problems of agriculture. Parallel to developments in the world's countries, entrepreneurship needs to be embraced by the young population and young entrepreneurs must be supported. Turkey attaches great importance to the supports in recent years regarding the determination of entrepreneurial individuals, and the promotion of entrepreneurship. For this purpose, in order to support young people in the agriculture sector, "Young Farmer Projects Support (YFPS)" was added to the "National Agricultural Project" in 2016. This support policy aims to encourage young farmers to stay in agriculture by supporting young farmers and to prevent migration from the village to the city. In this context, a survey has been carried out in the TR 71 Region of Turkey (Aksaray, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Nevsehir and Nigde provinces), and a total of 248 young farmers (139 supported, and 109 non-supported) were interviewed. The logit model was used in the analysis of the data. According to Logit model results, the factors such as gender, marital status, farming situation of young farmer, farming situation of young farmer’s family, residence population, social security status, agricultural education certificate status and ownership of property which are influencing on individuals benefiting from young farmer support were found statistically significant.
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Sharimakin, Akinwumi, and James Temitope Dada. "Access to Finance, Indigenous Technology and Food Security in Nigeria: Case Study of Ondo Central Senatorial District." Economics and Culture 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0022.
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AbstractResearch purpose: Food security remains a major component of economic development. Many developing nations are facing challenges of food insecurity, which had contributed to starvation and other societal problems. With adequate food intake, human healthy living is assured. This study investigates the impact of access to formal finance and indigenous technology and knowledge on food security in Ondo central senatorial district in Ondo state, Nigeria.Methodology: In total, 216 farmers were sampled, and data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire and focus interviews. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and logit estimation technique.Findings: Descriptive statistics show that there are more male farmers (61.1%) than female counterparts (38.9%), with most of the farmers (42.7%) in their ages 56 years and above and with 51.9% having primary education. Majority of the farmers (65.7%) engage in arable crop farming, while 15.2 and 19.1% engage in cash crop and livestock farming, respectively. The econometric model reveals that age, income, gender, education, marital status, religion, family size, assets owned and distance are major determinants of a farmer’s decision on account ownership, savings and borrowing. Indigenous knowledge of soil fertility, disease-resistant and quickly-growing crops, food storage, local weather, water management, pest and diseases control are significant determinants of food security in Ondo central senatorial district. Likewise, account ownership, savings and borrowing from formal financial institutions are significant determinants of food security.Practical implications: It is, therefore, important that efforts to ease access to formal financial services and improve indigenous technology to serve as complement to modern farming techniques to achieve food security be made a priority by government and private institutions.
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Sharimakin, Akinwumi, and James Temitope Dada. "Access to Finance, Indigenous Technology and Food Security in Nigeria: Case Study of Ondo Central Senatorial District." Economics and Culture 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0022.
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Abstract Research purpose: Food security remains a major component of economic development. Many developing nations are facing challenges of food insecurity, which had contributed to starvation and other societal problems. With adequate food intake, human healthy living is assured. This study investigates the impact of access to formal finance and indigenous technology and knowledge on food security in Ondo central senatorial district in Ondo state, Nigeria. Methodology: In total, 216 farmers were sampled, and data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire and focus interviews. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and logit estimation technique. Findings: Descriptive statistics show that there are more male farmers (61.1%) than female counterparts (38.9%), with most of the farmers (42.7%) in their ages 56 years and above and with 51.9% having primary education. Majority of the farmers (65.7%) engage in arable crop farming, while 15.2 and 19.1% engage in cash crop and livestock farming, respectively. The econometric model reveals that age, income, gender, education, marital status, religion, family size, assets owned and distance are major determinants of a farmer’s decision on account ownership, savings and borrowing. Indigenous knowledge of soil fertility, disease-resistant and quickly-growing crops, food storage, local weather, water management, pest and diseases control are significant determinants of food security in Ondo central senatorial district. Likewise, account ownership, savings and borrowing from formal financial institutions are significant determinants of food security. Practical implications: It is, therefore, important that efforts to ease access to formal financial services and improve indigenous technology to serve as complement to modern farming techniques to achieve food security be made a priority by government and private institutions.
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D’Costa, Diantha, Virginia Bodolica, and Martin Spraggon. "In the uncertain world of Qontrac International: navigating through family, growth and succession management challenges." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2018-0153.
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Learning outcomes Upon completion of this case study analysis, the course audience is expected to achieve four learning outcomes. In particular, students should be able to conduct a comprehensive organizational diagnosis to uncover the peculiarities of managing a family business; analyze the specific challenges faced by family-owned enterprises in the context of emerging markets; evaluate the succession management practices in family organizations and design a profile of a successful successor; assess the effectiveness of managerial decision-making and provide recommendations for securing the sustainability of a family firm. Case overview/synopsis This case study unveils the tumultuous story of Vishwanath Shetty, an ambitious entrepreneur who transformed his small venture into a profitable family business with operations in Middle East, Asia and Africa. Since the early establishment of Qontrac International in 1989, he relied on the ownership and management participation of several members of his and his wife’s families. Over the years, Vishwanath was successful in pursuing a strategy of continuous growth and geographic diversification by taking advantage of the business opportunities in several regions and opening up branches in Oman, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Ghana and India. Yet, almost three decades after its launch, the company was confronted with a number of family, growth and succession management challenges that endangered its survival in the long run. The Shetty family experienced a serious rift due to financial reasons, the performance of the two branches managed by siblings declined, and the old firm structure and management style did not fit well with the newly enlarged and geographically dispersed Qontrac International. To deal with these organizational issues, Vishwanath was faced with an additional dilemma of securing the support of a suitable intra-family candidate who could join the family business and become his successor. By describing the strategic events and family dynamics that shaped the evolution of Qontrac International over time, the case provides an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of managerial decision-making in the context of family firms and provide viable recommendations for ensuring firm survival and longevity. Complexity academic level Upper-level undergraduate audience Graduate audience (in Master of Global Entrepreneurial Management program). Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code Strategy.
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Joshi, Gaurav. "An analysis of women’s self-help groups’ involvement in microfinance program in India." Rajagiri Management Journal 13, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ramj-08-2019-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this is to classify the social and economic factors which impact the involvement of women in self-help groups (SHGs) for their economic as well as social empowerment. Design/methodology/approach The research has been conducted in Nainital district of Uttarakhand (India) in 2018. Primary data have been gathered from women respondent only on factors relating to the ownership of asset, housing characteristics and other demographic details. Both SHG and non-SHG women members have been chosen as key informants during the survey. Multi-stage purposive and stratified random sampling has been used for the selection of respondents and SHGs. The logit regression model has been formulated to describe the causes that influence the participation of women in SHGs. Also, an empowerment index has been constructed to measure the effect of SHGs on women empowerment. Findings The results show that factors including age, education, family type and distance from the market have a significant impact on the participation of women in SHGs. Also, there is a significant difference in both these values which suggests that the value of the empowerment index gets significantly increased after joining the SHGs. Practical implications Analytically derived factors have been used to develop an empowerment index. Hence, the present research is valuable for marketing practitioners, entrepreneurs and professionals from the development sector who intend to work amongst SHGs, primarily with women. The paper is valuable for academic researchers in this area so that the limited body of knowledge, on the empowerment index, could be developed. Originality/value The present research is unique because the authors did not find work, especially in the context of rural India, in the said area. Factors impacting the participation of women in SHGs along with the impact of participation on empowerment have been explored using the logit regression model, leading to the development of an empowerment index.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Sharmin Mizan, Razitasham binti Safii, and Sk Akhtar Ahmad. "Willingness to Pay for Health Insurance among Urban Poor: An Evidence from Urban Primary Health Care Project in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 19, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v19i3.45860.
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Background and Objective: With the growing concern over treatment cost in health care and the desire to improve the effectiveness and equality of healthcare financing and the quality of the care, policy-makers have turned their attention to health insurance, especially, for the poor. This study attempted to determine the willingness to pay for health insurance among the mothers who utilized the urban primary health care clinic (UPHCC) for maternal and child health.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the working areas of UPHC Project in Bangladesh following two-stage cluster sampling technique to select the participants. Data were collected from 3949 women aged 15-49 years having at least one child aged two years or less. The data on willingness to pay for health insurance was collected using the contingent valuation method with bidding style. Data analysis was done by SPSS 22.0 version. Two generalized linear models with binary logit link function and normal identity link function were developed to identify the potential predictors for willingness to pay for monthly health insurance.
Results: Three-fifths (67.5%) of the respondents agreed to pay for monthly health insurance. The median monthly premium for health insurance was BDT 15.5. Multivariate analysis revealed that utilization of UPHC clinic, quality of life, family size, age, wealth index, level of education, husband and respondent’s occupation, ownership status of the house, religion and family income appeared to be potential predictors for health insurance (p<0.05). However, utilization of UPHC clinic and quality of life appeared to be important predictors across all the models.
Conclusion: A large proportion of the community agreed to pay premium for health insurance. Based on the finding of the current study the policy makers might consider introducing a scheme for health insurance especially among the urban poor.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.433-443
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Quayum, MA, and Amin Muhammad Ali. "Adoption and Diffusion of Power Tillers in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 2 (July 14, 2012): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11234.
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The present study examines the extent of adoption of power tillers (PT) in Bangladesh and analyzes the variation in adoption across regions and across farms in selected areas to investigate the justification for wider use of power tillers. Primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from 267 sample farmers from eight villages of four upazilas of four districts using proportionately stratified random sampling technique. Secondary data were collected from different published sources. The average growth rate of power tillers in Bangladesh was 21.0 percent during 1993-2003. Power tillers are unevenly distributed all over the country. The highest and the lowest adoption of power tillers were 44.4 and 3.6 percent in Rajshahi and Barisal divisions respectively. The percentage of area cultivated under power tiller is 69.6. Multiple regression analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between number of PT and credit availability. The credit availability may be a decisive factor in increasing cropping intensity which requires reduction of turnaround time. Irrigated area, number of small farm holdings and credit availability are found to have significant and positive association with intensity of power tiller use in different regions of Bangladesh. Analysis of Logit Model applied to farm level data indicates that the educational level and income surplus of farmers have significant positive relationship with ownership of power tillers. The coefficients of adult family members and number of draught power owned by the farmers are however found to be significantly negative. The number of power tiller is increasing with the decreasing of draught animal power. Thus credit should be provided to the farmers and owners of all regions of the country to buy power tillers to adopt evenly to increase crop production profitably. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11234 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 307-325, June 2012
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Cesarman, Ethel, Mikhail Roshal, Jonathan Reichel, Wagner Florian, Bhavneet Binder, Sakellarios Zairis, Jouliana Sadek, Joshua Brody, Raul Rabadan, and Sandeep Dave. "RNA Sequencing of Hodgkin Lymphoma Reed-Sternberg Cells Uncovers a Plasma Cell Signature and Escape from NK Cell Recognition." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131163.
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Introduction: Previous gene expression profiling studies of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) have been confined to cell lines and microdissected HRS cells from tissue biopsies given the difficulty of isolating sparse Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells from reactive background tissue. We previously used flow sorting to separate HRS cells from fresh or viably frozen cHL biopsies, and performed the first full exome sequencing of HRS cells. Here we report use of the same cell separation approach to examine the HRS cell transcriptome using RNA sequencing. Methods: We used flow cytometric cell sorting and low-input RNA sequencing to generate full transcriptome data from viable primary HRS cells, along with intratumor B cells. Nine primary cases of cHL and four cell lines were assessed for RNA expression, expressed mutations, cell type of origin, signaling pathways, gene fusions and pathogen identification. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate expression of PDIA6 and CD48 in the 9 cases sequenced and a tissue microarray containing 16 additional cases of cHL. Flow cytometry for CD48 was performed in two cell lines and 5 primary cases. Results: Clustering show that primary HRS cells have a transcriptional profile that is unique, and different from that of intratumoral B cells, as well as cHL cell lines. Comparison of HRS cells with normal cellular subsets indicated plasma cell differentiation, suggesting that the cell of origin is a B cell on its way to becoming a plasma cell. Clustering with B cells showed much lower similarity. Consistent with plasma cell differentiation, we uncovered an unfolded protein response UPR) signature, shared with plasma cell neoplasms and, to a lesser extent, activated B cell (ABC) diffuse large B cell lymphoma, but not other B cell lymphoma types, including primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBCL). Among other UPR response genes, PDIA6 showed strong downregulation at the RNA level (2.4 logFC, p=9.4E-17). This finding was validated by immunohistochemistry for PDIA6, which showed strong positivity in the HRS cells of all 25 cases examined, confirming that this is a common feature of cHL, including nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity subtypes. Top upregulated genes included those involved in oncogenesis (HGF/MET, NFkB/apoptosis inhibition), stem cell differentiation (homeobox genes MEIS1 and PBX1), and mitotic checkpoints, mitotic spindle formation and DNA repair, possibly explaining the unique nuclear morphology of HRS cells. Downregulation of MHC-1 and MHC-2 driven antigen processing and presentation was confirmed, and so was overexpression of PDL1 (CD274). Importantly, we detected loss of SLAM family receptors, which serve as activation signals for NK cells providing an additional mechanism for tumor immune evasion. One of these is CD48 (-2.63 logFC, p=1.56E-05), which was confirmed to be strongly downregulated. This finding was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (25 cases) and flow cytometry (2 cell lines and 5 primary cases) on the expanded sample set. Given that only some cHL cases are associated with EBV infection, it has been speculated that other viruses are involved in negative cases. However, our analysis did not reveal additional viruses in the HRS cells. Conclusions: Our data indicate that cHL more closely resembles plasma cells than B cells, and plasma cell malignancies than other lymphomas. The salient feature of plasmacytic differentiation is a UPR, which is seen in HRS cells and multiple myeloma. In contrast, UPR is not a feature of primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma, which is thought to be the DLBCL most similar to cHL clinically, immunophenotypically and in terms of gene expression patterns. We also provide an integrated view of potential immune evasion mechanisms by HRS cells that potentially explain lack of anti-tumor T or innate response. These include lack of antigen presentation due to B2M mutations, overexpression of PDL1 and PDL2, immunosuppressive cytokine secretion and, for the first time, a demonstration of lack of NK activating receptors of the SLAM family. Lack of SLAM family receptors may explain lack of NK cells clearance of HRS cells in the face of MHC-I downregulation. It has long been suspected that cHL is a tumor where there likely exists a previously undiscovered virus in addition to EBV, but RNA sequencing failed to reveal additional infectious transcripts in the HRS cells. Disclosures Roshal: Celgene: Other: Provision of Services; Auron Therapeutics: Equity Ownership, Other: Provision of services; Physicians' Education Resource: Other: Provision of services. Brody:Kite Pharma: Research Funding; Celldex Therapeutics: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Acerta Pharma: Research Funding; Oncovir, Inc.: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding. Dave:Data Driven Bioscience: Equity Ownership.
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Hall, Stephanie. "Econometric Analysis Suggests Possible Crowding Out of Public Libraries by Book Superstores among Middle Income Families in the 1990s." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 3 (September 5, 2007): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8488s.
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Objective – To determine the effect of large bookstores (defined as those having 20 or more employees) on household library use.
Design – Econometric analysis using cross-sectional data sets.
Setting – The United States of America.
Subjects – People in over 55,000 households across the U.S.A.
Methods – Data from 3 1996 studies were examined using logit and multinomial logit estimation procedures: the National Center for Education Statistics’ National Household Education Survey (NHES) and Public Library Survey (PLS), and the U.S. Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (CBP). The county level results of the NHES telephone survey were merged with the county level data from the PLS and the CBP. Additionally, data on Internet use at the state level from the Statistical Abstract of the United States were incorporated into the data set. A logit regression model was used to estimate probability of library use based on several independent variables, evaluated at the mean.
Main results – In general, Hemmeter found that "with regard to the impact of large bookstores on household library use, large bookstores do not appear to have an effect on overall library use among the general population” (613).
While no significant changes in general library use were found among high and low income households where more large bookstores were present, nor in the population taken as a whole, middle income households (between $25,000 and $50,000 in annual income) showed notable declines in library use in these situations. These effects were strongest in the areas of borrowing (200% less likely) and recreational purposes (161%), but were also present in work-related use and job searching. Hemmeter also writes that “poorer households use the library more often for job search purposes. The probability of library use for recreation, work, and consumer information increases as income increases. This effect diminishes as households get richer” (611). Finally, home ownership was also correlated with higher library use.
Households with children were more than 20% more likely to use the library (610). Their use of the library for school-related purposes, general borrowing, program activities, and so on was not affected by the presence of book superstores. White families with children were somewhat less likely to use the library, while families with higher earning and education levels were more likely to use the library. Library use also increased with the number of children in the family.
Shorter distances to the nearest branch and a higher proportion of AV materials were also predictive of higher library use. Educational level was another important factor, with those having less than high school completion being significantly less likely to use the library than those with higher levels of educational attainment.
Conclusions – The notable decline in public library use among middle income households where more large bookstores are present is seen as an important threat to libraries, as it may result in a decline in general support and support for funding among an important voting block. More current data are needed in this area. In addition to the type of information examined in this study, the author recommends the inclusion of information on funding, support for library referenda, and library quality as they relate to the presence of large bookstores.
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Ronnie, Linda. "Leadership challenges at Fritz Publishing." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 3 (July 24, 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2016-0049.
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Subject area Human Resource Management Study level/applicability Postgraduate business students, particularly MBA students. Case overview This case examines the working environment of Fritz Publishing, a small independent South African publishing company. Fritz Publishing was established in 1960 by Nick Fritz. After his retirement, ownership passed to his son, Martin. In 2011, Martin Fritz decided to sell the company to the Prys Group, an international publishing house headquartered in Germany. February 2011 saw the arrival of a newly appointed CEO for Fritz Publishing, Vadim Arshavin, who had already experienced excellent financial results as the head of another publishing house. In the wake of his arrival, the company experienced several changes. The case highlights the challenges at Fritz Publishing that have resulted in a growing sense of dissatisfaction. After Martin Fritz sold Fritz Publishing, the organisational culture shifted quite drastically which created challenges for managers, employees and customers alike. Employees, including some members of management, are de-motivated, disengaged and frustrated because of the leadership style and behaviour of the new CEO Vadim Arshavin and consider their psychological contracts to have been breached. The case explores factors that have helped create this situation. It considers challenges to the sustainability of the organisation given recent events including an internal employee engagement survey and feedback from key customers. The case further examines the potential dangers that toxic leadership creates within organisations and encourages discussion on ways this form of destructive leadership can be handled. Expected learning outcomes The learning objectives to be drawn from the case are: to assess the impact of leadership on organisational culture; to analyse how leadership impacts the psychological contract; to identify the cross-cultural factors at play in an emerging market organisation and to understand the way a toxic leadership style can detrimentally affect a high-performance workplace. In addition, there are further learning objectives that can be explored. These are: to examine the change process and associated challenges with the introduction of new leadership into a family-type organisational culture; to understand how breach can be avoided and/or how the psychological contract can be reconstructed. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
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Sunon, Kamrul Hassan, Muzhtaba Tawkeer Islam, and M. Adnan Kabir. "Impact of family succession on financial performance: empirical evidence from Bangladesh." Journal of Family Business Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (February 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-06-2020-0058.
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PurposeAcademic research on the transgenerational performance differences among family firms in Bangladesh is still in its infancy. This paper delves into this issue to answer whether the financial performance of family firms run by second-generation family members is different from their predecessors and nonfamily firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs panel data analysis that attempts to conceptualize the performance difference, quantified in terms of profitability and return, between founder- and second-generation-run public companies in Bangladesh. Moreover, cross-sectional regressions extend the research paradigm to investigate and validate whether heir-controlled family firms perform differently than nonfamily firms or firms that are yet to experience ownership succession within a family.FindingsThe study indicates that family firms perform better when founding family members are in control compared to second-generation-run family firms. Moreover, further analysis suggests that heir-controlled family firms do not show a significant difference in performance compared to firms that never had a family succession in its managerial positions. The implications are that there could be nonfinancial family-centric motivations for family business ownership transition.Practical implicationsFamily succession of firm ownership is venerated without necessarily a validation of its financial merit. In Bangladesh, this is too often a de facto transfer of leadership within family firms. This study can act as a reference point to understand that family succession of firm ownership in Bangladesh may not necessarily be in the best financial interest of a firm.Originality/valueThe literature on family firms propounds a plethora of vacillating conclusions and opinions. This paper adds this body of empirical literature into an exercise of formal logic. Such an empirical investigation into the financial performance of Bangladeshi family firms, visualized through the lens of leadership transfer to a second-generation family member, has not been extensively studied in contemporary literature.
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Donovan, Outi. "Trading Freedoms for Protection: Gender and Localised Protection in Libya." Global Responsibility to Protect, August 24, 2021, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-984x-13020016.
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Abstract Much has been written on the 2011 intervention in Libya and its implications to the R2P principle, but we know less about the lived experience of protection in a context where the post-intervention responsibility for protecting civilians was quickly transferred to the interim authorities who had limited governance capacity. This has resulted in ‘localised protection’ where militias, tribal elders, and family members constitute the main actors providing protection to their respective communities. Although this is in line with the growing emphasis on local ownership underwriting UN and donor discourse, a troubling upshot of the localised protection is that it often disempowers, and at times subjects the protected to further insecurity and violence. The aim of this analysis is to explore this dynamic of protection and insecurity. I draw on feminist theorising of the masculine protection logic and argue that civilians in Libya negotiate multiple, gendered protection bargains that often produce perverse outcomes, by subjecting the ‘protected’ to renewed or increased insecurities, rather than reducing them.
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Martinez Ferrero, Jennifer, Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza, and Manuel Bermejo-Sánchez. "Is family ownership of a firm associated with the control of managerial discretion and corporate decisions?" Journal of Family Business Management 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-06-2015-0022.
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Purpose This paper considers the association between family firms and managerial discretion, hypothesising that a higher degree of family ownership may decrease the conflict of interest between owners and managers, thus avoiding the risk of discretionary actions by the latter. Design/methodology/approach Our empirical analysis is based on a large sample of international listed companies from 20 countries including the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong and covers the period 2002–2010. Methodologically, we use a logit model with marginal effects on the panel data. Findings Our analysis shows that family ownership is associated with greater control and monitoring of managerial decisions, thus avoiding information asymmetries and, therefore, the risk of discretionary actions. In other words, family owners impose a stronger discipline and dissuade non-family managers from using managerial discretion to act in their own interest. Finally, we clarify the inconclusive results reported previously about the effects of family ownership on discretionary practices. Originality/value Our paper contributes to the family firm literature by providing evidence of the impact of ownership structure on the level of discretionay practices. Furthermore, we explore the differences between family and non-family firms as each group has its own varied characteristics. Moreover, in contrast to most previous studies, which have focused on only one country, we extend the analysis to include an international sample of 20 countries. This leads to potentially more powerful and generalizable results.
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Khan, Ajab. "Ownership structure, board characteristics and dividend policy: evidence from Turkey." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (September 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-04-2021-0129.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of ownership structure and board characteristics on dividend policy in the listed Turkish firms between 2013 and 2019. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the probability of paying dividends, dividend payout ratio and dividend yield measures. The suitable regression procedures (logit, probit and Tobit models) are used to examine the research hypotheses by focusing on a panel data set drawn from the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) 100 index, excluding financial and utility firms. Findings The empirical findings indicate that institutional and concentrated ownerships are significant and positively associated with dividend payouts, whereas family ownership does not influence dividend policy. On the other end, board size is positive, while chief executive officer duality is negatively related to dividend policy. Additionally, the female directors and board independence are insignificant in influencing firms to pay high dividends. Research limitations/implications Future researchers can validate this paper’s findings by considering the stock dividends as well. Additionally, future researchers may investigate the relationship between these constructs by extending the sample size of firms listed on BIST or in other emerging markets. Practical implications This study’s findings may serve policymakers, regulators, investors and academic researchers to get valuable guidance from relevant literature. The Turkish firms may improve dividend policy by implementing the regulatory framework introduced by the Capital Markets Law in 2012 for effective monitoring and protecting the minority shareholders’ rights. The controlling shareholders may alleviate principal-principal conflicts by ensuring the independence of directors and increasing the number of female directors according to the critical mass of at least 30% of board members. Originality/value This study contributes to agency theory and signaling theory by considering ownership structure and board attributes among Turkish firms related to dividend payments.
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Panicker, Vidya Sukumara, Rajesh Srinivas Upadhyayula, and Sumit Mitra. "Lender representatives on board of directors and internationalization in firms: an institutionalized agency perspective." Journal of Management and Governance, September 21, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10997-021-09600-x.
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AbstractFrom an agency perspective, the Anglo-Saxon features of corporate governance are predominantly explored by various studies in extant literature. However, it has recently been established that diverse and unique institutional configurations exist in different economies across the world and hence, the attitude of different actors within a firm, as shaped by institutional logics, can vary. Our study applies the institutionalized agency perspective to understand how the behaviour of different actors, within firms in the Indian institutional context, are shaped, consequently determining their roles in the strategic decisions of firms. We examine the representation of lenders in the board of directors, which is a characteristic of corporate governance in India. Our sample for this study consists of 985 unique Indian firms and 5513 firm year observations across the 2006–2017 time-period. We find a negative association between the proportion of lender representatives on board of directors and internationalization of firms. In addition, we also find that family ownership positively moderates this relation, whereas foreign institutional investors and domestic banks and financial institutional investors moderate this relationship negatively. In this manner, we explore the impact of institutional environment on a very specific actor (lenders) and their representatives towards internationalization.