Journal articles on the topic 'Family medicine Victoria'
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Warowny, Wojciech. "Matrimony and parenthood in the life of Queen Victoria." Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio 3, no. 51 (September 28, 2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1111.
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Starting a family and caring for your offspring is a task of a paramount importance in the life of every person. This belief is unchangeable since the ages past and was popular also in 19th century, when love was not the most important virtue in marriage and childrens’ mortality rate was maintaining a very substantial number. The person who knew it the best was „the Grandmother of Europe” – Queen Victoria who, together with her husband, prince Albert, fostered nine children, and her descendants to this day reign over some of the thrones of Europe.
In this article the mindset of Queen Victoria, in regards to parenthood, will be shown on the basis of journals and her correspondences. Motherhood was a „darker side” of marriage. In that century It was a duty of every woman to fulfill it. High number of pregnancies and problems with properly fostering a family, left a physical and mental mark on Victoria, which is why her view on upbringing may surprise and shock.
Relationship of Victoria and Albert was not as harmonious as people thought, because of couple’s differences in character. Rashness and short temper of Victoria fought Albert’s calmness and mindfulness – that was the picture of their married life for over 20 years. Numerous rows and arguments were a constant element of their life. On the one hand feeling of being intellectually inferior, on the other, low social status, those were the main reasons for disagreements between spouses. During their marriage Albert tried to change Victoria’s character. To some extend he succeeded, but the price was his health. The picture of the royal family perceived by their people was different to reality, but warmth and joy of family life, without disagreements and maintaining all moral codes, were supposed to be a trademark of family in Victorian era.
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Ranson, David L., and Lyndal Bugeja. "Medicolegal Death Investigation: Coroner and Forensic Pathology Functions and Processes in Victoria, Australia." Academic Forensic Pathology 7, no. 4 (December 2017): 567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2017.048.
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The medicolegal death investigation in Victoria, Australia is a traditional coroner system based on the model in England and Wales in the early 20th Century. In 1985, the first of a series of legislative amendments were made that proved the vanguard of reform of the coroners' jurisdictions in Australia. The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine (the Institute) was established by the Coroners Act 1985 (Vic.), now the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine Act 1985 (Vic.), to provide forensic pathology, medical, and related scientific services needed by the justice system. In addition to death investigation, other forensic and scientific services are performed by the Institute including: clinical medical examinations and support services for assault victims and perpetrators, forensic toxicology services and molecular biology, and anthropology and odontology services in relation to human identification. Medical and nursing staff provide medical information and support to families in a therapeutic setting, as well as direct referral to clinical medical specialists. This takes place where a medical death investigation procedure uncovers genetic or familial disease that may place other family members at risk of future illness. A donor tissue bank ensures that a death also provides the opportunity for families to donate organs and tissues from the deceased for transplantation. Today, the traditional autopsy is one of several modalities of death investigation with postmortem radiology and imaging playing a significant role. This paper describes the principles and new processes at the Institute that support the coroner in death investigation and prevention as well as the therapeutic services designed to relieve the burden of disease on the community.
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Segrave, Marie, Dean Wilson, and Kate Fitz-Gibbon. "Policing intimate partner violence in Victoria (Australia): Examining police attitudes and the potential of specialisation." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865816679686.
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The adequacy of police responses to intimate partner violence has long animated scholarly debate, review and legislative change. While there have been significant shifts in community recognition of and concern about intimate partner violence, particularly in the wake of the Victorian Royal Commission into Family Violence, it nonetheless remains a significant form of violence and harm across Australian communities and a key issue for police, as noted in the report and recommendations of the Royal Commission. This article draws on findings from semi-structured interviews (n = 163) with police in Victoria and pursues two key inter-related arguments. The first is that police attitudes towards incidents of intimate partner violence remain overwhelmingly negative. Despite innovations in policy and training, we suggest that this consistent dissatisfaction with intimate partner violence incidents as a policing task indicates a significant barrier, possibly insurmountable, to attempts to reform the policing of intimate partner violence via force-wide initiatives and the mobilisation of general duties for this purpose. Consequently, our second argument is that specialisation via a commitment to dedicated intimate partner violence units – implemented more consistently and comprehensively than Victoria Police has to date – extends the greatest promise for effective policing of intimate partner violence in the future.
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Samaroo, Bethan. "Assessing Palliative Care Educational Needs of Physicians and Nurses: Results of a Survey." Journal of Palliative Care 12, no. 2 (June 1996): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585979601200205.
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The Greater Victoria Hospital Society (GVHS) Palliative Care Committee surveyed medical and nursing staff from four hospitals and The Victoria Hospice Society in February, 1993. The purpose of the survey was to identify physicians’ and nurses’ perceived educational needs related to death and dying. Programs that focus on the dying process; patient pain, symptom, and comfort control; and patient and family support were identified as necessary to meet the educational needs of physicians and nurses in providing quality palliative care. Physicians and nurses identified communication skills as being paramount. Communications concerning ethical issues were highlighted as the most difficult to cope with.
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Sarkar, Reena, Joan Ozanne-Smith, Joanna F. Dipnall, and Richard Bassed. "Population study of orofacial injuries in adult family violence homicides in Victoria, Australia." Forensic Science International 316 (November 2020): 110467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110467.
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Chia, A. C. L., M. G. Irwin, P. W. H. Lee, T. H. W. Lee, and S. F. Man. "Comparison of Stress in Anaesthetic Trainees between Hong Kong and Victoria, Australia." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 36, no. 6 (November 2008): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0803600617.
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A postal survey was sent to anaesthetic trainees in Hong Kong and Victoria, Australia to compare work-related stress levels. Demographic data were collected. Anaesthetist-specific stressors, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Global Job Satisfaction scores were used for psychological testing. The response rates from Hong Kong and Melbourne were 64 of 133 (48.1%) and 108 of 196 (55.1%), respectively. Victorian respondents were older with greater family commitments, but more advanced in fulfilling training requirements. Hong Kong respondents, being faced with both the challenge of dual College requirements, exhibited consistently higher indices of stress (P <0.001) and less job satisfaction (P <0.001). Common occupational stressors related to dealing with critically ill patients and medicolegal concerns. Higher stress scores observed in Hong Kong trainees related to service provision and a perceived lack of resources. Despite the complex nature of stress, its antecedents and manifestations, an inverse relationship between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction was evident in correlation analysis (P <0.001). This survey suggests that stress was present in some trainees in both areas. Hong Kong trainees may benefit from local development to address mental wellbeing as being important to fulfil this highly competitive training program.
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Horta-Vega, Jorge Víctor, Maximiliano Vanoye-Eligio, Mauricio Emanuel García-Gutiérrez, Juana María Coronado-Blanco, and Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano. "Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) from the locality Cañón del Novillo, Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico." ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.) 29, no. 2 (August 31, 2013): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/azm.2013.2921115.
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A total of 67 species and 23 genera of Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) are recorded from 339 specimens collected in 2.3 ha of a spiny shrub located in Cañón del Novillo in Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. The high species richness and diversity index found for this group are comparable with the ones obtained for other hymenopteran taxa from the same locality. Ten new records for Crabronidae arereported for Tamaulipas, increasing to 128 the number of known species of this family of solitary wasps for this state.
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Pérez Rodríguez, Eva. "The Unlikely Heroine beyond Family Trauma: Four Women’s Fictions of the Second World War in Greece." Babel – AFIAL : Aspectos de Filoloxía Inglesa e Alemá, no. 31 (December 16, 2022): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.35869/afial.v0i31.4299.
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My analysis of Victoria Hislop’s The Island (2005), Leah Fleming’s The Girl under the Olive Tree (2013), Sofka Zinovieff’s The House on Paradise Street (2012), and Brenda Reid’s The House of Dust and Dreams (2010) examines their treatment of the exotic setting of Greece in the specific historical context of World War II, while following the conventions of popular romance or popular women’s fiction. As a consequence of the conflict, the traditional family structure is compromised. This is particularly evident in the case of the female protagonists, heroines who refuse to fall within the traditional happyever-after ending and opt for a fulfilling career, a longfelt vocation, singlehood or simply unusual friendships of their choice. As a result, even in novels categorized as “romances”, the presence of a hero or lover is questioned and redefined. My analysis starts with Victoria Hislop’s The Island, a historical narrative of the leper colony at Spinalonga, around the time of the Second World War. For comparative purposes regarding the treatment of popular fiction elements, Brenda Reid’s The House of Dust and Dreams and Leah Fleming’s The Girl under the Olive Tree are discussed as being more generically romantic. Finally, Sofka Zinovieff’s The House on Paradise Street offers an example of a cohesive, compact combination of political confrontation and popular romance, while at the same time England appears as the counterpoint to the exoticism of Greece.
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Zark, Laura, Stefanie M. Hammond, Angela Williams, and Jennifer L. Pilgrim. "Family violence in Victoria, Australia: a retrospective case-control study of forensic medical casework." International Journal of Legal Medicine 133, no. 5 (January 25, 2019): 1537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02000-9.
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Nanvubya, Annet, Julius Ssempiira, Juliet Mpendo, Ali Ssetaala, Annet Nalutaaya, Mathias Wambuzi, Paul Kitandwe, et al. "Correction: Use of Modern Family Planning Methods in Fishing Communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda." PLOS ONE 10, no. 11 (November 24, 2015): e0143988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143988.
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Cho, Melinda Yunkyo, Gemma McKibbin, and Mohajer A. Hameed. "General Practitioners’ Perspectives about Addressing Family Violence with Men from Refugee and Immigrant Backgrounds in Victoria, Australia." Open Journal of Social Sciences 09, no. 10 (2021): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.910022.
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McEwan, Troy E., Daniel E. Shea, and James R. P. Ogloff. "The Development of the VP-SAFvR: An Actuarial Instrument for Police Triage of Australian Family Violence Reports." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 4 (October 12, 2018): 590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818806031.
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This study describes the rationale, development, and validation of the Victoria Police Screening Assessment for Family Violence Risk (VP-SAFvR). The actuarial instrument was developed on a sample of 24,446 Australian police reports from 2013-2014. Information from each report and criminal histories of those involved were collected with 12-month follow-up, and binary logistic regression used to develop an improper predictive model. The selected VP-SAFvR cut-off score correctly identified almost three quarters of cases with further reports, while half of those without were accurately excluded. It was effective for frontline police triage decision-making, with few screened-out cases reporting further family violence, while those screened-in required additional risk assessment. Predictive validity was adequate and consistent across family relationships and demographic groups, although it was less effective in predicting future family violence reports involving same-sex couples or child perpetrators. Further evaluation in a field trial is necessary to determine the validity of the VP-SAFvR in practice.
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Gavidia-Payne, Susana, Lyn Littlefield, Mats Hallgren, Peter Jenkins, and Neil Coventry. "Outcome Evaluation of a Statewide Child Inpatient Mental Health Unit." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 2 (April 2003): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01124.x.
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Objective: To assess the impact of inpatient intervention, provided by a child mental health unit in Victoria, Australia, on a number of key child and family variables. Method: Pre-post test design with a four-month follow up was applied to assess changes across time. Twenty-nine parents, 42 teachers, and 37 referrers provided reports on a series of child, parent, and family functioning measures. Results: Significant improvements in child behaviour and functioning, parenting competency and efficacy, parenting practices, and reduced parental depression were observed over time. Changes in family functioning scores were not significant; however, univariate analysis indicated improvements in two individual subscales. Conclusions: There is a lack of studies of the outcome of inpatient interventions of children in psychiatric settings. However, as shown in the present study, improvements in functioning can be detected and obtained with short-term interventions that focus on both children and families. Methodological shortcomings (i.e. absence of comparison groups) and lack of specificity in intervention variables, however, are difficulties yet to be overcome in evaluation research of inpatient treatment.
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Whitworth, Hilary S., Joyce Pando, Christian Hansen, Natasha Howard, Amen Moshi, Otto Rocky, Happiness Mahanga, et al. "Drowning among fishing communities on the Tanzanian shore of lake Victoria: a mixed-methods study to examine incidence, risk factors and socioeconomic impact." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e032428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032428.
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ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of unintentional fatal drowning and describe associated risk factors among Lake Victoria fishing communities, and to assess perceived social, financial and other impacts among families and colleagues of persons who drowned.DesignA retrospective, observational mixed-methods study, conducted between September 2017 and February 2018.SettingEight Tanzanian fishing communities on Lake Victoria.ParticipantsPersons who drowned in the preceding 24 months were identified using an extensive community networking approach. Adult family members, colleagues or community members familiar with the habits and behaviours of people who drowned and/or circumstances of drowning incidents participated in surveys (n=44) and in-depth interviews (n=22).Main outcome measuresPooled drowning incidence, with sensitivity analyses allowing for uncertainties in population estimates. Risk factors were identified through the evaluation of behavioural characteristics of persons who drowned and circumstances of drowning incidents. Perceived socioeconomic impacts were assessed through semi-structured interviews with their family members and colleagues.ResultsThe estimated drowning incidence was 217/100 000 person-years (95% CI 118 to 425/100 000). Of 86 victims identified, 70 (81%) were fishermen (79% aged 18–40 years; all men) and 9 were children (all ≤10 years). All deaths occurred in the lake. Most adults (65/77; 84%) were fishing from a boat when they drowned; 57/77 (74%) died in the evening (from ~5 pm) or at night. Six children (67%) drowned while swimming/playing at the lakeshore unsupervised. Few victims (2/86; 2%) were wearing a life jacket at the time of death. Reported socioeconomic impacts of these deaths ranged from income loss to family break-up.ConclusionsDrowning is a significant risk in Tanzanian lakeside fishing communities, with estimated mortality exceeding national incidence rates of fatal malaria, tuberculosis or HIV, but preventative strategies appear uncommon. Socioeconomic impact at the family level may be substantial. Intervention strategies are required to reduce the drowning burden among this neglected at-risk population.
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Addison, Paul. "Alex Wiseman: reluctant architect?" Architectural History Aotearoa 14 (December 5, 2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v14i.7788.
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The Auckland Ferry Building, completed in 1912, is still a significant landmark in downtown Auckland today. However, its architect, Alex Wiseman, remains less well-known and more enigmatic. Born in Auckland in 1865 into a prominent Methodist family, Wiseman was apprenticed at 16 years of age to noted architect Edward Bartley for a term of four years. Wiseman then practised as a draughtsman for a period, before moving to Victoria, Australia, to follow his first love, music, making his living as a music teacher and organist. After marrying and starting a family, the lot of an impecunious musician may have held less appeal, and in 1903 Wiseman returned to Auckland. He established his own architectural practice and, over the next 12 years until his death at the age of just 50, he received, often with the aid of familial and church connections, several high-profile commissions, including the ferry building, the YMCA building and Auckland Training College (both in Wellesley Street), and "Greenacres," the home of James Gunson, later mayor of Auckland.
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Hall, Teresa, Sharon Goldfeld, Hayley Loftus, Suzy Honisett, Hueiming Liu, Denise De Souza, Cate Bailey, et al. "Integrated Child and Family Hub models for detecting and responding to family adversity: protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation in two sites." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e055431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055431.
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IntroductionIntegrated community healthcare Hubs may offer a ‘one stop shop’ for service users with complex health and social needs, and more efficiently use service resources. Various policy imperatives exist to implement Hub models of care, however, there is a dearth of research specifically evaluating Hubs targeted at families experiencing adversity. To contribute to building this evidence, we propose to co-design, test and evaluate integrated Hub models of care in two Australian community health services in low socioeconomic areas that serve families experiencing adversity: Wyndham Vale in Victoria and Marrickville in New South Wales.Methods and analysisThis multisite convergent mixed-methods study will run over three phases to (1) develop the initial Hub programme theory through formative research; (2) test and, then, (3) refine the Hub theory using empirical data. Phase 1 involves co-design of each Hub with caregivers, community members and practitioners. Phase 2 uses caregiver and Hub practitioner surveys at baseline, and 6 and 12 months after Hub implementation, and in-depth interviews at 12 months. Two stakeholder groups will be recruited: caregivers (n=100–200 per site) and Hub practitioners (n=20–30 per site). The intervention is a co-located Hub providing health, social, legal and community services with no comparator. The primary outcomes are caregiver-reported: (i) identification of, (ii) interventions received and/or (iii) referrals received for adversity from Hub practitioners. The study also assesses child, caregiver, practitioner and system outcomes including mental health, parenting, quality of life, care experience and service linkages. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed by examining change in proportions/means from baseline to 6 months, from 6 to 12 months and from baseline to 12 months. Service linkages will be analysed using social network analysis. Costs of Hub implementation and a health economics analysis of unmet need will be conducted. Thematic analysis will be employed to analyse qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationRoyal Children’s Hospital and Sydney Local Health District ethics committees have approved the study (HREC/62866/RCHM-2020). Participants and stakeholders will receive results through meetings, presentations and publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN55495932.
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TRIVEDI, Devanshi, Vishal M. MAKWANA, Ashish H. SHUKLA, and Pravinsang P. DODIA. "Diversity of butterflies in Victoria Park Reserve Forest, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 11293. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb14311293.
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Documentation of biodiversity is crucial for examining the health of ecosystems. Many species act as an ecological indicator due to their susceptibility to changes in a particular environment. Butterflies, providing vital ecosystem services, respond uniquely to urbanization and can be a good tool for the assessment of the well-being of the habitat. The present study, one of its first kind in the particular habitat, provides a comprehensive outlook on the species diversity and abundance of butterflies at Victoria Park Reserve Forest, an urban forest area in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. The survey was conducted from March 2018 to February 2019 across all seasons. A total of 69 species belonging to 45 genera and five different families were recorded. The most diverse family was Lycaenidae (33.33%), followed by Nymphalidae (31.88%), Pieridae (21.74%), Papilionidae (7.25%), and Hesperiidae (5.80%). Junonia , was the dominant genus with six species. Out of the total recorded species,12 species are listed under the Least Concern category of the IUCN red list and 57 species are Not Evaluated. Seasonal variation in the number of species was observed, which shows the highest number of species in September (n=63) and the lowest in May (n=22). The abundance of the butterfly community was found to be highest during August (26.37%) and the lowest during February (1.85%). This study provided an understanding of the butterfly community in the habitat and would encourage further research for habitat restoration in the reserve forest.
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Ebobo Urowoli, Christiana. "Comparative analysis of domestic violence between illiterate and educated families in ETI-OSA LGA, Lagos State." Reality of Politics 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop2021402.
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Universally, men and women suffer in relationships before or after marriage which is detrimental to health. This paper examined the percentage of intimate partner violence in both the highly educated and not educated families to assertain which one has a higher percentage of violence than the other. It also aimed to investigate variations in causes of intimate partner violence in both family types and to examine the effects of violence on both families. The study adopted purposive sampling among market women and civil servants on Eti-Osa Local Government Area, Victoria Island, Lagos. The techniques of enquiry are questionnaire and interview among these chosen classes of people. The sample size is 200; 100 men and 100 women. The paper concluded that the percentage of domestic violence is higher in the illiterate families, though the causes and effects are slightly different. The paper recommended education to curb domestic violence in the society.
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Oyebola, F. O. "Communication Issues and Challenges of Information Sharing, Care Plans and Treatment Modalities for Cancer Patients and Families Accessing Hospice and Palliative Care Services in Nigeria and South Africa." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 106s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.24600.
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Background: The recent upsurge in the prevalence of cancer cases in Nigeria and other African countries is fast becoming a great challenge for the clinicians and urgently required holistic interventions. Most patients (60%–70%) usually present at an advanced incurable stage. Communication issues such as breaking bad news, discussions around treatment options, prognosis and advance care plans are often neglected. Cancer diagnosis is often synonymous to a death sentence and inadequate knowledge about disease trajectories and information sharing with patients and their families is often responsible for patients' frustration. A supportive palliative oncology teams play a critical role in facilitating and communicating between clinicians, patients and their families to bridge the gap and ensure effective therapeutic communication. Aim: In preparation for the forthcoming UICC African Cancer fellowship visit to the Life Abundant Palliative Care, Victoria Hospital in Wynberg, South Africa, a preliminary study will be made to identify relevant challenging issues and data among cancer patients at the Federal Medical Center Abeokuta Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective and prospective study will be performed of diagnosed cancer patients referred to the Pain and Palliative Medicine Department of the Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta, Nigeria between 2016 and 2017. Their diagnosis, treatment options, treatment compliance and defaults, offer of advance care plans, extent of interdisciplinary team and family involvement will be evaluated using the patients' case-notes. For surviving patients attending the pain and supportive palliative oncology clinic, their knowledge of the disease, treatment challenges, prognostication and family support will be identified and documented. Results: The observational gaps in the retrieved information and data about the treatment outcomes and interdisciplinary team support and challenges will form the basis or rather the prestudy platform for the planned fellowship visit on to the Life Abundant Palliative Care, Victoria Hospital in Wynberg, South Africa. The identified knowledge and skills gap would be used to design the final study in South Africa in August 2018. Conclusion: It is expected that the two studies will reflect communication issues and the approach to cancer patients' management in two different African clinical settings. The acquired lessons or experience during the second phase studies in the South Africa clinical setting would be translated to Nigeria practice and also shared at the 2018 UICC World Congress.
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Rutman, Deborah, and Belinda Parke. "Palliative Care Needs of Residents, Families, and Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities." Journal of Palliative Care 8, no. 2 (June 1992): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585979200800205.
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While there is growing recognition that the physical needs of LTC residents have increased markedly in the 20 years, the palliative care needs of facility residents and their families are poorly understood. There also is a dearth of information on the educational and support needs of LTC facility staff vis-a-vis palliative care. Operating from the Juan de Fuca Hospital Society (a network of extended care facilities in Victoria), our Palliative Support Team (PST) was conceived in order to act as an educational resource to JdF staff as well as to provide expert consultation on palliative care issues. As part of the evaluation of this pilot program, a sample of 74 Juan de Fuca workers were interviewed to determine their perceptions of resident, family, and staff needs in relation to palliative care. In this paper, discussion is focused on the palliative care needs identified by professional caregivers. The ways in which a palliative care consultation team can address some of these needs are also discussed.
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Zark, Laura, Jennifer Pilgrim, and Maaike Moller. "Family violence in Victoria: a retrospective case-control study of forensic medical casework and its context in an evolving landscape of reform." Pathology 50 (February 2018): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.12.060.
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Okullo, John Bosco Lamoris, Francis Omujal, Thomas Enuru, Celestin Bigirimana, Prossy Isubikalu, Jacob Godfrey Agea, Elias Bizuru, and Joseph Obua. "Farmers’ Use of Indigenous Fruit Trees to Cope with Climate Variability in the Lake Victoria Basin Districts of Uganda." Current Research in Agricultural Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/cras.v9i1.3048.
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The escalating extreme weather conditions has forced rural farmers in Africa to rely disproportionately on Indigenous Fruit Trees (IFTs) to sustain their household food/nutrition security, employment and income generation. This paper analysed farmers’ use of IFTs to cope with climate variability in selected Lake Victoria Basin Districts of Uganda. Data were collected from farmers using questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. From 13 most preferred IFTs, focus was on the most popular and highly ranked five: Garcinia buchananii, Vangueria apiculata, Canarium schweinfurthii, Tamarindus indica and Saba comorensis. Preferences for these IFTs were influenced by their uses for food, medicine, timber, compound shade provision and marketability. Age, sex, education, occupation, family size, land size, non-farming activities, period of stay on the same piece of land, and income level significantly (P≤0.05) influenced choice of the preferred IFTs. Majority of the respondents had IFTs planted on-farms, along the roads to provide various goods/services and in marginal lands unsuitable for farming to diversify agriculture as a strategy to cope with climate variability. Given that the uses of IFTs in the five LVB districts are associated with farmers’ efforts to cope with climate variability, the goal of any climate-adaptive farmer-based project should support sustainable use of IFTs, in the short-term and foster innovations such as on-farm planting of IFTs and other fast-growing tree species to meet household demands.
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Collins, Anna, Sue-Anne McLachlan, and Jennifer Philip. "Initial perceptions of palliative care: An exploratory qualitative study of patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers." Palliative Medicine 31, no. 9 (April 3, 2017): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216317696420.
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Background: Despite evidence for early integration of palliative care for people with advanced cancer and their families, patterns of late engagement continue. Prior research has focused on health professionals’ attitudes to palliative care with few studies exploring the views of patients and their carers. Aim: To explore initial perceptions of palliative care when this is first raised with patients with advanced cancer and their families in Australian settings. Design: Cross-sectional, prospective, exploratory qualitative design, involving narrative-style interviews and underpinned by an interpretative phenomenological framework. Setting/participants: Purposively sampled, English-speaking, adult patients with advanced cancer ( n = 30) and their nominated family caregivers ( n = 25) recruited from cancer services at a tertiary metropolitan hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Results: Three major themes evolved which represent the common initial perceptions of palliative care held by patients with advanced cancer and their carers when this concept is first raised: (1) diminished care, (2) diminished possibility and (3) diminished choice. Palliative care was negatively associated with a system of diminished care which is seen as a ‘lesser’ treatment alternative, diminished possibilities for hope and achievement of ambitions previously centred upon cure and diminished choices for the circumstances of one’s care given all other options have expired. Conclusion: While there is an increasing move towards early integration of palliative care, this study suggests that patient and caregiver understandings have not equally progressed. A targeted public health campaign is warranted to disentangle understandings of palliative care as the ‘institutional death’ and to reframe community rhetoric surrounding palliative care from that of disempowered dying to messages of choice, accomplishment and possibility.
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Symeonides, Christos, Peter J. Vuillermin, Emma Sciberras, Elizabeth Senn, Sarah M. Thomson, Nicole Wardrop, Vicki Anderson, Angela Pezic, Peter D. Sly, and Anne-Louise Ponsonby. "Importance of accounting for sibling age when examining the association between family size and early childhood cognition, language and emotional behaviour: a birth cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e041984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041984.
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ObjectivesLarger sibships are associated with poorer cognitive and language outcomes but have different impacts on child emotional development. Previous studies have not taken into account sibling age, nor have impacts across multiple neurodevelopmental domains been considered in the same participant group. This study investigated the influence of family size indicators on early childhood cognitive, language and emotional-behavioural development. The effect of sibling age was considered by evaluating these relationships separately for different sibling age categories.DesignProspective birth cohort study.SettingParticipants in the Barwon Infant Study were recruited from two major hospitals in the Barwon region of Victoria, Australia, between 2010 and 2013 (n=1074 children).ParticipantsThe 755 children with any neurodevelopmental data at age 2–3 years excluding twins and those with an acquired neurodisability.Outcome measuresCognitive and language development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, and emotional-behavioural development was measured with the Child Behaviour Checklist for Ages 1½−5.ResultsGreater household size was associated with a reduced cognitive development score (adjusted mean difference (AMD) −0.66 per extra household member; 95% CI −0.96 to –0.37; p<0.001) without age-specific differences. However, poorer expressive language was only observed for exposure to siblings between 2–6 and 6–10 years older. Having siblings 2–6 years older was associated with less internalising behaviour (AMD −2.1 per sibling; 95% CI −3.1 to –1.0; p<0.001). These associations persisted after multiple comparison adjustment.ConclusionsThe influence of siblings on early childhood development varies substantially by sibling age and the neurodevelopmental outcome under study. Although family size alone appears important for cognitive development, age-specific findings emphasise the importance of sibling interaction in early childhood expressive language development and emotional behaviour.
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Oakman, Jodi, Natasha Kinsman, Katrina Lambert, Rwth Stuckey, Melissa Graham, and Victoria Weale. "Working from home in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional results from the Employees Working From Home (EWFH) study." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e052733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052733.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the impacts, on mental and physical health, of a mandatory shift to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross sectional, online survey.SettingOnline survey was conducted from September 2020 to November 2020 in the general population.ParticipantsAustralian residents working from home for at least 2 days a week at some time in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.Main outcome measuresDemographics, caring responsibilities, working from home arrangements, work-related technology, work–family interface, psychosocial and physical working conditions, and reported stress and musculoskeletal pain.Results924 Australians responded to the online questionnaire. Respondents were mostly women (75.5%) based in Victoria (83.7%) and employed in the education and training and healthcare sectors. Approximately 70% of respondents worked five or more days from home, with only 60% having a dedicated workstation in an uninterrupted space. Over 70% of all respondents reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain or discomfort. Gendered differences were observed; men reported higher levels of family to work conflict (3.16±1.52 to 2.94±1.59, p=0.031), and lower levels of recognition for their work (3.75±1.03 to 3.96±1.06, p=0.004), compared with women. For women, stress (2.94±0.92 to 2.66±0.88, p<0.001) and neck/shoulder pain (4.50±2.90 to 3.51±2.84, p<0.001) were higher than men and they also reported more concerns about their job security than men (3.01±1.33 to 2.78±1.40, p=0.043).ConclusionsPreliminary evidence from the current study suggests that working from home may impact employees’ physical and mental health, and that this impact is likely to be gendered. Although further analysis is required, these data provide insights into further research opportunities needed to assist employers in optimising working from home conditions and reduce the potential negative physical and mental health impacts on their employees.
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Papadopoulos, Nicole, Emma Sciberras, Harriet Hiscock, Katrina Williams, Jane McGillivray, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Lidia Engel, et al. "Sleeping sound with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): study protocol for an efficacy randomised controlled trial of a tailored brief behavioural sleep intervention for ASD." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e029767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029767.
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IntroductionSleep problems are a characteristic feature of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with 40% to 80% of children experiencing sleep difficulties. Sleep problems have been found to have a pervasive impact on a child’s socio-emotional functioning, as well as on parents’ psychological functioning. The Sleeping Sound ASD project aims to evaluate the efficacy of a brief behavioural sleep intervention in reducing ASD children’s sleep problems in a fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT). Intervention impact on child and family functioning is also assessed.Methods and analysisThe RCT aims to recruit 234 children with a diagnosis of ASD, aged 5–13 years, who experience moderate to severe sleep problems. Participants are recruited from paediatrician clinics in Victoria, Australia, and via social media. Families interested in the study are screened for eligibility via phone, and then asked to complete a baseline survey online, assessing child sleep problems, and child and family functioning. Participants are then randomised to the intervention group or treatment as usual comparator group. Families in the intervention group attend two face-to-face sessions and a follow-up phone call with a trained clinician, where families are provided with individually tailored behavioural sleep strategies to help manage the child’s sleep problems. Teacher reports of sleep, behavioural and social functioning are collected, and cognitive ability assessed to provide measures blind to treatment group. The primary outcome is children’s sleep problems as measured by the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire at 3 months post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes include parent and child quality of life; child social, emotional, behavioural and cognitive functioning; and parenting stress and parent mental health. Cost-effectiveness of the intervention is also evaluated.Ethics and disseminationFindings from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences, local networks and online.Trial registration numberISRCTN14077107 (ISRCTN registry dated on 3 March 2017).
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Farrell, Ann. "Policies for Incarcerated Mothers and their Families in Australian Corrections." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 31, no. 2 (August 1998): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589803100201.
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The incarceration of a mother usually brings considerable dislocation to the offending woman's children and family. This paper examines current policies for the inmate mother, for her children and for the caregiver(s) of her children on the outside and argues for reform with respect to these policies. To this end, it reports on the Australian component of a comparative policy study, Incarcerated Mothers and Children: Impact of Prison Environments (IMCIPE), which investigated the impact of the prison environment on incarcerated mothers and their young children (including both mothers whose children live with them in custody and mothers who are separated from their children), in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and England. The paper draws on data from policy analyses; interviews with policy-makers, with inmate mothers, and with custodial and non-custodial staff; and observations within six women's prisons and their respective correctional authorities in the three Australian states. The study found that while inmate mothers need support from “significant others” within and outside the prison to cope with the dual roles of prisoner and mother, the custodial environment with its philosophy of incarceration, its mode of containment and the prison rules and regulations runs counter to such needs.
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Marques, Renato, and Billy Graeff. "Análise temática reflexiva: interpretações e experiências em educação, sociologia, educação física e esporte." MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 6, no. 2 (September 11, 2022): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463-2022-v6-n2-p115-130.
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Análise temática reflexiva: interpretações e experiências em educação, sociologia, educação física e esporte ResumoA Análise Temática (AT) tem recebido destaque como método de análise qualitativa em pesquisas sobre diversas áreas, como Educação, Sociologia, Educação Física e Esporte. A AT consiste em uma família de métodos ou abordagens com características semelhantes, mas com alguma elasticidade semântica e flexibilidade, com diferentes formas de análises. Os objetivos deste artigo foram: analisar e apresentar de forma didática o método Análise Temática Reflexiva (ATR), considerando as orientações de Virginia Braun e Victoria Clarke; compartilhar experiências de uso de tal método em estudos sobre Educação, Sociologia, Educação Física e Esporte, refletindo sobre dificuldades e êxitos vivenciados em tal processo. Considerando nossa leitura e interpretação dos trabalhos de Braun e Clarke, além de nossa experiência em pesquisa qualitativa com a utilização da ATR, procuramos criar uma forma didática, reflexiva e crítica de apresentar o método, assim como nossas experiências pessoais neste processo.Palavras-chave: Pesquisa Qualitativa. Análise Temática. Reflexividade. Codificação. Humanidades. Reflective thematic analysis: interpretations and experiences related to education, sociology, physical education and sport AbstractThematic Analysis (TA) has been highlighted as a qualitative analysis method in several research areas, as Education, Sociology, Physical Education and Sport. TA consists of a family of methods or approaches with similar characteristics, but with some semantic elasticity and flexibility, with different forms of analysis. The aims of this article were: to analyze and present in a didactic way the Reflective Thematic Analysis (RTA) method, considering the orientations from Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke; to share experiences of using this method in studies on Education, Sociology, Physical Education and Sport, reflecting on the difficulties and outcomes experienced during this process. Considering our reading and interpretation of Braun and Clarke’s works, in addition to our experience in qualitative research using RTA, we sought to create a didactic, reflective and critical way of presenting the method, as well as some of our personal experiences in this process.Keywords: Qualitative Research. Thematic Analysis. Reflexivity. Codification. Humanities. Análisis temática reflexiva: interpretaciones y experiencias en educación, sociología, educación física y deporte ResumenLa Análisis Temática (AT) ha sido destacada como método de análisis cualitativo en diferentes áreas, como Educación, Sociología, Educación Física y Deporte. La AT consiste en un grupo de métodos o enfoques con características similares, pero con cierta flexibilidad y elasticidad semántica, con diferentes formas de análisis. Los objetivos de este artigo fueron: analizar y presentar de manera didáctica el método de Análisis Temática Reflexiva (ATR), considerando las orientaciones de Virginia Braun y Victoria Clarke; compartir experiencias de uso de este método en estudios sobre Educación, Sociología, Educación Física y Deporte, reflexionando sobre las dificultades y éxitos experimentados en este proceso. Considerando nuestra lectura e interpretación de los trabajos de Braun y Clarke, además de nuestra experiencia en investigación cualitativa utilizando ATR, buscamos crear una forma didáctica, reflexiva y crítica de presentar el método, así como algunas de nuestras experiencias personales en este proceso.Palabras clave: Investigación Cualitativa. Análisis Temática. Reflexividad. Codificación. Humanidades.
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Davolos, Domenico, Biancamaria Pietrangeli, Anna Maria Persiani, and Oriana Maggi. "Victoriomyces antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a distinct evolutionary lineage of the Cephalothecaceae (Ascomycota) based on sequence-based phylogeny and morphology." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003275.
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In this study, we propose a new genus, Victoriomyces, with a new species, Victoriomyces antarcticus, isolated from soil samples collected in Victoria Land, Antarctica. To determine its taxonomic status and evolutionary relationships, phylogenetic analysis was performed on DNA sequences from the nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes. Victoriomyces antarcticus constitutes one well-supported distinct lineage within the Cephalothecaceae (family incertae sedis in Sordariomycetes), in which the only recognised asexual morphs belong to the genus Phialemonium and to Acremonium thermophilum. Victoriomyces antarcticus can be clearly distinguished from these taxa by means of DNA sequence analysis and its morphological traits that consist in having a Metarhizium-like asexual morph, dark red-coloured disk-like structures, immature bodies and the production of an intense red pigment in the growth media. Finally, we inferred the divergence time of V. antarcticus and the Cephalothecaceae using Bayesian analysis and secondary calibration. The holotype of V. antarcticus is FBL 165. The ex-type strain has been deposited as MUT 3686T and CCF 6158T. An additional strain of the species is FBL 577. The MycoBank number is MB 823713 for the genus and MB 823714 for the species.
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Carson, Valerie, Madison Boyd, Morgan Potter, Ryan Rhodes, Sam Liu, and Patti-Jean Naylor. "Protocol for the PLAYshop randomised controlled trial: examining efficacy of a virtually delivered parent-focused physical literacy intervention for early childhood on child-specific and family-specific outcomes." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e066962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066962.
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IntroductionThe PLAYshop programme is a novel, brief, theory-based, parent-focused physical literacy intervention in early childhood designed to address the major public health issue of childhood physical inactivity. The primary objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of the virtually delivered PLAYshop programme in increasing preschool-aged children’s physical literacy, including fundamental movement skills and motivation and enjoyment.Methods and analysisThis study aims to recruit 130 families with preschool-aged children (3–5 years) from Alberta and British Columbia, Canada who will be randomised to an intervention or control group. The PLAYshop programme is informed by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior (COM-B) model and includes four intervention strategies: (1) educational training via a 60 min virtual synchronous workshop, (2) educational resources via handouts, (3) material resources via a goody bag of basic active play equipment and (4) follow-up support via access to a digital app with an online toolkit and four biweekly booster lessons (1-week, 3-week, 5-week and 7-week follow-up). To assess the primary outcome of physical literacy, five fundamental movement skills (overhand throw, underhand throw, horizontal jump, hop, one leg balance) will be measured virtually at baseline and 2-month follow-up using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) tools. Additionally, children’s motivation and enjoyment will also be assessed at baseline and 2-month follow-up by: (1) parental-report using items from the Preschool Physical Literacy Assessment (PrePLAy) and (2) self-report using an adapted Five Degrees of Happiness Likert scale for children. The control group will receive the PLAYshop programme after the 2-month follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the University of Alberta (00093764) and University of Victoria (16-444) Research Ethics Boards. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, social and traditional media and a circulated infographic.Trial registration numberNCT05255250.
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Edwards, Martin. "Books: The Butchering Art: Joseph Lister’s Quest to Transform the Grisly World of Victorian Medicine." British Journal of General Practice 68, no. 669 (March 28, 2018): 192.1–192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x695585.
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Qi, Jiangjiao, Xue Yu, Xuzhe Wang, Fanfan Zhang, and Chunhui Ma. "Differentially expressed genes related to plant height and yield in two alfalfa cultivars based on RNA-seq." PeerJ 10 (October 10, 2022): e14096. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14096.
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Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a kind of forage with high relative feeding value in farming and livestock breeding, and is of great significance to the development of animal husbandry. The growth of the aboveground part of alfalfa is an important factor that limits crop yield. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms that maintain vigorous growth in alfalfa may contribute to the development of molecular breeding for this crop. Methods Here, we evaluated the growth phenotypes of five cultivars of alfalfa (WL 712, WL 525HQ, Victoria, Knight 2, and Aohan). Then RNA-seq was performed on the stems of WL 712, chosen as a fast growing cultivar, and Aohan, chosen as a slow growing cultivar. GO enrichment analysis was conducted on all differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Result Among the differentially expressed genes that were up-regulated in the fast growing cultivar, GO analysis revealed enrichment in the following seven categories: formation of water-conducting tissue in vascular plants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, formation of the primary or secondary cell wall, cell enlargement and plant growth, cell division and shoot initiation, stem growth and induced germination, and cell elongation. KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were annotated as being involved in plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. KEGG analysis also showed that up-regulated in the fast growing cultivar were members of the WRKY family of transcription factors related to plant growth and development, members of the NAC and MYB gene families related to the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose, and the development of secondary cell wall fibres, and finally, MYB family members that are involved in plant growth regulation. Our research results not only enrich the transcriptome database of alfalfa, but also provide valuable information for explaining the molecular mechanism of fast growth, and can provide reference for the production of alfalfa.
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Zhang, Hua, Bridget H.-H. Hsu-Hage, and Mark L. Wahlqvist. "Longitudinal changes in nutrient intakes in the Melbourne Chinese Cohort Study." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 3 (June 2002): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001259.
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AbstractObjective:To assess longitudinal changes in the consumption of nutrients and the impact of socio-economic factors on diet transition in the Melbourne Chinese Health Study (MCHS) cohort.Design:Longitudinal study including two phases: baseline (1989/90) and follow-up (1995/97).Settings:Melbourne metropolitan areas in Victoria, Australia.Study subjects and method:Two hundred and sixty-two Chinese men and women aged 25 years and over, recruited at baseline, who had completed the both baseline and follow-up food-frequency questionnaires.Results:Women increased their daily intakes of energy (+549 kJ), protein (+7.8 g), fat (+7.3 g) and dietary fibre (+5.6 g) whereas men decreased their daily consumption of carbohydrate (-38.5 g) over an average period of 8 years. Energy contributions from protein and fat rose while that from carbohydrate dropped for all cohort subjects. Increased intakes of riboflavin, β-carotene and iron were observed in men, while an increased consumption of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and minerals (except sodium) was observed in women. Socio-economic factors such as education, family income levels and occupational categories appeared to have a far more powerful influence on changes in individual daily nutrient intakes than age or length of stay in Australia. Changes in nutrient intake in women were less affected by sociodemographic variables.Conclusion:The observed changes in nutrient intakes indicated a progressive approach towards the Australian Recommended Dietary Intakes within this Chinese cohort population.
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A, Khanifar. "The Effect of Ezetimibe in the Treatment of Ebola." Virology & Immunology Journal 5, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000281.
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Background: In this article, we are looking for treatment for Ebola virus. We will do it using a cholesterol-lowering drug called Ezetimibe. Methods: Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers are severe, systemic viral diseases affecting humans and non-human primates. They are characterized by multiple symptoms such as hemorrhages, fever, headache, muscle and abdominal pain, chills, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Elevated liver-associated enzyme levels and coagulopathy are also associated with these diseases. Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers are caused by (Lake Victoria) Marburg virus and different species of Ebola viruses, respectively. They are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses and belong to the family of filoviridae. Case fatality rates of filovirus disease outbreaks are among the highest reported for any human pathogen, ranging from 25 to 90% or more. But when Ezetimibe is given to patients with the Ebola virus, we see that the drug blocks the transmission of the virus to the body by delivering the virus to the immune system. Results: In this article are paid to effect of drug Ezetimibe in the treatment of disease Ebola.NPC1L1 carry Ebola virus that by Ezetimibe, NPC1L1 disabled and cannot carry the virus with you. In fact, this drug (Ezetimibe) is a supplier of antigen to antibodies. We will also look at the function of the NPC1L1 and NPC1 receptors and the drug Ezetimibe. Conclusions: Ezetimibe has a higher affinity for NPC1L1 receptor than cholesterol, and cholesterol has a higher affinity for NPC1L1 receptor than Ebola virus. In fact, if we want to show the percentage of desire for NPC1L1 receptor, it is as follows: Ezetimibe> Cholesterol> Ebola virus
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Hegarty, Kelsey, Jodie Valpied, Angela Taft, Stephanie Janne Brown, Lisa Gold, Jane Gunn, and Lorna O'Doherty. "Two-year follow up of a cluster randomised controlled trial for women experiencing intimate partner violence: effect of screening and family doctor-delivered counselling on quality of life, mental and physical health and abuse exposure." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e034295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034295.
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ObjectivesThis was a 2-year follow-up study of a primary care-based counselling intervention (weave) for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). We aimed to assess whether differences in depression found at 12 months (lower depression for intervention than control participants) would be sustained at 24 months and differences in quality in life, general mental and physical health and IPV would emerge.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial. Researchers blinded to allocation. Unit of randomisation: family doctors.SettingFifty-two primary care clinics, Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsBaseline: 272 English-speaking, female patients (intervention n=137, doctors=35; control n=135, doctors=37), who screened positive for fear of partner in past 12 months. Twenty-four-month response rates: intervention 59% (81/137), control 63% (85/135).InterventionsIntervention doctors received training to deliver brief, woman-centred counselling. Intervention patients were invited to receive this counselling (uptake rate: 49%). Control doctors received standard IPV information; delivered usual care.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTwenty-four months primary outcomes: WHO Quality of Life-Bref dimensions, Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental health. Secondary outcomes: SF-12 physical health and caseness for depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress disorder (Check List-Civilian), IPV (Composite Abuse Scale), physical symptoms (≥6 in last month). Data collected through postal survey. Mixed-effects regressions adjusted for location (rural/urban) and clustering.ResultsNo differences detected between groups on quality of life (physical: 1.5, 95% CI −2.9 to 5.9; psychological: −0.2, 95% CI −4.8 to 4.4,; social: −1.4, 95% CI −8.2 to 5.4; environmental: −0.8, 95% CI −4.0 to 2.5), mental health status (−1.6, 95% CI −5.3 to 2.1) or secondary outcomes. Both groups improved on primary outcomes, IPV, anxiety.ConclusionsIntervention was no more effective than usual care in improving 2-year quality of life, mental and physical health and IPV, despite differences in depression at 12 months. Future refinement and testing of type, duration and intensity of primary care IPV interventions is needed.Trial registration numberACTRN12608000032358.
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S., Prabhu, and Nishant Patil. "Study correlating lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with the severity in COVID-19 patients: a cross sectional study." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20210264.
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Background: The objective of this study was to classify COVID-19 patients into severe and non-severe groups and to correlate lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with the severity of COVID-19 patients.Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study conducted on hundred patients admitted to Victoria hospital, Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore between June 2020 and August 2020. Complete clinical data of the patients were taken and examined thoroughly and cases were diagnosed and severity was classified as per interim guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) and diagnosis and treatment guidelines of COVID-19 by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. and compared and correlated with lymphocyte-monocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. A p<0.05 was considered significant. All analyses were performed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 10.Results: The sample size in our study was 100 patients. The mean age of patients was 57.5 in severe and 35 in non severe COVID patients. Among these 67% were males and 33% were females. It was noted that, neutrophilia (median-88.5%) and lymphocytopenia (median-6.5) was seen among severe group. Also, the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) was significantly low (p value-0.00*) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was high (p value-0.00*) and was statistically significant among severe COVID 19 patients.Conclusions: LMR, PLR were significantly different between severe and non severe patients, so assessment of LMR, PLR may help identify high risk COVID 19 patients at an early stage. In our study LMR showed an acceptable efficiency to separate COVID 19 patients among severe and non severe group with a sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 84.8%. Whereas PLR showed high specificity of 93.9% and sensitivity of 64.7%.
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Okronipa, Harriet, Elizabeth Bageant, Lia Mojica, Horace Owiti, Patrick Otuo, Julia Abuya, Pamela Olela, Jane Ochieng, Christopher Aura Aura, and Katie Fiorella. "Household Food Insecurity and Dietary Diversity Among Kenyan Households During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab029_042.
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Abstract Objectives This study compares 1) household food insecurity and 2) household dietary diversity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 3) examines self-reported coping strategies among three communities around Lake Victoria, Kenya. Methods We conducted in-person home interviews with 90 randomly selected households in March 2020 prior to the first reported case of COVID-19 in Kenya and followed up with 88 of these same households by phone in June 2020 during COVID-19. We assessed household food insecurity status using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and assessed dietary diversity using the Household Dietary Diversity Score. We compared differences in household food insecurity scores and prevalence across time using the paired T-test and McNemar's test, respectively. We compared household dietary diversity scores and the proportion of households consuming each food group across time using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar's test for paired samples, respectively. Results The prevalence of severe food insecurity increased from 82% before COVID-19 to 91% during COVID-19 (P = 0.03) and household dietary diversity scores fell from 9.5 ± 1.5 to 8.6 ± 1.5 (P < 0.001). Households coped by reducing their food intake at mealtimes, borrowing money from family and friends, and purchasing food on credit. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a high and growing level of vulnerability faced by these communities. Strategies to address food insecurity and access to diverse foods during the COVID-19 pandemic are urgently needed. Funding Sources Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability
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Rothman, Sheila M. "Death in the Victorian Family." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 72, no. 3 (1998): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.1998.0131.
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Zorbas, Christina, Amanda Lee, Anna Peeters, Meron Lewis, Timothy Landrigan, and Kathryn Backholer. "Streamlined data-gathering techniques to estimate the price and affordability of healthy and unhealthy diets under different pricing scenarios." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020001718.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the reliability of streamlined data-gathering techniques for examining the price and affordability of a healthy (recommended) and unhealthy (current) diet. We additionally estimated the price and affordability of diets across socio-economic areas and quantified the influence of different pricing scenarios.Design:Following the Healthy Diets Australian Standardised Affordability and Pricing (ASAP) protocol, we compared a cross-sectional sample of food and beverage pricing data collected using online data and phone calls (lower-resource streamlined techniques) with data collected in-store from the same retailers.Setting:Food and beverage prices were collected from major supermarkets, fast food and alcohol retailers in eight conveniently sampled areas in Victoria, Australia (n 72 stores), stratified by area-level deprivation and remoteness.Participants:This study did not involve human participants.Results:The biweekly price of a healthy diet was on average 21 % cheaper ($596) than an unhealthy diet ($721) for a four-person family using the streamlined techniques, which was comparable with estimates using in-store data (healthy: $594, unhealthy: $731). The diet price differential did not vary considerably across geographical areas (range: 18–23 %). Both diets were estimated to be unaffordable for families living on indicative low disposable household incomes and below the poverty line. The inclusion of generic brands notably reduced the prices of healthy and unhealthy diets (≥20 %), rendering both affordable against indicative low disposable household incomes. Inclusion of discounted prices marginally reduced diet prices (3 %).Conclusions:Streamlined data-gathering techniques are a reliable method for regular, flexible and widespread monitoring of the price and affordability of population diets in areas where supermarkets have an online presence.
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Keon-Cohen, Zoe M., David A. Story, Juli A. Moran, and Daryl A. Jones. "An audit of perioperative end-of-life care practices and documentation relating to patients who died in a surgical unit in three Victorian hospitals." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 50, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x211032652.
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The number of older, frail patients undergoing surgery is increasing, prompting consideration of the benefits of intensive treatment. Despite collaborative decision-making processes such as advance care planning being supported by recent Australian legislation, their role in perioperative care is yet to be defined. Furthermore, there has been little evaluation of the quality of end-of-life care in the surgical population. We investigated documentation of the premorbid functional status, severity of illness, intensity of treatment, operative management and quality of end-of-life care in patients who died in a surgical unit, with a retrospective study of surgical mortality which was performed across three hospitals over a 23-month period in Victoria, Australia. Among 99 deceased patients in the study cohort, 68 had a surgical operation. Preoperative functional risk assessment by medical staff was infrequently documented in the medical notes (5%) compared with activities of daily living (69%) documented by nursing staff. Documented preoperative discussions regarding the risk of death were rarely and inconsistently done, but when done were extensive. Documented end-of-life care discussions were identified in 71%, but were frequently brief, inconsistent, and in 60% did not occur until 48 hours from death. In 35.4% of instances, documented discussions involved junior staff (registrars or residents), and 43.4% involved intensive care unit staff. Palliative or terminal care referrals also occurred late (1–2 days prior to death). Not-for-resuscitation orders were frequently changed when approaching the end of life. Overall, 57% of deceased patients had a documented opportunity for farewell with family. We conclude that discussions and documentation of end-of-life care practices could be improved and recommend that all surgical units undertake similar audits to ensure that end-of-life care discussions occur for high-risk and palliative care surgical patients and are documented appropriately.
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Bedikian, Sonia A. "The Death of Mourning: From Victorian Crepe to the Little Black Dress." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 57, no. 1 (August 2008): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.57.1.c.
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Mourning is a natural response to loss. In the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century, in England and France, the bereaved was expected to follow a complex set of rules, particularly among the upper classes, with women more bound to adhere to these customs than men. Such customs involved wearing heavy, concealing, black costume and the use of black crepe veils. Special black caps and bonnets were worn with these ensembles. Widows were expected to wear these clothes up to four years after their loss to show their grief. Jewelry often made of dark black jet or the hair of the deceased was used. To remove the costume earlier was thought disrespectful to the deceased. Formal mourning culminated during the reign of Queen Victoria. Her prolonged grief over the death of her husband, Prince Albert, had much to do with the practice. During the succeeding Edwardian rule, the fashions began to be more functional and less restrictive, but the dress protocol for men and women, including that for the period of mourning, was still rigidly adhered to. When World War I began, many women joined the workforce. Most widows attempted to maintain the traditional conventions of mourning, but with an increase in the number of casualties, it became impractical for them to interrupt their work in order to observe the seclusion called for by formal mourning etiquette. Never had the code of mourning been less strictly applied than during this period. The mourning outfits of the time were modest and made of practical materials. Little jewelry and few other accessories were used. Certain aspects of traditional mourning were still followed, such as the use of jet beading, crepe trim, and widows' caps. However, the hemlines fell above the ankle, the veil was used to frame the face instead of cover it, and the v-neckline left the chest and neck bare. During the following decades, gradually the rules were relaxed further and it became acceptable for both sexes to dress in dark colors for up to a year after a death in the family.
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Khano, Sonia, Lena Sanci, Susan Woolfenden, Yvonne Zurynski, Kim Dalziel, Siaw-Teng Liaw, Douglas Boyle, et al. "Strengthening Care for Children (SC4C): protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial of an integrated general practitioner-paediatrician model of primary care." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e063449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063449.
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IntroductionAustralia’s current healthcare system for children is neither sustainable nor equitable. As children (0–4 years) comprise the largest proportion of all primary care-type emergency department presentations, general practitioners (GPs) report feeling undervalued as an integral member of a child’s care, and lacking in opportunities for support and training in paediatric conditions. This Strengthening Care for Children (SC4C) randomised trial aims to evaluate a novel, integrated GP-paediatrician model of care, that, if effective, will improve GP quality of care, reduce burden to hospital services and ensure children receive the right care, at the right time, closer to home.Methods and analysisSC4C is a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 22 general practice clinics in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. General practice clinics will provide control period data before being exposed to the 12-month intervention which will be rolled out sequentially each month (one clinic per state) until all 22 clinics receive the intervention. The intervention comprises weekly GP-paediatrician co-consultation sessions; monthly case discussions; and phone and email paediatrician support, focusing on common paediatric conditions. The primary outcome of the trial is to assess the impact of the intervention as measured by the proportion of children’s (0–<18 years) GP appointments that result in a hospital referral, compared with the control period. Secondary outcomes include GP quality of care; GP experience and confidence in providing paediatric care; family trust in and preference for GP care; and the sustainability of the intervention. An implementation evaluation will assess the model to inform acceptability, adaptability, scalability and sustainability, while a health economic evaluation will measure the cost-effectiveness of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationHuman research ethics committee (HREC) approval was granted by The Royal Children’s Hospital Ethics Committee in August 2020 (Project ID: 65955) and site-specific HRECs. The investigators (including Primary Health Network partners) will communicate trial results to stakeholders and participating GPs and general practice clinics via presentations and publications.Trial registration numberAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12620001299998.
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Paton, Kate, Lynn Gillam, Hayley Warren, Melissa Mulraney, David Coghill, Daryl Efron, Michael Sawyer, and Harriet Hiscock. "Clinicians’ perceptions of the Australian Paediatric Mental Health Service System: Problems and solutions." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 55, no. 5 (January 18, 2021): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420984242.
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Objectives: Despite substantial investment by governments, the prevalence of mental health disorders in developed countries remains unchanged over the past 20 years. As 50% of mental health conditions present before 14 years of age, access to high-quality mental health care for children is crucial. Barriers to access identified by parents include high costs and long wait times, difficulty navigating the health system, and a lack of recognition of the existence and/or severity of the child’s mental health disorder. Often neglected, but equally important, are clinician views about the barriers to and enablers of access to high-quality mental health care. We aimed to determine perspectives of Australian clinicians including child and adolescent psychiatrists, paediatricians, psychologists and general practitioners, on barriers and enablers within the current system and components of an optimal system. Methods: A total of 143 clinicians (approximately 35 each of child and adolescent psychiatrists, paediatricians, child psychologists and general practitioners) from Victoria and South Australia participated in semi-structured phone interviews between March 2018 and February 2019. Inductive content analysis was applied to address the broad study aims. Findings: Clinician-identified barriers included multi-dimensional family factors, service fragmentation, long wait times and inadequate training for paediatricians and general practitioners. Rural and regional locations provided additional challenges but a greater sense of collaboration resulting from the proximity of clinicians in rural areas, creating an opportunity to develop support networks. Suggestions for an optimal system included novel ways to improve access to child psychiatry expertise, training for paediatricians and general practitioners, and co-located multidisciplinary services. Conclusion: Within the current mental health system for children, structural, training and workforce barriers prevent optimal access to care. Clinicians identified many practical and systemic ideas to improve the system. Implementation and evaluation of effectiveness and cost effectiveness of these ideas is the next challenge for Australia’s children’s mental health.
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Draper, Melvyn Lloyd. "‘Not for us the Weekly dose of Sulphur and Brimstone!’ Women, Family and Homoeopathic Medicine in Early Twentieth-century Britain." Social History of Medicine 32, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky018.
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Summary During the first three decades of the twentieth century Victorian notions of differentiated gender roles continued to inhibit British women intending on a medical career. For some aspiring women doctors, however, homoeopathic medicine offered way into into the profession, a route that allowed them to sidestep the constraints imposed by masculine medical culture. The appeal of homoeopathy for these women doctors lay partly in its ‘soft healing’ approach and also in its sectarian nature. Extensive intra- and inter-generational affiliative networks provided homoeopathic group cohesion, while its gentle therapeutics contrasted with the powerful pharmaceutical basis of orthodox scientific medicine. For these reasons women homoeopathic doctors embraced the gendered role of woman as caregiver and, turning this to their advantage, were able to forge successful careers in modern British medicine.
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Bunkers, Suzanne L. "Victorian America: A Family Record from the Heartland (review)." NWSA Journal 16, no. 3 (2004): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nwsa.2004.0069.
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Wilson, K. J., S. Prashadkumar, M. A. Cooney, A. J. French, D. A. Jans, P. J. Verma, M. K. Holland, and N. T. D'Cruz. "157 DYNAMIC CHANGES IN LOCALIZATION OF HP1α DURING BOVINE EMBRYOGENESIS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab157.
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The Cbx gene family, consisting of Polycomb and Heterochromatin Protein 1 genes, is involved in transcriptional repression, cell cycle regulation, and chromatin remodeling. In Drosophila embryos, the single family member HP1 localizes to the nuclei from the blastoderm stage, nuclear division cycle 10, suggesting that heterochromatin formation occurs around the time of embryonic transcriptional activation (James et al. 1989 Eur. J. Cell Biol. 50, 170–180). In mice, HP1� is absent in the first cell cycle in both parental nuclei following fertilization (van der Heijden et al. 2005 Mech. Dev. 122, 1008–1022). We report the first study of gene expression, mRNA and protein localization, of the Cbx gene HP1� in in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Expression of the HP1� gene was assessed non-quantitatively in amplified cDNA from 3 individual oocytes or embryos for each stage. HP1� (Cbx5) transcripts were detected in all samples except one oocyte, three 4-cell embryos, and one Day 7 blastocyst. The lack of transcripts at the 4-cell stage may reflect an early degradation of maternal transcripts, or indicate that transcript levels were too low to be detected with this assay. Immuno-localization of HP1� was then performed by using an anti-HP1� monoclonal antibody (Upstate, Auspep Pty., Ltd., Parkville, Victoria, Australia), revealing HP1� to be localized evenly in the cytoplasm of oocytes, and then progressing to both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining at the 2-cell stage. This was followed by nuclear staining from the 4-cell stage onward. Higher power investigation of the subnuclear localization of HP1� showed a diffuse type staining pattern within the nuclei of 2- and 4-cell embryos, followed by punctate staining within the euchromatin in the 8-cell embryos, and within the heterochromatin by the 16-cell stage. At the blastocyst stage, staining appeared more diffuse, but localized to the heterochromatin. This suggests that HP1� is localized to the euchromatin early, followed by subsequent localization to the heterochromatin following the MET. HP1� localization to the euchromatin was recently described (Grigoryev et al. 2004 J. Cell Sci. 117, 6153–6162) during a differentiation event in murine lymphocytes. It is evenly distributed throughout the nucleus in quiescent lymphocytes, but localizes to the vicinity of centromeric chromatin during lymphocyte reactivation. HP1-TIF1α interaction was also recently shown to be required during a short period of time within primitive endoderm-like cells for terminal differentiation (Cammas et al. 2004 Genes Dev. 18, 2147–2160). The results thus indicate that HP1� behaves similarly in embryonic differentiation and lymphocyte reactivation, implying a common mechanism of chromatin remodeling in the 2 cellular systems. Collectively, the results suggest that dynamic changes of the nuclear–cytoplasmic and subnuclear distribution of HP1� may play a key role in the bovine MET.
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Arseneau, Mary, and Emery Terrell. "“Our Self-Undoing”: Christina Rossetti’s Literary and Somatic Expressions of Graves’ Disease." Humanities 8, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8010057.
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Victorian poet Christina Rossetti (1830–1894) was frequently troubled by poor health, and her mid-life episode of life-threatening illness (1870–1872) when she suffered from Graves’ disease provides an illuminating case study of the ways that illness can be reflected in poetry and prose. Rossetti, her family, and her doctors understood Graves’ disease as a heart condition; however, Rossetti’s writing reflects a different paradigm, presenting themes of self-attack and a divided self that uncannily parallel the modern understanding of Graves’ disease as autoimmune in nature. Interestingly, these creative representations reflect an understanding of this disease process that Rossetti family documents and the history of Victorian medicine demonstrate Rossetti could not have been aware of. When the crisis had passed, Rossetti’s writing began to include new rhetoric and imagery of self-acceptance and of suffering as a means of spiritual improvement. This essay explores the parallels between literary and somatic metaphors: Rossetti’s body and art are often simultaneously “saying” the same thing, the physical symptoms expressing somatically the same dynamic that is expressed in metaphor and narrative in Rossetti’s creative writing. Such a well-documented case history raises questions about how writing may be shaped by paradigms of illness that are not accessible to the conscious mind.
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ADAIR, RICHARD, JOSEPH MELLING, and BILL FORSYTHE. "Migration, family structure and pauper lunacy in Victorian England: admissions to the Devon County Pauper Lunatic Asylum, 1845–1900." Continuity and Change 12, no. 3 (December 1997): 373–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416097002981.
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The lunatic asylum remains one of the most remarkable institutional monuments of the modern world, dominating the social landscape of Victorian Britain and exercising a powerful attraction for social historians of medicine, an attraction almost as great as the spectre of the madhouse for contemporary novelists. Our image of the Victorian asylum is still pervaded to a surprising degree by the gloomy spectacle of the total institution presented by Michel Foucault, though it has been modified by a whole range of institutional and philosophical accounts undertaken in the past three decades. Pioneering studies by researchers such as Andrew Scull have illuminated not only the power exercised by the new asylum superintendents, armed with medical discourses of moral treatment and the early promise of curability, but also the continuing dominance of the ‘mad doctors’ in the sombre years of neo-Darwinian pessimism and eugenics doctrines. More recent contributions to the now enormous literature on the social history of insanity have shifted the focus of attention from earlier concerns with charting the rise of the asylum and the elaboration of medical discourses under the psychiatric gaze of physicians to a detailed reconstruction of the social environment of the asylum and especially to the interplay between familial circumstances and the way institutions responded to the insane. Such concerns were also clearly evident in important earlier studies by Walton, Scull, Digby and others, which drew on fundamental work by Anderson on the changing role of the family during industrialization. These scholars drew attention to the importance of family and kinship relations in the negotiation of a lunatic's passage to the Victorian asylum, as well as the role of wider forces of economic change, population growth and migration in shaping the environment in which decisions about the care of the mad were made.
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Kingston, H. M. "Queen Victoria's Gene: Haemophilia and the Royal Family." BMJ 311, no. 7012 (October 21, 1995): 1106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7012.1106a.
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Lewis, Michael D. "The Challenge of Female Homoeroticism in Our Mutual Friend." Dickens Studies Annual 48, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/dickstudannu.48.2017.0207.
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Abstract Queer studies of the Victorian period have debated female homoeroticism's relationship to heterosexuality. Critics debate whether female dyads contest or support courtship and marriage. For Martha Vicinus, the Victorians saw women's friendships as an “unnamable threat to social norms,” while Sharon Marcus contends that they celebrated such relations and that same-sex “relationships worked in tandem with heterosexual exchange.” In Our Mutual Friend, Dickens belongs to both camps, showing women's connections as pervasive and disruptive. He celebrates women's erotic friendships precisely because they threaten heterosexual exchange: Abbey Potterson and Jenny Wren seek to protect Lizzie Hexam from her family and suitors; Sophronia Lammle gives Georgiana Podsnap a space away from her father to articulate her own feelings. These relationships that shelter women from heterosexual predation disappear in the novel's second volume. I argue, however, that we shouldn't read this disappearance as the unqualified triumph of normative relations. Mutual attraction continues to flicker—between Jenny and Abbey, Lizzie and Bella Wilfer—and the novel's heroines only accept marriage proposals once suitors cast off predatory designs and demonstrate an affection that resembles that of the female friends who have sustained them throughout the novel.