Journal articles on the topic 'Family medicine Australia Evaluation'
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Rai, Sumeet, Rhonda Brown, Frank van Haren, Teresa Neeman, Arvind Rajamani, Krishnaswamy Sundararajan, and Imogen Mitchell. "Long-term follow-up for Psychological stRess in Intensive CarE (PRICE) survivors: study protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study in Australian intensive care units." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023310.
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IntroductionThere are little published data on the long-term psychological outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and their family members in Australian ICUs. In addition, there is scant literature evaluating the effects of psychological morbidity in intensive care survivors on their family members. The aims of this study are to describe and compare the long-term psychological outcomes of intubated and non-intubated ICU survivors and their family members in an Australian ICU setting.Methods and analysisThis will be a prospective observational cohort study across four ICUs in Australia. The study aims to recruit 150 (75 intubated and 75 non-intubated) adult ICU survivors and 150 family members of the survivors from 2015 to 2018. Long-term psychological outcomes and effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) will be evaluated at 3 and 12 months follow-up using validated and published screening tools. The primary objective is to compare the prevalence of affective symptoms in intubated and non-intubated survivors of intensive care and their families and its effects on HRQoL. The secondary objective is to explore dyadic relations of psychological outcomes in patients and their family members.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the relevant human research ethics committees (HREC) of Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Health (ETH.11.14.315), New South Wales (HREC/16/HNE/64), South Australia (HREC/15/RAH/346). The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal and presented to the local intensive care community and other stakeholders.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000880549; Pre-results.
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Preston, Neil J., Neil J. Preston, Maree L. Stirling, Kanthi Perera, Richard J. Bell, Tracey J. Harrison, Lisa Whitworth, and David J. Castle. "A Statewide Evaluation System for Early Psychosis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 4 (August 2003): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01195.x.
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Objective: We describe a system of outcome evaluation for early psychosis programmes and present preliminary data. The Early Psychosis Outcome Evaluation System (EPOES) was designed for use in a naturalistic, prospective study of a cohort of early-episode psychosis patients. We describe patients in terms of symptoms, substance use, social functioning and family burden, and examine the effectiveness of treatment programmes. Method: Four sites in Perth, Western Australia, participated. Outcome was evaluated from three sources: case manager (CM), patient (P) and family member (FM). Seven clinical outcome measures were used: the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (CM), Brief Symptom Inventory (P), Substance Use (CM); Social Functioning Scale (P); Global Assessment Scale (CM); Burden Assessment Scale (FM), and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (FM). Measures were collected at intake (baseline) into a specialist early psychosis service and thereafter every 6 months until discharge from the service. Results: After the first year of data capture, 84 baseline assessments have been completed, and 23 patients have been followed up at 6 months. Clinicians and patients reported significantly less psychopathology at 6 months. Sixty per cent of patients reported marijuana use within 3 months of baseline assessment, and 30% amphetamine, ecstasy or cocaine use. Increased levels of psychopathology were recorded for substance-using patients. Family members (59%) reported psychological distress at baseline; this was reduced at 6 months. Patient social functioning and family burden did not improve measurably. Conclusions: The EPOES is an effective system that provides feedback on the clinical status of early-episode psychosis patients. Both observed and self-rated psychopathology and family psychological distress, is improved after 6 months of intervention. Family burden and patient social functioning did not demonstrate improvement. Patient social functioning is an important area for treatment. Substance use is associated with poorer psychopathology. EPOES provides a feasible system of measuring outcome in early psychosis intervention.
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Gavidia-Payne, Susana, Lyn Littlefield, Mats Hallgren, Peter Jenkins, and Neil Coventry. "Outcome Evaluation of a Statewide Child Inpatient Mental Health Unit." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 2 (April 2003): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01124.x.
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Objective: To assess the impact of inpatient intervention, provided by a child mental health unit in Victoria, Australia, on a number of key child and family variables. Method: Pre-post test design with a four-month follow up was applied to assess changes across time. Twenty-nine parents, 42 teachers, and 37 referrers provided reports on a series of child, parent, and family functioning measures. Results: Significant improvements in child behaviour and functioning, parenting competency and efficacy, parenting practices, and reduced parental depression were observed over time. Changes in family functioning scores were not significant; however, univariate analysis indicated improvements in two individual subscales. Conclusions: There is a lack of studies of the outcome of inpatient interventions of children in psychiatric settings. However, as shown in the present study, improvements in functioning can be detected and obtained with short-term interventions that focus on both children and families. Methodological shortcomings (i.e. absence of comparison groups) and lack of specificity in intervention variables, however, are difficulties yet to be overcome in evaluation research of inpatient treatment.
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Schofield, Deborah, Michelle M. Cunich, and Lucio Naccarella. "An evaluation of the quality of evidence underpinning diabetes management models: a review of the literature." Australian Health Review 38, no. 5 (2014): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14018.
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Objective There is a paucity of research on the quality of evidence relating to primary care workforce models. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of evidence on diabetes primary care workforce models in Australia. Methods The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia’s (National Health and Medical Reseach Council; 2000, 2001) frameworks for evaluating scientific evidence and economic evaluations were used to assess the quality of studies involving primary care workforce models for diabetes care involving Australian adults. A search of medical databases (MEDLINE, AMED, RURAL, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet and The Cochrane Institute), journals for diabetes care (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Diabetes Care, Diabetic Medicine, Population Health Management, Rural and Remote Health, Australian Journal of Primary Health, PLoS Medicine, Medical Journal of Australia, BMC Health Services Research, BMC Public Health, BMC Family Practice) and Commonwealth and state government health websites was undertaken to acquire Australian studies of diabetes workforce models published 2005–13. Various diabetes workforce models were examined, including ‘one-stop shops’, pharmacy care, Aboriginal services and telephone-delivered interventions. The quality of evidence was evaluated against several criteria, including relevance and replication, strength of evidence, effect size, transferability and representativeness, and value for money. Results Of the14 studies found, four were randomised controlled trials and one was a systematic review (i.e. Level II and I (best) evidence). Only three provided a replicable protocol or detailed intervention delivery. Eleven lacked a theoretical framework. Twelve reported significant improvements in clinical (patient) outcomes, commonly HbA1c, cholesterol and blood pressure; only four reported changes in short- and long-term outcomes (e.g. quality of life). Most studies used a small or targeted population. Only two studies assessed both benefits and costs of their intervention compared with usual care and cost effectiveness. Conclusions More rigorous studies of diabetes workforce models are needed to determine whether these interventions improve patient outcomes and, if they do, represent value for money. What is known about the topic? Although health systems with strong primary care orientations have been associated with enhanced access, equity and population health, the primary care workforce is facing several challenges. These include a mal-distribution of resources (supply side) and health outcomes (demand side), inconsistent support for teamwork care models, and a lack of enhanced clinical inter-professional education and/or training opportunities. These challenges are exacerbated by an ageing health workforce and general population, as well as a population that has increased prevalence of chronic conditions and multi-morbidity. Although several policy directions have been advocated to address these challenges, there is a lack of high-quality evidence about which primary care workforce models are best (and which models represent better value for money than current practice) and what the health effects are for patients. What does this paper add? This study demonstrated several strengths and weaknesses of Australian diabetes models of care studies. In particular, only five of the 14 studies assessed were designed in a way that enabled them to achieve a Level II or I rating (and hence the ‘best’ level of evidence), based on the NHMRC’s (2000, 2001) frameworks for assessing scientific evidence. The majority of studies risked the introduction of bias and thus may have incorrect conclusions. Only a few studies described clearly what the intervention and the comparator were and thus could be easily replicated. Only two studies included cost-effectiveness studies of their interventions compared with usual care. What are the implications for practitioners? Although there has been an increase in the number of primary care workforce models implemented in Australia, there is a need for more rigorous research to assess whether these interventions are effective in producing improved health outcomes and represent better value for money than current practice. Researchers and policymakers need to make decisions based on high-quality evidence; it is not obvious what effect the evidence is having on primary care workforce reform.
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Lambert, Gordon, and Kevin Gournay. "Training for the Mental Health Workforce: A Review of Developments in the United Kingdom." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 5 (October 1999): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00615.x.
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Objective: Implementation of the National Mental Health Strategy has important implications for education and training of the Australian mental health workforce. This paper discusses relevant developments in the United Kingdom that may provide some lessons for Australia. Method: A review was undertaken of a number of specific clinical education and training programs for mental health workers in the United Kingdom which have been subjected to published evaluation. Results and conclusions: A finite mental health resource base dictates that education and training activity should: (i) be evaluated; (ii) target those clients most in need; (iii) include evidence-based approaches such as assertive community treatment, medication management, cognitive—behaviour therapy and family interventions; and (iv) prepare mental health workers in the core competencies needed to implement these approaches. Two programs, developed in the United Kingdom, which meet these criteria are presented as examples of best practice: the nurse therapy model established by Isaac Marks; and the Thorn initiative established in association with the Institute of Psychiatry, London and the University of Manchester.
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Aoun, Samar M., Roswitha Stegmann, Susan Slatyer, Keith D. Hill, Richard Parsons, Rachael Moorin, Mary Bronson, Debbie Walsh, and Christine Toye. "Hospital postdischarge intervention trialled with family caregivers of older people in Western Australia: potential translation into practice." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e022747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022747.
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There is lack of a suitable assessment tool that can be used routinely and systematically by hospital staff to address family caregivers’ (FCs’) support needs. This paper describes a novel approach to identifying and addressing FCs’ needs following hospital discharge of the older person receiving care.Setting and participantsFC recruitment occurred on the patient’s discharge from a tertiary hospital in Western Australia; 64 completed the study; 80% were female; mean age 63.2 years.InterventionThe Further Enabling Care at Home (FECH) programme was delivered over the telephone by a specially trained nurse and included: support to facilitate understanding of the patient’s discharge letter; caregiver support needs assessment and prioritisation of urgent needs; and collaborative guidance, from the nurse, regarding accessing supports.ResultsSixty-four FCs completed the FECH programme. The top three support needs identified by the FCs were: knowing what to expect in the future (52%), knowing who to contact if they were concerned (52%) and practical help in the home (36%). The telephone-based outreach service worked well and was convenient for the nurse and the FCs, and saved on transport, time and money. Most of the FCs appreciated the systematic approach to identify and articulate their needs and were satisfied with the support they received, mainly navigation through the systems, problem solving, self-care strategies, explanation of illness, symptoms and medication and access to after-hours services.ConclusionsIn order to guide services which may consider adopting this systematic approach to supporting FCs and integrating it into their routine practice, this evaluation of the FECH programme has described the processes implemented and highlighted the factors that hindered or facilitated these processes to engage caregivers with appropriate services in a timely manner. Positive feedback indicated that the programme was a useful addition to hospital discharge planning.Trial registration numberACTRN12614001174673; Results.
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Glazebrook, Roz, Dan Manahan, and Alan B. Chater. "Evaluation of an ultrasound program (intermediate obstetric and emergency medicine) for Australian rural and remote doctors." Australian Journal of Rural Health 13, no. 5 (October 2005): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2005.00720.x.
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Brown, Janie, Helen Myers, Derek Eng, Lucy Kilshaw, Jillian Abraham, Grace Buchanan, Liz Eggimann, and Michelle Kelly. "Evaluation of the ‘Talking Together’ simulation communication training for ‘goals of patient care’ conversations: a mixed-methods study in five metropolitan public hospitals in Western Australia." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e060226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060226.
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IntroductionIn partnership with Cancer Council Western Australia (WA), the East Metropolitan Health Service in Perth, WA has developed a clinical simulation training programme ‘Talking Together’ using role play scenarios with trained actors as patients/carers. The aim of the training is to improve clinicians’ communication skills when having challenging conversations with patients, or their carers, in relation to goals of care in the event of clinical deterioration.Methods and analysisA multisite, longitudinal mixed-methods study will be conducted to evaluate the impact of the communication skills training programme on patient, family/carer and clinician outcomes. Methods include online surveys and interviews. The study will assess outcomes in three areas: evaluation of the ‘Talking Together’ workshops and their effect on satisfaction, confidence and integration of best practice communication skills; quality of goals of patient care conversations from the point of view of clinicians, carers and family/carers; and investigation of the nursing/allied role in goals of patient care.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the Royal Perth Hospital, St John of God and Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committees. The outputs from this project will be a series of research papers and conference presentations.
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Okurame, Josephine Chidinma, Lisa Cannon, Emily Carter, Sue Thomas, Elizabeth J. Elliott, and Lauren J. Rice. "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder resources for health professionals: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e065327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065327.
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IntroductionPeople with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) encounter a range of health and allied health providers and require specialised support to ensure health services are provided safely and effectively. Not all health professionals possess the knowledge or expertise required for the identification, assessment, referral and management of FASD. Accessible resources for understanding and managing FASD can help create awareness in health professionals and ensure patients receive the correct diagnosis and timely access to the necessary supports and services. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and analyse FASD resources for health professionals.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search of eight databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and Trip Medical Database) and nine grey literature databases (FASD Hub, NOFASD Australia, National Organisation for FASD, FASD United, HealthInfoNet, Proof Alliance, Child Family Community Australia, Foundation for Alcohol Research & Education and the Australian Department of Health websites) will be conducted using three search engines including PubMed, Ovid and Google advanced search (search dates: October 2021 to May 2022). Consultations will also be carried out with international and national experts in the diagnosis/management of FASD to obtain any additional relevant published or unpublished resources. Inclusion criteria were developed to guide the selection of resources that are publicly available, primarily focused on FASD and curated for health professionals for the identification, management or referral of FASD. Critical appraisal process will be executed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool to assess the quality of selected resources.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for the scoping review. Scoping review results will be presented at relevant national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Search results will be made available to ensure reproducibility and transparency.
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Hawthorne, Graeme, Frida Cheok, Robert Goldney, and Laura Fisher. "The Excess Cost of Depression in South Australia: A Population-Based Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 3 (June 2003): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01189.x.
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Objective: To establish excess costs associated with depression in South Australia, based on the prevalence of depression (from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD)) and associated excess burden of depression (BoD) costs. Method: Using data from the 1988 South Australian (SA) Health Omnibus Survey, a properly weighted cross-sectional survey of SA adults, we calculated excess costs using two methods. First, we estimated the excess cost based on health service provision and loss of productivity. Second, we estimated it from loss of utility. Results: We found symptoms of major depression in 7% of the SA population, and 11% for other depression. Those with major depression reported worse health status, took more time off work, reported more work performance limitations, made greater use of health services and reported poorer health-related quality-of-life. Using the service provision perspective excess BoD costs were AUD$1921 million per annum. Importantly, this excluded non-health service and other social costs (e.g. family breakdown, legal costs). With the utility approach, using the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) instrument and a very modest life-value (AUD$50 000), the estimate was AUD$2800 million. This reflects a societal perspective of the value of illness, hence there is no particular reason the two different methods should agree as they provide different kinds of information. Both methods suggest estimating the excess BoD from the direct service provision perspective is too restrictive, and that indirect and societal costs ought be taken into account. Conclusions: Despite the high ranking of depression as a major health problem, it is often unrecognized and undertreated. The findings mandate action to explore ways of reducing the BoD borne by individuals, those affected by their illness, the health system and society generally. Given the limited information on the cost-effectiveness of different treatments, it would seem important that resources be allocated to evaluating alternative depression treatments.
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Meirte, Jill, and Zephanie Tyack. "Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Burn Scar Rehabilitation: A Guide to Implementation and Evaluation." European Burn Journal 3, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 290–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ebj3020025.
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In burn scar rehabilitation, electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) are increasingly being used in research and clinical settings as part of patient- and family-centred care. These measures can identify patients’ needs and monitor the therapeutic progress of both adults and children. The feedback of information from ePROMs to clinicians treating patients with scarring and psychosocial issues may have therapeutic benefits. However, testing the effectiveness of ePROMs used in the routine clinical care of patients with burn scarring is in its infancy, and one of the greatest challenges remains the implementation of ePROMs in real-world clinical settings. The aim of this paper is to provide a guide for clinicians and researchers involved in burn scar rehabilitation to assist in implementing ePROMs in clinical settings. The guide outlines strategies, processes, and considerations for ePROM implementation and the accompanying resources. Two real-world case studies of ePROM implementation are presented in burn scar clinics in Belgium and Australia. Additionally, ten recommendations for the implementation of ePROMs are provided based on research evidence and the lessons learned by the authors. The information provided should pave the way forward for using and testing these ePROMs in research and practice.
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Gaurav Singh and Krishanu Samanta. "Preliminary physico – phytochemical and phytocognostical evaluation of the leaves parts and evaluation of herbal ointment using leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. Leaf extract." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.2.0448.
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Herbal plants are huge sources of neutraceuticals, prevent the different disease or maintain healthy life. Plant produces primary metabolites for their basic survival and secondary metabolites for their ecological, taxonomical and biochemical differentiation and diversity. Achyranthes aspera L. (Family Amaranthaceae) are broadly used in traditional system of medicine throughout different part of India, South Andaman Island, Pacific Island, Baluchistan, Tropical Asia, America, and Australia. It has great medicinal importance like to stomach tonic, diuretic, laxative, anthelmintic, anti hyperlipidemic, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, hypoglycemic, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic etc. The study of diseases and their treatment are important part of our ancient time worldwide. The knowledge of medicinal plants must have been accumulated in the course of many centuries. Herbal medicine prepare different part of plant are used. Herbal drug is design as the alternative formulation for the external use in the form of ointment. For the clinical use the herbal ointment apply externally on human body. The main aims of this research are Preliminary physico–phytochemical & phytocognostical evaluation of the leaves parts and preparation of herbal ointment from the Achyranthes aspera. Achyranthes aspera L. plants used as antibacterial activity. Under this research work, it is design as herbal ointment with the help of Ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera and determines the anti-bacterial capacity on it. In vitro study the antibacterial activity of the Ethanolic extracts of dried leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. are determine by using the Agar cup plate method versus different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. By blending the Ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. (10 % w/w) into aqueous cream we formulated herbal ointment. The emulsifying agent and simple ointment bases are added in above herbal ointment for increase the antibacterial effectiveness during in vitro evaluation. The current study deals with the characterization of morphological features, determination of physical constant such as the total cash value, water soluble ash value were 11.25%, 5.25% respectively. Loss of weight drying was 12.9%, foaming index>100, swelling index were1.5cm, the percent yield for petroleum ether 5.25%, chloroform 6.34%, ethanol 7.65%, and aqueous 8.35%, and determination of formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment using Achyranthes aspera L. leave extract.
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Hall, Teresa, Sharon Goldfeld, Hayley Loftus, Suzy Honisett, Hueiming Liu, Denise De Souza, Cate Bailey, et al. "Integrated Child and Family Hub models for detecting and responding to family adversity: protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation in two sites." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e055431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055431.
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IntroductionIntegrated community healthcare Hubs may offer a ‘one stop shop’ for service users with complex health and social needs, and more efficiently use service resources. Various policy imperatives exist to implement Hub models of care, however, there is a dearth of research specifically evaluating Hubs targeted at families experiencing adversity. To contribute to building this evidence, we propose to co-design, test and evaluate integrated Hub models of care in two Australian community health services in low socioeconomic areas that serve families experiencing adversity: Wyndham Vale in Victoria and Marrickville in New South Wales.Methods and analysisThis multisite convergent mixed-methods study will run over three phases to (1) develop the initial Hub programme theory through formative research; (2) test and, then, (3) refine the Hub theory using empirical data. Phase 1 involves co-design of each Hub with caregivers, community members and practitioners. Phase 2 uses caregiver and Hub practitioner surveys at baseline, and 6 and 12 months after Hub implementation, and in-depth interviews at 12 months. Two stakeholder groups will be recruited: caregivers (n=100–200 per site) and Hub practitioners (n=20–30 per site). The intervention is a co-located Hub providing health, social, legal and community services with no comparator. The primary outcomes are caregiver-reported: (i) identification of, (ii) interventions received and/or (iii) referrals received for adversity from Hub practitioners. The study also assesses child, caregiver, practitioner and system outcomes including mental health, parenting, quality of life, care experience and service linkages. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed by examining change in proportions/means from baseline to 6 months, from 6 to 12 months and from baseline to 12 months. Service linkages will be analysed using social network analysis. Costs of Hub implementation and a health economics analysis of unmet need will be conducted. Thematic analysis will be employed to analyse qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationRoyal Children’s Hospital and Sydney Local Health District ethics committees have approved the study (HREC/62866/RCHM-2020). Participants and stakeholders will receive results through meetings, presentations and publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN55495932.
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Detering, Karen M., Kimberly Buck, Marcus Sellars, Helana Kelly, Craig Sinclair, Ben White, and Linda Nolte. "Prospective multicentre cross-sectional audit among older Australians accessing health and residential aged care services: protocol for a national advance care directive prevalence study." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e031691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031691.
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IntroductionAdvance care planning (ACP), an ongoing communication and planning process, aims to clarify a person’s values and preferences, so these guide decision-making if the person becomes unable to make his or her own decisions. Ideally, ACP results in completion of advance care directives (ACD), documents completed by competent people outlining their values, treatment preferences and/or appointment of a substitute decision-maker (SDM). ACDs are most effective at the point of care, where they can be used to inform treatment decisions. Australian governments fund initiatives and have developed policy to increase ACD completion rates. However, little is known about the prevalence of ACDs at the point of care in Australian health services, making ACP evaluation efforts difficult. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ACDs in records of older people in Australian hospitals, aged care facilities and general practices.Methods and analysisThis is a national multicentre cross-sectional prevalence study in selected aged care facilities, hospitals and general practices. Following a 2017 feasibility study, a new protocol incorporating key learnings was developed. Sites will be recruited via expression of interest process. Health records of people aged ≥65 years, admitted to or attending services on study day(s) will be audited by trained staff from sites. Site-level data will be collected during the expression of interest. The primary outcome is the presence of at least one ACD in the health record. Secondary outcomes include prevalence of other documented outcomes of ACP (by health practitioner(s)/family/SDM), assessment of ACD quality and content and concordance between the person’s documented preferences and any medical treatment orders. Individuals and sites characteristics where ACDs are present will be explored.Ethics and disseminationProtocol approval by Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee, Melbourne, Australia (reference: HREC/18/Austin/109). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Participating sites and jurisdictions will receive individualised reports of findings.
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Sun, Joanna. "The Appropriateness of Adapting the Australian Environmental Assessment Tool–High Care (EAT-HC) for Persons With Dementia in Singapore." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 4 (June 4, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586720929044.
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Objectives: This study investigated the level of acceptance in Singapore of the eight principles of design underpinning the Environmental Assessment Tool–High Care (EAT-HC), which is commonly used in Australia to evaluate environments for the care of people living with dementia. A secondary goal was to identify topics particularly relevant to the Singaporean context, which are not included in the Australian EAT-HC. Background: This study was undertaken in preparation for the development of a Singaporean version of the Australian EAT-HC. Methods: Discussions from 23 focus groups involving 150 family caregivers, aged care staff, administrators, and architects were recorded and thematically analyzed to identify the characteristics of the principles underpinning the EAT-HC that are unlikely to be relevant in a Singaporean version and to identify additional topics required to tailor it to reflect the Singaporean culture. The thematic analysis was supplemented with quantitative data obtained through the use of simple Likert-type scales measuring the appropriateness of each principle in the Singaporean context. Results: The principles of design that underpin the EAT-HC were highly accepted by participants and provided a framework for a systematic exploration of Singaporean residential care for people with dementia. Some topics of particular relevance to Singapore were identified. These can be subsumed by the principles without the need for the principles to be changed. Conclusion: The results support the use of the design principles underpinning the EAT-HC as the foundation of a tool for the evaluation of Singaporean dementia facilities.
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Burns, Jane M., and George C. Patton. "Preventive Interventions for Youth Suicide: A Risk Factor-Based Approach." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 3 (June 2000): 388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00738.x.
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Objective: This review draws on current knowledge of risk for youth suicide to categorise strategies for intervention. Its goal is to identify areas of ‘research need’ and to provide an evidence base to identify ‘best buy’ preventive interventions for youth suicide. Method: The design, development, implementation and evaluation of prevention strategies ranging from clinical interventions to population-based universal approaches are considered within five risk factor domains: individual, family, community, school and peer. Results: There is a paucity of evidence on the effects of interventions targeting depression and suicidal behaviour. Nevertheless, there are effective indicated, selective and universal interventions for important risk factors for depression and suicidal behaviour. Little evidence has emerged to support the efficacy of some traditional approaches to suicide prevention, such as school based suicide education programs and telephone hotlines. Conclusions: Youth suicide prevention strategies in Australia have generally employed traditional approaches that focus on clinical interventions for self-harmers, restricting access to lethal means, providing services to high risk groups and enhancing general practitioner responses. Both program development and research evaluation of interventions for many important risk and protective factors for suicide have been neglected.
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McEwan, Troy E., Daniel E. Shea, and James R. P. Ogloff. "The Development of the VP-SAFvR: An Actuarial Instrument for Police Triage of Australian Family Violence Reports." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 4 (October 12, 2018): 590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818806031.
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This study describes the rationale, development, and validation of the Victoria Police Screening Assessment for Family Violence Risk (VP-SAFvR). The actuarial instrument was developed on a sample of 24,446 Australian police reports from 2013-2014. Information from each report and criminal histories of those involved were collected with 12-month follow-up, and binary logistic regression used to develop an improper predictive model. The selected VP-SAFvR cut-off score correctly identified almost three quarters of cases with further reports, while half of those without were accurately excluded. It was effective for frontline police triage decision-making, with few screened-out cases reporting further family violence, while those screened-in required additional risk assessment. Predictive validity was adequate and consistent across family relationships and demographic groups, although it was less effective in predicting future family violence reports involving same-sex couples or child perpetrators. Further evaluation in a field trial is necessary to determine the validity of the VP-SAFvR in practice.
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Sitarek, Przemysław, Tomasz Kowalczyk, Ewelina Synowiec, Anna Merecz-Sadowska, Gabrielle Bangay, Salvatore Princiotto, Tomasz Śliwiński, and Patricia Rijo. "An Evaluation of the Novel Biological Properties of Diterpenes Isolated from Plectranthus ornatus Codd. In Vitro and In Silico." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 3243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203243.
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Plectranthus ornatus Codd, the genus Plectranthus of the Lamiaceae family, has been used as traditional medicine in Africa, India and Australia. Pharmacological studies show the use of this plant to treat digestive problems. In turn, leaves were used for their antibiotic properties in some regions of Brazil to treat skin infections. The present study examines the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of the halimane and labdane diterpenes (11R*,13E)-11-acetoxyhalima-5,13-dien-15-oic acid (HAL) and 1α,6β-diacetoxy-8α,13R*-epoxy-14-labden-11-one (PLEC) and the forskolin-like 1:1 mixture of 1,6-di-O-acetylforskolin and 1,6-di-O-acetyl-9-deoxyforskolin (MRC) isolated from P. ornatus on lung (A549) and leukemia (CCRF-CEM) cancer cell lines, and on normal human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cell line in vitro. Additionally, molecular docking and computational approaches were used. ADMET properties were analysed through SwissADME and proTox-II—Prediction. The results indicate that all tested compounds significantly reduced the viability of the cancer cells and demonstrated no cytotoxic effects against the non-neoplastic cell line. The apoptosis indicators showed increased ROS levels for both the tested A549 and CCRF-CEM cancer cell lines after treatment. Furthermore, computational studies found HAL to exhibit moderate antioxidant activity. In addition, selected compounds changed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increased DNA damage and mitochondrial copy number for the CCRF-CEM cancer cell line; they also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on the ARPE-19 normal cell line upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, which was associated with the modulation of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and GM-CSF genes expression. Docking studies gave indication about the lowest binding energy for 1,6-di-O-acetylforskolin docked into IL-6, TNF-α and GM-CSF, and 1,6-di-O-acetyl-9-deoxyforskolin docked into IL-8. The ADMET studies showed drug-likeness properties for the studied compounds. Thus, halimane and labdane diterpenes isolated from P. ornatus appear to offer biological potential; however, further research is necessary to understand their interactions and beneficial properties.
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Keon-Cohen, Zoe M., David A. Story, Juli A. Moran, and Daryl A. Jones. "An audit of perioperative end-of-life care practices and documentation relating to patients who died in a surgical unit in three Victorian hospitals." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 50, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x211032652.
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The number of older, frail patients undergoing surgery is increasing, prompting consideration of the benefits of intensive treatment. Despite collaborative decision-making processes such as advance care planning being supported by recent Australian legislation, their role in perioperative care is yet to be defined. Furthermore, there has been little evaluation of the quality of end-of-life care in the surgical population. We investigated documentation of the premorbid functional status, severity of illness, intensity of treatment, operative management and quality of end-of-life care in patients who died in a surgical unit, with a retrospective study of surgical mortality which was performed across three hospitals over a 23-month period in Victoria, Australia. Among 99 deceased patients in the study cohort, 68 had a surgical operation. Preoperative functional risk assessment by medical staff was infrequently documented in the medical notes (5%) compared with activities of daily living (69%) documented by nursing staff. Documented preoperative discussions regarding the risk of death were rarely and inconsistently done, but when done were extensive. Documented end-of-life care discussions were identified in 71%, but were frequently brief, inconsistent, and in 60% did not occur until 48 hours from death. In 35.4% of instances, documented discussions involved junior staff (registrars or residents), and 43.4% involved intensive care unit staff. Palliative or terminal care referrals also occurred late (1–2 days prior to death). Not-for-resuscitation orders were frequently changed when approaching the end of life. Overall, 57% of deceased patients had a documented opportunity for farewell with family. We conclude that discussions and documentation of end-of-life care practices could be improved and recommend that all surgical units undertake similar audits to ensure that end-of-life care discussions occur for high-risk and palliative care surgical patients and are documented appropriately.
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Favaloro, Emmanuel J., Soma Mohammed, Ronny Vong, Wendy McVicker, Kent Chapman, Priscilla Swanepoel, Geoff Kershaw, et al. "Verification of the ACL Top 50 Family (350, 550, and 750) for Harmonization of Routine Coagulation Assays in a Large Network of 60 Laboratories." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): 661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab004.
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Abstract Objectives To verify a single platform of hemostasis instrumentation, the ACL TOP 50 Family, comprising 350, 550, and 750 instruments, across a large network of 60 laboratories. Methods Comparative evaluations of instrument classes (350 vs 550 and 750) were performed using a large battery of test samples for routine coagulation tests, comprising prothrombin time/international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer, and using HemosIL reagents. Comparisons were also made against existing equipment (Diagnostica Stago Satellite, Compact, and STA-R Evolution) and existing reagents to satisfy national accreditation standards. Verification of manufacturer normal reference ranges (NRRs) and generation of an APTT heparin therapeutic range were undertaken. Results The three instrument types were verified as a single instrument class, which will permit standardization of methods and NRRs across all instruments (n = 75) to be deployed in 60 laboratories. In particular, ACL TOP 350 test result data were similar to ACL TOP 550 and 750 and showed no to limited bias. All manufacturer NRRs were verified with occasional minor variance. Conclusions This ACL TOP 50 Family (350, 550, and 750) verification will enable harmonization of routine coagulation across all laboratories in the largest public pathology network in Australia.
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Cousens, Nicole E., Jane Tiller, Bettina Meiser, Kristine Barlow-Stewart, Simone Rowley, Yi-An Ko, Sakshi Mahale, et al. "Evaluation of two population screening programmes for BRCA1/2 founder mutations in the Australian Jewish community: a protocol paper." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e041186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041186.
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IntroductionPeople of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) ancestry are more likely than unselected populations to have a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant, which cause a significantly increased risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. Three specific BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants, referred to as BRCA-Jewish founder mutations (B-JFM), account for >90% of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants in people of AJ ancestry. Current practice of identifying eligible individuals for BRCA testing based on personal and/or family history has been shown to miss at least 50% of people who have one of these variants. Here we describe the protocol of the JeneScreen study—a study established to develop and evaluate two different population-based B-JFM screening programmes, offered to people of Jewish ancestry in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.Methods and analysisTo rmeasure the acceptability of population-based B-JFM screening in Australia, two screening programmes using different methodologies have been developed. The Sydney JeneScreen programme provides information and obtains informed consent by way of an online tool. The Melbourne JeneScreen programme does this by way of community sessions attended in person. Participants complete questionnaires to measure clinical and psychosocial outcomes at baseline, and for those who have testing, 2 weeks postresult. Participants who decline testing are sent a questionnaire regarding reasons for declining. Participants with a B-JFM are sent questionnaires 12-month and 24-month post-testing. The questionnaires incorporate validated scales, which measure anxiety, decisional conflict and regret, and test-related distress and positive experiences, and other items specifically developed or adapted for the study. These measures will be assessed for each programme and the two population-based B-JFM screening methods will be compared.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional Human Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained from the South Eastern Area Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee: HREC Ref 16/125.Following the analysis of the study results, the findings will be disseminated widely through conferences and publications, and directly to participants in writing.
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Paton, Kate, Lynn Gillam, Hayley Warren, Melissa Mulraney, David Coghill, Daryl Efron, Michael Sawyer, and Harriet Hiscock. "Clinicians’ perceptions of the Australian Paediatric Mental Health Service System: Problems and solutions." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 55, no. 5 (January 18, 2021): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420984242.
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Objectives: Despite substantial investment by governments, the prevalence of mental health disorders in developed countries remains unchanged over the past 20 years. As 50% of mental health conditions present before 14 years of age, access to high-quality mental health care for children is crucial. Barriers to access identified by parents include high costs and long wait times, difficulty navigating the health system, and a lack of recognition of the existence and/or severity of the child’s mental health disorder. Often neglected, but equally important, are clinician views about the barriers to and enablers of access to high-quality mental health care. We aimed to determine perspectives of Australian clinicians including child and adolescent psychiatrists, paediatricians, psychologists and general practitioners, on barriers and enablers within the current system and components of an optimal system. Methods: A total of 143 clinicians (approximately 35 each of child and adolescent psychiatrists, paediatricians, child psychologists and general practitioners) from Victoria and South Australia participated in semi-structured phone interviews between March 2018 and February 2019. Inductive content analysis was applied to address the broad study aims. Findings: Clinician-identified barriers included multi-dimensional family factors, service fragmentation, long wait times and inadequate training for paediatricians and general practitioners. Rural and regional locations provided additional challenges but a greater sense of collaboration resulting from the proximity of clinicians in rural areas, creating an opportunity to develop support networks. Suggestions for an optimal system included novel ways to improve access to child psychiatry expertise, training for paediatricians and general practitioners, and co-located multidisciplinary services. Conclusion: Within the current mental health system for children, structural, training and workforce barriers prevent optimal access to care. Clinicians identified many practical and systemic ideas to improve the system. Implementation and evaluation of effectiveness and cost effectiveness of these ideas is the next challenge for Australia’s children’s mental health.
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Moores, Carly J., Jacqueline Miller, Lynne A. Daniels, Helen A. Vidgen, and Anthea M. Magarey. "Pre–post evaluation of a weight management service for families with overweight and obese children, translated from the efficacious lifestyle intervention Parenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH)." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 12 (May 30, 2018): 1434–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518001083.
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AbstractParenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH) is a multi-component lifestyle intervention for families with overweight and obese children. PEACH was translated from an efficacious randomised-controlled trial (RCT) and delivered at scale as PEACH Queensland (QLD) in Queensland, Australia. The aim of this study is to explore pre–post changes in parenting, and child-level eating, activity and anthropometry, in the PEACH QLD service delivery project. PEACH QLD enrolled 926 overweight/obese children (817 families). Pre-programme evaluation was completed for 752 children and paired pre–post-programme evaluation data were available for 388 children. At baseline, children with pre–post-programme data were (mean) 8·8 years old, and at follow-up were 9·3 years old, with mean time between pre–post-programme measures of 0·46 years. Outcomes reflected each domain of the PEACH programme: parenting, eating behaviour of the child and activity behaviours (means reported). Parents reported improvements in parenting self-efficacy (3·6 to 3·7, P=0·001). Children had improved eating behaviours: eating more daily serves of vegetables (2·0 to 2·6, P=0·001) and fewer non-milk sweetened beverages (0·9 to 0·6, P=0·001) and discretionary foods (2·2 to 1·5, P=0·001). Children spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (86 to 105 min/d, P=0·001) and less time in sedentary screen-based behaviours (190 to 148 min/d, P=0·001). Consequently, there were significant improvements in mean BMIz (−0·112; P<0·001) and weight status (healthy weight/overweight/obese/morbidly obese prevalence from 0/22/33/45 % to 2/27/34/37 %, P<0·001). When delivered at scale, PEACH remains an effective family-based, multi-component, lifestyle weight management programme for overweight and obese children whose families engage in the programme.
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The Son, Ninh. "Genus Miliusa: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (August 14, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8314693.
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Background. Genus Miliusa (family Annonaceae), widely distributed in mainland Asia and Australia to New Guinea, has been employed in both traditional herbal uses and pharmacological medicines. Original research articles related to this genus are now available, but supportive reviews highlighting phytochemical and pharmacological aspects are now insufficient. Objective. This account is an overview of most of the compounds isolated from this genus, along with their pharmacological evaluations. Conclusion. A vast amount of data showed that genus Miliusa contained various classes of secondary metabolites. Herein, more than two hundred constituents were isolated, comprising alkaloids, geranylated homogentisic acids, flavonoids, lignans, neolignans, terpenoids, acetogenins, styryls, lactones, phenolics, amides, alcohols, and furfural derivatives. Novel miliusanes and bicyclic lactones have been remarkable characteristics of Miliusa plants. Essential oils from these plants were also detected, with a high amount of β-caryophyllene. Numerous in vitro biological researches on, for example, anticancer, antifungal, antimycobacterial, anti-inflammation, and cardiac activity, especially in terms of cytotoxicity, using either isolated compounds or plant extracts, implied that Miliusa phytochemical components now set out to have a key role in pharmacological development. M. smithiae ethyl acetate extract and its flavonoid ayanin (75) inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cell line comparable with positive control ellipticine. (+)-Miliusol (72) stimulated in vivo anticancer experiment against HCT116 xenograft mouse tumor following the p21-dependent induction of cellular senescence mechanism.
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Khano, Sonia, Lena Sanci, Susan Woolfenden, Yvonne Zurynski, Kim Dalziel, Siaw-Teng Liaw, Douglas Boyle, et al. "Strengthening Care for Children (SC4C): protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial of an integrated general practitioner-paediatrician model of primary care." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e063449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063449.
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IntroductionAustralia’s current healthcare system for children is neither sustainable nor equitable. As children (0–4 years) comprise the largest proportion of all primary care-type emergency department presentations, general practitioners (GPs) report feeling undervalued as an integral member of a child’s care, and lacking in opportunities for support and training in paediatric conditions. This Strengthening Care for Children (SC4C) randomised trial aims to evaluate a novel, integrated GP-paediatrician model of care, that, if effective, will improve GP quality of care, reduce burden to hospital services and ensure children receive the right care, at the right time, closer to home.Methods and analysisSC4C is a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 22 general practice clinics in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. General practice clinics will provide control period data before being exposed to the 12-month intervention which will be rolled out sequentially each month (one clinic per state) until all 22 clinics receive the intervention. The intervention comprises weekly GP-paediatrician co-consultation sessions; monthly case discussions; and phone and email paediatrician support, focusing on common paediatric conditions. The primary outcome of the trial is to assess the impact of the intervention as measured by the proportion of children’s (0–<18 years) GP appointments that result in a hospital referral, compared with the control period. Secondary outcomes include GP quality of care; GP experience and confidence in providing paediatric care; family trust in and preference for GP care; and the sustainability of the intervention. An implementation evaluation will assess the model to inform acceptability, adaptability, scalability and sustainability, while a health economic evaluation will measure the cost-effectiveness of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationHuman research ethics committee (HREC) approval was granted by The Royal Children’s Hospital Ethics Committee in August 2020 (Project ID: 65955) and site-specific HRECs. The investigators (including Primary Health Network partners) will communicate trial results to stakeholders and participating GPs and general practice clinics via presentations and publications.Trial registration numberAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12620001299998.
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Koziol-McLain, Jane, Denise Wilson, Alain C. Vandal, Moana Eruera, Shyamala Nada-Raja, Terry Dobbs, Michael Roguski, and Te Wai Barbarich-Unasa. "Evaluation of a Healthy Relationship Smartphone App With Indigenous Young People: Protocol for a Co-designed Stepped Wedge Randomized Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): e24792. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24792.
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Background We co-designed a smartphone app, Harmonised, with taitamariki (young people aged 13-17 years) to promote healthy intimate partner relationships. The app also provides a pathway for friends and family, or whānau (indigenous Māori extended family networks), to learn how to offer better support to taitamariki. Objective The aim of our taitamariki- and Māori-centered study is to evaluate the implementation of the app in secondary schools. The study tests the effectiveness of the app in promoting taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy (primary outcome). Methods We co-designed a pragmatic, randomized, stepped wedge trial (retrospectively registered on September 12, 2019) for 8 Aotearoa, New Zealand, secondary schools (years 9 through 13). The schools were randomly assigned to implement the app in 1 of the 2 school terms. A well-established evaluation framework (RE-AIM [Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance]) guided the selection of mixed data collection methods. Our target sample size is 600 taitamariki enrolled across the 8 schools. Taitamariki will participate by completing 5 web-based surveys over a 15-month trial period. Taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy (primary outcome) and well-being, general health, cybersafety management, and connectedness (secondary outcomes) will be assessed with each survey. The general effectiveness hypotheses will be tested by using a linear mixed model with nested participant, year-group, and school random effects. The primary analysis will also include testing effectiveness in the Māori subgroup. Results The study was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment in October 2015 and approved by the Auckland University of Technology Ethics Committee on May 3, 2017 (application number: 17/71). Conclusions This study will generate robust evidence evaluating the impact of introducing a healthy relationship app in secondary schools on taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy, well-being, general health, cybersafety management, and connectedness. This taitamariki- and indigenous Māori–centered research fills an important gap in developing and testing strengths-based mobile health interventions in secondary schools. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001262190; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377584 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/24792
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Sim, Wan Hua, Anthony F. Jorm, Katherine A. Lawrence, and Marie B. H. Yap. "Development and evaluation of the Parenting to Reduce Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (PaRCADS): assessment of parental concordance with guidelines for the prevention of child anxiety and depression." PeerJ 7 (May 30, 2019): e6865. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6865.
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Background Involving parents in the prevention of mental health problems in children is prudent given their fundamental role in supporting their child’s development. However, few measures encapsulate the range of risk and protective factors for child anxiety and depression that parents can potentially modify. The Parenting to Reduce Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (PaRCADS) was developed as a criterion-referenced measure to assess parenting against a set of evidence-based parenting guidelines for the prevention of child anxiety and depressive disorders. Methods In Study 1, 355 parents of children 8–11 years old across Australia completed the PaRCADS and measures of parenting, general family functioning, child anxiety and depressive symptoms, and parent and child health-related quality of life. Their children completed measures of parenting, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life. In Study 2, six subject-experts independently evaluated the PaRCADS items for item-objective congruence and item-relevance. Item analysis was conducted by examining item-total point-biserial correlation, difficulty index, B-index, and expert-rated content validity indices. Reliability (or dependability) was assessed by agreement coefficients for single administration. Construct validity was examined by correlational analyses with other measures. Results Four items were removed to yield a 79-item, 10-subscale PaRCADS. Reliability estimates for the subscale and total score range from .74 to .94. Convergent validity was indicated by moderate to strong correlations with other parenting and family functioning measures, and discriminant validity was supported by small to moderate correlations with a measure of parents’ health-related quality of life. Higher scores on the PaRCADS were associated with fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms and better health-related quality of life in the child. PaRCADS total score was associated with parental age, parent reported child’s history of mental health diagnosis and child’s current mental health problem. Discussion Results showed that the PaRCADS demonstrates adequate psychometric properties that provide initial support for its use as a measure of parenting risk and protective factors for child anxiety and depression. The scale may be used for intervention and evaluative purposes in preventive programs and research.
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Symeonides, Christos, Peter J. Vuillermin, Emma Sciberras, Elizabeth Senn, Sarah M. Thomson, Nicole Wardrop, Vicki Anderson, Angela Pezic, Peter D. Sly, and Anne-Louise Ponsonby. "Importance of accounting for sibling age when examining the association between family size and early childhood cognition, language and emotional behaviour: a birth cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e041984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041984.
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ObjectivesLarger sibships are associated with poorer cognitive and language outcomes but have different impacts on child emotional development. Previous studies have not taken into account sibling age, nor have impacts across multiple neurodevelopmental domains been considered in the same participant group. This study investigated the influence of family size indicators on early childhood cognitive, language and emotional-behavioural development. The effect of sibling age was considered by evaluating these relationships separately for different sibling age categories.DesignProspective birth cohort study.SettingParticipants in the Barwon Infant Study were recruited from two major hospitals in the Barwon region of Victoria, Australia, between 2010 and 2013 (n=1074 children).ParticipantsThe 755 children with any neurodevelopmental data at age 2–3 years excluding twins and those with an acquired neurodisability.Outcome measuresCognitive and language development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, and emotional-behavioural development was measured with the Child Behaviour Checklist for Ages 1½−5.ResultsGreater household size was associated with a reduced cognitive development score (adjusted mean difference (AMD) −0.66 per extra household member; 95% CI −0.96 to –0.37; p<0.001) without age-specific differences. However, poorer expressive language was only observed for exposure to siblings between 2–6 and 6–10 years older. Having siblings 2–6 years older was associated with less internalising behaviour (AMD −2.1 per sibling; 95% CI −3.1 to –1.0; p<0.001). These associations persisted after multiple comparison adjustment.ConclusionsThe influence of siblings on early childhood development varies substantially by sibling age and the neurodevelopmental outcome under study. Although family size alone appears important for cognitive development, age-specific findings emphasise the importance of sibling interaction in early childhood expressive language development and emotional behaviour.
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Kaewkla, Onuma, and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Promicromonospora endophytica sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of an Australian native Grey Box tree." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_7 (July 1, 2012): 1687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.033258-0.
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A novel aerobic actinobacterium, strain EUM 273T, was isolated from the root of a Grey Box tree (Eucalyptus microcarpa Maiden). Cells were Gram-staining-positive with well-developed substrate mycelia which were non-motile and rod-like, with coccoid elements. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the isolate as a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae that was most closely related to Promicromonospora xylanilytica YIM 61515T (98.2 %) and Promicromonospora vindobonensis V45T (98 %). Chemotaxonomic data including cell wall components, major menaquinone and major fatty acids confirmed the affiliation of strain EUM 273T to the genus Promicromonospora . The results of the phylogenetic analysis, including physiological and biochemical studies in combination with DNA–DNA hybridization, allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain EUM 273T from the closest related species with validly published names. The name proposed for the novel species is Promicromonospora endophytica sp. nov. The type strain is EUM 273T ( = DSM 23716T = NRRL B-24816T).
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Kaewkla, Onuma, and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Actinopolymorpha pittospori sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from surface-sterilized leaves of an apricot tree (Pittosporum phylliraeoides)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 2616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.029579-0.
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A member of the genus Actinopolymorpha, designated PIP 143T, was isolated from the leaves of an Australian native apricot tree (Pittosporum phylliraeoides). The isolate was a Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic actinobacterium, with a well-developed substrate mycelium that fragmented into small rods. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Nocardioidaceae. Strain PIP 143T was most closely related to Actinopolymorpha cephalotaxi I06-2230T (98.7 %) and Actinopolymorpha rutila YIM 45725T (98.1 %). Chemotaxonomic data, including cell-wall components, menaquinones and fatty acids, confirmed the affiliation of strain PIP 143T to the genus Actinopolymorpha. Phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical studies, in combination with DNA–DNA hybridization studies, allowed the differentiation of strain PIP 143T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours with validly published names. Therefore, a novel species is proposed, with the name Actinopolymorpha pittospori sp. nov. The type strain is PIP 143T ( = DSM 45354T = ACM 5288T = NRRL B-24810T).
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Kaewkla, Onuma, and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Kribbella endophytica sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the surface-sterilized leaf of a native apricot tree." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_4 (April 1, 2013): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.041343-0.
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A new strain of the genus Kribbella , PIP 118T, was isolated from the leaf of an Australian native apricot tree (Pittosporum angustifolium), or Gumbi Gumbi in the indigenous language. This strain is an aerobic actinobacterium consisting of hyphae that fragment into short to elongated rod-like elements. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed this isolate as a member of the family Nocardioidaceae and most closely related to Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530T (98.6 %) and Kribbella koreensis LM 161T (98.4 %). Chemotaxonomic data including cell wall components, major menaquinone and major fatty acids confirmed the affiliation of strain PIP 118T to the genus Kribbella . The results of the phylogenetic analysis, including physiological and biochemical studies in combination with DNA–DNA hybridization, allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain PIP 118T and members of the most closely related species with validly published names. The name proposed for the new species is Kribbella endophytica sp. nov. The type strain is PIP 118T ( = DSM 23718T = NRRL B-24812T).
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Geelhoed, Elizabeth, Joelie Mandzufas, Phoebe George, Ken Strahan, Alison Duffield, Ian Li, and Donna Cross. "Long-term economic outcomes for interventions in early childhood: protocol for a systematic review." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e036647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036647.
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IntroductionInvestment in early childhood produces positive returns: for the child, the family and the community. Benefits have been shown to be significant within certain parameters, but a systematic review of the economic evidence across multiple sectors including health, education and social welfare will have the capacity to inform policy relative to the full range of social determinants. This review will take a broad approach, encompassing a range of costs and benefits to enable the identification of the most beneficial investments in early childhood and to highlight gaps in current research.Methods and analysisEconomic evaluations incorporating both costs and long-term outcomes of early childhood interventions and programmes will be included. Outcomes may be valued in monetary units or quantified non-monetary units (eg, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), disability-adjusted life years (DALY)). Results will be expressed as a ratio according to the outcome; with monetary outcomes expressed as cost-benefit ratios or return on investment, and non-monetary outcomes expressed as cost per QALY or DALY. The target population is children aged 0–5 years.Extensive database searches across sectors will be undertaken. The review will involve five phases: defining the research question, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, extracting and collating data, and summarising and reporting results. The search commenced in 2019 and the expected end date is December 2020.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of this review will inform policymakers and practitioners in public health, education, social welfare and primary care settings. The publication plan includes a series of academic publications, and policy papers prepared and disseminated through Telethon Kids Institute networks. Exemption from ethics approval was granted by the University of Western Australia Human Ethics Office (RA/4/20/5677).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020145901.
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Kaewkla, Onuma, and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Pseudonocardia eucalypti sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium with a unique knobby spore surface, isolated from roots of a native Australian eucalyptus tree." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.022327-0.
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A novel strain, designated EUM 374T, was isolated from the root of a native Australian eucalyptus tree, Eucalyptus microcarpa, and subjected to a range of morphological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses. The strain was Gram-reaction-positive with well-developed aerial mycelia, which fragmented into rod-shaped spores that had unique knobby protrusions on the spore surface. Substrate mycelia were not present in the media used. Strain EUM 374T grew as a film on the surface of static liquid culture medium but did not grow under shaking conditions. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequences identified the new isolate as belonging to the family Pseudonocardiaceae with sequence similarities of 96.1 and 96.3 % to Pseudonocardia acaciae GMKU095T and Pseudonocardia spinosispora LM 141T, respectively, and 93–96 % sequence similarity to other members of the genus Pseudonocardia. The results of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, including physiological and biochemical tests, differentiated strain EUM 374T from related members of the genus Pseudonocardia. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain EUM 374T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia eucalypti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EUM 374T ( = DSM 45351T = ACM 5285T).
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Chambers, Georgina M., Christopher Harrison, James Raymer, Ann Kristin Petersen Raymer, Helena Britt, Michael Chapman, William Ledger, and Robert J. Norman. "Infertility management in women and men attending primary care—patient characteristics, management actions and referrals." Human Reproduction 34, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 2173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez172.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION How did general practitioners (GPs) (family physicians) manage infertility in females and males in primary care between 2000 and 2016? SUMMARY ANSWER The number of GP infertility consultations for females increased 1.6 folds during the study period, with 42.9% of consultations resulting in a referral to a fertility clinic or specialist, compared to a 3-fold increase in the number of consultations for men, with 21.5% of consultations resulting in a referral. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Infertility affects one in six couples and is expected to increase with the trend to later childbearing and reports of declining sperm counts. Despite GPs often being the first contact for infertile people, very limited information is available on the management of infertility in primary care. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme were used, which is a national study of Australian primary care (general practice) clinical activity based on 1000 ever-changing, randomly selected GPs involved in 100 000 GP–patient consultations per year between 2000 and 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Females and males aged 18–49 years attending GPs for the management of infertility were included in the study. Details recorded by GPs included patient characteristics, problems managed and management actions (including counselling/education, imaging, pathology, medications and referrals to specialists and fertility clinics). Analyses included trends in the rates of infertility consultations by sex of patient, descriptive and univariate analyses of patient characteristics and management actions and multivariate logistic regression to determine which patient and GP characteristics were independently associated with increased rates of infertility management and referrals. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The rate of infertility consultations per capita increased 1.6 folds for women (17.7–28.3 per 1000 women aged 18–49 years) and 3 folds for men over the time period (3.4–10.2 per 1000 men aged 18–49 years). Referral to a fertility clinic or relevant specialist occurred in 42.9% of female infertility consultations and 21.5% of male infertility consultations. After controlling for age and other patient characteristics, being aged in their 30s, not having income assistance, attending primary care in later years of the study and coming from a non-English-speaking background, were associated with an increased likelihood of infertility being managed in primary care. In female patients, holding a Commonwealth concession card (indicating low income), living in a remote area and having a female GP all indicated a lower adjusted odds of referral to a fertility clinic or specialist. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Data are lacking for the period of infertility and infertility diagnosis, which would provide a more complete picture of the epidemiology of treatment-seeking behaviour for infertility. Australia’s universal insurance scheme provides residents with access to a GP, and therefore these findings may not be generalizable to other settings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study informs public policy on how infertility is managed in primary care in different patient groups. Whether the management actions taken and rates of secondary referral to a fertility clinic or specialist are appropriate warrants further investigation. The development of clinical practice guidelines for the management of infertility would provide a standardized approach to advice, investigations, treatment and referral pathways in primary care. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This paper is part of a study being funded by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council project grant APP1104543. G.C. reports that she is an employee of The University of New South Wales (UNSW) and Director of the National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (NPESU), UNSW. The NPESU manages the Australian and New Zealand Assisted Reproductive Technology Database on behalf of the Fertility Society of Australia. W.L. reports being a part-time paid employee and minor shareholder of Virtus Health, a fertility company. R.N. reports being a small unitholder in a fertility company, receiving grants for research from Merck and Ferring and speaker travel grants from Merck. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA
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Ainsworth, Frank. "Family Preservation Services: A cautionary note." Children Australia 18, no. 2 (1993): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200006271.
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The present interest in US style family preservation services is the focus of this article. The article sounds a cautionary note in relation to the development of these services in Australia. It does this by drawing attention to a recent influential evaluation of these services and to the differences between social work and child welfare practices in America and Australia.
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Dow, Briony, Betty Haralambous, Courtney Hempton, Susan Hunt, and Diane Calleja. "Evaluation of Alzheimer's Australia Vic Memory Lane Cafés." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 2 (July 30, 2010): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001560.
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ABSTRACTBackground: This paper describes the evaluation of the Memory Lane Café service in Victoria, Australia. The Alzheimer's Australia Vic Memory Lane Café model aims to provide a social and educational service to people living with dementia and their carers, family members or friends. Dementia is a serious health issue in Australia, with prevalence estimated at 6.5% of people over 65 years of age. Living with dementia has significant social and psychological ramifications, often negatively affecting quality of life. Social support groups can improve quality of life for people living with dementia.Methods: The evaluation included focus groups and surveys of people with dementia and their carers, staff consultation, service provider interviews, and researcher observation. The Melbourne Health Mental Health Human Research Ethics Committee approved the project. Participants included people with dementia (aged 60 to 93 years, previously enrolled in the Alzheimer's Australia Vic's six-week Living With Memory Loss Program), their carers, friends and/or family members, staff working in the Cafés, and service providers with links to the Cafés.Results: This evaluation found that Memory Lane Cafés promote social inclusion, prevent isolation, and improve the social and emotional well-being of attendees. However, Cafés did not meet the needs of all potential attendees.Conclusions: The evaluation recommended that existing Café services be continued and possibilities for extending the Cafés be explored. Based on evaluation outcomes, the Department of Health Victoria is funding four additional pilot programs in café style support services.
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Dorsey, Shannon, Christopher F. Akiba, Noah S. Triplett, Leah Lucid, Haley A. Carroll, Katherine S. Benjamin, Dafrosa K. Itemba, et al. "Consumer perspectives on acceptability of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in Tanzania and Kenya: A mixed methods study." Implementation Research and Practice 3 (January 2022): 263348952211099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26334895221109963.
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Background There is a substantial mental health treatment gap globally. Increasingly, mental health treatments with evidence of effectiveness in western countries have been adapted and tested in culturally and contextually distinct countries. Findings from these studies have been promising, but to better understand treatment outcome results and consider broader scale up, treatment acceptability needs to be assessed and better understood. This mixed methods study aimed to examine child and guardian acceptability of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) in two regions in Tanzania and Kenya and to better understand how TF-CBT was perceived as helpful for children and guardians. Methods Participants were 315 children (7–13), who experienced the death of one or both parents and 315 guardians, both of whom participated in TF-CBT as part of a randomized controlled trial conducted in Tanzania and Kenya. The study used mixed methods, with quantitative evaluation from guardian perspective ( N=315) using the Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire (TAQ) and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8). Acceptability was assessed qualitatively from both guardian and child perspectives. Qualitative evaluation involved analysis using stratified selection to identify 160 child and 160 guardian interviews, to allow exploration of potential differences in acceptability by country, setting (urban/rural), and youth age (younger/older). Results Guardians reported high acceptability on the TAQ and, using an interpretation guide from U.S.-based work, medium acceptability on the CSQ-8. Guardians and children noted high acceptability in the qualitative analysis, noting benefits that correspond to TF-CBT’s therapeutic goals. Analyses exploring differences in acceptability yielded few differences by setting or child age but suggested some potential differences by country. Conclusion Quantitative and qualitative data converged to suggest high acceptability of TF-CBT from guardian and child perspectives in Tanzania and Kenya. Findings add to accumulating evidence of high TF-CBT acceptability from Zambia and other countries (United States, Norway, Australia). Plain Language Summary: Evidence-based treatments have been shown to be effective in countries and regions that are contextually and culturally distinct from where they were developed. But, perspectives of consumers on these treatments have not been assessed regularly or thoroughly. We used open-ended questions and rating scales to assess guardian and youth perspectives on a group-based, cognitive behavioral treatment for children impacted by parental death, in regions within Tanzania and Kenya. Our findings indicate that both guardians and youth found the treatment to be very acceptable. Nearly all guardians talked about specific benefits for the child, followed by benefits for the family and themselves. Eighty percent of youth mentioned benefits for themselves and all youth said they would recommend the program to others. Benefits mentioned by guardians and youth corresponded to treatment goals (improved mood/feelings or behavior, less distress when thinking about the parent/s’ death). Both guardians and children named specific aspects of the treatment that they liked and found useful. Dislikes and challenges of the treatment were less frequently mentioned, but point to areas where acceptability could be further improved. Recommendations from participants also offer areas where acceptability could be improved, namely guardians’ recommendation that the treatment also address non-mental health needs and offer some follow-up or opportunity to participate in the program again. Our study provides an example of how to assess acceptability and identify places to further enhance acceptability.
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Ban, Paul, and Phillip Swain. "Family Group Conferences, part two: Putting the ‘family’ back into child protection." Children Australia 19, no. 4 (1994): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000417x.
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This is the second of two articles examining the establishment of Family Decision Making in Victoria. The first ‘Family Group Conferences – Part One: Australia's first Project in Child Protection’ was presented in the previous edition of Children Australia. This article builds upon the first by presenting an overview of the evaluation of the Victorian Family Decision Making Project, and pointing to practice and other implications of the development of this Project for child welfare services generally.
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Hawkins, Russell M. F. "Family Inclusive Child Protection Practice: The Need for Rigorous Evaluation." Children Australia 39, no. 2 (May 21, 2014): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.4.
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Historical and current child protection practice in Australia has been subject to severe criticism, yet in spite of a persuasive case for an alternative family inclusive form of child protection practice – something that offers the potential for improved client outcomes and improved worker job satisfaction – the model is not yet in widespread use. An international review of promising innovations in child protection, including examples of programmes from Australia, resulted in a list of eight identified trends. Common to all of these trends was evidence that good-quality evaluation had contributed to their recognition. If family inclusive practice is to gain greater acceptance, especially by bureaucrats, policy makers and holders of the purse strings, sophisticated forms of programme evaluation will be required. Such evaluations might emphasise practice-based research where researchers and frontline practitioners work together on all aspects of evaluation, including the initial design stage. While gold-standard randomised controlled trials may be included, methodological pluralism should allow inclusion of alternative approaches, such as realist evaluation and the involvement of practice research networks. The use of external evaluators might be usefully replaced with greater reliance on evaluation partnerships between evaluation experts (researchers) and frontline agency staff. Follow-up systematic reviews and meta-analyses might then allow the development of evidence-based arguments for change. Some Australian programmes have shown how rigorous evaluation practices have underpinned success and this evaluation focus could be emulated.
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Akin Ojelabi, Lola, and Judith Gutman. "Family dispute resolution and access to justice in Australia." International Journal of Law in Context 16, no. 2 (June 2020): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552320000142.
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AbstractThe context of this paper is the several innovative reforms since the Australian government changed the family-law system more than forty years ago with the enactment of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). Whilst no-fault divorce was introduced over four decades ago, the watershed effect of replacing a blaming culture with a collaborative problem-solving approach to family disputing has provided a stepping stone for a progressive pathway to less adversarialism in family conflict. This narrative resonates throughout the family-law system today. It also continues to guide the justice discourse in family matters. This paper focuses on developments in the family-law system canvassing several legislative amendments that demonstrate the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) as a means of improving access to justice in relation to family disputes in Australia. It is argued that, in the family-law system, justice and ADR are inextricably linked. In support of this contention, the growth, development and evaluation of family dispute resolution is considered; access to justice issues that arise are highlighted. Finally, it reviews ramifications for the future considering recommendations from the recent inquiry into the family-law system.
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Hays, R. B., D. A. Wallace, and T. K. Sen Gupta. "Training for rural family practice in australia." Teaching and Learning in Medicine 9, no. 2 (January 1997): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10401339709539819.
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Harrigan, Peter. "Australia: Evaluation of prescription drugs." Lancet 338, no. 8767 (September 1991): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90620-5.
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Silva, Fernanda Liliane De Araújo, Rinalda Araújo Guerra de Oliveira, and Ednaldo Cavalcante de Araújo. "Use of medicinal plants by the elders at a family health estrategy." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 2, no. 1 (February 7, 2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.400-11163-1-le.0201200802.
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ABSTRACTThis study about medicinal plants was done at a Santo Antônio’s aged group in the Family’s Health Estrategy in Pedras de Fogo city — Paraíba (PB), Brasil, with the purpose to rescue the popular’s medicine traditions, valuing the acquired experiences, evaluating the risks and the benefits of its use and extending the therapeutically resources in the health primary attention with the interchange, between knowing scientific and popular creating a book of region own prescriptions. The data were collects through a questionnaire that focused questions about plants origin, way of obtaining one, cultivating one, therapeutic indications, preparation way and of using. Amongst the 50 more used plants medicinal, ten had been cited: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-Cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) and Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L), which by means of consulted literature would can be part of the therapeutical armory of the Health Family Estrategies at Pedras de Fogo. Descriptors: aged; plants medicinal; knowledge.RESUMOEstudo descritivo exploratório, com o objetivo principal de investigar as plantas medicinais cultivadas e usadas pelos idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família Santo Antônio do município de Pedras de Fogo — Paraíba (PB), Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um formulário contemplando questões acerca da origem das plantas, modo de obtenção, cultivo, indicações terapêuticas, modo de preparo e de uso. Foi montado um banco de dados para análise dos dados que revelaram, dentre as 50 plantas medicinais mais usadas, dez foram as mais citadas: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) e Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L), as quais, mediante a literatura consultada, poderão fazer parte do arsenal terapêutico das Estratégias Saúde da Família do Município de Pedras de Fogo. Descritores: idosos; plantas medicinais; conhecimento.RESUMENEste estudio sobre las plantas medicinales fue hecho con los ancianos registrados en las Estratégias Salud de la Familia Santo Antônio, en la ciudad de Pedras de Fogo — Paraíba (PB), Brasil, con el propósito de rescatar las tradiciones populares de la medicina, valorando las experiencias adquiridas, evaluando los riesgos y las ventajas de su uso y extendiendo los recursos terapéuticos en la atención primaria de la salud con el intercambio, entre saber científico y popular creando un libro de la región para poseer prescripciones. Los datos fueran recogidos a través de un instrumento que enfocó preguntas sobre el origen de las plantas, manera de obtener las plantas, cultivo, las indicaciones terapéuticas, manera de preparación y el uso. Entre las 50 plantas medicinales más usadas, diez fueron las más citadas: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) e Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L); las cuales mediante la literatura consultada podrán ser parte del arsenal terapéutico de las Estratégias Salud de la Familia de Pedras de Fogo. Descritores: ancianos; plantas medicinales; conocimiento.
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Schultz, Cynthia L., Kosmas X. Smyrnios, Carolyn F. Grbich, and Noel C. Schultz. "Caring for Family Caregivers in Australia: A Model of Psychoeducational Support." Ageing and Society 13, no. 1 (March 1993): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00000623.
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ABSTRACTThe present paper describes and traces the emergence of an innovative psychoeducational model of support for family caregivers of dependent elderly persons, its associated systematic evaluation and leadership training process, provides details of a small group programme and its underlying philosophy, and reports on outcome evaluation research ascertained from both quantitative and qualitative data analyses. Details of these analyses are presented within the context provided by a three-level model of support, which recruits and trains professionals from a range of disciplines to help families in caregiving situations. The 72 treatment and 29 waiting-list control subjects were assessed at pretreatment and at posttest on measures of anxiety and psychological well-being. Statistically significant differences emerged between the treatment and waiting-list control groups on these measures. Positive changes for programme participants were further demonstrated by contextual analysis of evaluative responses. Implications for practitioners, educators, and policy specialists, as well as for research and programme development are discussed.
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Kalda, Ruth, Marje Oona, Heidi-Ingrid Maaroos, and Margus Lember. "Patient evaluation on family doctors’ family orientation." Patient Education and Counseling 56, no. 3 (March 2005): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2004.03.008.
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Middleton, Philippa, Tanya Bubner, Karen Glover, Alice Rumbold, Donna Weetra, Wendy Scheil, and Stephanie Brown. "‘Partnerships are crucial’: an evaluation of the Aboriginal Family Birthing Program in South Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 41, no. 1 (November 20, 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12599.
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HARRIGAN, P. "Australia: Appeal for faster drug evaluation." Lancet 338, no. 8761 (July 1991): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90362-s.
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Maan, S., N. Maan, K. Bankowska, A. Potgieter, K. Nomikou, and P. P. C. Mertens. "Mise au point de nouvelles techniques de diagnostic pour les maladies à orbivirus chez les animaux domestiques et sauvages." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 62, no. 2-4 (February 1, 2009): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10061.
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The recent emergence and spread of bluetongue virus (BTV) across the whole of Europe suggests that other orbiviruses could also emerge to threaten livestock species and wildlife populations in Europe and other parts of the world. The genus Orbivirus is the largest within the family Reoviridae, containing 22 virus species, as well as 14 unclassified orbiviruses. The orbiviruses are transmitted primarily by arthropod vectors (e.g. Culicoides, mosquitoes or ticks) and several are associated with severe and economically important diseases of livestock, including BTV in cattle and sheep, African horse sickness virus (AHSV), equine encephalosis virus (EEV) and Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) in equids, as well as epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in wild ungulates or cattle. Recent incursions of BTV in Europe, Southeastern USA, Australia and Asia, EHDV in North Africa, the Middle East and the Mediterranean region, AHSV in sub-Saharan Africa, and EEV in Israel and Gambia, indicate a need for the development of faster, more sensitive and more reliable diagnostic assays. These are required to detect and identify rapidly the viruses and virus types involved, monitor their incidence and movement, and identify infected animals. The Orbivirus genome is composed of 10 linear segments of double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA), each segment coding for at least one viral protein. The outer capsid proteins VP2 and VP5 are situated on or near the surface of the virus particle and are more variable than components of the virus core, or the non-structural proteins. VP2 (encoded by Seg- 2) is the outermost of the BTV capsid proteins and represents the primary target antigen for neutralising antibodies, and hence Seg-2 is a target for the development of type-specific nucleic-acid-based diagnostic assays. In contrast, the genome segments coding for protein components of the virus core and/or the non-structural proteins can be used as targets for development of serogroup (virus-species) specific, reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic assays. Virus species-specific and type-specific conventional (gel based) RT-PCR diagnostic assays, for the detection, identification and typing of some of these viruses (BTV, EHDV and AHSV), have been developed using the sequence data for segments 7 and 2, respectively. Initial evaluation studies indicate that these assays are reliable, specific, do not cross-react with related orbiviruses (group/species specific) or with related types (type specific). Although they are labour intensive, the results obtained can be confirmed by sequence analyses of the resulting complementary deoxyribonucleic acid complementary (c) DNA amplicons, and phylogenetic comparisons to determine the strain of virus involved. However, conventional RT-PCR assays are prone to cross-contamination, potentially leading to false positive results. The authors also describe group-specific real-time RT-PCR assays that use a ‘closed-tube’ format, which are therefore less susceptible to cross-contamination. These assays target the conserved genome segment 9, or genome segment 1, which can be used to detect all of the serotypes, as well as geographic variants (different topotypes) of BTV, EHDV, AHSV, EEV and PHSV. Type-specific real-time RT-PCR assays that target the most variable genome segment 2 can be used to differentiate 25 serotypes of BTV or the seven serotypes of EHDV. These diagnostic assays were found to be very sensitive, reproducible and suitable for rapid screening of field samples. Results will be presented from studies to optimise these RT-PCR assays.
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Morris, Heather, Melissa Savaglio, Nick Halfpenny, Renee O’Donnell, Alesia Pileggi, Andrea Dunbar, Robyn Miller, and Helen Skouteris. "MacKillop Family Services’ Family Preservation and Reunification Response for Vulnerable Families—Protocol for an Effectiveness-Implementation Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910279.
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International evidence supports the effect of intensive family preservation and reunification services in preventing children’s placement in out-of-home care (OOHC). Evidence within Australia is scarce. This protocol paper describes a hybrid effectiveness-implementation evaluation of the Victorian Family Preservation and Reunification (FPR) Response implemented by MacKillop Family Services. Participants include families engaged in the program and staff involved in program delivery. A pre-post study design will be used to assess the effectiveness of the FPR in improving family outcomes from intake to closure, including: (i) parenting knowledge, skills, and capability; (ii) family safety and home environment; (iii) child development, adolescent behaviour, education attendance and attachment; (iv) connection to services; and (v) prevention of children from entering or re-entering OOHC. Interviews and focus groups will be conducted with staff to evaluate the program’s fidelity, reach, feasibility, acceptability, and enablers and barriers to implementation. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics and a series of paired-samples t-tests and F tests to examine changes in outcomes over time; thematic analysis will be used for qualitative data. If the FPR can yield significant improvements in families’ outcomes, this would provide strong support for its scale-up across Australia, to better support vulnerable families.
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Barratt-Pugh, Caroline, and Mary Rohl. "Evaluation of Family Literacy Programs: A Case Study of Better Beginnings, a Library-Initiated Family Literacy Bookgifting Program in Western Australia." Library Trends 65, no. 1 (2016): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lib.2016.0019.
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