Journal articles on the topic 'Family experience of ADHD'
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김형숙. "Rearing experience of mothers having children with ADHD based grounded theory." Family and Culture 19, no. 4 (December 2007): 193–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.21478/family.19.4.200712.007.
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Efron, Daryl, Michell Wijaya, Philip Hazell, and Emma Sciberras. "Peer Victimization in Children With ADHD: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study." Journal of Attention Disorders 25, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718796287.
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Objectives: To investigate (a) whether children with ADHD experience higher levels of overt and relational peer victimization (PV) than children without ADHD and (b) child, family, and school predictors of PV in children with ADHD. Method: 173 children with ADHD and 199 non-ADHD controls were recruited through 43 Melbourne schools at mean age 7.3 years. Parent- and teacher-reported PV (Social Experience Questionnaire) data were collected at mean age 8.9 years. Potential child, family, and school predictors of PV were measured at baseline. Results: Children with ADHD experienced higher levels of PV than children without ADHD by both parent- and teacher-report. Child predictors accounted for the greatest variance in PV, and the strongest predictors of PV were teacher-reported conduct problems, and medication use. Conclusion: Children with ADHD are at higher risk of PV compared with non-ADHD controls. Recognizing and addressing PV is important to reduce additional impairment in children with ADHD.
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Liu, Tai-Ling, Ray C. Hsiao, Wen-Jiun Chou, and Cheng-Fang Yen. "Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Roles of Bullying Involvement, Frustration Intolerance, and Hostility." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 7829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157829.
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This study examined the relationships of cyberbullying and traditional bullying victimization and perpetration, perceived family function, frustration discomfort, and hostility with self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescents diagnosed as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both the self-reported severity of depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the occurrence of suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt on the suicidality module of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia were assessed in 195 adolescents with ADHD. The adolescents completed the Cyberbullying Experiences Questionnaire, Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire, Frustration–Discomfort Scale, Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory, and Family APGAR Index. Caregivers completed the ADHD problems component of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the correlates for each of self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality. The results showed that after the effects of gender, age, ADHD symptoms, and family function were controlled, greater frustration discomfort and bullying perpetration significantly predicted self-reported depressive symptoms. Being cyberbullying victims and displaying hostility significantly predicted the risk of suicidality. Various types of bullying involvement, frustration intolerance, and hostility significantly predicted self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescents with ADHD. By monitoring and intervening in these factors, we can reduce the risk of depression-related problems and suicidality in adolescents with ADHD.
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Reyes, Pablo, Pablo Cottet, Alvaro Jimenez, and Gabriela Jauregui. "Rethinking medicalization: discursive positions of children and their caregivers on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in Chile." Saúde e Sociedade 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902019181141.
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Abstract The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have traditionally been approached from the perspective of the “medicalization processes” of children’s behaviour. However, this perspective tends to overlook the meanings of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD for children and their caregivers. The purpose of this article is to describe the discursive positions of children and their caregivers on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven Chilean children and their caregivers. The material was analysed following the procedures of the discourse structure analysis. A discursive structure was identified that configures four emerging realities: the myth of origin of the child’s behaviour and learning problems; the ambivalences in/of medicalization; the process of identity (dis)stabilization under diagnosis and treatment; and the subversion of medicalization. It is observed that the subjective experience of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD is not homogeneous, since different discursive positions, family and institutional understandings that enter into conflict cross it. The experiences of ADHD are shaped by discursive structures that condition the meanings of this experience. The medicalization process is not univocal, but can take different forms and have consequences on children’s experiences and social trajectories.
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Clay, Daniel, Karen Farris, Ann Marie McCarthy, Michael W. Kelly, and Robyn Howarth. "Family Perceptions of Medication Administration at School: Errors, Risk Factors, and Consequences." Journal of School Nursing 24, no. 2 (April 2008): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405080240020801.
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Medications are administered every day in schools across the country. Researchers and clinicians have studied school nurses’ and educators’ experiences with medication administration, but not the experiences of children or their parents. This study examined medication administration from the child and parent perspectives to (a) determine problems children experience with medicines at school, (b) clarify risk factors for medication errors, and (c) examine the perceived impact of medication errors on school performance and social relationships. Participants included children ages 8 to 18 years ( n = 157) being treated at a large Midwestern Children’s Hospital in diabetes, asthma, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) clinics. Findings suggest that forgetting a dose and running out of medication were the most common problems. Missing a dose was more frequent in students with ADHD than in students with diabetes or asthma. Medication nonadherence at school, which includes medication administration errors such as missing a dose, may potentially lead to a variety of educational, social/emotional, and physical consequences. These results indicate that the impact of missing medication on children with ADHD appeared to have a greater effect on schoolwork and friendships, while the physical consequences appeared to vary widely based on health condition. Interestingly, children with more self-responsibility for medications were less likely to report medication errors. School nurses will want to include students when planning for medication management at school.
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Ben-Naim, Shiri, Noam Gill, Roni Laslo-Roth, and Michal Einav. "Parental Stress and Parental Self-Efficacy as Mediators of the Association Between Children’s ADHD and Marital Satisfaction." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 5 (July 9, 2018): 506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718784659.
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Parents of children with ADHD often experience low marital satisfaction, since the child’s increased susceptibility to maladjustment can affect family dynamics as a whole. Objectives: To explore this association by examining parental stress and parental self-efficacy as two possible mediators. Method: Totally, 182 Israeli parents of children in the first to ninth grades (63 parents of children with ADHD and 119 without) completed parental self-efficacy, marital satisfaction, and parental stress questionnaires. Results: As expected, parents of children with ADHD reported higher parental stress, and lower self-efficacy and marital satisfaction than non-ADHD parents. The association between ADHD parents and marital satisfaction was fully explained by parental stress and self-efficacy, suggesting that personal characteristics and situation appraisal are tapped when facing strain and hardship. Conclusion: These findings provide a window of hope for an otherwise deterministic view of the ADHD-marital dissolution relationship and propose individual and familial interventions that may minimize these damaging effects.
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Moen, Øyfrid Larsen, Marie Louise Hall-Lord, and Birgitta Hedelin. "Contending and Adapting Every Day." Journal of Family Nursing 17, no. 4 (November 2011): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074840711423924.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders, and little attention has been paid to the parents and their experiences. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the Norwegian parents’ lived experiences of having a child with an ADHD diagnosis. A descriptive design using phenomenological approach was chosen as the research method. Individual qualitative interviews with nine parents, who were members of the ADHD Association, were conducted. The interviews were analyzed according to Colaizzi’s method. The essential structure of the parents’ experiences was Contending and Adapting Every Day—Windsurfing in unpredictable waters which was embedded in the interrelated main themes: Maintaining the Self and Parenthood, and Interacting With the Surrounding World. Being the parent of a child with ADHD is a demanding situation. Nurses need to address the needs of these parents and focus on the family unit.
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Garcia, E., E. Guerrero, I. Vicente, and R. Martinez. "Parental group therapy & conduct disorders." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1244.
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Conduct disorders are common between ADHD, some series has shown that even almost 40% of patients develop some of the two main diagnosis: ODD or CD.That comorbidity between ADHD and ODD or CD has made that treatment become complex and requires different interventions.One field of treatment has been parental functioning.It has been common that reward or punishment as two effective strategies modulate familiar interactions when they are referred to AHD sons.However, in a long time, they failed to improve functioning, and frustration appears.Attachment somehow is been hidden behind diagnosis and treatment, and family stop its evolution repeating wrong strategies.Group therapy is a well-known tool that may help with this dysfunction in two ways: psychoeducation and debriefing.The aim of this work is to resume our experience working with parents in a group therapy model.We have found that affective symptoms are common between parents, ant that they difficult parenting strategies.Taking that into account we promoted emotional expression using debriefing groups as model, before introducing psychoeducational issues.Our hypothesis is that change is not possible if there is not a corrective attachment experience that let parents recover their role.We use it as a complementary tool to family and individual therapy.We will explain this model and its results based in therapists’ and patients’ experiences using open interviews.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ozdemir, Nurgul, and Kubra Abaci Erginyavuz. "Being a mother of children with ADHD and the problems it causes to mothers." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i1.4195.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in the childhood period. In the children, the symptoms of this disorder are reluctance to tasks that require attention, disorganisation, losing things frequently, forgetting homework, restlessness, being unable to wait their turn and so on. Those children, who are hyperactive, impulsive and distracted, might experience severe problems in their relationship with their families, parents, peers and friends. Compared to the parents of normal children, the parents of children with ADHD, especially the mothers who play a more active role in child care, are more likely to suffer from stress, anxiety and depression in the course of time. Therefore, in order to protect family functionality and provide a healthy communication between the parents and the child, it is crucial to raise parents’, in particular mothers’, awareness on ADHD and its treatment for the evaluation of parents’ psychological state and referring them to a specialist, if necessary.
Keywords: ADHD, child, mother, psychological problems, psychiatric nursing.
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Chou, Wen-Jiun, Ray C. Hsiao, Chih-Cheng Chang, and Cheng-Fang Yen. "Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A One-Year Follow-Up Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 8835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168835.
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This 1-year follow-up study examined the predictive values of the demographics, depressive symptoms, stress-coping orientations, and perceived family support of caregivers as well as the internalizing, externalizing and ADHD symptoms of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at baseline on the depressive symptoms of the caregivers after 1 year. A total of four hundred caregivers of children with ADHD were recruited. The baseline levels of the caregivers’ depressive symptoms, stress-coping orientations, and perceived family support and the internalizing and externalizing problems of the children were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve Index, and the Child Behavior Checklist For Ages 6–18, respectively. Their predictions for the caregiver’s depressive symptoms 1 year after the baseline were examined using linear regression analysis. In total, 382 caregivers of children with ADHD underwent the follow-up assessment 1 year from the baseline. A marital status of being separated or divorced, less effective coping and depressive symptoms orientation, and children with internalizing problems and ADHD symptoms at baseline were positively associated with the caregivers’ depressive symptoms at follow-up, whereas the caregivers’ perceived family support and an emotion-focused coping orientation at baseline were negatively associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. Multiple characteristics of the caregivers and children with ADHD at baseline predicted the caregivers’ depressive symptoms 1 year later.
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Ziesing-Clark, Sian. "Confusion, Heartache and Tears: Some Mother's Experiences of Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 23, no. 2 (June 1998): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919802300207.
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This article reports on some findings of a qualitative research study that interviewed mothers whose children had been diagnosed with ADHD in early childhood. In the study the mothers reflect on their experiences of the disorder as their children move through adolescence. Some current research indicates that ADHD is a disorder characterised by some structural or chemically based neurotransmitter problem in the nervous system. This study found that the mothers experienced feelings of guilt, anxiety, exhaustion, and isolation as they battled alone to meet the demands of all the family, including the child diagnosed with ADHD. The findings of the research concluded that early diagnosis combined with early positive intervention and support are essential to improving the outcomes for these vulnerable children and their families—especially the mothers.
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Thomas, Simone, Kate Lycett, Nicole Papadopoulos, Emma Sciberras, and Nicole Rinehart. "Exploring Behavioral Sleep Problems in Children With ADHD and Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Attention Disorders 22, no. 10 (December 4, 2015): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715613439.
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Objective: This study (a) compared behavioral sleep problems in children with comorbid ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with those with ADHD and (b) examined child/family factors associated with sleep problems. Method: Cross-sectional study comparison of 392 children with a confirmed ADHD diagnosis (ADHD+ASD, n=93, ADHD, n=299) recruited from 21 peadiatric practises in Victoria, Australia. Data were collected from parents. Key measures included the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Results: Children with ADHD + ASD experienced similar levels and types of behavioral sleep problems compared with those with ADHD. In both groups, the presence of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing comorbidities was associated with sleep problems. Sleep problems were also associated with parent age in the ADHD + ASD group and poorer parent mental health in the ADHD group. Conclusion: Findings suggest comorbid ASD is not associated with increased behavioral sleep problems in children with ADHD and that co-occurring internalizing and externalizing comorbidities may flag children in these groups with sleep problems.
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Galéra, Cédric, Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, Emmanuel Lagarde, Grégory Michel, Evelyne Touchette, Eric Fombonne, and Maria Melchior. "Childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status in adulthood: 18-year follow-up." British Journal of Psychiatry 201, no. 1 (July 2012): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.102491.
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BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with socioeconomic difficulties later in life. Little research in this area has been based on longitudinal and community studies.AimsTo examine the relationship between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status 18 years later.MethodUsing a French community sample of 1103 youths followed from 1991 to 2009, we tested associations between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status between ages 22 and 35 years, adjusting for potential childhood and family confounders.ResultsIndividuals with high levels of childhood attention problems were three times more likely to experience subsequent socioeconomic disadvantage than those with low levels of attention problems (odds ratio 3.44, 95% CI 1.72–6.92). This association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for childhood externalising problems, low family income, parental divorce and parental alcohol problems.ConclusionsThis longitudinal community-based study shows an association between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic disadvantage in adulthood. Taking into account ADHD and associated difficulties could help reduce the long-term socioeconomic burden of the disorder.
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Molina, Brooke S. G., Elizabeth M. Gnagy, Heather M. Joseph, and William E. Pelham. "Antisocial Alcoholism in Parents of Adolescents and Young Adults With Childhood ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 9 (November 27, 2016): 1295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716680074.
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Objective: Test the hypothesis that alcoholism, including antisocial alcoholism, is more prevalent among mothers and fathers of children with versus without ADHD. Method: Mothers (312 ADHD group, 235 non-ADHD group) and fathers (291 ADHD group, 227 non-ADHD group) in the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study were interviewed along with their adolescent and young adult offspring. Results: Maternal and paternal alcoholism, with and without comorbid antisociality, was more prevalent in the ADHD group. Paternal alcoholism without antisociality was only marginally higher for probands after controlling for paternal ADHD. Offspring conduct disorder comorbidity was associated with parental antisociality but not parental antisocial alcoholism. Conclusion: Our findings that 44% of proband fathers and 25% of proband mothers experienced alcohol problems with or without antisociality are further evidence of increased alcoholism prevalence in families affected by ADHD. Maternal alcoholism and antisociality are prominent contributors to this family-level vulnerability. These findings indicate the need to assess long-term offspring outcomes as a function of parental alcohol and externalizing comorbidities, and perhaps other indicators of parental alcoholism phenotype, as familial vulnerability unfolds across development.
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Sundarlall, Ravindra, Debbie Van der Westhuizen, and Lizelle Fletcher. "The functioning and behaviour of biological parents of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, attending the outpatient department at Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria." South African Journal of Psychiatry 22, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v22i1.836.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) is gradually being acknowledged as a functionally impairing disorder across the lifespan, underscored by heritability. Nonetheless, lack of ADHD (adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) data from South Africa is alarming which could be due to either the unawareness of ADHD symptoms or underutilization of available screening measures. Undiagnosed ADHD may influence family- and working lives unpleasantly. Parenting a child with ADHD may intensify parental stress through functional impairment notwithstanding the diagnosis of ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Eighty-one biological parents of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder were screened using self-reporting measurements. ADHD self-report scale (ASRS-V 1.1) identified either positive or negative subgroups; the Weiss functional impairment rating scale (WFIR-S) for functional impairment and the Jerome driving questionnaire (JDQ) for risk-taking behaviour specifically driving.</p><p><strong> Results:</strong> Of the 39 (48%) parents who experienced impairment in all seven areas of functioning, 23 (59%) screened negative for ADHD, while 16 (41%) screened positive. A significant association was found between parents who screened either positive or negative for ADHD and functional impairment across five of the seven individual categories namely family, work, self-concept, life-skills and social functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study emphasized the high incidence of functional impairment in parents of ADHD children. Although a substantial number of parents screened negative for ADHD, they still reported impairment in functioning; probably due to undiagnosed ADHD with comorbid psychiatric disorders, and/or parental stress due to the complex behaviour of the child. Parents of children diagnosed with ADHD should be screened for functional impairment followed by referral for psychiatric assessment and parent management training to achieve better clinical outcomes.</p>
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Chu, Sidney, and Frances Reynolds. "Occupational Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part 1: A Delineation Model of Practice." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 70, no. 9 (September 2007): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260707000902.
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An occupational therapy delineation model of practice is presented, which guides a multidimensional understanding of the psychopathology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its management. Previous research has established that occupational therapists lack detailed training or theory in this field. The delineation model of practice is based on a literature review, clinical experience and a consensus study carried out with occupational therapists to determine their priorities for the evaluation of, and intervention with, children with ADHD. Part 1 of this article presents the model and examines its implications for evaluation and intervention at the levels of child, task and environment. A family-centred assessment and treatment package, based on the delineation model, is described. Part 2 of this article will report the results of a multicentre study, which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of this package.
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Shah, R., A. Sharma, S. Grover, N. Chauhan, and S. Jhanda. "Parenting a Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Qualitative Study from a Developing Nation, India." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.190.
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IntroductionLike elsewhere, studies from developing countries suggest that parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report significant stress. Besides symptoms, parental stress stems from experiences in interpersonal, schooling and societal domains, which may in turn be influenced by socio-cultural factors. This is a highly under-studied area.Objectives and aimsExploring experiences in familial, schooling and societal areas amongst Indian parents and understanding these in a cultural context using experiential qualitative research methodology.MethodsIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with consenting parents of 27 children diagnosed with ADHD (17 mothers; 10 fathers).ResultsAll parents reported experiencing moderate to high degree of stress, feeling worried and frustrated due to child's problems. 19 parents reported being “short-tempered”, while 1 mother expressed feeling “lost”. Majority reported strained relations with spouse and extended family. Mothers reported higher stress, more difficulties in family life, faced criticism from immediate family and community regarding handling of child, felt more embarrassment, guilt and sense of failure as a mother. Half of the parents avoided attending social gatherings. Other than 2 parents, all had negative experiences with schooling. Experiential descriptions included those of teachers being highly critical of child and parents, punitive, dismissive and discriminatory. Teacher had advised seeking treatment in only 6 children. Themes of blame, discrimination and rejection were identified.ConclusionsWe conclude that cultural factors such as stigma, blaming of parent (especially mother) and lack of knowledge regarding ADHD amongst teachers and society may be responsible for these experiences and needs further investigation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Almagor, D., L. W. Joseph, R. Ansari, and S. Subramaniam. "Gender differences and age of diagnosis in ADHD." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71972-1.
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IntroductionFemale patients tend to be more often diagnosed with ADHD inattentive subtype. Many of these females deny an earlier childhood history of hyperactivity or disruptive behaviours and hence may have been clinically overlooked in childhood, while their male counterparts may have presented with ADHD combined subtype which tends to be more easily identified and diagnosed.ObjectivesParticipants will learn about gender differences in ADHD diagnosis and epidemiology.AimsTo examine gender differences in the age of first diagnosis of ADHD in a clinical population.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 118 males and 61 females (ages 17–69). Each patient was evaluated and diagnosed by an experienced psychiatrist. Clinical measures (administered by a trained psychometrist) included the CAARS (self and observer versions), BRIEF (self and informant versions), CAADID (history and structured interview), ASRS, CPT, Beck Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventories. Patients were referred by family physicians to a large out-patient metropolitan psychiatry program specializing in ADHD. Information regarding childhood diagnosis was collected retrospectively during the clinical interview.ResultsIn this study the mean age of diagnosis (ADHD) for males was 31.2 years versus 32.1 for females. Neither t-test (p = 0.44) nor non-parametric testing using Mann-Whitney U Test (p = 0.67) showed any statistical differences between the two groups.ConclusionsIn the present study there were no difference in the mean age of first diagnosis between male and female subjects. In the present study Further studies are needed to clarify this question. Selection factor may have been a factor in these results.
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Harvey, Elizabeth A., Lindsay A. Metcalfe, Sharonne D. Herbert, and John H. Fanton. "The role of family experiences and ADHD in the early development of oppositional defiant disorder." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 79, no. 6 (2011): 784–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025672.
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Carr-Fanning, K., and C. Mc Guckin. "The powerless or the empowered? Stakeholders’ experiences of diagnosis and treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Ireland." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 35, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2018.13.
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IntroductionIn Ireland, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed condition in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). However, little is known about the experiences of stakeholders affected by ADHD in their pathways through care, especially in Ireland.ObjectivesThe aim of this stakeholder voice study was to explore stress and coping among parents and Children and Young People (C/YP) affected by ADHD in an Irish context, in order to contribute to knowledge about what works and what needs to change in practice from a service user perspective.MethodsIn total, 15 C/YP (7–18 years) with ADHD and their parents participated in semi-structured interviews, which were triangulated using other sources (e.g. visual methods), to contribute to a highly contextualised understanding of lived experiences. Transcribed interviews were analysed using a deductive approach to Thematic Analysis informed by a theoretical framework of stress and coping theory and Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model.ResultsSome degree of difficulty in their pathway through care was identified by participants in all case studies. Findings identified barriers to diagnosis, including delays in diagnosis, such as scepticism, stigma, and label avoidance from gatekeepers; poor multiagency working; and misdiagnosis. Once received, diagnosis may serve as an access to empowerment, providing knowledge, understanding, and support. However, C/YP and their parents also reported distressing experiences and a sense of powerlessness within CAMHS and with treatment; such as tensions around medical management, stigma, and a lack of child- and family-centred practice.ConclusionsDespite the professionals and the systematic supports available, stakeholders did not feel that they were fully understood, listened to, or participants in accessing diagnosis and care planning.
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Shylina, Nataliia. "The problem of training children with special educational needs in both family and educational institutions." Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, no. 3 (128) (October 31, 2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2019-3-6.
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The article is devoted to the problem of inclusive education, namely, education and upbringing in both family and preschool institutions. The author analyzes the domestic and foreign experience of working with children with special educational needs. The following approaches are described: expanding access to education (its main goal is to expand educational opportunities for people with mental and physical disabilities, ethnic minorities, and people from disadvantaged sections of society), mainstreaming (this approach implies that children with disabilities communicate with their peers on holidays, during their leisure time), integration (means bringing the needs of children with mental and physical disorders into line with the habitual traditional education system), and inclusiveness (it is such an educational activity when people with limitations and needs can be trained together with people without any disabilities). The program for helping children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is used in educational institutions in Norway, is considered; it includes the following: technology for the dissemination of knowledge among parents and professionals, inclusive education technology for children with different developmental abnormalities (ADHD, Turrett syndrome, Asperger syndrome, mental retardation) in the system of general education, technology for diagnosing ADHD varieties and comorbid disorders. The term “tutoring: has been defined and the importance of education in the system of inclusive education has been revealed. The main ideas of Russian scientists about inclusive education have been characterized: the ideas represented by S. V. Alyohina, O. R. Yarskaya-Smirnova, V. P. Hudonis, T. O. Dobrovolskaya, M. M. Malofeev. The main researches of Ukrainian scientists (M. Malofeyev, V. Sinov, M. Sheremet, L. Andrushko, V. Bondar, A. Kolupayev, T. Yevtukhova, V. Lyashenko, I. Ivanov, O. Savchenko, M. Svarnyk, O. Stolyarenko, A. Shevchuk and others) have been analyzed. A survey aimed at revealing parents’ attitude towards the problem of raising children with special needs has been conducted. The urgency of family education of children with special educational needs has been substantiated. A number of socio-pedagogical problems related to the functioning of families with special children in society have been determined. Keywords: inclusive education, education of children with special educational needs, tutor, family education, extended access to education, mainstreaming, integration, inclusion.
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González Gómez, Carla, Ignasi Navarro Soria, Salvador Grau Company, Ana Galipienso Rico, and Francisco Fernández Carrasco. "ESTRATEGIAS DE OPTIMIZACIÓN DE ALUMNADO CON TRASTORNO POR DÉFICIT DE ATENCIÓN E HIPERACTIVIDAD TDA-H." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v7.779.
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Abstract.OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES FOR STUDENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ADHDThe ADHD is a disorder of biological origin with neurological basis that greatly affects the behavior, attention, learning and that is often associated with impulsivity and/or hyperactivity. It is a developmental disorder that involves a behavioral alteration whose main symptom is neglect, a greater risk of school failure, behavior problems and difficulties in social and family relationships. Its prevalence is high, it is estimated between 3 and 7% of the school population (DSM-IV-TR, 2001) .The diagnosis must be made by a physician with training and experience in the diagnosis of the ADHD and its comorbidities. The psycho-educational evaluation is essential, because it can assess the relational difficulties, emotional, academic, i.e. the psycho-educational needs arising, in order to establish goals of psycho-educational intervention that deaden the characteristic symptoms of the disorder. The most effective intervention, the most comprehensive assessment and diagnosis more accurate, in most cases, is the product of the cooperative work of a team of professionals of a multidisciplinary nature, in a close collaboration with the family of the child affected by ADHD. From the psycho-educative approach, intervention should be framed within the family context-social and educational.Keywords: Strategies, optimization, disorder of attention, hyperactivity.Resumen.El TDA-H es un trastorno de origen biológico con base neurológica que afecta en gran medida al comportamiento, la atención, el aprendizaje y que se asocia con frecuencia a impulsividad y/o hiperactividad. Se trata de un trastorno del desarrollo que conlleva una alteración conductual cuyo síntoma principal es la desatención, un mayor riesgo de fracaso escolar, problemas de comportamiento y dificultades en las relaciones sociales y familiares. Su prevalencia es elevada, se estima entre un 3 y un 7% de la población escolar (DSM-IV-TR, 2001). Su diagnóstico debe realizarse por un facultativo con entrenamiento y experiencia en el diagnóstico del TDA-H y sus comorbilidades. La evaluación psicopedagógica es imprescindible, puesto que con ella se puede valorar las dificultades relacionales, afectivas, académicas, es decir, las necesidades psicoeducativas derivadas, con el fin de establecer objetivos de intervención psicoeducativa que amortigüen los síntomas característicos del trastorno. La intervención más eficaz, la evaluación más completa y el diagnóstico más acertado, en la mayoría de los casos, es el producto del trabajo cooperativo de un equipo de profesionales de carácter multidisciplinar, en una estrecha colaboración con la familia del menor afectado por TDA-H. Desde el enfoque psicoeducativo, la intervención debe encuadrarse dentro del contexto familiar-social y educativo.Palabras clave: estrategias, optimización, trastorno de atención, hiperactividad.
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Yılmaz, Seheryeli, and Osman Sabuncuoglu. "Life in Family Buildings as a unique environment in Turkey." Mental Illness 11, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi.2019.7884.
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Family building (FB) is a building where residents of different flats are close relatives. Being quite common in metropolitan areas, these unique psychosocial environments remain underexamined. We aimed to research into the interactions within the family and psychosocial features of FBs. One hundred and one children living in FBs and FB-experiences of their parents were assessed by semi-structured interviews using K-SADS-PL. Mothers scored their satisfaction from FB-lifestyle in the scale of 0-100. The sample consisted of 35 girls and 66 boys. Mean age was 108±37.4 months. ADHD and anxiety disorders were the common diagnoses. Eighty-two families lived with paternal relatives. Number of relative-neighbors in the building changed between 2-10. Forty-one mothers scored ?50 for their satisfaction; 58% believed FBs affected their children's symptoms negatively. Examining the perceived advantages and disadvantages of FBs, ‘extreme criticism' and ‘social support' were the decisive items to predict mothers' satisfaction levels. Having both positive and negative effects, FB-lifestyle seem to complicate interpersonal relations within the family. This study has revealed some preliminary findings, but further studies are required in the field.
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Niemelä, Solja, Teemu Peltonen, Jari Koskela, Antti Mustonen, Jouko Miettunen, and Tuula Hurtig. "S93. ADHD SYMPTOMS AND DAILY SMOKING AT AGE 15–16 YEARS AND PSYCHOTIC DISORDER IN EARLY ADULTHOOD. FINDINGS FROM THE NORTHERN FINLAND BIRTH COHORT 1986 STUDY." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.159.
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Abstract Background Association between smoking with both ADHD(1) and psychosis(2) has been explained by self-medication of ADHD and psychotic symptoms with nicotine use(3). Persons with psychosis also share impairments with persons with ADHD: e.g. inattention is a feature of both of these disorders(3). Aim of this study was to investigate the association between ADHD symptoms and adolescent smoking in relation to psychotic disorder in young adulthood. Methods The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study includes 99% of all births (n=9432) in the region. Participants with information on ADHD symptoms and daily smoking at age 15–16 years were included (n=5858, 48,7% male, 62.1% of the original study population). ADHD symptoms were evaluated by parents, who filled in the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviors (SWAN) questionnaire. SWAN comprises ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactive-impulsive, combined) rated from 3 (far below average) to -3 (far above average). Information on psychiatric diagnoses was collected from four national registries until the end of year 2016. Associations between daily smoking and ADHD symptoms were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Sex, family structure, frequent alcohol intoxication, illicit drug use, and psychotic experiences at age 15–16 years were used as covariates. Analyses were done separately according to the psychiatric diagnosis status at age 30–31 years: no psychiatric diagnosis; any psychiatric diagnosis other than psychosis; any psychotic disorder. Results Among participants with psychotic disorder (n=119), daily smokers had higher inattention mean scores compared to non-smokers (-6.5 vs. 0.03, p-value=0.001, effect size (es)=0.8). Among those without psychiatric disorders (n=4618), daily smokers had higher scores in all SWAN domains compared to non-smokers: inattention (-8.9 vs. -3.6, p-value<0.001, es=0.6); hyperactive-impulsive (-13.3 vs. -8.8, p<0.001, es=0.5); and combined (-22.2 vs. -12.5, p<0.001, es=0.6). Respectively, also daily smokers with any psychiatric disorder other than psychosis (n=1121) had higher scores in all SWAN domains: inattention (-7.0 vs. -2.1, p<0.001, es=0.5); hyperactive-impulsive (-11.6 vs. -7.0, p<0.001, es=0.5); and combined (-18.6 vs. 9.1, p<0.001, es=0.5). Within psychosis group, daily smoking associated only with inattention symptoms (standardized beta-coefficient (sbc)=0.38 p=0.004) in the multiple linear regression. Among those without psychiatric disorders, and among those with psychiatric disorders other than psychosis, daily smoking associated with all SWAN symptom domains. The respective figures were for inattention (sbc=0.14, p<0.001; sbc=0.12, p=0.001); for hyperactive-impulsive (sbc=0.11, p<0.001; sbc=0.12, p=0.001); and for combined (sbc=0.14, p<0.001; sbc=0.13, p<0.001). Discussion In adolescence, the relationship between inattention problems and daily smoking was remarkable among participants with subsequent psychotic disorder. Vulnerability to smoking among adolescents at risk for psychosis may be explained by self-medication related to inattention problems. References
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Asbjornsdottir, Birna, Heiddis Snorradottir, Edda Andresdottir, Alessio Fasano, Bertrand Lauth, Larus S. Gudmundsson, Magnus Gottfredsson, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, and Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir. "Zonulin-Dependent Intestinal Permeability in Children Diagnosed with Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071982.
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Worldwide, up to 20% of children and adolescents experience mental disorders, which are the leading cause of disability in young people. Research shows that serum zonulin levels are associated with increased intestinal permeability (IP), affecting neural, hormonal, and immunological pathways. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize evidence from observational studies on IP in children diagnosed with mental disorders. The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search of the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, and the Web of Science identified 833 records. Only non-intervention (i.e., observational) studies in children (<18 years) diagnosed with mental disorders, including a relevant marker of intestinal permeability, were included. Five studies were selected, with the risk of bias assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Four articles were identified as strong and one as moderate, representing altogether 402 participants providing evidence on IP in children diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In ADHD, elevated serum zonulin levels were associated with impaired social functioning compared to controls. Children with ASD may be predisposed to impair intestinal barrier function, which may contribute to their symptoms and clinical outcome compared to controls. Children with ASD, who experience gastro-intestinal (GI) symptoms, seem to have an imbalance in their immune response. However, in children with OCD, serum zonulin levels were not significantly different compared to controls, but serum claudin-5, a transmembrane tight-junction protein, was significantly higher. A meta-analysis of mean zonulin plasma levels of patients and control groups revealed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.001), including the four studies evaluating the full spectrum of the zonulin peptide family. Therefore, further studies are required to better understand the complex role of barrier function, i.e., intestinal and blood–brain barrier, and of inflammation, to the pathophysiology in mental and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review was PROSPERO preregistered, (162208).
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Ansor, Muhammad. "Berbagi suami atas nama Tuhan: pengalaman keseharian perempuan dipoligami di Langsa." Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v14i1.41-63.
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This article explores how daily experience of the women living in the polygamous family in Langsa, Aceh. The primary argument proposed in this paper is that conflict, in fact, emerges from husband decision to practice polygamy in domestic life despite the belief of some women who accept that Islam countenances the practice of polygamy. The conflict sometimes arises among wives, between husband and the wives or among children of different wives. To prove such argument, the investigation of the daily experience of polygamous family such as the relation among the wives, household financial management, articulation of fairness on both physical and spiritual fulfilment, celebration of religious days (‘Idul Fitri and ‘Idul Adha), as well as upbringing of children was carried out during second semester of 2011. The data was collected through semi-structured interview, observation to the domestic life of the polygamous family, and documentation on divorce suit as a result of practiced polygamy. This study revealed that peaceful family (keluarga sakinah) as often regarded as one of the ultimate goals of marriage would never be attained through such practice.
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Porr, V. "Real Life Consequences of Stigmatization, Misdiagnosis, Misunderstanding, and Mistreatment of Borderline Personality Disorder." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S259—S260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.065.
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Undiagnosed and untreated people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) create a public health drain on mental health treatment. BPD underlies major public health problems including high incidence of substance abuse, alcoholism, domestic violence, impulse control disorders, incarceration, high utilization of emergency rooms and inpatient hospitalizations. Although BPD has a prevalence rate between 2–5.9%, it generally goes misdiagnosed, undiagnosed, stigmatized and mistreated. Amongst American veterans who are suicide attempters and completers, a recent study found 94% meet criteria for BPD. There is rampant professional stigma exists against BPD patients, seen as patients to be “avoided”, “treatment refractory,” “untreatable” and a “liability” due to increased risk of self-injurious and suicidal behavior. This is a contributing factor to misdiagnosis that is the usual experience for BPD patients, resulting in wasted years, hopelessness, chaos, family crises, and severe personal and economic consequences for patients and families. The need for assessing with validated diagnostic instruments to rule out or diagnose BPD, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, substance abuse and other co-morbid diagnoses as well as the need to diagnosis children and adolescents at the time symptoms first appear will be discussed. Presentation of the shockingly few studies on BPD versus Bipolar will be presented and the consequences of failing to diagnose will be highlighted. Findings from an on-line survey from TARA4BPD, an American education and advocacy organization, will demonstrate the need for clinical education in evidence based BPD treatments, training, and supervision as well as patient and family psycho-education so as to improve outcome will be presented.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Soole, Rebecca, Kairi Kõlves, and Diego De Leo. "Factors Related to Childhood Suicides." Crisis 35, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000267.
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Background: Suicide among children under the age of 15 years is a leading cause of death. Aims: The aim of the current study is to identify demographic, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors associated with child suicides. Method: Using external causes of deaths recorded in the Queensland Child Death Register, a case-control study design was applied. Cases were suicides of children (10–14 years) and adolescents (15–17 years); controls were other external causes of death in the same age band. Results: Between 2004 and 2012, 149 suicides were recorded: 34 of children aged 10–14 years and 115 of adolescents aged 15–17 years. The gender asymmetry was less evident in child suicides and suicides were significantly more prevalent in indigenous children. Children residing in remote areas were significantly more likely to die by suicide than other external causes compared with children in metropolitan areas. Types of precipitating events differed between children and adolescents, with children more likely to experience family problems. Disorders usually diagnosed during infancy, childhood, and adolescence (e.g., ADHD) were significantly more common among children compared with adolescents who died by suicide. Conclusion: Psychosocial and environmental aspects of children, in addition to mental health and behavioral difficulties, are important in the understanding of suicide in this age group and in the development of targeted suicide prevention.
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Cygan, Barbara. "Sensory processing disorder in children: Determinants, signs, and symptoms." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 567, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7278.
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Based on a review of recent publications, the paper offers an insight into the issue of sensory processing disorder (SPD), discusses its signs and symptoms, and gives examples of behaviors that can be seen in children with SPD. It points to the fact that sensory processing disorder can significantly hinder or even limit children's functioning in their social life, family, and school as it deprives them of experiences that are essential for learning and normal development. That is why it is important to diagnose the disorder early to implement treatment that will help to overcome and/or adapt to SPD. The problem of sensory processing disorder is important as more and more children are suffering from it. It should also be mentioned that it is frequently a comorbid condition, which co-occurs, for example, with autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and intellectual disability or develops in children at risk of developmental disorders (due to perinatal complications, cesarean section or prematurity).
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Ma, Joyce L. C., Kelly Y. C. Lai, E. S. F. Wan, and Lily L. L. Xia. "Multiple family therapy for Chinese families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): treatment efficacy from the children’s perspective and their subjective experiences." Journal of Family Therapy 41, no. 4 (September 9, 2018): 599–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12240.
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Radcliffe, Polly, Martha Canfield, Maggie Boreham, Sally Marlow, and Gail Gilchrist. "How to capture the experience of mothers with alcohol problems involved in English family court proceedings – lessons from the field." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 13, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-11-2019-0015.
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Purpose It proved difficult to recruit sufficient mothers to a prospective cohort study designed to explore the factors and characteristics of mothers whose children are the subject of the public care system as a result of their drinking, retaining or losing care of their children. In conducting interviews instead with social workers in six local authorities, the repurposed study aimed to explore their views of the barriers and facilitators to involving this “hard to reach” population of mothers in research at the beginning of care proceedings. Design/methodology/approach For this study, 36 semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with child and family social workers and social work managers located in six English local authorities. Transcripts were analysed using Nvivo and coded thematically. Findings Workforce issues and social work workload, court timescales and the additional burden that participating in research at a time of enormous stress for mothers were described as barriers to recruitment. Social workers suggested that the criteria for including participants could be widened to include mothers in pre-proceedings and that recruitment could take place via substance use services with whom mothers do not have an antagonistic relationship. Research limitations/implications The perspective of social work practitioners and not mothers themselves on barriers to engagement in research is a limitation of the study. Innovative and flexible research design is needed to include the participation of mothers whose alcohol use has led to court proceedings in research. Originality/value Few studies have investigated the barriers and facilitators to engaging mothers in research at the point that care proceedings have been issued. The re-purposed study highlighted the particular stresses on mothers and social workers and made recommendations for alternative strategies for recruiting these mothers and representing their experience in research.
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Rimal, HS, A. Pokharel, and V. Saha. "Study on Developmental- Behavioural Pediatrics Training Experiences of Pediatricians and Pediatric Trainees Working in Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 11, no. 3 (May 3, 2015): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i3.12502.
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Background There are growing concerns about developmental, behavioural, social and emotional wellbeing of children throughout the world. A huge gap exists between the instructions provided on medical disciplines and on areas of Developmental- Behavioural Pediatrics (DBP) during pediatric training in our region. Objective This study aims to evaluate the Developmental –Behavioural pediatrics (DBP) training experiences of pediatricians and pediatric trainees during their post graduate training in pediatrics. Methods Questionnaires were sent to the pediatricians / trainees and data was analyzed using SPSS software. Result More than 56 % of respondents were satisfied in 10 out of 11 medical disciplines where as more than 56% were unsatisfied in 10 out of 11 developmental behavioural pediatrics disciplines. This Study has demonstrated that between 50-60 % of pediatricians did not see the cases of ADHD, Learning difficulty and family dysfunction for a period of three months prior to the survey which are relatively common conditions. Even in post graduate training nearly 66 % of pediatricians were unsatisfied with their instructions in DB pediatrics. Conclusion Pediatricians working in Nepal have difficulties in addressing the issues of developmental pediatrics, raising a question about the need to review the curriculum of post graduate training in Pediatrics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i3.12502 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2013; 43(3):191-195
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Samad, Nandeeta, Pranta Das, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, James Boadu Frimpong, Joshua Okyere, John Elvis Hagan, Mohammad Hayatun Nabi, and Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader. "Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy Termination in Armenia: Evidence from Nationally-Representative Survey Data." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11020022.
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Intimate partner violence has been associated with numerous consequences for women, including pregnancy termination. This study examined the association between predictive capacity of intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination among women in Armenia. The study analyzed the 2015–16 Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) data on women aged 15–49 (Mean: 31.49; Standard Deviation, SD: 9.51). Marital control exercised by husbands, ever experienced physical violence, sexual violence, and emotional violence by husbands were the four indicators of intimate partner violence used in this study. To assess the association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination, a binary logistic regression model was fitted. After controlling for confounders, we found that women whose husbands exercised marital control were 26% more likely to experience pregnancy termination, compared to women whose husbands did not exercise marital control (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.26, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.53). Women who ever experienced sexual violence were about 10 times likely to experience pregnancy termination than women who did not experience sexual violence (aOR: 9.76, 95% CI: 1.91–49.96). Both ever experienced physical violence and emotional violence did not have any significant associations with pregnancy termination. Forms of intimate partner violence are associated with pregnancy termination. The findings of this study provide evidence for government and policymakers to formulate, modify, and implement policies and program that target both men and women regarding the prevailing intimate partner violence and its consequences. Strengthening the policy implementation will ensure that women are empowered to make decisions about their reproductive health. Making husbands and their family members aware of the basics and consequences of intimate partner violence and focusing on child cognitive development which can be hampered due to the prevalence violence in families are recommended.
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Kumsta, Robert, Jana Kreppner, Mark Kennedy, Nicky Knights, Michael Rutter, and Edmund Sonuga-Barke. "Psychological Consequences of Early Global Deprivation." European Psychologist 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000227.
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The English & Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study follows children who spent their first years of life in extremely depriving Romanian institutions before they were adopted by families in the UK. The ERA study constitutes a “natural experiment” that allows the examination of the effects of radical environmental change from a profoundly depriving institutional environment to an adoptive family home. The cohort has been assessed at ages 4, 6, 11, and 15 years, and has provided seminal insights into the effects of early global deprivation. The current paper focuses on the long-term psychological sequelae associated with deprivation experiences. These deprivation-specific problems (DSPs) constitute a striking pattern of behavioral impairments, in its core characterized by deficits in social cognition and behavior, as well as quasi-autistic features, often accompanied by cognitive impairment and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Possible moderating influences, including variations in family environment, pre-adoption characteristics, and genetic variation, will be discussed to answer the question why some individuals have prospered while others have struggled. Apart from findings on the moderating effect of variation in genes associated with serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling involving specific phenotypes, heterogeneity in outcome is largely unexplained. The review concludes with an outlook on currently ongoing and future research of the ERA study cohort, which involves the investigation of neurobiological and epigenetic mechanisms as possible mediators of the long-term effects of institutional deprivation.
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Hasenkamp, Janet. "ADHD in the Family." Brain & Life 16, no. 3 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nnn.0000669512.92414.cc.
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Niederhofer, H., B. Hackenberg, K. Lanzendorfer, W. Staffen, and A. Mair. "Family Coherence and ADHD." Psychological Reports 91, no. 1 (August 2002): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.123.
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A lack of perseverance, poor attention, and poorly modulated behaviour are important criteria of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Instructions often must be repeated, sometimes even by different family members, before a child with ADHD attends and complies. The hyperkinetic child might cause less disruption in families with high coherence. Families of 15 boys (aged 6 to 12 years) diagnosed with ADHD using the Mannheim Parent's Interview and the teacher's form of the Conners scale were compared with a matched healthy control group of 15 boys. Parents completed a form assessing the family's cooperation and child-rearing practices. Intrafamilial coherence seems to have little positive association with the family's characteristics, especially for boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Low coherence among family members may reduce ADHD symptoms and may have protective effects on children with ADHD.
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NIEDEKHOFE, H. "FAMILY COHERENCE AND ADHD." Psychological Reports 91, no. 5 (2002): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.91.5.123-126.
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Bools, Christopher N. "Family therapy for ADHD." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43, no. 4 (May 2002): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.t01-6-00044.
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Anastopoulos, Arthur D., Jennifer L. Sommer, and Nicole K. Schatz. "ADHD and family functioning." Current Attention Disorders Reports 1, no. 4 (November 24, 2009): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12618-009-0023-2.
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Skogens, Lisa, Ninive von Greiff, and Alain Topor. "Initiating and maintaining a recovery process – experiences of persons with dual diagnosis." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 11, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-09-2017-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the internal and social factors that persons with experience from severe mental illness and alcohol and other drugs problems, and who have received treatment for these problems, describe as important for initiating and maintaining a recovery process. Design/methodology/approach In total, 40 persons were interviewed and asked to describe factors they perceived as important for initiating and maintaining recovery. The software Nvivo was used to categorise data in internal and social factors with subcategories. Findings There is significant variation in how recovery emerged but involved in general having a proper social situation and finding meaning in life. Initially, the majority had a marginalised situation with need of assistance with housing, employment, financial and social support. Research limitations/implications The change process in the investigated group is interpreted as related to individual resources rather than belonging to a group defined as having “double trouble”. Practical implications The study implies that in addition to professional help to handle diagnosed problems, the group in focus also need support and interventions that address individual complex needs. Social implications Supporting activities/peer support seem to be important for those lacking support from family. At the same time, it is important to recognise the risk of being forced into a recovery identity which might lead to worsening the situation for those who do not fit into this. Originality/value By using the same design as in previous studies, comparisons with other groups are possible while still keeping the qualitative meaning of the investigated factors.
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Rothenberger, Aribert, and Veit Roessner. "Psychopharmacotherapy of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms within the Framework of Tourette Syndrome." Current Neuropharmacology 17, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x16666180828095131.
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: While Behavioral Therapy (BT) should be recommended as the first step in the treatment of OCD as well as TS, medication can be added for augmentation and in certain situations (e.g. family preference, BT not available or feasible) the priority may even reverse. This narrative review is given on the complexity of drug treatment in patients comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) and other tic problems. OCD with TS is a co-occurring combination of the two generally delimitable, but in detail, also overlapping disorders which wax and wane with time but have different courses as well as necessities and options of treatment. Distinct subtypes like “tic-related OCD” are questionable. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and tics are frequently associated (OCS in TS up to 90%, tics in OCD up to 37%). Sensory-motor phenomena like urges and just-right feelings reflect some behavioral overlap. The main additional psychopathologies are attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood problems and anxiety. Also, hair pulling disorder and skin picking disorder are related to OCD with TS. Hence, the assessment and drug treatment of its many psychopathological problems need high clinical experience, careful planning, and ongoing evaluation/adaptation. Drugs are able to reduce clinical symptoms but cannot cure the disorders, which should be treated in parallel in their own right; i.e. for OCD serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and for TS (tics), certain antipsychotics can be successfully prescribed. In cases of OCD with tics, when OCS responds only partially, an augmentation with antipsychotics (recommended: risperidone and aripiprazole) may improve OCS as well as tics. Also, the benzamide sulpiride, an atypical antipsychotics, may be beneficial in treating the combination of OCS, tics and anxious-depressive problems. : Probably, any additional psychopathologies of OCD might attenuate the effectiveness of SSRI on OCS; on the other hand, in cases of OCD with tics, SSRI may reduce not only OCS but also stress sensitivity and emotional problems and thus leading to better selfregulatory abilities, useful to improve tic suppression. : In sum, some clinical guidance can be given, but there remain many uncertainties because of a scarce database for psychopharmacotherapy in OCD with TS.
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Conlon, Kyle E., Carla G. Strassle, Doc Vinh, and Garrett Trout. "Family Management Styles and ADHD." Journal of Family Nursing 14, no. 2 (April 7, 2008): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074840708315673.
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Niederhofer, H., B. Hackenberg, and K. Lanzendörfer. "Family Conflict Tendency and ADHD." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (April 2004): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.577-580.
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A lack of perseverance, poor attention, and poorly modulated behaviour are important criteria of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). Instructions often have to be repeated, sometimes even by different family members before a child with ADHD attends and complies. We hypothesised that a child with ADHD might cause less disagreement in families with almost no conflicts. Responses to the Mannheim Parents Interview and teacher's form of the Conners scale completed by families of 15 boys (ages 6 to 12 years), diagnosed with ADHD were compared with those of a matched, healthy control group of 15 boys. Parents completed a form assessing the family's cooperation and child-rearing practices. Having few family conflicts, i.e., almost no Verbal Disagreement may reduce Physical Punishment and Anger and Disregard and augment the Openness to another's needs and, for that reason, have protective effects on children's behaviour modulation.
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STEIN, MARTIN T. "Go With Experience for ADHD." Family Practice News 37, no. 6 (March 2007): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(07)70373-0.
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Sciberras, Emma, Daryl Efron, and Alina Iser. "The Child’s Experience of ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 15, no. 4 (December 20, 2010): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054710361671.
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STEIN, MARTIN T. "Go With Experience for ADHD." Pediatric News 41, no. 3 (March 2007): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(07)70178-9.
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Haafkes, S., and I. Venema-Bos. "ADHD bij volwassenen." Huisarts en wetenschap 47, no. 3 (March 2004): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03084018.
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. "ADHD en persoonlijkheidsstoornissen." Huisarts en Wetenschap 48, no. 5 (May 2005): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03084404.
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Lecendreux, M., C. Gétin, and K. Keddad. "Family healthcare and ADHD in france." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72029-6.
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IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a lifetime neuro-developmental disorder, which causes severe impairment in children and adolescents. A recent epidemiological study of children presenting with ADHD in France suggests an estimated prevalence of ADHD of 3.5-5.6%.ObjectivesA survey was conducted to gather information from the families of children with ADHD about the care pathway in France in order to improve understanding of the needs in this field.MethodologyThe survey was conducted between July and August 2009 via an online questionnaire, which was sent to 1217 families registered with the French ADHD association.ResultsThe survey response rate was 23% and key findings include the following. Symptoms at school were the key driver in healthcare demand in 77% of cases. Waiting time for an appointment with a specialist averaged 8.2 months. More than 80% of parents felt involved in the choice of care for their children, while only 41% of families considered themselves well-informed during the diagnostic process. Of the 70% of children receiving ADHD medication at the time of the survey, 97% showed good adherence to treatment on school days.ConclusionThe survey results suggest that the care pathway for ADHD in France is lengthy, with the average time taken before a specialist consultation estimated to be about one school year. Recognition of ADHD appears to originate at school rather than in a preventive manner by the healthcare system.The survey was supported by Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd
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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Adverse Family-Environment Factors and ADHD." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 9, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-9-11-3.
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