Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Family-based approach'
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1
Riaz, Atif. "A set-based approach to passenger aircraft family design." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9723.
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In today's highly competitive civil aviation market, aircraft manufacturers develop aircraft families in order to satisfy a wide range of requirements from multiple airlines, with reduced costs of ownership and shorter lead time. Traditional methods for designing passenger aircraft families employ a sequential, optimisation-based approach, where a single configuration and systems architecture is selected fairly early which is then iteratively analysed and modified until all the requirements are met. The problem with such an approach is the tendency of the optimisers to exploit assumptions already 'hard-wired' in the computational models. Subsequently the design is driven towards a solution which, while promising to the optimiser, may be infeasible due to the factors not considered by the models, e.g. integration and installation of promising novel technological solutions, which result in costly design rework later in the design process. Within this context, the aim is to develop a methodology for designing passenger aircraft families, which provides an environment for designers to interactively explore wider design space and foster innovation. To achieve this aim, a novel methodology for passenger aircraft family design is proposed where multiple aircraft family solutions are synthesised from the outset by integrating major components sets and systems architectures set. This is facilitated by integrating set theory principles and model-based design exploration methods. As more design knowledge is gained through analysis, the set of aircraft family solutions is gradually narrowed-down by discarding infeasible and inferior solutions. This is achieved through constraint analysis using iso-contours. The evaluation has been carried out through an application case-study (of a three-member passenger aircraft family design) which was executed with both the proposed methodology and the traditional approach for comparison. The proposed methodology and the case-study (along with the comparison results) were presented to a panel of industrial experts who were asked to comment on the merits and potential challenges of the proposed methodology. The conclusion is that the proposed methodology is expected to reduce the number of costly design changes, enabling designers to consider novel systems technologies and gain knowledge through interactive design space exploration. It was pointed out, however, that while the computational enablers behind the proposed approach are reaching a stage of maturity, allowing a multitude of concepts to be analysed rapidly and simultaneously, this still is expected to present a challenge from organisational process and resource point of view. It was agreed that by considering a set of aircraft family solutions, the proposed approach would enable the designers to delay critical decisions until more knowledge is available, which helps to mitigate risks associated with innovative systems architectures and technologies.
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Choubey, Anand M. "Platform based approach for economic production of a product family." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/434.
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Jirapanthong, Waraporn. "A rule-based approach for software traceability on product family systems." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435040.
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Lum, Lai-chun, and 林麗珍. "A weight management programme for obese children: parent-only family-based approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43251444.
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Knight, John Andrew. "A Diels-Alder based synthetic approach to the manzamine family of alkaloids." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265523.
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Lum, Lai-chun. "A weight management programme for obese children parent-only family-based approach /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43251444.
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Stoll, Timothy Michael. "Rethinking the House and the Family Within: A Needs-based Approach to Design." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1250700760.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisor: Tom Bible. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Jan. 14, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Housing. Includes bibliographic references.
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Liu, Andrew. "A latent profile clustering approach to phenotype definition in family based genetic association studies." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110648.
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Objectives: Genetic association studies have shown that genes play a role in the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. However, the relationship between genes and response to medication (methylphenidate) has not been studied extensively, with very few findings and difficulty in replication. Possible reasons for the lack of findings could be due to the difficulty in defining a valid, objective measure of response to treatment. Furthermore, traditional statistical methods may have shortcomings when used in genetic association studies. Our objectives are: 1) compare two methods used in genetic association studies and 2) define a phenotype for response to treatment that can improve the quality of a genetic analysis.Methods: From a family study (n=416) with ADHD children, we construct a response to treatment phenotype using a latent profile analysis (LPA) clustering approach. This LPA phenotype is based on the RASS, and accelerometer (Actiwatch) data. Using the LPA phenotype and another phenotype based on clinical judgement (Clinical Consensus Rating), we perform a genetic association analysis for each phenotype individually. For the genetic analysis, we use both a case-control design (logistic regression) and a family based design (FBAT). The genes used in the study are candidate genes, known to be associated with the diagnosis of ADHD. Some notable genes include the dopamine receptor (DRD3, DRD4), dopamine transporter (DAT) and latrophilin (LPHN3).Results: Several SNPs were found to be associated with both the LPA response to medication variable and the Clinical Consensus Rating variable (CCR). Overall, the phenotype based on latent profile analysis performed better than the phenotype based on CCR, and showed highly significant findings, which the CCR was not able to do (p = 0.000189 vs p = 0.026691). The FBAT analysis approach, although providing the benefit of being immune to population stratification, was not as powerful as the logistic regression approach. This was because of smaller sample sizes due to uninformative heterozygous parents. Discussion: Our analysis showed that the way a phenotype is defined is very important to the quality of the analysis. The phenotype we constructed performed better likely due to its ability to separate heterogeneous groups of subjects. Both methods of genetic analysis have their shortcomings, and it is advisable to use both in a genetic association study. Some shortcomings of this study include limited sample size, which limited our power, and prevented alternative methods such as a haplotype analysis.Objectifs: Des études d'association génétique ont démontré que les gènes affectent l'incidence du trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) chez les enfants. Cependant, la relation entre les gènes et la réponse aux médicaments (méthylphénidate) n'a pas été étudiée de façon approfondie. Les découvertes en la matière sont rares et difficiles à répliquer. L'absence de résultats pourrait s'expliquer par la difficulté de définir une mesure valide et objective pour quantifier la réponse au traitement. De plus, les méthodes statistiques conventionnelles pourraient avoir des lacunes dans le contexte des études d'association génétique. Nos objectifs sont les suivants: 1) comparer deux méthodes utilisées dans les études d'association génétique et 2) définir un phénotype pour la réponse au traitement ayant le potentiel d'améliorer la qualité des analyses génétiques.Méthodes: À partir d'une étude de famille (n = 416) avec des enfants TDAH, nous concevons une réponse à un phénotype de traitement à l'aide d'une approche de groupement fondée sur une analyse de profil latent (APL). Le phénotype APL est basé sur des données de RASS et d'accéléromètre (Actiwatch). À partir du phénotype APL et d'un autre phénotype basé sur un jugement clinique (évaluation de consensus clinique), nous procédons à une analyse d'association génétique pour chaque phénotype séparément. Aux fins de l'analyse génétique, nous utilisons à la fois un plan cas témoins (régression logistique) et un plan basé sur la famille (FBAT). Les gènes employés dans l'étude sont des gènes candidats reconnus pour leur association avec le diagnostic de TDAH, notamment le récepteur de la dopamine (DRD3, DRD4), le latrophilin (LPHN3) et le transporteur de la dopamine (DAT).Résultats: Nous avons détecté une association entre plusieurs SNPs et la réponse APL à la variable médication ainsi que l'évaluation du consensus clinique (CCR). Dans l'ensemble, le phénotype basé sur l'analyse du profil latent a surpassé le phénotype basé sur l'évaluation du consensus clinique (CCR) par sa capacité de produire des résultats très significatifs (p = 0,000189 contre p = 0,026691). L'approche d'analyse FBAT, malgré son insensibilité à la stratification de la population, n'était pas aussi puissante que la méthode de régression logistique, en raison de la taille restreinte des échantillons, expliquée par des parents hétérozygotes non-informatifs.Discussion: Notre analyse a démontré que la façon dont le phénotype est défini affecte sérieusement la qualité de l'analyse. Le phénotype que nous avons conçu a offert un meilleur rendement probablement en raison de sa capacité à distinguer des groupes hétérogènes de sujets. Les deux méthodes d'analyse génétique ont leurs défauts: il est donc conseillé de les utiliser conjointement dans une étude d'association génétique. Les lacunes de cette étude comprennent entre autres la taille limitée de l'échantillon, qui a limité la puissance et empêché le recours à d'autres méthodes telle l'analyse des haplotypes.
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Di, Cola Simone. "A component-based approach to modelling software product families with explicit variation points." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-componentbased-approach-to-modelling-software-product-families-with-explicit-variation-points(b649eda2-8cac-46a5-888e-ee0926080ecb).html.
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In software product line engineering, the construction of an architecture for a product family is still an outstanding engineering challenge. In current practice, a framework is used for configuring individual products by combining solution space artefacts into products with specified features according to a feature model. No architectures are created. In contrast, an architecture for a product family would define the architectures for all the products in the family, allowing engineers to reason at a higher level of abstraction. In this thesis, we present a component model that can be used to define architectures for product families, by incorporating explicit variation points.
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Yang, Tun-Hsiang. "Family based liquid association study an approach to map the disease genes for the complex trait /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1610653951&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Soberon, Sophia Elena. "Integrating a Neighborhood Approach in a Community-based Organization| A Case Study of the Cambodian Family." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10839719.
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Community-based organizations (CBOs) represent an important segment of public services vital to the stability of invisible communities that otherwise remain vulnerable. Drawing from over three years of ethnographic fieldwork in a CBO in Santa Ana, California, I undertake an extensive case-study that examines their survival in a hostile funding environment by means of understanding their development, organizational learning and adaptation, social capital and networking and use of innovative sustainability strategies. The struggles this CBO encountered in their pursuit of sustainability speak to their unique aspects of service provision and community development making them an indispensable support structure for low-income immigrant and refugee communities.
I argue that their story of success reveals key principles, tenets and preliminary takeaways that may be useful toward improving the sustainability of organizational frameworks within other CBOs. Additionally, I explore how this CBO struggles to defend its vision of social change against existing conditions within the market environment that impact their success.
With growing interest toward scholarly work in this field, I emphasize the need to approach organizational fieldwork analytically as we engage with and try to understand the complicated social worlds of CBOs. The applied portion of this project resulted in the creation of promotional materials that may be useful toward fund development and historical preservation.
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Lovejoy, Kimberly Ann Rose. "Marriage moments : an evaluation of an approach to stregnthen couples' relationships during the transition to parenthood, in the context of a home visitation program /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd533.pdf.
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Fritz, Lorell C. "School-based family resource centres : the village approach, a handbook on school-community partnerships for professionals serving families /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63978.pdf.
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Goff, Rachel. "It takes a village to raise a family : designing desire-based community support with parents receiving a family service in south-west Ballarat." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2021. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/180628.
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In Victoria, Australia, the family services system is characterised by high referral rates and ongoing challenges to meet the needs of families who are experiencing risks and vulnerabilities. These issues are demonstrating the fact that there is a need to strengthen the level of community support that is being provided to children and their families prior to the escalation of their circumstances. Although the current neoliberal family services system has a key policy priority of reducing and managing family risk and vulnerability, it is neglecting to account for what families no longer want or are yet to experience. This is a shortcoming that the research study that is the subject of this thesis has addressed. In the context of a place-based, government–industry–university collaboration, this research study used a human-centred design methodology to engage with eight parents who were living in the south-west region of Ballarat, Victoria – an area characterised by socio-spatial disadvantage – and receiving a family service. This research study collected data over two phases of investigation. First, it explored the parents’ conceptualisations and experiences of community support in semi-structured interviews. Second, in a design workshop and post-workshop feedback and review interviews, it examined their views, priorities and recommendations for how their self-defined communities might support them in ways that would meet their own and their families’ needs. The research study found that parents conceptualise and experience community support as primarily informal, relational and bound to interpersonal characteristics such as reciprocity, trust, connection and belonging. It also found that their key priorities were supporting their children’s needs, their growing minds and their social skills, as well as bringing people together to promote equality. The parents who participated in this study proposed four recommendations: address the systemic constraints that are impacting on social cohesion; provide more opportunities for parents to support each other; provide non-judgemental and tailored services that can be accessed as a last resort; and enable greater self-determination, equality, trust and safety. These recommendations indicate that parents do not view community support as synonymous with risk and vulnerability; rather, they consider such support enables transformative change to occur in spite of it. Therefore, this research study has provided an understanding of the support that Victorian families want from their communities and has indicated that the paradigms that underpin the family services system are potentially incompatible with parents’ needs and desires.Doctor of Philosophy
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Chamberlain, Matthew Kipp. "An Approach to Decision Support for Strategic Redesign." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19838.
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Researchers have paid relatively little attention to the fact that most design activities are actually more like redesign. These activities are characterized by an attempt to leverage experience, knowledge, and the capital that a company has already invested into existing engineering systems. In this dissertation, it is proposed that an approach be developed to aid designers in making decisions in redesign problems when there exist systems to be leveraged and multiple new systems to be created. In addition, strategy is introduced to the problem through the consideration that new systems may not be offered all at once, as is often assumed in product family design research. In this dissertation, the aim of the designer is assumed to be a creation, through redesign, of a series of new systems with desirable and distinct performance levels. In addition, a plan is required to involve as little redesign effort throughout the life of the family of systems as possible
The proposed approach is based upon the concepts of Constructal Theory and previous work to create methods for the design of mass customized families of products. The existing methods are abstracted and heavily modified through the infusion of the compromise Decision Support Problems at all stages of the decision-making process. In addition, two indices are developed to represent considerations unique to redesign as opposed to original design. These indices for redesign effort and commonality value are utilized in the overall objective formulation for the approach. Through a thorough validation process and a large number of redesign scenarios, it is shown that the overall approach proposed can lead the designer towards promising redesign plans involving leveraging of existing systems, but that the constructal-inspired approach in and of itself has certain limitations when applied to redesign.
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Lim, Hye-Young. "Legally recognising child-headed households through a rights-based approach : the case of South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25615.
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Focusing on the rights of children who are deprived of their family environment and remain in child-headed households in the context of the HIV epidemic in Africa cannot be more relevant at present as the continent faces a significant increase in the number of children who are left to fend for themselves due to the impact of the epidemic. The impact of the epidemic is so severe that it is likened to an armed conflict. In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 22.4 million people are living with HIV, and in 2008 alone, 2 million people died of AIDS-related illnesses. Such massive loss of human lives is itself a tragedy. However, the repercussions of the epidemic suffered by children may be less visible, yet are just as far-reaching, and in all likelihood longer lasting in their effects. Initially, it appeared that children were only marginally affected by the epidemic. Unfortunately, it is now clear that children are at the heart of the epidemic. In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 14 million children lost their parents to AIDS-related illnesses and an unimaginable number of children consequently find themselves in deepened poverty. Traditionally, children who are deprived of their family environment in Africa have been cared for by extended families. However, the HIV epidemic has dramatically affected the demography of many African societies. As the epidemic continues to deplete resources of the affected families and communities, extended families and communities find it more and more difficult to provide adequate care to the increasing number of children who are deprived of parental care. As a result, more and more children are taking care of themselves in child-headed households. The foremost responsibility of states with regards to children who are deprived of parental care is to support families and communities so that they are able to provide adequate care to children in need of care, thereby preventing children from being deprived of their family environment. While strengthening families and communities, as required by articles 20 of the Convention of the Rights of the Child and 25 of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, as well as other international guidelines such as the 2009 UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, states also have the responsibility to provide ‘special protection and assistance’ to children who are already deprived of their family environment and are living in child-headed households. The important question is how to interpret the right to alternative care, and special protection and assistance, with respect to children in child-headed households. The study examines the international standards and norms regarding children who are deprived of their family environment including children in child-headed households and explores the ways those children are supported and protected in South Africa, against the background of related developments in a number of different African countries, including Namibia, Southern Sudan and Uganda. In 2002, the South African Law Reform Commission made the important recommendation that child-headed households should be legally recognised. The Children’s Amendment Act (No 41 of 2007), which amended the comprehensive Children’s Act (No 38 of 2005) gave effect to this recommendation by legally recognising child-headed households under prescribed conditions. It is a bold step to strengthen the protection and assistance given to children in child-headed households. However, child-headed households should not be legally recognised unless all the necessary protection and assistance measures are effectively put in place. In order to design and implement the measures of protection and assistance to children in child-headed households, a holistic children’s rights-based approach should be a guiding light. A rights-based approach, which articulates justiciable rights, establishes a link between the entitlement of children as rights-holders and legal obligations of states as duty-bearers. States have the primary responsibility to provide appropriate protection and assistance to children who are deprived of their family environment. This is a legal obligation of states, not a charitable action. A rights-based approach is further important in that it ensures that both the process of mitigation strategies and the outcome of such efforts are firmly based on human rights standards. The study argues that legal recognition should be given to child-headed household only after a careful evaluation based on the international standards with regard to children deprived of their family environment. It further argues that measures of ‘special protection and assistance’ should be devised and implemented using a rights-based approach respecting, among others, children’s rights to non-discrimination, to participation and to have their best interests given a priority.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
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Vilches, Silvia L., Beth S. McDaniel, Haley Sherman, Brianna Burks, Allie Merritt, Terra Jackson, and Synithia W. Flowers. "Engaging with a Prevention Approach: System Supports Needed in Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/13.
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Public policy has been shifting from child abuse and neglect (CAN) intervention toward prevention, using public health style frameworks, which emphasize shared community and legislative responsibilities to support families (Browne, 2014; CDC, 2014). Analysis of qualitative data from statewide focus groups held in 2019 in Alabama with 99 community-based CAN prevention workers shows strengths in community collaboration, but also, struggles to help families meet basic needs because of lack of community resources, such as transportation and quality child care, and other barriers, including stigma. The results demonstrate confusion between prevention, which is intended to build family resilience to avert crisis, and intervention, meant to reunite families after child protection services involvement. We recommend researchers consistently link CAN research to prevention frameworks so as to build meaningful understanding how to create better prevention programs. Future practitioners should understand prevention, and be prepared to document their work so as to demonstrate need.
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Erickson, Amy Teresa. ""160°F for your family" an emotions-based approach to motivating women in WIC to use a food thermometer in ground beef patties /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/a_erickson_112309.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in human nutrition)--Washington State University, December 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 8, 2010). "College of Pharmacy." Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-101).
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Manca, A. "CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMELINA SATIVA GENOME, AN OILSEED PLANT, THROUGH A COMBINED APPROACH BASED ON THE Β-TUBULIN GENE FAMILY AND MICROSATELLITE MOLECULAR MARKERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168717.
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ABSTRACT
The study reported in this thesis was performed in order to increase our knowledge on Camelina sativa genome and on the degree of the genetic polymorphism and relatedness present within a collection of camelina accessions.
This aim has been pursued trough the characterization of the β-tubulin gene
family and the use of novel and specific SSR markers.
The β-tubulin gene family of C. sativa has been isolated, cloned and
characterized using the h-TBP method. This technique allows the rapid cloning of
the β-tubulin genomic sequences that encompass the two introns, invariantly
present at fixed positions within the coding region of the vast majority of the plant
species. We have found that in C. sativa this family was composed of at least 20
different β–tubulin isotypes, named CsTUB1 through CsTUB20. This large
number of β–tubulin is an indication that C. sativa (chromosome number 2n = 40)
might be a polyploid species. The phylogenetic tree obtained from the β-tubulin
coding sequences of C. sativa and A. thaliana has shown a distribution of
CsTUBs that is spread throughout the clusters without distinction between A.
thaliana and C. sativa.
Then, we reported the isolation and characterization of specific camelina
microsatellite markers by using one C. sativa (GA)-SSR-enriched library. All
SSR markers utilised in this study produced clear and unambiguous amplification
fragments permitting the detection of a large number of alleles per locus. A total
of 134 alleles were generated at 15 SSR loci in the germplasm analysed with a
mean of 8.93 alleles per locus. The high discriminatory capacity of the SSR
markers, as observed in other plant species, have also been confirmed in our
study, in fact in our camelina collection thirty-eight out of forty accessions are
clearly distinguished by the 15 polymorphic microsatellites used. In addition, a
certain degree of association among the SSR camelina sub-groups and some of
the evaluated agronomic/biochemical traits has been observed.
In conclusion, knowledge of genetic variation and the genetic relationship
between genotypes is important for an efficient utilisation of C. sativa germplasm
resources. Beside of providing a useful tool for germplasm identification and
genetic diversity, these 15 newly developed SSR polymorphic markers will prove
very useful in genetic mapping and in assisting plant breeders in early progeny
selection.
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Jackson, Michelle B. "Addressing mental health needs on college campuses| Utilizing recovery principles that encourage a holistic approach, selfresponsibility, strengths-based practice, cultural sensitivity, and family support." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10038735.
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Research shows that there has been a significant increase in mental health issues within the college student population. Applying recovery-oriented principles as defined by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) may be an effective approach to creating and adapting mental health resources for college students. In the current study, literature on the following was reviewed: (a) the college culture, (b) the prevalence of mental health issues for college students, and (c) recovery-oriented principles. Then, a critical analysis of the literature was conducted based upon the following recovery-oriented principles: (a) encouraging a holistic approach, (b) self-responsibility and self-empowerment, (c) strengths-based practice, (d) cultural sensitivity), and (e) family support. Findings indicate that holistic resources highlight individual needs and creativity; programs that encourage self-responsibility underscore the importance of self-screenings; strengths-based approaches are centered around building self-esteem and increasing positive emotions; culturally sensitive resources are often group-oriented and acknowledge multiple facets of diversity, and programming that promotes family support emphasizes psychoeducation and stigma reduction. Based upon the integration of these findings, adaptations of current efforts on campus to promote these principles, as well as new ideas, are provided.
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Gzara, Chaïma. "Génétique humaine de la lèpre au Vietnam : une histoire de familles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5234.
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La lèpre, maladie infectieuse chronique causée par Mycobacterium leprae, affecte principalement la peau, les nerfs et les yeux avec des séquelles majeures en l’absence de traitement. Avec 200 000 nouveaux cas diagnostiqués chaque année (1 toutes les 2 minutes), il s’agit de la mycobactériose la plus commune après la tuberculose et requalifiée « maladie tropicale négligée » en 2017 par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Si la contribution génétique de l’hôte dans l’histoire naturelle de la maladie est maintenant bien établie, son architecture reste lacunaire. Dans cette continuité et afin de la préciser, nous avons, pour la première fois, utilisé une approche de génétique épidémiologique familiale. Plus précisément, nous avons réalisé la première étude d’association pangénomique (Genome-Wide Association Study, GWAS) familiale sur la lèpre. Ainsi, au cours des 20 dernières années, un échantillon de 481 familles nucléaires, parents et enfants, sélectionnées à partir d’un enfant atteint, a été constitué au Vietnam. Sur cet échantillon primaire de 1749 individus incluant 622 enfants atteints, nous avons testé l’association de près de 6 millions de variants bi-alléliques (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, SNP), génotypés ou imputés, avec la lèpre. Dans un second temps, nous avons testé les signaux les plus prometteurs dans un échantillon de réplication, c’est-à-dire, indépendant et issu de la même population, constitué de 1 181 cas et 668 contrôles. Les résultats les plus significatifs ont été observés au sein de la région HLA et l’analyse multivariée a permis d’identifier trois signaux indépendants. Deux dans la région HLA classe I : rs1265048 [Odds-ratio (OR) = 0,69 ; p-val = 5,5.10⁻¹¹] et rs114598080 [OR = 1,47 ; p-val = 8,8.10⁻¹³] ; Et un dans la région HLA classe II : rs3187964 [OR = 1,67 ; p-val = 8,4.10⁻¹⁶]. Nous avons également identifié deux signaux hors HLA : un variant faux-sens dans le gène LACC1 (rs3764147 : OR = 1,52 ; p-val = 5,1.10⁻¹⁴), et un variant à proximité du gène IL12B (rs6871626 : OR = 0,73 ; p-val = 6.4.10⁻⁸). Les contraintes de coûts des études pangénomiques imposent une réduction majeure du nombre de SNPs à tester dans d’autres échantillons. Dans les études familiales, les parents sont de fait génotypés et pourraient permettre une réplication immédiate sans coûts ajoutés. Au moyen d’une large étude de simulation, nous avons montré que cette approche était pertinente. Une étude cas-contrôle chez les parents de l’échantillon primaire est une réplication valide, statistiquement indépendante de l’étude d’association familiale. C’est un argument fort en faveur des approches familiales pour l’exploration pangénomique de la contribution génétique de l’hôte dans les phénotypes complexes. La compréhension de la physiopathologie de l'infection à M. leprae est cruciale pour optimiser les approches préventives selon les profils génétiques à plus haut risque, et ouvrir de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques en précisant les cascades fonctionnelles pertinentes. En ce sens, la dissection du contrôle génétique de l'infection par l'hôte est indispensable. Enfin, remettre la famille au cœur de la quête génétique, c’est remettre la génétique dans son milieu naturelLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, and can cause an irreversible impairment of nerve function, often leading to severe disabilities and social stigma if left untreated. The disease, re-qualified by WHO (World Health Organization) as a “Neglected Tropical Disease” in 2017, remains a major public health problem in regions of endemic countries, with over 200,000 new cases per year (one every two minutes). It is ranked second as the most common mycobacterial infectious disease, right after tuberculosis. While it has been well established that there is a genetic contribution to this disease, the underlying genetic causes remains unknown. In our study, we sought to reveal the host´s genetic architecture of leprosy by taking of a familial epidemiological approach. We conducted the first Family-Based Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of leprosy in 481 Vietnamese nuclear families (parents and children) selected based on one affected child and collected over the past 20 years. Using this sample of 1,749 individuals, including 622 affected offspring, we performed association tests between six million biallelic genetic variants (Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, genotyped or imputed) and the binary phenotype of disease status. Following this first analysis, we conducted a replication analysis of the most promising results in an independent sample of the same ethnic origin, accounting for 1,181 cases and 668 controls. The most significant results were observed within the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) region, in which 3 independent SNPs displayed genome-wide significant associations. Among these, two were for the HLA class I region and one for the HLA class II (rs1265048 [OR = 0.69; p-value = 5.5x10⁻¹¹], rs114598080 [OR = 1.47; p-value = 8.8x10⁻¹³] and rs3187964 [OR = 1.67; p-value = 8.4x10⁻¹⁶] respectively). We also identified a missense variant in the LACC1 gene (rs3764147: OR = 1.52; p-value = 5.1x10⁻¹⁴) and an intergenic variant located close to the IL12B gene (rs6871626: OR = 0.73; p-value = 6.4x10⁻⁸). LACC1 encodes a central regulator of the metabolic function and bioenergetic state of macrophages and IL12B encodes IL-12p40, which is common to two interleukins, IL-12 and IL-23. Large GWAS are expensive, strongly limiting the number of variants to test in a replication set. Here, we took advantage of the available parental phenotypic and genotypic information to perform a classical case-control study among the parents of the family-based sample. Indeed, using of extensive computer simulations, we demonstrated that this population-based parental study is a valid, powerful and costless replication strategy to confirm family-based associations. Overall, our observations add to the attractiveness of family-based designs and should provide valuable help for investigators planning to perform GWA studies. Understanding leprosy pathophysiology infection is crucial to optimize preventive approaches based on genetic profiles. Dissection of the genetic control of the infection by M. leprae by its human host, therefore, constitutes an indispensable step. Finally, repositioning the family at the heart of the genetic quest means repositioning genetics into its natural environment
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Love, Beverly. "The cycle of relapse and recovery of substance misusing offenders on a community based rehabilitation programme : the impact of childhoods, family, relationships, significant life events and psychological wellbeing : an interpretative phenomenological analysis and approach." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/845638/.
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Background and aims There is a paucity of research into the relapse and recovery of Class A drug misusing offenders who are part of the Drug Interventions Programme (DIP). The key aims of the DIP, a UK Government criminal justice strategy, are to reduce Class A drug misuse and the [perceived] associated offending behaviour. This group have entrenched and long lasting addictions, with many ‘failed’ attempts at recovery. There is no published research about DIP clients, using a qualitative methodology, which explores childhoods, relationships, psychological health and significant life events and how these might impact on drug use, relapse and recovery from their perspective. The aim of the research was to ask community based DIP clients what they considered to be important factors in their relapse and recovery and to explore how they understand and make sense of these. Theories within the developmental psychology field, some of which have not been extensively applied within the addiction field, have helped to inform the research. Method and participants To address a gap in the field, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was adapted for use with a focus group design (four Focus Groups, total N= 10), to explore the value and merit of the research question. These findings helped to inform semi-structured interviews (N= 17) using IPA. Participants were adult men and women who were either current or past DIP clients recruited through the DIP teams in England. Findings The following themes were developed from the semi-structured interview study: 1) Experiences of abusive childhoods – links to emotions that were experienced as damaging/harmful and problem behaviours; 2) The divergent and damaged selves – links to substance misuse; and 3) Drug use to cope and survive dangerous events and trauma/responses. Recovery was about managing these in a healthier way. A fourth theme showed how participants’ experiences changed during transitions into and out of recovery, for example the presence or absence of supportive networks. Conclusion The research has implications for theory, policy, practice and future research. This includes the provision of trauma based therapy and supporting clients to manage their emotions as well as their wider mental health problems. The importance of an integrated framework of theories from a developmental attachment, trauma and family systems approach to inform training and practice are highlighted from the findings.
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Ebersohn, Suzette. "Die benutting van veerkrag deur middel-adolessente in ’n hersaamgestelde gesin." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24197.
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Divorce is a potentially destructive reality in society. According to the bio-ecological model of Bronfenbrenner, the development of the child takes place within two micro family systems when a family is reconstituted following divorce: the primary micro family system, where the child resides permanently with his/her biological parent who has parental rights and responsibilities, as well as the secondary micro family system of the other biological parent who also has parental rights and responsibilities, where the child visits periodically. Challenges that the child faces in the context of the reconstituted family thus include shared membership of the two micro family systems and the complexity of the mesosystem. Resilience can be defined as a process of the inborn ability to achieve positive outcomes and to adjust successfully despite challenges and adverse living conditions. The purpose of the study was twofold: firstly, to achieve understanding of the way in which middle-adolescents of divorced parents, in moving between the two micro family systems of their reconstituted families, utilise their resilience to develop optimally in spite of a probably dysfunctional relationship between their biological parents at the mesosystemic level and secondly, to contribute to the fields of knowledge on resilience and bio-ecological theory in order to enhance educational psychology praxis with regard to the adaptation of adolescents of divorced parents in reconstituted families. The study was qualitative, and conducted in the interpretive paradigm. A multiple case study with a purposeful sampling of four participants was used. Unstructured narrative conversations were conducted, which included a resilience-based therapeutic intervention to facilitate sensitisation regarding personal strengths and assets in accordance with the assetbased approach. The format of the data description and analysis was defined by the narrative way of working. The participants’ utilisation of resilience qualities was evaluated in accordance with a definition of resilience which had been newly constructed by means of a synthesis of the bio-ecological model, positive psychology and the focuses of the first three waves of resilience research. The findings of the study indicated that the way in which middle-adolescents utilise their resilience depends on a therapeutic process (a personal, controlled process) as well as the nature of the mesosystem in their developmental context (a factor that can only be controlled by the divorced biological parents). In respect of a therapeutic process, the utilisation of the middle-adolescents’ resilience depends on their emotional security to make conscious choices to mobilise their resilience and consequently change their behaviour in order to cope effectively with difficult family circumstances in both their micro-family systems. In respect of the nature of the mesosystem, the utilisation of the middle-adolescents’ resilience depends on the effectiveness of the relationship between their divorced biological parents at the mesosystemic level. The utilisation of resilience per se is apparently dependent on some consistent systemic foundation in the developmental context of the child, which is, in the case of divorce, the mesosystem.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Educational Psychology
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Erzurumluoglu, Abdullah Mesut. "Population and family based studies of consanguinity : genetic and computational approaches." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.691165.
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Consanguinity is the union of closely related individuals - which can have genetic implications on the health of offspring(s). Consanguineous families with disorders have been extensively analysed by geneticists and this has led to the identification of many autosomal recessive disorder causal variants and genes. Two copies of the 'inactivating' or loss of function (LoF) allele are required to cause an autosomal recessive disorder, one inherited from the mother and the other from the father. In outbreeding populations these LoF alleles very rarely meet their counterpart (as it requires both parents to possess the allele), thus are passed down the generations silently - sometimes for millennia. However, consanguineous and/ or endogamous offspring have elevated levels of homozygosity, which dramatically increases the probability of any allele to be in a homozygous (or more correctly autozygous) state. This increase in probability applies to LoF mutations also; and this elevation of levels of homozygosity is the main reason why extremely rare autosomal recessive disorders are usually only seen in populations where consanguinity (and/ or endogamy) levels are high.
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Manilich, Elena A. "Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: Information-Based Approach." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1252247671.
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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-12-30) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Thomas-Chollier, Morgane. "Evolutionary study of the Hox gene family with matrix-based bioinformatics approaches." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210457.
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Hox transcription factors are extensively investigated in diverse fields of molecular and evolutionary biology. Hox genes belong to the family of homeobox transcription factors characterised by a 60 amino acids region called homeodomain. These genes are evolutionary conserved and play crucial roles in the development of animals. In particular, they are involved in the specification of segmental identity, and in the tetrapod limb differentiation. In vertebrates, this family of genes can be divided into 14 groups of homology. Common methods to classify Hox proteins focus on the homeodomain. Classification is however hampered by the high conservation of this short domain. Since phylogenetic tree reconstruction is time-consuming, it is not suitable to classify the growing number of Hox sequences. The first goal of this thesis is therefore to design an automated approach to classify vertebrate Hox proteins in their groups of homology. This approach classifies Hox proteins on the basis of their scores for a combination of protein generalised profiles. The resulting program, HoxPred, combines predictive accuracy and time efficiency. We used this program to detect and classify Hox genes in several teleost fish genomes. In particular, it allowed us to clarify the evolutionary history of the HoxC1a genes in teleosts. Overall, HoxPred could efficiently contribute to the bioinformatics toolbox commonly used to annotate vertebrate Hox sequences. This program was then evaluated in non-vertebrate species. Although not intended for the classification of Hox proteins in distantly related species, HoxPred showed a high accuracy in bilaterians. It has also given insights into the evolutionary relationships between bilaterian posterior Hox genes, which are notoriously difficult to classify with phylogenetic trees.As transcription factors, Hox proteins regulate target genes by specifically binding DNA on cis-regulatory elements. Only a few of these target genes have been identified so far. The second goal of this work was to evaluate whether it is possible to apply computational approaches to detect Hox cis-regulatory elements in genomic sequences. Regulatory Sequence Analysis Tools (RSAT) is a suite of bioinformatics tools dedicated to the detection of cis-regulatory elements in genomes. We participated to the development of matrix-based pattern matching approaches in RSAT. After having performed a statistical validation of the pattern-matching scores, we focused on a study case based on the vertebrate HoxB1 protein, which binds DNA with its cofactors Pbx and Meis. This study aimed at predicting combinations of cis-regulatory elements for these three transcription factors.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Yang, Jingyuan. "Likelihood Approaches for Detecting Imprinting and Maternal Effects in Family-Based Association Studies." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275426657.
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Sauerheber, Jill Duba, and J. Graham Disque. "A Trauma-Based Physiological Approach: Helping Betrayed Partners Heal from Marital Infidelity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2790.
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This article will address how a physiological understanding of trauma can be applied to working with couples in which an affair has initiated trauma symptoms. A brief introduction related to trauma symptomology, as well as its impact on the body, will be included. A case example will demonstrate how a counselor worked with a betrayed partner struggling with ongoing trauma symptoms. Finally, a brief discussion on why this process is particularly fitting for Adlerian clinicians will be presented.
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Oloyede, Tobi F. "The Resilience of Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in Southwest Nigeria: An Interdisciplinary Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3814.
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Female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria endure harsh and traumatic experiences that affect their rights as women and their well-being. As the phenomenon of IPV persists in Nigeria, it is not only a family problem but a critical social and psychological problem. This study examined Nigerian female survivors’ hidden strength, agency, and resilience, rather than their powerlessness and vulnerability. Analysis of survey questionnaires, interviews, and secondary scholarship reveals that some Nigerian female survivors of IPV are able to cope whilst navigating stressful and traumatic experiences. The results also show that survivors’ ability to thrive and cope under stress not only results from individual traits and use of agency, but also from external support. This study infers sociocultural change and female empowerment. The results propose a need for interventions and further research on the development of the concept of resilience in female Nigerian survivors of IPV.
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Lusito, E. "A Network-based Approach to Breast Cancer Systems Medicine." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/265572.
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Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Although recent improvements in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of breast cancer have led to a significant decrease in the mortality rate, the identification of an optimal therapeutic strategy for each patient remains a difficult task because of the heterogeneous nature of the disease. Clinical heterogeneity of breast cancer is in part explained by the vast genetic and molecular heterogeneity of this disease, which is now emerging from large-scale screening studies using “-omics” technologies (e.g. microarray gene expression profiling, next-generation sequencing). This genetic and molecular heterogeneity likely contributes significantly to therapy response and clinical outcome. The recent advances in our understanding of the molecular nature of breast cancer due, in particular, to the explosion of high-throughput technologies, is driving a shift away from the “one-dose-fits-all” paradigm in healthcare, to the new “Personalized Cancer Care” paradigm. The aim of “Personalized Cancer Care” is to select the optimal course of clinical intervention for individual patients, maximizing the likelihood of effective treatment and reducing the probability of adverse drug reactions, according to the molecular features of the patient. In light to this medical scenario, the aim of this project is to identify novel molecular mechanisms that are altered in breast cancer through the development of a computational pipeline, in order to propose putative biomarkers and druggable target genes for the personalized management of patients. Through the application of a Systems Biology approach to reverse engineer Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) from gene expression data, we built GRNs around “hub” genes transcriptionally correlating with clinical-pathological features associated with breast tumor expression profiles. The relevance of the GRNs as putative cancer-related mechanisms was reinforced by the occurrence of mutational events related to breast cancer in the “hub” genes, as well as in the neighbor genes. Moreover, for some networks, we observed mutually exclusive mutational patterns in the neighbors genes, thus supporting their predicted role as oncogenic mechanisms. Strikingly, a substantial fraction of GRNs were overexpressed in Triple Negative Breast Cancer patients who acquired resistance to therapy, suggesting the involvement of these networks in mechanisms of chemoresistance. In conclusion, our approach allowed us to identify cancer molecular mechanisms frequently altered in breast cancer and in chemorefractory tumors, which may suggest novel cancer biomarkers and potential drug targets for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies in metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Ebersohn, Suzette. "Die verhouding van die vader in 'n hersaamgestelde gesin met sy nie-inwonende kind." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10022007-100056/.
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Prosser, Rina Marie. "Laying the Foundation for New Approaches in Evidence-Based Sex Education Curriculum Programs: A Family Life Policy Change." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1208.
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The teen pregnancy rate in Henry County, Tennessee has increased over the years. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based family life education policy for possible adoption by the board of education to address the persistent high teen pregnancy rate for girls aged 15-17 in the county. This present study resulted in a revised policy that was based on a comprehensive policy termed Abstinence-Centered Plus Contraception. An 18-member collaborative, organizational, and community project team, made up of community leaders, nurses, counselors, teachers, and students, assisted in the development and adoption of the policy, practice guidelines, and the development of implementation and evaluation plans for the newly adopted policy. The theoretical framework was based on the social, cognitive, and behavior change theories. The program logic model served as a framework to monitor its progress. Existing peer-reviewed literature, including research studies, state and national teen pregnancy prevention projects and curriculum, and publicly available statistics, were gathered and reviewed by the project team as background to be used for developing and changing policy at the institutional level. Project monitoring involved tracking processes surrounding policy and practice guideline development and adoption, as well as implementation and evaluation plan development for the adopted policy and whether these processes progressed as the empirically-derived teen pregnancy prevention projects should when changing sex education policy at the organizational level. This project resulted in policy adoption and developing a policy implementation and evaluation plan to be disseminated within a county school system that could decrease teen pregnancy rates and demonstrate positive outcomes.
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Santana, Sondra Michelle Phipps. "Practitioners' Use of Clinical Practice Guidelines: An Evidence-Based Approach." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/462.
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Pre-diabetes is a serious health problem in the United States. Distinguished by plasma glucose levels that are above the normal threshold, patients with pre-diabetes are 10 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Patients with pre-diabetes suffer the same complications as patients with diabetes including diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and microalbuminuria.
There is considerable evidence to support the idea that early identification and aggressive treatment of pre-diabetes has the potential to delay disease progression. The American Diabetes Association’s clinical practice guideline recommends management of with lifestyle modification and metformin for patients who are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the implementation of the 2012 ADA clinical practice guidelines regarding the management of patients with pre-diabetes by the health care providers at a volunteer-run clinic located in a large metropolitan area in the southeastern United States.
This study, even with a small sample size (n=26) revealed that the providers at the clinic had not implemented the 2012 ADA clinical practice guidelines. Clinical practice guidelines promote health care interventions that have proven benefits and improve the consistency of care provided to patients. The greatest benefits of implementing clinical practice guidelines for patients with pre-diabetes are early diagnosis and aggressive disease management. This would improve patient outcomes and in the long run, decrease the cost of medical care.
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Lee, Claire Elizabeth. "Applying psychological theory to understand the difficulties and supporting factors in implementing family based approaches in alcohol treatment services." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31256.
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The current study investigated staff perceptions regarding whether recommendations for family based approaches to be made available in alcohol treatment services were being implemented. This included exploration of factors that staff perceive may either impede or facilitate family based work.;There were two stages of data collection. Stage 1 involved collecting demographic and descriptive information from the participating services to establish the homogeneity of the sample and whether family work was offered by each service. For Stage 2, 18 staff from seven alcohol treatment services were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were audio-taped, with interview questions based on theoretical domains which explored respondents' perceptions of the implementation of the guidelines and family based work. The interview transcripts were analysed twice, initially to give an indication of the respondent's perception of the level of success of implementation but also to identify pre-determined theoretical domains which supported and impeded implementation of family based work. The transcripts were then reanalysed to indicate relationships between domains, to provide a hierarchical framework for organising the themes and to identify other themes which may have been missed in the first analysis.;The first analysis indicated variability in the level of success of implementation across services. Further exploration indicated factors contributing to more successful implementation which included staff believing that family work was likely to lead to positive results, providing it was compatible with their skills and perceptions of their role and identity, and they were motivated to provide it. Barriers to implementation identified by staff included: 'Environmental context and resources,' (e.g. lack of funding and time, inadequate space, inaccessible working hours and staffing levels); 'social influences' (e.g. lack of support from management and the team); and 'emotions' (e.g. fear, anxiety and lack of self-confidence in doing family work).;The study also identified facilitators and barriers to family work at different levels: Staff participant; problem drinker and family; and the organisation. The results suggested that staff perceptions of family based work, the culture of working within addiction services, and perceiving the problem as within the individual problem drinker were particular barriers to family based work. The study therefore demonstrates the importance of considering the social construction of the problem and the socio-cultural context to help facilitate implementation of family based work in alcohol treatment services.
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Soler, Garcia Jordi. "Towards disentangling the genetic complexity and clinical heterogeneity of psychotic disorders: from family-based approaches to gene-environment studies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/674023.
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Psychotic disorders are psychiatric conditions with a worldwide prevalence of around 4% and a tremendous personal, economic and social burden. As complex phenotypes, psychotic disorders are caused by multiple genetic variants, environmental factors and their interaction.
According to this, a better understanding of the genetic and environmental influences underlying these disorders may provide a way to dissect the biology of psychosis and, ultimately, allow developing novel therapies. However, the study of the aetiological basis of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, though, has a serious limitation in the high biological heterogeneity underlying these pathologies. The heterogeneity of clinical profiles and the high phenotypic variability, in turn, causes uncertainty on the genetic results related to these disorders. Thus, the reduction of phenotypic complexity has become an essential step to contribute to the genetic dissection of brain complex phenotypes.
The present dissertation aimed to contribute disentangling the heterogeneity of psychotic disorders by means of different approaches: the use of family-based studies, the use of psychosis-associated intermediate phenotypes and the use of gene-environment interaction studies. Three specific hypotheses related to these approaches have been tested, giving rise to six manuscripts submitted to international peer reviewed journals.
The results of the present thesis reveal that the combined use of family-based designs and intermediate phenotypes related to psychosis may facilitate the identification of more homogeneous forms of psychotic disorders in terms of genetic aetiology. Thus, by means of this strategy, two different subclinical phenotypes such as schizotypy (a set of personality traits) and the cognitive dimension of attention and working memory have been identified as familial vulnerability markers for psychosis in samples of families affected with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, respectively. The study of the familial aggregation pattern of these phenotypes have lead to the identification of subgroups of families with similar phenotypic –and, therefore also genotypic– profiles.
Moreover, by using family-based association designs, different genes involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity (DAOA, ZNF804A, AKT1) have been associated with the risk for psychosis, as measured with the expression of intermediate phenotypes, including schizotypy and cognitive performance.
Also, results from this thesis provide evidence of the role genetic variability on cognitive performance and also as a modulator of the effect of cannabis use on the variance of other intermediate phenotypes. Particularly, it has been revealed the effect of AKT1 gene on attentional processes and, also, the effect of ZNF804A gene on the expression of schizotypy conditional to the cannabis use.
Despite the last advances in the comprehension of the aetiology of psychosis, the identification of the involved genetic factors has still a long way to go. Thus, it is necessary to continue making efforts towards understanding the aetiopathogenic basis of psychotic disorders, taking into account both genetic and environmental factors. The present dissertation has intended to provide our grain of sand to the collective construction of knowledge on the aetiology of psychosis by means of using different strategies that have proven to contribute to elucidating the heterogeneity underlying these disorders, which in turn might lead to an improvement of the identification of the underlying causal genetic variants.Els trastorns psicòtics són trastorns mentals amb una prevalença mundial del 4% i amb una gran càrrega personal, econòmica i social associada, que estan causats per factors genètics, factors ambientals i la interacció d’ambdós durant diferents etapes del desenvolupament cerebral. Si volem disposar de noves teràpies que ajudin a millorar la qualitat de vida de les persones amb algun diagnòstic psicòtic, és evident que abans ens cal entendre millor les contribucions que la càrrega genètica i la càrrega ambiental de cada individu tenen en el desenvolupament d’aquests trastorns. Malauradament, l’estudi de les bases etiològiques de l’esquizofrènia i d’altres trastorns psicòtics està condicionada per la gran heterogeneïtat clínica que presenten aquests fenotips. Per tant, per tal de seguir avançant en la identificació dels factors genètics associats al risc per a psicosi, és necessari conèixer i abordar els factors relacionats amb aquesta heterogeneïtat. En aquest sentit, aquesta tesi pretén contribuir a abordar aquesta heterogeneïtat intrínseca als trastorns psicòtics a través de diferents estratègies: l’ús de mostres de famílies, l’ús de fenotips intermedis associats al risc per a psicosi i l’estudi de la interacció gen-ambient en l’etiologia d’aquests trastorns. En aquesta tesi s’han plantejat tres hipòtesis diferents, que han donat lloc a 6 articles publicats en revistes científiques internacionals. Els resultats inclosos en la tesi revelen que l’anàlisi de fenotips intermedis associats al risc per psicosi en mostres de famílies facilita la identificació de formes més homogènies de psicosi, en relació a la seva etiologia genètica. Així doncs, mitjançant aquesta estratègia s’han identificat dos fenotips subclínics, com són la esquizotípia (trets de personalitat) i la dimensió cognitiva de l’atenció i la memòria de treball, com a marcadors de vulnerabilitat familiar per a psicosi en una mostra de famílies afectades amb esquizofrènia i en una de famílies afectades amb trastorn bipolar, respectivament. L’estudi del patró d’agregació familiar d’aquests fenotips ha permès la identificació de subgrups de famílies amb perfils fenotípics –i, per tant, també genotípics– similars. A més, en mostres clíniques i també no-clíniques, s’ha identificat la relació d’alguns gens relacionats amb la plasticitat sinàptica (DAOA, ZNF804A, AKT1) amb el risc de patir psicosi, mesurat a través de l’expressió de diferents fenotips intermedis com els nivells d’esquizotípia o el rendiment cognitiu. Els resultats inclosos en aquesta tesi també evidencien el paper que la variabilitat genètica té sobre el rendiment cognitiu i, alhora, com a modulador de l’efecte que el consum de cannabis té sobre l’expressió de diferents fenotips intermedis. En particular, s’ha descrit l’efecte del gent AKT1 en l’atenció i també l’efecte del gen ZNF804A sobre l’expressió de l’esquizotípia condicionat al consum de cannabis. Tot i els últims avenços en la comprensió de la etiologia de la psicosi, la investigació dels factors genètics causants de la psicosi i la seva interacció amb els factors ambientals encara té un llarg camí per recórrer. Aquesta tesi ha pretès aportar un granet de sorra a la construcció col·lectiva d’aquest coneixement mitjançant l’ús de diferents estratègies, les quals han demostrat que poden ser molt útils per tal d’abordar d’una manera més eficaç l’heterogeneïtat clínica inherent als trastorns psicòtics i poder millorar la identificació de les variants genètiques i ambientals implicades.
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Calderon, Kristen Naylor. "The impact of cross-cultural transition on intercultural relationships using a strengths-based approach." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/825.
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Costantino, Félicie. "Recherche de nouveaux facteurs génétiques de susceptibilité à la spondyloarthrite grâce à une approche associant études familiales et génomique fonctionnelle." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T056/document.
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La spondyloarthrite (SpA) est un rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique fréquent et invalidant. Plus d’une vingtaine de locus de susceptibilité à la maladie ont été identifiés à ce jour, dont HLA-B27 situé dans le complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité (CMH). L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier de nouveaux facteurs génétiques de susceptibilité à la SpA grâce à une double approche d’études familiales et de génomique fonctionnelle. Dans la première partie, nous avons génotypé des familles multiplex de SpA. L’analyse de liaison non paramétrique a révélé la présence, en plus du CMH, d’un nouveau locus significativement lié à la SpA en 13q13. L’étude de ce locus nous a permis de restreindre la région d’intérêt à un intervalle de 1,3 Mb, dont le séquençage est en cours. Par ailleurs, l’étude d’association intra-familiale a identifié un SNP intronique de MAPK14 significativement associé à la SpA. Enfin, nous avons montré que l’un des SNPs du gène IL23R connu pour être associé à la spondylarthrite ankylosante était en fait associé à la présence d’une sacro-iliite radiologique dans la SpA. Parallèlement aux études familiales, nous avons comparé le transcriptome de cellules dendritiques de neuf patients atteints de SpA à celui de dix témoins sains. Nous avons ainsi identifié 81 gènes différentiellement exprimés. Nous avons aussi montré que l’expression génique d’ERAP1 (et à un moindre degré son expression protéique et son niveau d’activité enzymatique) étaient sous le contrôle de polymorphismes de ce gène associés à la SpASpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a frequent and disabling chronic rheumatic disease. To date, more than 20 susceptibility loci have been identified, including HLA-B27 in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Most of the disease heritability remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study was to identify new genetic factors of susceptibility to SpA using an approach combining genetics and functional genomics. In the first part of this work, we genotyped SpA multiplex families with microarrays of 250,000 SNPs. Non parametric linkage analysis revealed a new locus significantly linked to SpA outside the MHC, in 13q13. Further studies on this locus allowed us to map the disease interval to a 1.3 Mb region, which will be soon sequenced. Moreover, family-based association study identified a significant association between one intronic SNP in MAPK14 and SpA. We also showed that one of the known ankylosing spondylitis-associated SNP in IL23R was indeed associated with sacroiliitis in SpA. We have also compared dendritic cells gene expression between nine SpA patients and ten controls and identified 81 genes differentially expressed. Moreover, we showed that ERAP1 gene expression (and at a less extent protein expression and enzymatic activity) is under the control of several polymorphisms in the gene which has previously been associated with SpA
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Dashora, Pushpanjali. "Empowering Homeless Youth: An Evaluation of a Participatory Action Research Based Program." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267458035.
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Jonsson, Louise, and Matilda Nilsson. "Should sex tourism be viewed as a threat for future development? : A perspective that explores the general approach of sex tourism and prostitution in the tourism industry based on historical, cultural, and traditional values in The Gambia." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31521.
Full textAbstract:
This bachelor thesis describes the component of society which sex tourism descends from in Gambia. Sex tourism is an emerging sub-industry to tourism that affects several different social spheres in communities that are characterized by tourism. It is a phenomenon that unfortunately not only affect adult’s even minors enter however, rarely by choice. The origin of sex tourism in Gambia dates back to the early 70s when the tourism started to blossom. The tourists arrived in the country with different cultures that collided with the indigenous and in combination with the master-servant relationship from the colonial era and the exotification of the country as a holiday destination, sex tourism derived.
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Chen, M. "Uncovering genetic risk factors in multiple sclerosis using a family-based approach." Thesis, 2022. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/47556/1/Chen_whole_thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the brain and spinal cord, characterised by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Family and twin studies established the significant roles of genetic factors in the aetiology of MS. Genome-wide association studies have identified over 200 common variants associated with MS risk. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype DRB1*15:01 remains the largest risk variant with an average odds ratio of 3.08 in Europeans. However, these variants collectively explain only 20 – 48% of the overall heritability, leaving a major proportion of heritability unknown. A recent study of a cohort of 32,367 MS cases and 36,012 controls demonstrated that an additional 5% of the heritability was explained by low-frequency variation, highlighting the need to identify rare variant classes influencing the pathogenesis of MS. Given the relatively low prevalence of MS (approximately 1 in per 1,000 Australians) compared to other complex diseases, sporadic clustering within families is unlikely, yet familial clustering of the disease does occur, suggesting underlying shared genetic risk. Families allow for enrichment of rare or private variants, by transmission from founders to multiple offspring, powering the investigation of these variant classes. This dissertation explores the analysis of families enriched for MS to expand the understanding of the genetic underpinnings of MS.
The first aim of this study was to assess the burden of the known common risk variants in our three MS enriched families (Family 1, 2 and 3). To do this, we used the common risk variants from the recent International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium study to construct a weighted polygenic risk score (wPRS). A cohort of 3,252 MS cases and 5,725 healthy controls from Australia and New Zealand was used to compute the baseline wPRS. Twenty-six out of 32 known HLA variants and 155 out of 200 non-HLA variants were typed in the cohort. The cohort wPRS based on these variants exhibited a reasonable capacity to discriminate between sporadic MS cases and healthy controls (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.75 – 0.77). The wPRS was significantly higher in sporadic MS (mean x̅± standard deviation, SD = 25.71 ± 1.27) compared with healthy controls (24.48 ± 1.21; P = 2.2 × 10\(^{-16}\)). We used the same set of common variants to construct the familial wPRS. There was no significant difference in wPRS between the familial and sporadic MS cases. However, we observed significant difference between the familial unaffected individuals (25.82 ± 1.14) and the healthy controls (24.48 ± 1.21; P = 0.01). This was mainly due to the enriched copies of the high-risk HLA-DRB1*15:01 alleles in Family 1. These results demonstrate that common variants are not sufficient to explain the aggregation of MS in our families. Therefore, genetic factors other than common variants are likely to influence the disease clustering.
The second aim of this study was to identify rare or novel variants that may predispose some family members to MS. To do this, whole-genome sequencing was conducted on all available family members (19 individuals from three MS enriched families). A full penetrance model and a reduced penetrance model were used to identify rare or novel coding and non-coding variants in each family. Multiple in silico algorithms and knowledge-driven prioritisation were used to predict the potential impact of the variants on the target genes and proteins. As a result, we identified eight candidate variants for Family 1, eight for Family 2 and 14 for Family 3. We then applied diverse and complementary approaches to further assess the corresponding candidate genes and/or pathways using validation datasets. Three large cohorts were used to determine the enrichment of variants in the genes (and/or pathways) in MS patients compared with healthy controls. These cohort data include: 3,252 MS patients and 5,725 healthy controls that were genotyped on mixed arrays (cohort 1); 3,318 MS patients and 2,891 healthy controls that underwent whole-exome sequencing (cohort 2); and GWAS summary statistics of 14,802 MS cases and 26,703 healthy controls (cohort 3). A publicly available single-nucleus RNA sequencing dataset of the white matter areas of post-mortem human brains in five healthy controls and four MS patients was evaluated to investigate the cell-specific differential expression of the candidate genes in MS brain cells compared with healthy brain cells.
The final candidate variants prioritised by the downstream analyses in Family 1 were GRIK4 c.2070G>A, DTNB c.239C>T and SLMAP c.991A>T. Gene-level enrichment was observed for GRIK4 (P = 0.003), SLMAP (P = 0.007) in cohort 3, but the enrichment did not survive statistical correction for multiple comparisons. Significant differential expression of DTNB (corrected P = 0.02) and GRIK4 (corrected P = 0.02) between MS brain cells and healthy brain cells were observed in the oligodendrocyte lineage 5 and the oligodendrocyte lineage 6, respectively. The final candidate variants prioritised in Family 2 were RGS14 c.1069C>G and PARD3 c.2321G>T. Gene-level enrichment evidence was observed for RGS14 (corrected P = 5.43 × 10\(^{-6}\)) in cohort 3. Gene-level enrichment was also observed for PARD3 (P = 0.031) in cohort 2, but it did not survive statistical correction for multiple comparisons. The final candidate variants prioritised in Family 3 were ZNF18 c.1072G>A and KANK1 c.3371G>A. x Gene-level enrichment evidence was observed for both genes (ZNF18: P = 3.22 × 10\(^{-4}\), KANK1: P = 0.004) in cohort 1, and ZNF18 survived statistical correction for multiple comparisons (P = 0.01). Enrichment in KANK1 was also observed in cohort 2 (P = 0.047) and 3 (P = 0.036), but it did not survive statistical correction for multiple comparisons (P > 0.05).
In summary, our study demonstrated that the currently known common risk variants of MS are not sufficient to explain the disease clustering in our families. By comparing the genome differences of the affected and unaffected individuals, we identified potentially important rare or novel genetic variants that may influence disease risk in these families. We provided additional supportive evidence for the candidate genes (and pathways) by analysing validation datasets. This study provides the basis for future targeted investigations into the potential role of those candidate genes in MS pathogenesis, which will facilitate better understanding of the genetic aetiology of the disease.
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Linton, Brittany Anne. "A strength based approach examining resiliency in college students from single-parent family structures." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/24341.
Full textAbstract:
According to recent data, approximately eighteen percent of children under age 18 live in single-parent households. The majority of research has focused on negative outcomes associated with one-parent households in comparison with their two-parent counterparts, including poor academic performance and increased delinquency rates in children. The current literature neglects to evaluate potentially advantageous factors resultant of being raised in a single-parent home. The proposed study utilizes an exploratory positive psychology approach to investigate levels of resiliency and adaptive skill sets present in college students raised in single-parent households in comparison to degree of cumulative risk encountered. Analyses of these variables will be completed through ordinary least squares multiple regression. Furthermore, parenting style will be examined as a potential moderator of resiliency. Finally, this study proposes the adoption of a new paradigm in ongoing investigation of this unique population.text
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Brodovsky, William. "Opening the lens : the treatment of families with adolescents : a structurally based solution focused family therapy approach." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22476.
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Yang, Jinn-Moon, and 楊進木. "A Family Competition Evolutionary Approach of Global Optimization in Neural Networks, Optical Thin-film Design, and Structure-based Drug Design." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68033929919617906217.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
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Global optimization problems arise in many practical applications, such as engineering, natural sciences, economics, bioinformatics, and business. In this dissertation, a new evolutionary algorithm, called family competition evolutionary approach (FCEA), is proposed not only as the answer to global optimization, but also to be used for several practical applications. Based on family competition and adaptive rules, the proposed approach consists of global and local strategies by integrating decreasing-based mutations and self-adaptive mutations. These smoothly integrated strategies enable FCEA to balance the exploration and exploitation to achieve robust performance for global optimization. FCEA is then applied to certain areas of global optimization such as the function optimization and general constrained optimization problems. The experiments show that the proposed approach is more robust than other comparative evolutionary algorithms, including genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, and evolutionary programming FCEA has produced promising results in a number of applications, including training neural networks, optical thin-film coatings, and flexible ligand docking. For neural networks, FCEA is able to train feedforward neural networks for classification benchmarks, such as two-spiral problem and sonar classification. FCEA also gives promising recurrent neural networks for artificial intelligence problems, such as artificial ant problems and regular language recognition. FCEA is a good synthesis answer for the most important thin-film designs, including antireflection coatings, beam splitter, narrowband filters, and edge filters. Optical thin-film coatings have numerous remarkable applications in many branches of science and technology, such as scientific instrument manufacturing, spectroscope, medicine, and astronomy. Finally, it is verified that FCEA is able to generate low-energy solutions for flexible ligand docking problems, the molecular recognition between two molecules, which are are important for structure-based drug design With the encouraging results shown, FCEA can imply certain characteristics. This thesis has also analyzed the global convergence property, search behaviors, and the parameter setting of FCEA. We believe that the flexibility and robustness of FCEA make it an effective tool for global optimization problems.
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Prevost, Brittany. "The LNX Family of Multi-PDZ E3 Ligases: Using a Mutagenesis-based Approach to Establish the Role of PDZ Domains in LNX1 Function." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35136.
Full textAbstract:
LNX1 belongs to a family of multi-PDZ domain containing RING-type E3 ligases. Several interactions have been mapped to its PDZ domains, but the role of each domain in LNX function has not yet been determined. To study individual PDZ domain function in the context of full length protein I generated point mutations in peptide binding sites of each of PDZ domain, and in a putative phosphoinositide binding site of LNX1 PDZ4. Peptide binding was successfully disrupted by an arginine or lysine to alanine mutation in the peptide binding cleft. A LNX1 PDZ4 mutant with lysine residues in a putative phosphoinositide binding site mutated to glutamate displayed decreased membrane localization. The impact of each PDZ mutation on cell morphology and substrate ubiquitination was also investigated. I identified a potential role for PDZ binding in auto-inhibition of RING function. Additionally, novel interactions between LNX1 and Frizzled family members were identified and characterized.
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Stylianou, Nitsa. "Towards the training of psychology tutors : an ecosystemic approach." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16147.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the training of Psychology tutors at the University of South Africa's
(UNISA) learning centres with a view to providing a paradigm shift in tutor training and
contributing towards new ways of thinking about education and training in South Africa. It
furthermore opens up alternative ways of thinking about the process of facilitation in general.
Although the study focuses on tutor training within the discipline of Psychology, the
outcomes of the study are applicable to tutor training and tutoring in general, and make a valuable
contribution in identifying the basic principles underlying tutor training in other disciplines as
well. An ecosystemic approach encourages the trainer-trainee system to become aware of how
they affect each other's thinking and behaviour. The basic principles underlying the process of
facilitation that emerge in the study, therefore apply equally to the training of tutors and the
tutoring of learners by others. These principles provide guidelines in terms of the processes
involved in tutor development, as well as inform the issues and themes around which the sharing of ideas can be choreographed in the field of tutor training and tutoring.
In conclusion, the information generated in the study focuses specifically on student
support in the form of face-to-face tutorials in the distance education setting, the form of tertiary
education which is most accessible to many historically disadvantaged learners in South Africa
today. More generally, it will make a valuable contribution in the current educational context
in South Africa, where student support is of the utmost importance in striving for equality in
education, and where the focus is on outcomes-based education.Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Moss, Susara Maria. "Exploring family resilience amongst South African social work client families." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3405.
Full textAbstract:
Family resilience is the ability of a family to rebound from adversities, often stronger than before. To
be knowledgeable on the characteristics and processes that render individuals and their families
resilient, contribute to family well-being.
Using a qualitative research approach and an interview guide, the researcher focused on developing a
better understanding of the manifestation of family resilience as part of a family’s ability to adapt to
changing circumstances and life in its dynamic form. Family resilience as an interactive process over
time, normalizes resilience as part of the day to day living of the family and its members, including the
young and the old.
The domains of family resilience are, organizational patterns, adaptability, protective processes
(including family risks, family strengths and protective/buffering factors), communication processes
and family belief systems that, in synergy with one another, render families resilient.
The research results confirmed the presence of characteristics and processes of family resilience
amongst social work client families in South Africa. Depending on the challenges families my face, all
families are either more resilient or less resilient. The latter most often needing additional support, such
as social work intervention.
South African policies should be family-focused and urge for a strengths-based approach towards
enhancing family resilience and ultimately family well-being. Service providers need to give
recognition to the fact that all families have challenges that need to be faced, but that families also have
strengths to be drawn-upon to address and overcome these challenges. This implies that social work
interventions that impact on the lives of families, should be rendered from a family resilience
perspective and strengths-based approach, with the family as focal point for service delivery.Social Science
M.A. (Social Work)
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Georg, Simone Elyse. "Karriyikarmerren rowk – everyone working together: Towards an intercultural approach to community safety in Gunbalanya, West Arnhem Land." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/160664.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous people worldwide face complex historical, social and
cultural circumstances that impair their ability to live in
safety. In Australia, two in three Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander women have experienced spousal violence, and Indigenous
children are seven times more likely than non-Indigenous children
to experience substantiated abuse or neglect. Indigenous
community safety is a complex concept that should be based on the
self-identified concerns of Indigenous people. Few studies thus
far have enquired how Indigenous Australians in rural and remote
areas visualise safety in their own neighbourhoods. This study
investigates how Kunwinjku Aboriginal people and service
providers understand and operationalise
community safety in Gunbalanya, Northern Territory. It enquires
about the values, behaviours, social norms and controls that
influence participants’ perceptions and experiences of harm and
safety. An intercultural and strengths-based approach is needed
to understand these multifaceted issues beyond simply measuring
crime and violence.
The study uses social disorganisation and ecological systems
theories to understand how community members and service
providers manage harmful behaviours and leverage values,
attitudes and beliefs which are perceived to enhance safety. This
mixed methods research involves long-term fieldwork, undertaken
from September 2015 to October 2017 where the majority of
residents are Indigenous. Data collection includes 19
semi-structured interviews and 55 questionnaires involving 78
Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants. This intercultural
concept of Indigenous community safety: 1) identifies
neighbourhood problems which need to be addressed for the
community to reduce harm and improve safety; 2) embraces the
strengths-based elements of kinship, law and ceremonies; and 3)
develops a practical approach to understand how services could
better enable positive behaviour change in Gunbalanya.
In Gunbalanya, harmful behaviours are multi-layered and
intimately interlinked. This concept of community safety has
three main dimensions: interpersonal and community harm and the
strengths-based values of Aboriginal Law. At the interpersonal
level, neighbourhood problems occur amongst close kin
relationships where children and elderly persons are most
vulnerable. Interpersonal neighbourhood problems include alcohol
and substance misuse, interpersonal and family violence,
gambling, mental health issues and dangerous driving. These
reoccurring patterns of behaviour at the interpersonal level have
flow-on effects across the community and articulate in broader
social issues. At the community level, distal neighbourhood
problems include youth delinquency and fractured parent-child
relationships, collective trauma, and intergenerational
transmission of violence.
Findings from this research suggest that future strategies for
addressing these challenges need to build on Kunwinjku values as
the foundation for enabling healthy and respectful relationships.
At the third level, the values and beliefs in Kunwinjku society
promote positive relationships through mutual respect including
listening, helping and sharing with each other. These values are
practiced through Aboriginal dispute resolution strategies and
have the potential for use in formal service delivery. However,
ongoing patterns of harmful behaviours are fracturing respect and
belief in Aboriginal Law as social norms and controls are less
able to manage delinquent and other harmful behaviours.
Strengths-based solutions are required to engage elders and young
people in a process of transgenerational learning according to
the practices of Aboriginal Law.
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Oruche, Ukamaka Marian. "Predicting Treatment Response of Adolescents with Serious Emotional Disturbance." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2770.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Serious emotional disturbance, including disruptive disorders (i.e., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder), affects large numbers of adolescents, with costly and tragic consequences. Adolescents with disruptive disorders are likely to be arrested, drop out of school, and have poor treatment outcomes. There is an urgent need to identify strengths-based factors associated with improvement in adolescents’ behavioral and social functioning to help them achieve their full potential. The purpose of this study was to determine whether change in adolescent personal strengths and change in family functioning over 12 months predicted changes in behavioral and social functioning for adolescents with disruptive disorders who participated in a System of Care (SOC) program and if findings varied by race. De-identified data from 179 adolescents, aged 12-17 years, with disruptive disorders and their caregivers were included in this secondary analysis. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations, t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate multiple regressions. Upon admission to the program, caregiver ratings indicated that African American adolescents had greater personal strengths (p = .001), fewer behavior problems (p < .001), and less functional impairment (p < .001) compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Girls had more behavior problems (p = .05) and fewer personal strengths than boys (p < .001). Increase in caregiver-rated adolescent personal strengths was significantly associated with improvement in caregiver-rated adolescent behavioral and social functioning (p < .001). Change in caregiver-rated family functioning was not significantly associated with change in caregiver-rated adolescent behavioral and social functioning (p = .171). The strength and direction of predictors did not vary by race. The adolescents in the study participated in a SOC program that emphasized their strengths versus, primarily, focusing on their deficits. Change in caregiver ratings of adolescent personal strengths was a significant predictor of change in adolescent behavioral and social functioning over a 12 months period. Findings provide evidence for psychiatric mental health professionals to focus on enhancing adolescent personal strengths to improve behavioral and social functioning in adolescents with disruptive disorders. Future research is needed to understand the impact of family variables on adolescents’ treatment outcomes.
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Aradas, Ana Carolina Martins dos Santos de Carvalho. "Abordagem baseada nas rotinas: perceção dos terapeutas da fala." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7708.
Full textAbstract:
A Abordagem Baseada nas rotinas é preconizada na intervenção precoce, pois valoriza as
rotinas das crianças nos contextos naturais e com os cuidadores de maior afeto, sendo
também as Práticas Centradas na Família um pilar desta abordagem.
Esta investigação procurou auscultar os Terapeutas da Fala (TF) portugueses sobre a
Abordagem Baseada nas Rotinas, recolhendo a sua perceção sobre a mesma e indagando
se a utilizam na sua prática profissional. Para a operacionalização destes objetivos
formularam-se 5 questões que envolveram os graus de importância e frequência na prática
profissional dos TF, bem como a identificação de fatores facilitadores e barreira à sua
implementação e vantagens e desvantagem neste tipo de intervenção. Estes Terapeutas
também foram questionados sobre quais as estratégias que consideram pertinentes para a
implementação desta abordagem. Para obtenção das respostas desenvolveu-se um estudo
com desenho quantitativo recorrendo-se à aplicação de um questionário divulgado online,
tendo sido salvaguardadas questões éticas, não esquecendo o anonimato dos
intervenientes e a confidencialidade das informações recolhidas. Os dados foram
recolhidos entre os meses de novembro e dezembro do ano transato, sendo a amostra
constituída por 55 Terapeutas da Fala que responderam ao questionário. Os dados foram
tratados com recurso à estatística inferencial através do Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences e técnicas de análise de conteúdo para as respostas semiabertas. Após estas duas
análises - quantitativa e qualitativa – conclui-se que os Terapeutas consideram muito
importante a Abordagem Baseada nas Rotinas, embora apresentem alguma dificuldade
em a executar de uma forma regular na sua prática profissional. Também foram
encontrados alguns fatores facilitadores e fatores barreira, que poderão justificar as
dificuldades sentidas na sua implantação. Por fim, foram destacadas vantagens e
desvantagens, bem como algumas estratégias que são reconhecidas e implementadas
pelos TF no âmbito desta Abordagem.The Routine-Based intervention is advocated in early intervention, as it values children's routines in natural settings and with caregivers of greater affection and, Family-Centered Practices are also a pillar of this Approach. In this investigation we sought to listen to the Portuguese speech-language therapists (SLT) about the routine-based intervention, gathering their perception about it and asking if they use it in their professional practice. In order to implement these objectives, 5 questions were asked involving the degrees of importance and frequency in the SLTs´ work experience, as well as the facilitating factors and barrier to the implementation, and if there are advantages and disadvantages in this type of intervention. These therapists were also asked what strategies they considered relevant to the implementation of this approach. To obtain answers, a quantitative study was developed using a online questionnaire, where all ethical questions were safeguarded, not forgetting the anonymity of the participants and the confidentiality of the information collected. Data were collected between November and December of last year, 55 Speech-language Therapists answered the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, and content analysis for descriptive answers. After these two reviews - quantitative and qualitative - we can conclude that the Therapists consider the Routine-based intervention very important, although they have some difficulty in performing it on a regular basis in their professional practice. We also found some facilitating factors and barrier factors, which may justify the difficulties experienced in its implementation. Finally, advantages and disadvantages were found, as well as some strategies recognized and implemented by Speech-language therapist in this Approach.
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Van, Rensburg Madri Stephani Jansen. "From victim to victory: the experiences of abused women and the salience of the support they encounter." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2048.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis includes four studies investigating the experiences of abused women. According to ecological approaches different systems should be considered when conducting research into abused women and their experiences.
The first study involved women who successfully left an abusive relationship. An ecological approach was used to investigate the experiences of the women in the different phases of their relationship, including the initial attraction to the partner, the development and sustaining of the abuse and her attempts to leave until her final decision to leave permanently. An important finding was the importance of considering and investigating all systems and levels when dealing with abused women, including those who have left and those who are contemplating leaving this relationship.
The second study found that women who experienced physical abuse were often hurt in anatomical locations that were indicative of impulsive violence. The abuser used any object in the heat of the moment to attack the victim and no premeditated planning was evident in the type of injuries sustained. The women further reported that medical practitioners did not investigate the causes of injuries and that they were not referred to social services or organisations dealing with abused women, although they were recognised as suffering from abuse.
The intersection of abuse of women and HIV was the topic of focus of the third study. A review of the records of abused women revealed that many abused women were subjected to risk factors for contracting HIV, with counsellors focussing only on abuse issues. Longitudinal case studies, of women exposed to both conditions, revealed that they lacked social support and were often secondarily victimised by the social welfare systems. An environmental scan found that social and health care services were not accessible to these women.
The final study investigated intervention strategies to combat burnout in workers at an organisation dealing with abused women. The importance and effectiveness of creative exercises and art sessions were determined in combination with debriefing and supervision sessions.
The studies all considered systems that are important in service delivery to abused women. A holistic and systemic investigation and treatment of abused women is shown to be essential, as is the importance of grass roots research.Psychology
D. Phil. (Psychology)