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Saadanbekova, Cholpon I., Cholpon S. Usupova, and Maryam Shysyr. "The Impact of Social Institutions on Gender Socialization in Contemporary Conditions." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 1 (January 2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.01-23.107.
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This article examines the influence of social institutions on the socialization of gender. Gender socialization forms the gender division that exists in society. A person who is socialized based on his gender is highly likely to reproduce gender stereotypes later. The most important impact on socialization is influenced by the family, society, and the media. The family is a unique social institution, an intermediary between the individual and the state, a translator of fundamental values from generation to generation. School is an effective institution in the formation of a person’s personality. The media is an institution of mass communication that operates according to certain rules. In this regard, gender socialization is hierarchically affected in the family – society – education – media – self-awareness – self-realization complex.
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Briella, Theodora Anggika. "Understanding the Influence of Family Dynamics on Gender Identity Formation in Pre-school Children." Acta Psychologia 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2024): 70–80. https://doi.org/10.35335/psychologia.v3i2.60.
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Gender identity development in pre-school children is a complex process influenced by individual, familial, and societal factors. This research investigates the role of the family in shaping children's understanding and expression of gender, drawing on a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative interviews, observations, and quantitative surveys. The study examines parental socialization practices, attitudes, and beliefs regarding gender, as well as the influence of sibling and peer interactions, cultural norms, and socioeconomic factors within the family context. Findings highlight the central role of parents as primary socialization agents, transmitting cultural norms and values related to gender through everyday interactions and practices. Sibling and peer influences further shape children's understanding of gender, while cultural and societal factors intersect with family dynamics to influence perceptions of gender roles and expectations. Practical implications for parents, educators, and policymakers are discussed, emphasizing the importance of fostering awareness, reflection, and action to create supportive environments that empower children to explore and embrace their gender identity authentically and affirmatively. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the processes underlying gender identity formation in early childhood and informs interventions and policies aimed at promoting healthy gender development in pre-school children.
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Kim, Taehan. "Gender Differences Regarding the Effects of Family and School Factors on Socialization of Middle School Students." Korea Association of Yeolin Education 28, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18230/tjye.2020.28.4.1.
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Mareková, Hermína. "GENDER VIOLENCE AS A POSSIBLE OBJECT OF SOCIALIZATION FOR BOTH SEXES." Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences 1 (November 16, 2020): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pss.v1.64.
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There are countless theories and models of socialization. All of these theories agree on one thing: it is a process, during which people pass on and absorb social values and norms, including the norms that apply to gender. Socialization is not a one-way process, in which our children acquire information from our “adult” world. It is rather a two-way process.
Children socialize with each other in everyday interactions – both at home and away from home. In the theories of socialization at school, from the point of view of interaction, the focus is on the microsocial area, i.e the interaction between subjects. The basic concept of all interactions is therefore communication between the subjects. The individuals have a common set of symbols – speech – at their disposal and are confronted with the expectation of a stabilized behavior. The occurrence of violence in the child's family and in the social environment has significant socializing and educational effects, in a negative sense.
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Raja, Amir. "Exploring Gender Construction within Families: A Study of the Socialization of Muslim Girls in Kalaiya, Bara, Nepal." Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 60–68. https://doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v18i2.73312.
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This paper explores gender socialization using the social construction of gender theory and integrates it with intersectionality theory, focusing on the existing positioning of Tarai Muslim girls. The study internalizes the existing heterogeneity among Muslims of Nepal and focuses on the Tarai Muslims with its research site in Kalaiya, Bara. The qualitative study employs in-depth interviews, key-informant interviews (KIIs), and focus-group discussions (FGDs). By using purposive sampling, participants were selected, and an in-depth interview of 20 parents (10 males and 10 females) was carried out, which was followed by two FGDs: five male parents in the first round of FGD and five female parents in the second round of FGD. This also involved conducting KII with five participants from each group of religious scholars and Muslim girls enrolled in government schools. The research findings suggest that gender socialization results from social factors prevailing within the family, influenced by religious, local, and national contexts. The social norms contributing to gender socialization involve widely held beliefs within the family that perceive the daughter as ijjat of the family and consider them as ‘other house property.’ Similarly, existing practices where females are nurtured to be inherently reliant on males and the beliefs of allocating binary roles to males and females contribute to gender socialization. Moreover, the contradiction of the religious values of Muslims with the local context influenced by the Nepali state is another factor supporting the gender socialization of Muslim girls.
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Riehl, Carolyn, and Mark A. Byrd. "Gender Differences Among New Recruits to School Administration: Cautionary Footnotes to an Optimistic Tale." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 19, no. 1 (March 1997): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737019001045.
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In this study, we examine factors associated with the career move from school teaching to building-level administration, using nationally representative data on about 4,800 elementary and secondary public school teachers. Having administrative experience and a degree in administration were the most important predictors of becoming an administrator. Planning to leave teaching improved men’s chances, while family context decreased women’s chances. Overall, socialization factors—having aspirations, qualifications, and experience—were salient for both men and women. Nevertheless, the positive effects of these factors for women did not counteract other factors, including unmeasured ones, and so women’s predicted probability of becoming a school administrator remained far below that for men.
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Jin, Xilin. "How Gender Stereotype in Education Impact Female Students’ Development in Secondary School." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 12 (April 19, 2023): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v12i.7644.
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Currently, gender equality has gained considerable development across the world. However, gender issues did not really disappear. Gender bias and gender discrimination still widely exist in society and the field of education. The achievement of gender equality will always be an unavoidable key issue in education. Because secondary school students are in a critical stage of socialization, the educational environment can readily influence their gender preconceptions. Finding gender stereotypes that harm secondary school girls is crucial for reducing their effects. The research on gender stereotype of female teenagers in the secondary school setting is reviewed in this paper. By analyzing research done previously, the author aims to determine the effect of gender stereotypes on female adolescents’ development. This paper summarizes stereotypes from three aspects: the family, the school and society. Females were likely to grow up with negative influences from the three perspectives above, resulting in lower self-confidence and more mental health problems, hence catering to a rigid social identity rather than choosing a future path based on their interests and abilities. The findings highlight that educators, parents and public media need to support both male and female students in all academic areas.
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Cohen, Flora, Sarah R. Meyer, Ilana Seff, Cyril Bennouna, Carine Allaf, and Lindsay Stark. "Intersectionality: Experiences of Gender Socialization and Racialization for Iraqi Students Resettled in the United States." Journal on Education in Emergencies 8, no. 2 (2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33682/1xf5-ef54.
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Individuals from conflict-affected countries, such as Iraq, face formidable challenges when they resettle in the United States. Drawing from intersectionality theory, we explore the lived experiences of adolescent boys and girls from Iraq who have resettled in Texas and Virginia. In this qualitative study, we focus on the school as an institution that is positioned to enforce, or to combat, systemic and interpersonal inequalities among young refugees, especially in terms of gender and race. Our thematic analysis identifies the ways their interactions with teachers, peers, and family in the school context have shaped the socialization of these adolescent boys and girls from Iraq. The study findings reflect the importance of understanding how education settings can affect the intersectional experiences of conflict-affected youth who have resettled in the United States.
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AVAKAME, EDEM F. "Modeling the Patriarchal Factor in Juvenile Delinquency." Criminal Justice and Behavior 24, no. 4 (December 1997): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854897024004005.
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This article attempts to extend power-control theory by (a) explicitly accounting for the ideological component of patriarchy and (b) examining the influences of extrafamilial socialization agents—peer groups, the church, and television—on the development of patriarchal sex-role attitudes, taste for risk, and delinquent activity. Data generated by a study of high school seniors from three Canadian cities were used for the study. There were substantial gender differences among matriarchal, egalitarian, and patriarchal family types in regard to parental relational and instrumental control, but these differences were not in directions suggested by power-control theory. In a similar vein, the data did not support the argument that the analytic focus must extend beyond the nuclear family and its socialization methods to properly account for the development of patriarchal sex-role attitudes.
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Manchana, Varalakshmi, and Srujan Vineet Gannavarapu. "Role of Gender perceptions in shaping gender-based discrimination and gender equality among school-going adolescents, Telangana: A cross-sectional community-based study." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, no. 2 (February 2024): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1238_23.
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ABSTRACT Background: Adolescence is a unique phase of life, facilitates the transition of a child to an adult, and thus is characterized with distinctive challenges as well as potentialities. Gender socialization during adolescence is shaped by the family, culture, and social construct results to development of attitudes, with more consistent and organized vision toward self and the society. Aim: The present study aims to identify the gender attitudes, perceived gender role, and gender discrimination among adolescents. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive design adopted to study the gender perceptions among adolescents (N = 200) between 8th and 12th standards and meeting the inclusive criteria. Data were collected on gender attributes, attitudes, and perceived discrimination based on gender. Gender equality scores measured among students were categorized between high and low. Results: Findings reveal the persistence of gendered attitudes, roles, and relationships based on gender; 54% girls and 58% boys reported that boys/men are expected to be tough and less emotional and (37.5% girls; 46% boys) agreed that men were decision makers in the financial and family matters and women were felt as lesser role players. Overall, 46% were with gender-biased perceptions. Girls (18%) and boys (5%) reported sexual abuse; however, for any gender abuse, only 16% preferred to seek help from the family members. Conclusion: Findings of the present study highlight the need for gender sensitization in education and schools to transform gender-balanced attitudes and behaviors from young age which greatly affect the inter-personal relationships, affecting behaviors and relationships in families and societies in adulthood.
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Dueñas, Jorge-Manuel, Bernardina Santiago-Larrieu, Gisela Ferre-Rey, and Sandra Cosi. "Ambivalent sexism in adolescence: The relationship between family socialization styles and ambivalent sexism in adolescence." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 14, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v14i1.3923.
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The aims of the present study are to identify the role that family socialisation styles play in ambivalent sexism and whether differences in sexism can be attributed to gender. We used a sample of 207 adolescents (56.5% girls), all of whom attended state schools and were aged between 14 and 18 years old, with an average age of 16.2 (SD = 1.7). The instruments used were the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) consisting of two factors – hostile sexism and benevolent sexism – and the Family Socialization Scale (SOC-30) made up of four subscales: support, punishment/coercion, overprotection/control, and reprobation. The results show that boys presented higher levels of ambivalent sexism than girls and the reprobation of adolescents was the family socialization type that had the strongest associations with ambivalent sexism scales in both genders. The data suggest that family socialisation dynamics play an important role in the acquisition and retention of sexist attitudes.
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Bashatah, Lina, and Afnan Al-Shahrani. "Methods Used in Developing Financial Awareness among Primary School Children as Perceived by Parents." International Journal for Research in Education 48, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 196–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.36771/ijre.48.1.24-pp196-227.
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The study aimed to identify the methods used to developing financial awareness and the obstacles among children in the primary classes as perceived by parents. Besides, it showed the differences among the sample according to the parent's gender, their educational qualifications, the student's gender, and the school type (public, private). Therefore, the study used the descriptive survey method, and the two researchers developed a questionnaire that was applied to a sample of (357) parents of primary pupils in public and private schools at Abha city. The results showed that experiential learning and storytelling were the methods that sample used with their children. However, the obstacles they face were the negative impact of social media on motivating their children's financial awareness. Also, there is no statistically significant differences between the methods used and the obstacles they face attributed to the parent's and pupil’s gender. However, there is a statistically significant differences between the methods used attributed to educational qualification, in favor of the parents who have a diploma and to the public-school type for pupils. Accordingly, the study recommended developing training programs for parents concerned with encouraging financial awareness for primary school children. Keywords: financial awareness, early childhood, parents, family, financial socialization.
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KALAUR, SVITLANA, and MARYNA VOLOSHENKO. "THE IMPACT OF FAMILY COMPOSITION ON FORMATION OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S FUTURE FAMILY IMAGE." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.21.2.20.
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Parental family is a first social individual environment, a socialization environment. Children learn life standards from their family, “community standards” from society and perceive culture through their parents. Precisely in the family a person receives first family experience, assimilates rules and norms of behavior. Parental family becomes the most approachable observation instance and as per several conditions – inheritance pattern. Presence of family in a child’s life affects the personality of adolescents and forms the idea of their future family. As well as extended one, single parent family can also affect adolescent’s future family image, which they intend to start. Single mothers use to make the situation worse as for the problems connected with father’s absence in family life, thus forming child’s negative attitude towards the father, and thereafter to their gender – for boys, and opposite sex – for girls. Presently main features of traditional male role in a family and their contribution to the implementation of household duties are criticized by women. This forced scientists to pay greater attention to problems connected with role of man and father. It is established, that in traditional men’s social role there are several aspects that are being actively imposed on and supported namely by women. Mostly these stereotypes are connected with social role of “father and mother” in the modern family.
Periods of family development (“a family that is awaiting a child”, “a family with a newborn baby”, “a family with a pre-school child”, “a schoolchild’s family”, “a family with a child of high school age”) were analyzed, and functions of all family members were described in this research. Maximizing the selected range of functions will provide sustainability on all stages of family development. Focus is on lighting attitudes of scientists regarding the image of the family and its impact on children’s socialization.
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Karkowska, Magda. "Aware and unaware- stereotypes and gender scripts in family narratives in the process of education." Studia z Teorii Wychowania XV, no. 3 (48) (October 6, 2024): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.7895.
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The aim of the article is to discuss the issues of shaping gender roles in children of early school age, taking into account the importance of stereotypes and gender scripts in this process.First of all, the basic concepts of roles, stereotypes and scripts referring to gender were presented, then I briefly reconstructed the basic assumptions of theories explaining the process of shaping a child's gender identity, in the second part of the considerations I discuss the most common patterns of female and male roles in Polish culture and present their relationships with the construction of identity, at the end I shared information on what behaviors should be avoided and how can we replace them so as not to disturb the formation of the child's ideas about functioning in gender roles. I am looking for answers to questions important from the research point of view: what role does communicative knowledge play in the process of shaping children's ideas about gender roles, and what role does conjunctive knowledge (experience) play? Is it possible to avoid stereotyping that comes from the dichotomy of gender roles in interactions with a child? How do images of gender roles become scripts? What is the significance of interference of messages from different environments (family, school, peer group) for the formation of a child's gender identity?Finally I emphasize the importance of both the narrative and dialogical character of education as a process of conscious influence on the formation of the child's ideas about gender roles (communicative knowledge), but also the broader impact of socialization processes, including intergenerational transmission (knowledge/conjuctive experience).
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Gubanova, T. S. "Representation of male and female family roles in Soviet magazines of the late 1960-ies – 1970-ies." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 29, no. 3 (October 24, 2023): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2023-29-3-59-64.
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The social institution of the family as an environment for the formation and evolution of gender roles is of particular interest for the study of Soviet society. The government controlled the private sphere of public life even in the late USSR. The media were an important social institution that influenced the construction of ideas about gender and reproduced images of desired models of family relations and the gender structure of society. Gender analysis can be used to identify popular stereotypes about masculinity and femininity, as well as gender family roles in the late USSR. In this paper, the author analyzes the materials of Soviet magazines and newspapers published from the late 1960-ies to the 1970-ies: the magazine for parents and teachers «Family and School», the popular science magazine «Health», the advertising magazine «New goods», the children’s magazines «Murzilka» and «Funny Pictures». These publications are aimed at different readership. This allows us to get a more complete picture of the real and desired models of masculinity and femininity in late Soviet society. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn about significant discrepancies between the declared equality of women and men in Soviet society and the real gender structure. The representation of stereotypical models of family relations indicates contradictions in the peculiarities of male and female gender socialization, as well as in the gender differentiation of family and household functions of men and women.
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González Escalona, Niurka, Julia Maricela Torres Esperón, Noralydis Rodríguez Washigton, Jennifer Iexela Villafaña Cruz, and Rosalie Carasa Alvarez. "Perpectives on Gender: An Investigative Study of Gender Equity in Children [Espejuelos para el género: Apuestas investigativas por la equidad en la infancia]." Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 8, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v8i2.4324.
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The construction of gender identities begins at a very early age. These identities are consolidated through the influence of various socialization actors, among which the family, the school, and the media stand out. Therefore, addressing gender issues is necessary from childhood to ensure that girls and boys reach adulthood as women and men capable of establishing more equitable, horizontal, collaborative, and healthy gender relations. For this reason, since 2012, Perspectives on Gender [Espejuelos para el Género] has conducted a school research project, focusing on the second cycle of primary education in Cuba. The collective goals of the two phases of the project were to analyze gender constructs in girls and boys as well as those associated with actors involved in the children’s formal and informal education, such as family, teachers and the media. The basic methodological design was conceived from arts-based action research. Up until now, the persistence of sexist gender stereotypes has been identified in the scenarios and subjects under study although, at a discursive level, some gender equity is noticeable. This article describes the main results of the project. Editors' note: The English version of this article is a translation from the original Spanish, and this special feature is a result of a partnership between IJPS and the University of Havana, Cuba. The original Spanish article appears after the English translation.
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Jakubowski, Jakub. "Między starym a nowym: źródła wiedzy licealistów o polityce w procesie socjalizacji." Studia Edukacyjne, no. 61 (June 15, 2021): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/se.2021.61.6.
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The process of political socialization takes place on many levels and depends on various factors, such as family, peer group or school. The basic catalog of them includes the media as well. The main ob[1]jective of the article is to diagnose their role in the process of social adjustment in the area of politics of high school youth from the region of Wielkopolska. The surveys conducted among high school students helped examine a number of factors: sources of knowledge about politics, media formats on the Internet as well as the most important actors playing the role of opinion leaders in the process of political socialization of young people. The study proved that young people display features of media use characteristic of “traditional” mass communication tools (such as television), but also a tendency to use new forms of media, characteristic of “generation Z”. At the same time, significant differences in this respect were observed on the grounds of gender and the declared approach to the religion by young people from Wielkopolska region.
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Forni, Dalila. "Breaking female stereotypes: Bianca Pitzorno’s girls and the power of literature on gender socialization." Journal of Literary Education, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/jle.3.15998.
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Bianca Pitzorno is one of Italy’s most famous children’s writers. Her works – more than forty books translated into different languages – often address topics linked to gender identity and femininity. Pitzorno’s novels for children usually depict non-canonical female characters: rebel, dynamic and intelligent young girls that fight against adult injustice in order to affirm their agency.
The paper aims to explore female portrayals in Pitzorno’s novels and their potential educational impact in reconsidering gender stereotypes and roles from an early age. Literature is one of the most influential tools in the construction of gender ideals and gender socialization. Consequently, positive female models – as Pitzorno’s characters – should be offered to young readers from an early age in order to foster an inclusive collective imagination about femininity.
For instance, Extraterrestre alla pari [Aliens on par] (1979) directly focuses on gender issues telling the story of a young alien coming from a planet where young boys and girls do not know their sex until they reach adulthood. For this reason, they are considered as gender-neutral beings. Likewise, L’incredibile storia di Lavinia [Lavinia and the magic ring] (1985) ironically retells Hans Christian Andersen’s The Little Match Girl working on humor and female agency. Finally, Principessa Laurentina [Princess Laurentina] (1990) deals with adolescence and family dynamics, offering different portrayals of female identity, from a young age to adulthood.
Because of the brilliant and nontraditional depiction of female figures and the deconstruction of gender canon in a simple but captivating way, Pitzorno’s novels should be internationally considered in primary school curriculums as a starting point to introduce gender diversity in reading programs and to discuss gender issues with the help of adult figures such as teachers, educators and parents.
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Chaerunnisa, Luq Yana. "Studi Kasus Pembelajaran Tematik Integratif Berbasis Gender di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah." Journal of Integrated Elementary Education 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jieed.v2i1.10854.
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Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik integratif berbasis gender di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Semarang. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik datanya menggunakan model Miles and Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru mengintegrasikan pendidikan berbasis gender melalui pilihan tema yang tepat dan refleksi terhadap peran dan tanggungjawab laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kehidupan keluarga dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Selain itu, Sekolah juga telah mengkampanyekan slogan berbasis gender dan menyedediakan sarana dan prasarana yang ramah gender, seperti penyediaan kamar mandi untuk laki-laki dan perempuan. Namun demikian, belum ada kebijakan dan kurikulum yang diberikan oleh sekolah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman gender kepada guru. Hasil penelitian memberikan saran untuk memperluas sosialisasi standar dan nilai-nilai sekolah ramah gender serta implikasinya dalam pembelajaran tematik integratif yang dilaksanakan oleh pendidik dan stakeholders lainnya.In English: This article aims to determine the implementation of gender-based integrative thematic learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Semarang. The research instrument uses interviews and documentation. The data technique uses the Miles and Huberman model. The results show that teachers integrate gender-based education through choosing the right theme and reflecting on the roles and responsibilities of men and women in family life and the surrounding environment. In addition, the school has campaigned for a gender-based slogan and provided gender-friendly facilities and infrastructure, such as the provision of bathrooms for boys and girls. However, there are no policies and curricula provided by schools to improve gender understanding for teachers. The study results suggest expanding the socialization of gender-friendly school standards and values and their implications in integrative thematic learning by educators and other stakeholders.
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Nagy, Ádám, and Levente Székely. "The Basis and the Structure of the Tertiary Socialization Field and the “Youth-Affairs” as an Autonomous Area." Acta Technologica Dubnicae 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atd-2015-0055.
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AbstractMany models have been made during the study of the chronology and areas of the socialization process and thus the extrafamilial and extracurricular platforms have often been in focus. Many theories have been created about the periods preceding adulthood, i.e. youth. Now, on the borderline of the two areas a new profession is in the making, targeting youth in an extrafamilial and extracurricular context. This new area deserves thorough analysis with a focus on theoretical background since models of leisure environments outside the family and school are now on the same footing with youth education and socialization. The current study deals with leisure environment and youth. It reviews theories of socialization environments and venues, provides a grouping of them and introduces a new theory that best fits into the conceptual apparatus of the youth area and serves as a solid foundation for it. In addition, scientific and international agreements pertaining to the periods of youth will be looked at, and an attempt will be made to create a break-down by age group that is best adaptable to the extrafamilial and curricular environment. It must be stressed that the present study does not deal with the repertory of socialization themes, such as gender socialization, moral socialization, political socialization and others, but merely those environments where these take place.
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Béki, Piroska, and Gábor Géczi. "Women on ice - gender equalization." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 11, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2017): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2017/1-2/17.
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In the last decades the women started to do sports which were originally masculine (Pfister, 1990). The parity led to the slow transformation of the old-school thinking about the traditional roles of sexes (Hall, 1996). The main questions of our investigation were whether the athletes’ thought of the figure skating and the ice hockey are different according to their sport or to the existing stereotypes in the Hungarian sport society. We used semi-structured interviews to gather opinions of two different gender type icy sports’ top women athletes (figure skating and ice hockey) to see their viewpoints about the gender equalization. We can verify Metheny (1965) findings, that the social acceptance or refusal of women in sports on the basis of traditional features is changing slightly. Research questions were: Are there differences in the childhood sport socialization processes of the representatives of the two sports? What was the motivation behind their choice of sports? Are there differences in the gender identities of female athletes? What is the athletes’ opinion on one another and the representatives of the other sport? Method was semi-structured in-depth interviews and the samples were the members of the Hungarian women ice hockey and figure skating national team. According to our results family and siblings were decisive in the childhood socialization process. Early age patterns do not seem to have much influence on the selection of sport. Although among water polo/ice hockey girls there were a few tomboys. Among the ice hockey team members there were girlish girls and boyish girls as well, but among the figure skaters there were no one who was boyish. No differences can be observed in their views on gender roles concerning for example employment or housework.
JEL Code: Z29
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Ismail, Zeenat, and Jehangir Kaleem. "Television Viewing and Consumer Behavior: The Effect of Personality Traits and Demographic Variables on Children’s Consumer Socialization." Journal of Sociological Research 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v4i2.3795.
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<h1><span lang="EN-GB">The central purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between television viewing habits of children and their consumer behavior, however this study also focuses on possible factors influencing television viewing. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed to school going children between the ages of 10-12, personality measurements were taken through a semantic test.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> The aspects of children’s consumer socialization included in this study are how much television children watch, what they watch and their purchasing behavior. The children’s gender and family income are considered as influences on their television viewing and consumer socialization. Results of the study indicated that family income and personality traits had a significant effect on the Childs consumer socialization; it also identified relationship between other demographic factors and consumer socialization. Shown by a p value in the chi-square table as p<0.1.</span><span lang="EN-GB">This research was originally conducted in Malaysia and it will be interesting to see its results in Pakistan, secondly with the growing influence of television viewing in our everyday lives and also the identification of children as a vital part of the consumer population this study carries importance both in the field of psychology and marketing. </span></h1><h1> </h1>
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Ogunsanwo, Mojisola, and Abolaji Bukki. "Family Pornography and Undergraduates Sexual Behaviour in Public Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 9, no. 2 (November 3, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v9i2.169.
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This study examined family pornography and undergraduate sexual behavior in public tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study uses a cross-sectional survey design and selects 400 respondents for this study. We validate the questionnaire by assessing respondents’ responses using Cronbach alpha (score = 0.87). The hypotheses were formulated and tested using Multiple Regression and Chi-square at a 5% significance level. The results indicated that family pornography predicted the undergraduates' sexual behavior and family type also influenced the undergraduates' sexual behavior. The results further revealed that age, gender, religion, and family structure had significant relationships on sexual behavior but not with the ethnical background and academic discipline of the students. It recommends that parents should not be left alone in this campaign. Other agents of socialization, such as school and religious organizations, should also see that adolescents are informed about sexualities and the risks involved in risky sexual behaviors.
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鄭涵文, 鄭涵文, and 陸偉明 陸偉明. "家庭經驗、社群互動以及學校對國中生性別平等觀念之影響." 教育研究學報 57, no. 2 (October 2023): 027–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199044282023105702002.
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<p>性別平等是不論國內還是國際社會努力追求的目標之一,更是台灣在頒布性別平等教育法後於學校努力的方向。性別平等觀念往往是透過社會化。因此本研究以階層迴歸來分析社會化環境中的家庭、同儕社群以及學校對國中生性別平等觀念的獨特解釋力。本研究以立意抽樣的方式選取台灣北中南三地區 30 個九年級班級共 792 名學生,研究發現,性別、家庭經驗、社群互動及學校經驗都對國中生之性別平等觀念有解釋力,性別與家庭經驗對性別平等概念也存在有顯著的調節效果。相較於女生,家庭經驗更能增進其性別平等概念。最後根據本研究結果提出對家長、學校教師、有關當局及後續研究者之建議。</p> <p> </p><p>Gender equality has become a key goal in both national and international communities. In Taiwan, it gained additional attention following the enactment of the "Gender Equity Education Act". The socialization process significantly influences perceptions of gender equality among students, with family, peer groups, and educational institutions, which are the most accessible social resources for students, being particularly influential in this process. However, the unique contributions of these social elements warrant further investigation. The present study recruited 792 ninth-grade students from 30 classes in Taiwan and employed hierarchical regression analysis to analyze the collected survey data. The results indicate that gender, family experiences, social interactions, and school experiences each exert a unique, positive influence on perceptions of gender equality among students. In addition, gender and family experience were discovered to have a moderate effect on these perceptions of gender equality. This study further offered targeted suggestions for parents, teachers, and relevant authorities for enhancing gender equality awareness.</p> <p> </p>
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Tarasova, Tetiana. "The concept of «successful personality of a high school student» in the context of implementation of gender policy of ukraine." Social work and social education, no. 1(6) (April 15, 2021): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.1(6).2021.234133.
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The article is devoted to the current issues of modernity in the formation of a socially successful personality of a high school student with gender socialization.
From the standpoint of a disciplinary approach, the author outlines the specifics of the concepts of «success», «successful personality», analyzes the features of gender policy in Ukraine based on the implementation of international regulations and national legislation to ensure equal conditions for the general secondary education implementation. Equal rights of schoolchildren, counteraction to any forms of discrimination. The reflection of scientific achievements and the results of the ascertaining stage of the experiment allowed the author to determine the connection between the psychophysiological features of adolescence and the understanding of high school students of the concepts of «social success», «gender».
The author formulates working definitions of concepts: «socially successful personality of a high school student» is «the implementation of the process and the result of achieving goals in various activities, which is an indicator of self-efficacy at the individual and social levels»; Under the gender features of the formation of the socially successful personality of high school students means «actions and results of consolidation of educational and pedagogical efforts of teachers, parents, family, relatives, the public aimed at successful personal development, encouragement, development and recognition of the subject of educational process in all spheres of public life, adherence to democratic values, egalitarianism, counteraction to all forms of discrimination».
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Firdaus, Hariandi Viky, and Devi Rusli. "Pengaruh Konsep Diri terhadap Asertivitas Siswa SMA Negeri 15 Padang." ALSYS 5, no. 2 (January 31, 2025): 234–44. https://doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v5i2.4844.
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Socialization is one of the human social developments. Social development refers to an individual's ability to behave or act in interactions with social elements in society that meet social demands. The elements of socialization in society include family, friends, school, and mass media. In the school environment, students learn to build relationships with their peers from various family social statuses. To face the problems in the school environment, students must be brave in expressing their feelings and opinions, which is often referred to as assertiveness. This study aims to determine the influence of self-concept on assertiveness in students at SMA Negeri 15 Padang. This research uses a quantitative method. The population in this study consists of 700 students from classes XI and XII at SMA Negeri 15 Padang. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling with 140 respondents. The study used self-concept and assertiveness scales as measuring instruments. Data analysis was performed using simple regression analysis with IBM SPSS 27. The results of the hypothesis testing showed a significance value (Sig.) of 0.001 < 0.05 with a coefficient of 0.425 and an R Square value of 0.181, indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. This means that there is a positive influence of self-concept on assertiveness among students at SMA Negeri 15 Padang, with an effect size of 18.1%, while the remaining influence is shaped by other factors such as gender, parenting style, culture, and social economic status. In conclusion, the higher the self-concept, the higher the assertiveness.
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Mareková, Hermína. "FAMILY LIFE CRISIS – A COMBINATION OF TRADITIONAL AND POSTMODERN VALUES AND FORMS OF LIFE." Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences 2 (October 24, 2021): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pss.v2.228.
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In the recent times, we are witnessing turbulent changes in society which cannot be avoided, even by families. These changes began to manifest themselves most markedly at the end of World War I and became more pronounced in the second half of the 20th century. A diverse range of cohabitation forms has emerged. Discussions about these forms have multiplied, with new questions arising. There is still a debate among experts about what form of cohabitation is called "family". Is the family still considered the foundation of the state, the basic building block of society? Despite these shifts in cohabitation, we still consider the family the most stable institution in society. The older functions that the family has fulfilled so far are gradually changing as a result of the current societal changes, and divisions exist only in theoretical considerations. When examining crisis in the family, the position of women in the family is also an important aspect, especially when regarding gender equality. Few studies address the issue that "women's thinking" about the family depends on the myriad of external and internal conditions that women encounter in childhood and during their upbringing. We later transfer these "inner truths" into our behavior when we are adults.
We cannot ignore the importance of mass media, such as TV, the Internet, the various world communication networks, which are regarded by contemporary sociology as the third factor of socialization, alongside the family and school. Unfortunately, these may be regarded as rather as a factor of negative socialization.
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Numanović, Almedina, Semrija Smailović, Željko Mladenović, and Nevzeta Murić. "Social loneliness, emotional loneliness and loneliness in love as predictors of life satisfaction in adolescents." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 53, no. 3 (2023): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp53-43458.
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The primary aim of our research was to examine the impact of social loneliness, emotional loneliness and loneliness in love on life satisfaction of young people, including the variables of gender, age and material status. The study involved 200 high school students (86 female) from Novi Pazar, Serbia, 15-19 years old (M=16.76, SD=1.308). The data were collected through the scale of social loneliness, emotional loneliness and loneliness in love (SSELL) as a modified version of the scale of social and emotional loneliness among adults and the life satisfaction scale (LSS). Statistically significant impact of participants' age, material status of the family, loneliness in family and loneliness in love on life satisfaction is established. Loneliness in love is the best predictor of life satisfaction. The greater the loneliness in love, loneliness in family and material status of the family, the lower the life satisfaction. The finding that the material status of the family contributes to better socialization and a higher degree of life satisfaction is counterintuitive, given that the higher the material status of the family, the lower the life satisfaction score. There is no social loneliness in the model which predicts life satisfaction. Gender differences in terms of variables which influence life satisfaction in adolescents were established. Loneliness in love has the greatest influence on life satisfaction for men, while for female respondents, loneliness in family comes first, followed by loneliness in love. Other variables which appear in the model in the case of the undivided sample do not appear in the analysis of the subsamples by gender.
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Marconnot, Romain, Antonio Luis Marín-Rojas, Carmen Jiménez-Antona, Jorge Pérez-Corrales, Javier Güeita-Rodríguez, and Domingo Palacios-Ceña. "The Meaning of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study on the Perspective of South American Immigrant Parents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 7500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207500.
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Physical activity facilitates the acquisition of healthy habits from childhood to adulthood. There are differences in the practice of physical activity between immigrant children and native Spanish children. The aim was to describe physical activity in children, from the perspective of South American immigrant parents. A qualitative case study was conducted. Parents were recruited using purposeful sampling. Data were collected from 12 participants by means of unstructured interviews together with researcher notes. A thematic analysis was applied. The following topics were identified: (a) physical activity and health, (b) socialization, (c) the need for movement, (d) gender, (e) barriers, (f) educational burden, (g) community living, and (h) reason for immigrating. Parents described how physical activity is fundamental and has benefits for health, and for the relationship between children. They perceived that physical activity should not be limited by gender. The time dedicated to other school activities, the norms related to community living, and financial limitations were especially relevant as barriers for the performance of physical activity. These results can be used to revise the curriculum in schools, promote equal opportunities for physical activity and support family participation.
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Roberts, James A., Chris Pullig, and Meredith David. "Family conflict and adolescent compulsive buying behavior." Young Consumers 20, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-10-2018-0870.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating roles of materialism and self-esteem in explaining how family conflict leads to adolescent compulsive buying. Despite the importance of family as a primary socialization agent, scant research has focused on how family conflict impacts adolescents’ attitudes and behaviors as consumers. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 1,289 adolescents was conducted in a public high school in the Midwestern USA. Regression analyses were used to assess the mediating roles of materialism and self-esteem on the relationship between family conflict and compulsive buying. Additionally, gender was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between family conflict and the two mediating variables. Findings Results showed that family conflict increased adolescent materialism and lowered self-esteem. Gender moderated the relationship between family conflict and self-esteem with a more pronounced effect for females than males. Materialism and self-esteem were significantly related to compulsive buying. Family conflict had a significant indirect effect on compulsive buying through materialism for females and through self-esteem for both male and female. Research limitations/implications Findings suggest that family conflict impacts compulsive buying through its impact on both materialism and self-esteem. Future research is needed to explain why adolescents use compulsive buying as a coping mechanism for family conflict. Then, whether such behavior leads to improved well-being. Practical implications Results suggest that adolescents use compulsive buying to cope with family conflict. The study’s focus on family conflict, not simply divorce, expands its implications to all households, intact or not. Originality/value This study created a new model of family conflict’s impact on adolescent consumers’ attitudes and behavior.
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Rosca, Tatiana. "Psychological problems of gender and ethnicity in the relationship process of moldovian teenage immigrants from Italy." Vector European, no. 2 (January 2023): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52507/2345-1106.2022-2.26.
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In addition to family and school, the peer group is a crucial element for defining personal identity during the transition period from childhood to adulthood. Through this, the adolescent has the opportunity to be outside the safe family environment, in a process of autonomy and diversification, and to experience an equal type of socialization, capable of fulfilling a multiplicity of functions, which takes place on several levels. At the individual level, friendships provide the context conducive to the growth and development of self and personal identity, through forms of emotional involvement and sharing of meanings; at the relational level - encourages the expansion of individual interests, the enrichment of knowledge through the set of own and others' expectations, in this way forming their own opinions; at the social level - provides protection against fears related to the changes that take place during this period, allowing the realization of a sense of security and trust, of fundamental importance, thus compensating for the need for recognition, support and validation. The work represents an analysis of the phenomenon of relationality through the lens of gender and ethnicity among Moldovan teenagers in Italy.
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Yang, Jiahao. "The Research on Alcohol Consumption Among Students." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 6 (December 31, 2022): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v6i.4419.
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Despite the development of students' alcohol drinking behavior, the situation of overdrinking among students has not decreased and is increasing. This report examines the reasons of student excessive drinking and the relationship between alcohol drinking and absenteeism. By using linear regression model on a data of a group of secondary school students studying math and Portuguese to analyze the relationship between age, gender, intimacy, time go out with friends and alcohol consumption, and the correlation between alcohol consumption and absenteeism. Explain dataset of a survey based on UK student through descriptive analysis. The results show that alcohol intake increases as students growing up; more time students spent to go out with friends, more alcohol they consume; boys consume more alcohol than girls at the same age and overdrinking makes students absent from school. The harm of excessive drinking to students and the factors related to interpersonal communication, emotions during socialization and family affect alcohol consumption of students are discussed in this paper.
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Zimba, Roderick, Choshi Kasanda, Cynthy Haihambo, Marius Kudumo, Assoc Prof Hileni Kapenda, Kashinauua Neshila, and Mirjam Sheyapo. "Secondary school learners’ understanding of Namibian boys’ underachievement and under-participation in education." African Journal of Teacher Education 13, no. 3 (December 13, 2024): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v13i3.7605.
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To understand the manifestations of gender disparity in academic achievement between boys and girls, we conducted the Namibian boys’ underachievement in education study. In this article we present data from this study on secondary school learners’ understanding of the disparity. Using a pragmatic parallel mixed methods research design, systematic and criterion sampling techniques, we collected data by administering structured questionnaires to 4659 learners. We also conducted focus group discussions with purposefully selected learners. Some boys performed worse than girls and under-participated in education because they withdrew from learning activities, believed they could do without education, they were not interested in education, dropped out of school and did not actively participate in learning activities. Several parents undermined their sons’ educational achievement during socialization by giving them too much freedom to roam while strictly controlling the behaviour of their daughters; allowing their sons to abuse alcohol and drugs; not giving their sons responsibilities at home; not being concerned of their sons’ education, misconduct, and welfare. We have recommended that schools should establish boys’ academic intrinsic achievement motivation programmes by addressing their dysfunctional motivational attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours. Such programmes should also attend to the boys’ adverse external motivational factors such as negative peer pressure and lack of supportive family and community environments.
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Ninggar, Amalia, Ayun Sriatmi, and Rani Tiyas Budiyanti. "Determinan Kepatuhan Siswa terhadap Protokol Kesehatan Selama Pembelajaran Tatap Muka (PTM)." Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia 10, no. 3 (December 3, 2022): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmki.10.3.2022.202-208.
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Boyolali Sub-Regency had the highest total Covid-19 cases that was reported by Boyolali District Health Office on February 2022. The limited face-to-face learning / PTM in Boyolali Regency has been implemented on January 2022 with requirement of strict health protocols. The purposes of the study is to determine the affecting factors of students compliance in the application of health protocols during the limited face -to-face learning in Boyolali Sub-Regency. Quantitative research method with a cross-sectional approach. The total number of respondents were 359 students in SD/ MI, SMP / MTs, SMA / SMK and MA who determined by proportional sampling technique. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution and simple liniear regression.The percentage of respondents with high compliance is higher (53.5%) than respondents with low compliance (46.5%).The affecting factors were age, level of education,knowledge, infrastructure supervision of school and community members, school support, friends support, and family support which has (p-value <0,005).The factors that didn’t affect was gender (p>0,005). The school should empower school health center role. It was done by involving the students checking the application of health protocols. The education office can make a pocket book containing health protocol rules during the limited face -to-face learning which can be a guide for family. The dostrict health office should socialization to community that they can also monitor health protocols during the limited face -to-face learning
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Dalimoenthe, Iklasiah, Herlinawati, Abdul Kadir Ahmad, Evy Clara, Shandra Widiyanti, and Iskandar Agung. "Gender-Based Problems in Rural Communities: A Case Study." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0019.
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This paper aims to discuss gender issues that still often occur in rural communities in particular, namely the habit of marrying young children by their parents. This habit often contains elements of coercion, child powerlessness, “sexual violence”, and deprives children of their freedom to receive education, channel their aspirations for life, and so on. This paper is the result of research in a number of villages in two provinces in Indonesia, namely: West Java and Banten. The reason for choosing the location is because in this area there are still frequent marriages at a young age, and even tend to be maintained. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to parents who had married children aged 12 -17 years, supported by field observations, and interviews with parents. local formal and informal community leaders. The results of the study found that early marriage was influenced by various aspects, namely: poor family socio-economic background, low family educational aspirations, pressure from the social environment, and low role of local government. From each of these factors, indicators that provide the strongest contribution are identified, namely: indicators of low income levels, and lack of production capital on socio-economic background factors; indicators of low educational aspirations and the location of school buildings far from their places of residence; indicators of maintaining tradition and religion are not prohibited in terms of the social environment; and consistent indicators of the implementation of compulsory education programs and socialization of maternal-child health incentives. These indicators need to be considered in an effort to overcome the problem of young marriage, find out the causes, and convince the negative impact of young marriage.
Received: 22 October 2022 / Accepted: 30 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
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Davis Tribble, BreAnna L., Samuel H. Allen, John R. Hart, Tiffany S. Francois, and Mia A. Smith-Bynum. "“No [Right] Way to Be a Black Woman”: Exploring Gendered Racial Socialization Among Black Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 43, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684318825439.
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Using the theoretical lenses of intersectionality and racial-ethnic socialization, we conducted a focus group study with 29 Black women. We analyzed transcripts via a grounded theory approach for the sources of messages about skin color and hair and for participants’ responses to these messages. Family members were the primary source of messages about skin color and hair. Peers and the media also communicated such messages. Messages ranged from endorsement of Western standards of beauty to an embrace of darker skin colors and natural hair texture. Rather than serving as passive recipients of messages, participants sifted through and reconciled messages with varying degrees of resolution. Their accounts reflected their intersectional experiences as Black women representing a variety of physical attributes. We discuss the influence of these physical attributes on their individual racial-gender identity development in light of a second burgeoning Black hair movement in the United States, that embraces Black natural hair. Findings may help families and others build understanding of, and increase sensitivity toward, the intra- and interpersonal implications of colorism for Black women. Findings may also inform institutional policies (e.g., school, work) and practices to reduce barriers and improve consequences for the Black women navigating these settings.
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Freire, Bruno Rodarte, Pedro Alves Soares Vaz de Castro, and Andy Petroianu. "Alcohol consumption by medical students." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 7 (July 2020): 943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.7.943.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Excessive alcohol consumption is a global health issue. This article aims to evaluate the consumption of alcohol by medical students in relation to their personal and social aspects. METHODS This study was conducted with students in the first, third, and sixth year of medical school at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in 2019. Students were invited to participate anonymously by responding to a questionnaire with 15 questions regarding student characteristics (gender, age, family income, physical activity, origin, housing condition, and academic performance) and alcohol consumption (onset, reason, occasions of use, type of drink, amount consumed). Data were compared with significance corresponding to p<0.05. RESULTS A sample of 382 students of both sexes responded to the questionnaire. Alcohol consumption was reported by 85% of students. About 70% of first and third-year students and 47% of those of the sixth year were motivated by socializing with peers. Alcohol consumption was prevalent among those who practice physical activities (93%) and live with their families (89%). Around 80% had consumed alcohol before starting medical school, and consumption was more frequent in males. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption begins during high school, stimulated by socialization. Men who practice physical activities and live with their families are the largest consumers.
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Ullah, Asad, and Mussawar Shah. "Incapacitated decision making power, over emphasized obedience and its exclusionary effects on children." Journal of Social Inclusion 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36251/josi111.
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The objective of this paper is limited to determine the exclusionary effects of poor decisionmaking power of children and variation to their effects among children based on their gender, religion, family background and subjective poverty. A total of 500 children (12-18 years) were selected by systematic sampling technique from seven shopping streets and seven high schools of the District Peshawar, and interviewed. Likert scale was used as a measurement tool. Association of variables was ascertained by using Chi-square test and Kendall’s Tau-b tests, at bivariate and multivariate level. At bivariate level relationship of social exclusion was significant and negative with feeling one’s self influential in molding family level decision, having membership of any organization, liberty in choice of sport, liberty in choice of dress/shoes and people listen to child’s views. At multivariate level, the exclusionary effects of poor decision making power among children varied on the basis of their gender (male and female) and religious affiliations (Muslims and non-Muslims). Contrariwise, result of groups based on sufficiency of family income indicated a nonspurious relationship between power of making decision in children and their social exclusion. Likewise, result of groups based on joint and nuclear family affiliation indicated a non-spurious relationship between power of making decision in children and their social exclusion; conversely, single parent family group had a spurious relationship with above two groups. Ensuring child’s constructive social participation at family and community level activities, reintegration of family role in child’s physical, social and psychological care and socialization, and overcoming gender and religion based disparities in the society were some of the policy recommendations in light of the study.
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Khamis, Zuena Kilugwe. "The Social Learning Theory and Gender Representations in Leadership Positions. A case of Health Sector in Tanzania." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 13, no. 4(S) (January 19, 2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v13i4(s).3318.
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Using the Mbinga council as a case, this study sought to document the influence of the social learning theory on gender representation in leadership positions in the Tanzanian health sector. Interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, and a literature review were used to collect data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyze quantitative data while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study revealed that in the Tanzanian health sector, the number of women employees is more than that of men, with most of them holding lower positions, which is directly associated with the socialization of boys and girls during their upbringing. Based on the study findings, the study concludes that, despite Tanzania being a signatory to many gender-related international conventions and having many-gender related laws, policies and programs, the gender gap in leadership positions in the health sector is still wide, caused by, among other things, how males and females were brought up. Therefore, full commitment is needed, starting at the family level, to challenge the patriarchal system in the raising of male and female children. Based on the study findings and conclusion, the study recommends that: (i) the government should raise awareness at the grassroots level of discriminative norms and traditions to discourage them. (ii) multiple actors should collaborate (i.e., the family, schools, organizations, the private sector, non-government organizations (NGOs), faith-based organizations (FBOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), the local communities themselves and the state) to ensure gender equality in raising children, which will improve gender representation in administrative leadership positions.
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Uink, Bep Norma, Kathryn Lynn Modecki, and Bonnie L. Barber. "Disadvantaged youth report less negative emotion to minor stressors when with peers." International Journal of Behavioral Development 41, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415626516.
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Previous Experience Sampling Method (ESM) studies demonstrate that adolescents’ daily emotional states are heavily influenced by their immediate social context. However, despite adolescence being a risk period for exposure to daily stressors, research has yet to examine the influence of peers on adolescents’ emotional responses to stressors encountered in their daily life. Adolescents ( N = 108) from a low-SES school completed ESM reports of their social context, minor stressors and emotions, 5 times a day for 7 days. Based on previous findings that the peer context is experienced as positive and rewarding, we expected being with peers would be associated with lower post-stress negative emotions and higher happiness, compared to being with family or alone. As expected, being with peers after a stressor was associated with lower sadness, worry and jealousy compared to being alone, and lower sadness compared to being with family. Gender differences emerged for the influence of peers on sadness, worry, jealousy and happiness. These findings highlight the salient influence of peers on adolescents’ emotional reactivity to stressors as they occur in their natural environment. Findings are discussed in reference to peers as important emotion socialization agents during adolescence and in terms of theories of coping and emotion regulation.
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Balika, Ludmiła, Oksana Petrenko, and Tetiana Tsipan. "Social and pedagogical challenges for the modern family: actualization of the problem." Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy 4, no. 41 (December 31, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7775.
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The article reveals the essence of the social and pedagogical problems of the modern family. The research states that the family is an important institution for the formation, development and upbringing of a child, the main carrier of social and cultural practices, promotes preservation of traditions and values, and develops work skills, moral principles, norms and rules of conduct. The study has characterized positive factors of raising a child in a family: ensuring the inclusion of a child in a specific social group, which includes different age, gender, professional subsystems; promoting the development of children’s primary ideas about life goals and values and assimilation of general cultural norms of behavior in the society; formation in the growing personality of the image of own “I”; laying the foundations of the child’s character and attitude to work, moral and cultural values, formation of a set of habits and behavior stereotypes, and initial preparation to perform in the future the role of a responsible parent. The research has identified and described the negative factors influencing the upbringing of children in the family. They include unfavorable psychological climate in the family; mutual alienation of the older and younger generation; weakening and disruption of family, parental and marital ties; reduction of the authority of parents and importance of family values, which significantly affects the well-being of a child in the family; lack of knowledge of parents about the psychological and pedagogical features of the development of children of different ages; lack of unified requirements for the upbringing of children in the family and undemanding attitude to children; violation of partnership relations with the school or unwillingness to establish them; use of ineffective forms and methods of education and inability or unwillingness to use new, progressive forms, methods and means of education, etc. The article defines functions of family upbringing: reproductive, primary socialization, emotional and psychological support, protective, economic, and educational. These functions are carried out within the family ecosystem, which, in turn, is characterized by the following criteria: resourcefulness; self-esteem; self-actualization; effective functionality; internal self-control and self-regulation; empathy; focus on a positive and effective response to adverse external challenges; emotional and psychological communication of all family members; career and professional sphere; combination or change of family roles; social protection of the family (provided by the interaction with the institutions of labor, education, health, culture, state); health-preserving technologies to ensure sanitary, hygienic and ecological well-being, and culture of interaction with nature. The research highlights the areas of partnership and cooperation between the family and school. They include awareness of the importance of close integration of the family and school to obtain a quality result of interaction; development of the scientific foundations of psychological and pedagogical interaction based on the principles and provisions of modern pedagogical science; development of the theory of effective management of the system of pedagogical interaction of the family and school, etc.
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Edgerton, Jason, Tracey Peter, and Lance Roberts. "Gendered Habitus and Gender Differences in Academic Achievement." Alberta Journal of Educational Research 60, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 182–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.55016/ojs/ajer.v60i1.55858.
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Bourdieu’s theory of cultural and social reproduction posits that students’ habitus—learned behavioural and perceptual dispositions rooted in family upbringing—is a formative influence on how they react to their educational environments, affecting academic practices and academic achievement. Although originally conceived as a “class” variant construct, it has been argued subsequently that habitus is also conditioned by gender socialization, and so may also be characterized by significant gender differences. Working with multilevel Canadian data from the linked PISA-YITS surveys, this study investigates gender differences in a Bourdieu derived “structure-disposition-practice” model of academic achievement. For the most part gender differences in the model are modest, but several significant differences are evident: the boys outscore the girls in math and science while the girls excel in reading, students’ socioeconomic stats (SES) has a relatively stronger effect on the girls’ academic achievement than on the boys’ achievement, while students’ habitus affects the boys’ academic achievement more strongly than the girls’ achievement. Finally, the average SES of the schools’ students attend affects both the boys’ and the girls’ academic achievement, but this effect is stronger for the boys, and the effect of the boys’ habitus on their academic achievement diminishes slightly as the average SES of the schools they attend increases; no such contextual interaction was evident for the girls. Overall, the results suggest that habitus and the “structure-disposition-practice” model may still offer a worthwhile contribution to our understanding of gender differences in educational and occupational outcomes, and indeed, merit further empirical investigation.
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Santhya, K. G., and A. J. Francis Zavier. "SIBSHIP SIZE AND YOUNG WOMEN’S TRANSITIONS TO ADULTHOOD IN INDIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 49, S1 (November 2017): S74—S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000360.
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SummaryIn India, a substantial proportion of young people are growing up in smaller families with fewer siblings than earlier generations of young people. Studies exploring the associations between declines in sibship size and young people’s life experiences are limited. Drawing on data from a sub-nationally representative study conducted in 2006–08 of over 50,000 youths in India, this paper examines the associations between surviving sibship size and young women’s (age 20–24) transitions to adulthood. Young women who reported no or a single surviving sibling were categorized as those with a small surviving sibship size, and those who reported two or more surviving siblings as those with a large surviving sibship size. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to ascertain the relationship between sibship size and outcome indicators. Analysis was also done separately for low- and high-fertility settings. Small sibship size tended to have a positive influence in many ways on young women’s chances of making successful transitions to adulthood. Young women with fewer siblings were more likely than others to report secondary school completion, participation in vocational skills training programmes, experience of gender egalitarian socialization practices, adherence to gender egalitarian norms, exercise of pre-marital agency and small family size preferences. These associations were more apparent in low- than high-fertility settings.
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DENYSOVETS, T., I. DENYSOVETS, N. PYVOVAR, and O. KVAK. "RESEARCH OF YOUTH VALUES FOR MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LIFE." Pedagogical Sciences, no. 79 (September 19, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2474.2022.79.264515.
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The article analyzes the relevance and importance of developing a high level of culture of marital and family relationships and the role of the family in the life of the individual. It was emphasized that in Ukraine for a long time many problems related to gender and sexual relations were not covered: the priority of class values over universal ones pushed out of the educational process educational work aimed at acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities that would guide them. becoming a man or a woman.The types of marital and family relations in modern youth and the attitude of high school students to marriage and cohabitation are determined. It is substantiated that, in particular, this type of relationship, such as cohabitation before marriage, in modern young people is based on the desire to know more meaningfully and in detail in extramarital life, of course, if this type of relationship is conscious and thoughtful. It was found that, despite the mostly positive attitude of high school students to marriage, family, family relationships, it is necessary to work more actively on educating students in marriage and family. The data on the views of modern youth, especially young people who are serious and balanced in the issue of marriage, choosing a marriage partner and providing for the family, have been thoroughly processed. The role of the family in maintaining and strengthening the physical, moral and spiritual health of young people, the formation of intersex relations and socialization of the child. It is generalized that the family has traditionally been, is and remains the first social environment for a child and one of the main centers of reproduction of human civilization, a separate nation.The age limits of marriage are identified on the basis of awareness of all the positive and negative aspects of this issue to make the right decision. It has been observed that modern young men and women carefully analyze the key factors in the processof marriage and choosing a marriage partner. Generalized knowledge about family, family life, marital responsibilities and parenting. It is highlighted that parents strive to raise their sons and daughters as real citizens, to instill in them the high moral qualities of the future family man, to form in young men and women a conscious attitude to their own health.
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Sobkin, Vladimir, and Ekaterina Kalashnikova. "LIFE POSITION OF STUDENTS’ PARENTS: ON THE ISSUE OF THE SOCIAL SITUATION OF DEVELOPMENT." Child in a Digital World 1, no. 1 (2023): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.61365/forum.2023.138.
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To clarify the characteristics of the infl uence of parents’ emotional and value orientations on the socialization of modern schoolchildren, a study was conducted. The analysis of the answers obtained in the course of anonymous questionnaire surveys of students in grades - of general education schools from regions and parents from regions of the Russian Federation, (surveys /) was carried out. The report analyzes answers to questions related to three indicators of life position: value orientations, emotional assessment of the success of one’s future prospects, assessment of the personal signifi cance of certain social threats. The infl uence of demographic (gender, age) and social stratifi cation factors (fullness of the family) is considered. As a result of a special factor analysis, three bipolar factors were identifi ed, explaining ,% of the total variance. Factor F “social recognition, doubt – social well-being, optimism” with the positive pole determined by values: the presence of close friends, the respect of others, an increase in the level of education, which correlate with doubts about one’s future success. At the negative pole the values of material well-being, a happy family life, a positive assessment of future prospects is found. Military confl icts and unemployment are mentioned among the main threats to the implementation of these orientations. Factor F is “self-realization, pessimism – physical well-being”. Here, the positive pole is determined by the values of creative and professional realization, self-reliance and independence. Such life attitudes are associated with pessimistic assessments of one’s success in life. The negative pole of the factor is represented by the value of physical well-being (“health”). Factor F is “the desire for spirituality – objective threats to existence”. Its positive pole is determined by the values of spiritual and physical intimacy with a loved one, an increase in the cultural level, correlated with the threats of extremism and the tightening of the regime in the country. The negative pole is determined by threats caused by natural phenomena like “epidemics”, etc. The features of parents and students subsamples, taking into account their marital status, gender and age in the space of factors F and F, are considered. It has been established that mothers and fathers from complete families are characterized by an orientation towards family and material well-being. Boys from complete families in the period of study, both in primary and in high school, have doubts about their social success. Girls from complete families studying in primary and high school experience not only doubts about social recognition but also about success in self-realization. A special position is occupied by mothers from single-parent families: they transmit pessimism in relation to their social success and self-realization to the child, which is also refl ected in the life position of high school students from single-parent families.
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Sholihat, Neni, Miftahul Falah, Rossy Rosnawanti, and Heri Budiawan. "An Overview Of Cases Of Violence Against Women And Children In Tasikmalaya City." HealthCare Nursing Journal 5, no. 2 (July 27, 2023): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35568/healthcare.v5i2.3793.
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Since 1984, the Government of Indonesia has shown its concern for issues of women's empowerment and child protection. There are no fewer than a dozen policies issued by the government to manage and prevent incidents of violence against women and children. The city of Tasikmalaya is one of the cities that already has a mayoral regulation to manage this issue, by issuing mayoral regulation no. 102 of 2016 concerning woman empowerment and child protection. But, from year to year, the number of cases of violence against women and children is increasing, both quantitatively and qualitatively, with increasingly diverse types of violence. The purpose of this study was to see an overview of cases of violence against women and children in Tasikmalaya city. The Descriptive method with cross sectional approach was used in this study. The results showed that the most common type of violence was sexual harassment, with the most victims of violence being women, with the highest level of education of victim being elementary and junior high school, and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim was mostly family, with the scene of the incident in the neighbourhood or a place known to the victim. In conclusion, female gender, elementary and junior high school education, and family are a real picture related to cases of violence against women and children in Tasikmalaya. It is recommended that socialization regarding the prevention of violence against women and children be carried out continuously. Improve the competence of officers who provide women and child protection services and periodic monitoring of service activities by including physical evidence of reporting as well.
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Rumbaut, Ruben G. "The Crucible Within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation among Children of Immigrants." International Migration Review 28, no. 4 (December 1994): 748–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800407.
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Focusing on the formation of ethnic self-identities during adolescence, this article examines the psychosocial adaptation of children of immigrants from Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. The data are drawn from a survey carried out in the San Diego and Miami metropolitan areas of over 5,000 children of immigrants attending the eighth and ninth grades in local schools. The sample is evenly split by gender and nativity (half are U.S. born, half foreign born). The results show major differences in their patterns of ethnic self-identification, both between and within groups from diverse national origins. Instead of a uniform assimilative path, we found segmented paths to identity formation. Detailed social portraits are sketched for each ethnic identity type. Multivariate analyses then explore the determinants of assimilative and dissimilative ethnic self-identities and of other aspects of psychosocial adaptation such as self-esteem, depressive affect, and parent-child conflict, controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, and national origin. The theoretical and practical implications of these results –especially the effects of acculturation, discrimination, location and ethnic density of schools, parental socialization and family context, upon the psychosocial adaptation of children of recent immigrants to the United States – are discussed.
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Danilova, Elena E. "Mid and late teen students’ representations about modern men and women." Theoretical and experimental psychology 16, no. 2 (2023): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/tep-23-13.
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Relevance. Th e study relevance is determined by the need to investigate the processes of gender socialization in the mid and late teens in the modern socio-cultural situation characterized by erosion of traditional gender stereotypes and transformation of basic representations about the content of men and women’s social roles. Objective. Th e study had its purpose to explore and compare the boys’ and girls’ representations about modern men and women. Methods. Data collection was carried out using the method of free descriptions, content analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, r-Spearman’s rank correlation coeffi cient, and share diff erence reliability criterion. Comparative historical analysis was carried out using the data obtained in the 1980s. Sample. Th e sample included 353 high school and college students aged 16–19 years (161 boys and 192 girls). Results. Th e initial hypothesis about the coexistence of both traditional and modern gender models among today’s teenagers has been confi rmed only in relation to their ideas of the modern woman. When describing her, both boys and girls rely on traditional stereotypes of femininity as well as modern ideas (androgyny, egalitarianism). Modern man is still viewed and evaluated by both boys and girls through the prism of traditional masculinity stereotypes. Girls’ representations about modern men and women are less rigid and not as stereotypical as those of boys. Th ey refl ect to a greater extent the transformation of rigid gender stereotypes taking place in the modern society. Modern boys’ and girls’ representations about men and women are in many ways similar to the representations of their peers of the Soviet era. Th e diff erences are associated with less attention to family roles and a greater interest in appearance, self-expression, success, and mental health. Conclusions. Despite the transformation of gender stereotypes taking place in the modern society, boys’ and girls’ representations about men and women are still based mainly on traditional ideas of masculinity/femininity
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Rich, Victoria, Jennifer R. Pharr, Timothy Bungum, and Emylia Terry. "A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Risk Factors Impact on the Mental Health of LGBTQ+ Youth." Global Journal of Health Science 14, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v14n6p43.
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Youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) are a growing population in the U.S. and are disproportionately impacted by mental health disparities. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased depression, anxiety, and other psychological issues among the general population. The purpose of this review was to examine risk factors exacerbated by COVID-19 and their effects on the mental health of LGBTQ+ youth. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) method for reporting was used to identify, analyze, and synthesize the selected literature. Thirteen studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. COVID-19 risk factors were categorized at the individual, relational, community, and societal levels. The results suggest that the following factors were associated with poorer mental health: individual factors of less education, income, and employment; concerns about COVID-19; pre-existing mental health issues and being a sexual or gender minority; and relationship factors of reduced socialization and spending more time with unsupportive family. Additionally, loss of safe spaces (school, youth organizations, etc) at the community level, social distancing policies, and a loss of access to gender-affirming care at the societal level were detrimental to mental health. LGBTQ+ youth can benefit from resources which allow them to stay connected to peers, friends, community resources, the LGBTQ+ community, and supportive educational environments during “stay at home” orders. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened many risk factors for LGBTQ+ youth, making mental health resources vital for this group.
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Tilaye, Sintayehu. "Exploratory Research on Protective Factors Associated with Youth Offending: The Case of East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia." International Journal of Social Work 4, no. 2 (October 9, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v4i2.11967.
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The youths have consistently been hypothesized to be disproportionately responsible for crime and are more vulnerable to violence than any other age group which is costing the community billions of dollars per year, creates a sense of fear and lowers the quality of life for many people. In the first section of this paper, risk factors of youth offending were studied. This research deals on protective factors of youth offending in East Gojjam Zone which is located in Amhara Regional state of Ethiopia. Led by constructionist approach, this research used qualitative exploratory case study strategy. In-depth interview with youth offenders and non-offenders, key informant interview with officials mainly from police and correctional center were the central data collection technique. In addition, document review was also used to get any supportive data from various offices and researches. Generally sixteen youth offenders and thirteen key informants, a total of twenty eight participants were participated. None probability sampling method of purposive sampling technique was employed to select the research participants. Age, gender, and social setting of rural vs. urban were considered to select research participants and get comprehensive information. The finding of the study shows that economic improvement including employment opportunities, increased level of awareness, affiliation to law-abiding youths, consistent parental supervision, family stability and free familial relationship, proper family socialization, adequate income of the family, youth’s steady enrollment to school, and provision of extra circular activities are protective factors of youth offending. In addition, separated rehabilitation center for adolescent and adult, , economic development of the community, limiting the accessibility of alcohol and guns, strong culture against crime, strengthening traditional conflict resolution mechanism, expansion of youth centers with possible services, well equipped lawyers and police officials, strong organized community policing strategy, and improved rehabilitation service are also another opportunities found that reduce the risk factor of youth offending behavior. The finding shows that those multi-level personal, peer, familial, school, cultural, and community level opportunistic factors are not exclusive rather interdependent. Therefore, in order to reduce youths’ involvement in offending behavior, stockholders could work collaboratively.