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1
Monedero, Pablo José Abascal. "Family Laws in the European Union." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 19 (September 16, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2019.13.
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EU social policies should be complemented by contributing to a harmonious development of society, by reducing structural and regional imbalances, developing a balance between the a localized community and the national society, and improving the living standards of citizens and families of member states (Garrido 2002). Such important social policy principles as freedom and justice are addressed and represented in family laws in the EU regulations introduced during the period of 2000–2016. In this article, we studied the EU’s legal solutions in reference to national (Spain) laws on these matters: children and parental responsibility (adoption, child abduction, family benefits) and couples (matrimonial, regimes, prenuptial agreements, provisional measures). This legislation is necessary in the face of the proliferation of families whose members have different nationalities, and even in the mobilization of residences. Cooperation has intensified between national judicial authorities to ensure that legal decisions taken in one EU country are recognized and implemented in any other. This is highly important in civil cases, such as divorce, child custody, maintenance claims, or even bankruptcy and unpaid bills, when the individuals involved live in different countries. The development of family laws is one of the most important factors of family welfare in European countries.
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Povlsen, Lene, Susann Regber, Elisabeth Fosse, Leena Eklund Karlsson, and Hrafnhildur Gunnarsdottir. "Economic poverty among children and adolescents in the Nordic countries." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 20_suppl (February 2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817743894.
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Aims: This study aimed to identify applied definitions and measurements of economic poverty and to explore the proportions and characteristics of children and adolescents living in economic poverty in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden during the last decade and to compare various statistics between the Nordic countries. Methods: Official data from central national authorities on statistics, national reports and European Union Statistics of income and living conditions data were collected and analysed during 2015–2016. Results: The proportion of Nordic children living in economic poverty in 2014 ranged from 9.4% in Norway to 18.5% in Sweden. Compared with the European Union average, from 2004 to 2014 Nordic families with dependent children experienced fewer difficulties in making their money last, even though Icelandic families reported considerable difficulties. The characteristics of children living in economic poverty proved to be similar in the five countries and were related to their parents’ level of education and employment, single-parent households and – in Denmark, Norway and Sweden – to immigrant background. In Finland, poverty among children was linked in particular to low income in employed households. Conclusions:This study showed that economic poverty among Nordic families with dependent children has increased during the latest decade, but it also showed that poverty rates are not necessarily connected to families’ ability to make their money last. Therefore additional studies are needed to explore existing policies and political commitments in the Nordic countries to compensate families with dependent children living in poverty.
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Bajrami, Vedat. "COMPARISON OF INCLUSIVE POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN SOME COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IN KOSOVO." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 1593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31051593b.
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In the last thirty years of pedagogical practice, particular attention has been paid to the inclusion of children with special education needs, multi-lingual children in multi-cultural environments and children living in poverty. Nowadays, inclusive education is a subject and a requirement of all European institutions in the EU and the Council of Europe, many families, experts, non-governmental organizations and individuals.The research sample consists of 8 countries from Europe and Kosovo. The condition for the research countries to be included in the sample is based on the population number not being larger than 8 million. Because of the relevance of the comparative analysis, two older state members of the European Union were chosen (Austria, the Flemish and the French region of Belgium), two members of the European Union (Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia and Slovenia), two Scandinavian countries (Finland and Norway) and Kosovo. Kosovo has received the status of a potential candidate for European Union membership.
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Chernadchuk, T. O., and V. O. Berezovska. "THE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM: THE ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION AND SOME NATIONAL ANTITERRORISM PROGRAMMES." Constitutional State, no. 48 (December 19, 2022): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2022.48.267964.
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Terrorist attacks strike not only the victims, their friends and families, but also the fundamental principles of the European Union. The choice of the topic of the article is caused by the fact that today the European Union recognizes money laundering, terrorist financing and international terrorism as some of the main threats to its financial system and citizens’ security. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions of activities and decisions of the European Union in this area. The methodological basis of the work consists of both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. The EU legislation in the sphere of counter-terrorism was investigated using the analytical method, the method of abstraction gave an opportunity to assess the general current state of legal regulation of the fight against terrorism. The use of the comparative legal approach made it possible to analyze the national antiterrorist programmes of chosen European countries. The logical legal method was applied when formulating conclusions and proposals. The article deals with the issues related to the legal aspects of the fight against international terrorism. The paper investigates the steps taken by the European Union, i.e., the adoption of resolutions and strategies, the signing of treaties, the creation of institutions that function with the purpose to combat and prevent terrorist attacks, which are the constituents of the general concept of the antiterrorist system. The authors indicate the most important treaty provisions and institutions as well as their development and influence on the system of the fight against terrorism by the European Union. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions of activities and decisions of the European Union in this area. It has been investigated that the external activities of the EU include the support of countries in improving their judicial systems and the potential of law enforcement authorities as well as the integration of European antiterrorist legislation into their security strategies. In the studied countries, the systematic approach to the fight against terrorism is clearly visible.
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Rygaard, Niels Peter. "Climate Change, Migration, Urbanization, and the Mental Health of Children at Risk in the European Union." European Psychologist 26, no. 3 (July 2021): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000441.
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Abstract. Psychologists face a growing mental health challenge, calling for innovative large-scale interventions. World population growth and industrialization are causing climate change, forcing families to migrate into rapidly expanding cities, and suffer in refugee camps. European in-country migration from rural villages adds to urban growth. This rapid shift in adaptation between uprooted families and their new environments tends to increase the risk of family system disorganization, poor child attachment, and child abandonment. The paper presents demographic data and projections concerning the effects of urban life on childbirth frequency, marital constancy, how early in life children are cared for outside the home, and the placement of children in Alternative Care. European Federation of Psychologist’s Association initiatives addresses new questions. How can research recommendations be applied in cross-professional interventions? Can e-learning open new channels for dissemination? The author presents how a European Union Lifelong Learning grant project in 10 member countries later developed into the Fairstart Foundation’s partnerships with world NGOs and government agencies. Five hundred twelve partner staff in 26 countries have been educated in 6-month online classrooms and trained the foster parents and group home staff of some 40,000 children in attachment-based care. Lessons learned for interventions are discussed, to inspire further developments.
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García-Crespo, Francisco J., Rubén Fernández-Alonso, and José Muñiz. "Academic resilience in European countries: The role of teachers, families, and student profiles." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): e0253409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253409.
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Academic resilience is a student’s ability to achieve academic results significantly higher than would be expected according to their socioeconomic level. In this study, we aimed to identify the characteristics of students, families, and teacher activities which had the greatest impact on academic resilience. The sample comprised 117,539 fourth grade students and 6,222 teachers from 4,324 schools in member states of the European Union that participated in the PIRLS 2016 study. We specified a two-level hierarchical linear model in two phases: in the first level we used the students’ personal and family background variables, in the second level we used the variables related to teaching activity. In the first phase we used the complete model for all countries and regions, in the second phase we produced a model for each country with the highest possible number of statistically significant variables. The results indicated that the students’ personal and family variables that best predicted resilience were the reading self-confidence index, which increased the probability of student resilience by between 62 and 130 percentage points, a feeling of belonging to the school, which increased the chances of being resilient by up to 40 percentage points, and support from the family before starting primary school (Students from Lithuania who had done early literary activities in the family setting were twice as likely to be resilient than those who had not). The teaching-related factors best predicting resilience were keeping order in the classroom, a safe and orderly school environment (increasing chances of resilience by up to 62 percentage points), and teaching focused on comprehension and reflection, which could increase the probability of resilience by up to 61 percentage points.
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Górecka, Stanisława. "Mortality and Longevity in the Central and East Europe - Changes in Years 1990-2005." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 9, no. 9 (January 1, 2008): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-008-0007-5.
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Mortality and Longevity in the Central and East Europe - Changes in Years 1990-2005 Political and socioeconomic transformation has significantly influenced demographic processes in Central and East Europe. This was mainly noticeable in behaviours and attitudes concerning forming and developing of families. With regard to the aforementioned behaviours, the populations of analysed countries have adopted to new conditions very quickly, and the demographic parameters have reached values that were almost identical as those in West Europe. The situation developed completely differently in the case of mortality and life expectancy. Differences between Central and East Europe, and West European countries, which were already visible at the beginning of 1990's, have been eliminated considerably slower. Even though, one can observe favourable transformations in life expectancy and the distribution of death causes in the Central and Eastern European countries. Those changes are especially apparent in countries which became members of the European Union in 2004.
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Obradović, Nikolina. "Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Family Policy Challenges in Meeting the European Union’s Standards and Recommendations." Revija za socijalnu politiku 27, no. 3 (December 16, 2021): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/rsp.v28i3.1814.
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Family policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic Srpska) is incoherent, with its different elements being scattered across different ministries and levels of government. The system is found to be inapt to respond to the needs of families, thus enhancing gender inequalities in the labour market and within families. As a country aspiring to join the European Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with other countries of the Western Balkans region, participates in regular policy dialogue with the European Union institutions. The latest European Commission assessment of the country’s Economic Reform Programme identifies low employment of women as one of the key challenges and implicitly calls for the country to develop an employment-oriented family policy. By analysing the system of family policy and its recent policy developments, the article assesses the country’s capacity to respond to the recommendation and create conditions for greater participation of women in the labour market. The question is whether the European Union’s conditionality and recommendations have the potential to transform the current family policy arrangements in the entities. Key words: work-family policy, female employment, gender inequalities, maternity leave, parental leave, early childhood education and care services, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Chzhen, Yekaterina. "Unemployment, social protection spending and child poverty in the European Union during the Great Recession." Journal of European Social Policy 27, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716676549.
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The 2008 financial crisis triggered the first contraction of the world economy in the post-war era. This article investigates the effect of the Great Recession on child poverty across the EU-27 plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland and studies the extent to which social protection spending may have softened the negative impact of the economic crisis on children. While the risks of child poverty are substantially higher in countries with higher rates of working-age unemployment, suggesting a significant impact of the Great Recession on household incomes via the labour market, the study finds evidence for social protection spending cushioning the blow of the crisis at least to some extent. Children were significantly less likely to be poor in countries with higher levels of social protection spending in 2008–2013, even after controlling for the socio-demographic structure of the population, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and the working-age unemployment rate. The poverty-dampening contextual effect of social spending was greater for the poverty risks of children in very low work intensity families and large families. The study uses two complementary thresholds of income poverty, both based on 60 percent of the national median: a relative poverty line and a threshold anchored in 2008. Although the choice of a poverty line makes a difference to aggregate child poverty rates, individual-level risks of a child being poor associated with a range of household-level characteristics are similar for the two poverty lines.
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Łachacz, Tomasz, and Sylwester Zagulski. "Unemployment as a threat to society – an analysis of the situation in Poland and selected countries of the European Union." Internal Security 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20805268.1231599.
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Unemployment is classified today as one of the main threats to society. The phenomenon affects the lives of individuals, the functioning of families and society and development of the state. It is often the source of other social problems such as poverty, violence, or social pathologies. The article presents the scale and nature of unemployment occurring after 1989 in Poland and in selected European Union countries, i.e. the Netherlands, Spain, Slovakia and Latvia. It attempts to show the characteristic trends of the phenomenon over a period of more than two decades. Examples from the European countries analysed show that the situation in the labour market and the approach to employment are radically different. Individual countries are characterised by very different unemployment rates, which reflect their different size, economic and demographic potential, or are associated with the tradition of employment. The existence of differences seems to be normal, but their scale may give rise to concern. A characteristic feature of unemployment in the period analysed is its regional diversity, both in Poland and in the whole of the European community. Important factors that determine the level of unemployment are age, sex, education and people’s qualifications. The effects of long-term unemployment are very painful for the whole of society. Such a situation can lead to, amongst others, poverty, societal antagonism, violence and migration. The latter is an issue that the whole of Europe is currently struggling with. The uncontrolled influx of immigrants, including those migrating for economic reasons, causes fear of losing their job among Europeans, which in turn translates into the radicalisation of society. A role of the state and the EU institutions is to create an effective mechanism for the protection and support of the unemployed. This is a prerequisite for Europeans to continue the project which is a common united Europe.
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Suryani, Desak Sinta Putu, and Abdul Razaq Cangara. "National Identity and Migration Policy Dynamics: Analysing the Effect of Swedish National Identity on Its Granting Asylum Policy to Syrian Refugees in 2013." Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies (HJSIS) 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/hjsis.v1i1.24804.
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The Syrian conflict in 2011 has inevitably led to the massive forced migration of asylum seekers and refugees. Most of them fled to neighbouring and several countries in Europe. As a result of the European Union (EU) 's open border policy, their influx into Europe was reckoned a problem for many European countries due to increasing crimes and threats to its members' national security. Some European Union countries chose to be cautious by refusing or only providing financial assistance. Contrastingly, as an EU member state, Sweden received thousands of Syrian refugees until 2013. On October 3, 2013, the Swedish government announced an asylum policy of guaranteed housing provision and the right to bring families to Syrian asylum seekers until they obtain UNHCR refugee status. Such granting asylum policy to Syrian refugees shows differences in the identity of social security construction both in the society and its decision-makers compared to other EU countries. This article exposes the identity influence on the Swedish government's decision to grant asylum to Syrian refugees in 2013. This article employs the "aspirational constructivism" theory by Anne Clunan, arguing that a state's policy is based on a national identity sourced from society's historical reflections and the political elite's future aspirations. This article finds that Swedish society's history experienced cultural homogenization, known as a multicultural country, and the Social-Democracy and folkhemmet ("Home for the People") idea of the political elites resulted in the granting of asylum policy to Syrian refugees in October 2013.
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Dyvnych, Hanna. "REGULATIONS ON SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE." Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, no. 2 (October 25, 2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2022-2-8.
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Support of social entrepreneurship is a promising area of economic and social development of Ukraine, while the domestic regulatory framework does not define the concept of social entrepreneurship, and therefore the formation of the necessary mechanisms of public administration to support it is problematic. This study analysed the understanding of the concept of “social entrepreneurship” in regulations and official documents of the European Union and EU member states, such as Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Romania, Slovenia, Finland, and the former UK member states; the common elements of this concept are established and the author's definition of social entrepreneurship is formulated as a proposal for use in the Ukrainian system of public administration and relevant regulations; the legal basis for the regulation of social entrepreneurship in the above countries is outlined for use in further research to determine the necessary mechanisms of public administration in the field of social entrepreneurship in the reintegration of servicemen, veterans of ATO / JFO and their families.
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Grinberga Zalite, Gunta, and Joanna Hernik. "TERRITORIAL MARKETING IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION PORT CITIES." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 9 (November 30, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2017vol1.9.2672.
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Today in the Baltic Sea region, territorial marketing plays a substantial role both for tourist attraction and local young families, a quality workforce and students’ retention to the region, which is not easy due to the wide scope of work and travel opportunities in the European Union Member States. Territorial marketing aims to increase the prestige of a territory by attracting local and foreign subjects to the territory by creating an expressive image, maximal use of the territory’s natural, material and technical as well as financial, labour and social resources. The Baltic Sea region countries have a lot in common: historical heritage of Soviet Union influence until 1991, which has left its impact both on their architecture, city planning and on peoples’ mentality; joining the European Union in 2004 and since then struggling with common market side effects that force these countries to look for new ways to sustain their regional competitiveness. The current research focuses on exploring the experience of territorial marketing use in four Baltic Sea region port cities: Parnu (Estonia), Ventspils (Latvia), Klaipeda (Lithuania) and Szczecin (Poland). The research aimed to compare the territorial marketing approaches used in the four Baltic Sea region port cities and specifics of brand positioning for the cities. In the research work, desk study and the comparative method were applied to aggregate and interpret secondary data on the four cities’ development trends. Analysis and synthesis methods were applied to investigate the elements of territorial marketing.
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Bajrami, Vedat. "INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS IN EUROPE AND KOSOVO." Knowledge International Journal 32, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3201113b.
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In the last thirty years of pedagogical practice, particular attention has been paid to the inclusion of children with special education needs, multi-lingual children in multi-cultural environments and children living in poverty. Nowadays, inclusive education is a subject and a requirement of all European institutions in the EU and the Council of Europe, many families, experts, non-governmental organizations and individuals. The paper is a result of a research of education systems, systems of support, legislation and evaluation of positive practice in the nine countries of the European Union and Kosovo. The condition for the research countries to be included in the sample is based on the population number not being larger than 8 million. Because of the relevance of the comparative analysis, two older state members of the European Union were chosen (Austria, the Flemish and the French region of Belgium), fourrecent EU member states (Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia and Slovenia), three Scandinavian countries (Iceland, Finland and Norway) and Kosovo.The aim of the research, besides defining the currentand basic definitions in exploring the description of the education systems of individual countries, is to present practices of inclusion of children with disabilities and multi-lingual children to carry out the processes of inclusion. The aim was achieved through the tasks of including children with SEN and multi-lingual children in individual countries in Europe and in the Kosovo, through the analysis of the legal framework andthe organization of the education system in the individual countries enabling inclusive processes, by determining differences in relation to the systems of individual countries which are inclined to mainstream or special education, by identifying the support the particular groups of learners: children with SEN and multi-lingual children receive within the school system, by bringing out examples of good practices. Countries with high income rate per capita and low level of unemployment have a better organized system of inclusion of all CSEN, they provide more support and services at the local level.
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Ferencz, Árpád, and Rita Kalmár. "Work organization and economic examination of breadwinning of rurality." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 3-4 (September 30, 2009): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/3-4/8.
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Agriculture has been and probably will be a significant branch in the south part of the Great Plain in the future as well. Besides the mass products and in many cases instead of them when forming the agricultural structure, this region has to pay more attention to the branches that were important in the past. Hungarian experts who are famous in foreign countries as well deal with these branches and they provide excellent products. The rules referring to these products are more liberal in the market places of the European Union and their development is not controlled by strict quota systems. In the south part of the Great Hungarian Plain a lot of unique products of excellent quality are produced. Here in this essay we would like to find the answer to the question how the two significant products of the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain can provide the families with the income that they can live on.We aim at the economical examination of the cucumber grown in Méhkerék and asparagus of Homok. To do this we will apply the so called Standard Gross Margin. The agriculture of the states of the European Union is measured with the help of this method. It can also help us in the future to decide whether the different farms belonging to families are economically viable in Hungary.
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Sainsbury, Diane, and Ann Morissens. "Poverty in Europe in the mid-1990s: the effectiveness of means-tested benefits." Journal of European Social Policy 12, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a028598.
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This article examines the income maintenance policies of several members of the European Union and three candidate countries: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. It addresses the issue of the effectiveness of these policies and especially means-tested safety nets in alleviating poverty. To assess the effectiveness of the policies, we use data from the Luxembourg Income Study. We analyse the incidence of poverty based on the EU poverty line and poverty reduction for the entire population and vulnerable groups - the unemployed, solo mothers, large families, and the elderly. During the 1990s the poverty rates increased in most countries and for most vulnerable groups. Means-tested benefits assumed growing importance in alleviating poverty, and several countries have improved their schemes to guarantee a minimum income. At the same time reforms have produced diversity in the safety nets across Europe.
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Kutwa, Krzysztof, and Jakub Sawulski. "Does spending on social-welfare policies reduce poverty? An assessment of the European Union countries using impulse-response and efficiency methods." Optimum Economic Studies, no. 1(107) (2022): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.05.
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Purpose – An attempt to answer two questions: (i) does spending on social-welfare policies constitute a statistically-significant impulse for reducing poverty among various risk groups in the EU countries? And (ii) what is the level of efficiency of social spending when it comes to reducing various problems associated with poverty in the EU member states? Research method – Two research methods: Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are used. Results – It is established that social-welfare policies in most of the EU countries create a sufficient impulse to reduce poverty among elderly people and survivors, families with children and the unemployed. However, the impulse is often not sufficient in the case of people with problems in meeting housing needs, as well as the sick or disabled. What is more, the relative efficiency of social-welfare spending in some of the EU countries is low, which suggest that better outcomes may be achieved not only by increasing the spending, but also by improving the policies among current amount of funds. Surprisingly, the best-performing countries in reducing the poverty by social-welfare policies include, next to Denmark and Finland, also some Central and Eastern European countries: the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The research extends the knowledge on the efficiency and effectiveness of government activities for the purpose of limiting poverty.
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Fuchs, Dariusz. "DOPUSZCZALNOŚĆ ROSZCZEŃ REGRESOWYCH INSTYTUCJI ZABEZPIECZENIA SPOŁECZNEGO Z PAŃSTW UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ WOBEC POLSKIEGO UBEZPIECZYCIELA OC UBEZPIECZONEGO – ODPOWIEDZIALNEGO ZA SZKODĘ." Zeszyty Prawnicze 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2010.10.1.10.
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Admissibility of Claims of Social Security Institutions of the European Union Countries to the Polish Insurer of Civil Liability Insured who is Responsible for the DamageSummary The paper contains a general overview of the legal nature and the specific character of the recourse under the EU regulations on the application of social security schemes to employed persons and their families moving within the EU concerning civil liability insurer. It was underlined specific position of the social insurance institutions form EU Members versus Polish insurer. It was expressed that necessity of amendment of the Polish insurance regulation to create a base for recourse as in EU regulation.
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Gois, Pedro, and Giulia Falchi. "The third way. Humanitarian corridors in peacetime as a (local) civil society response to a EU’s common failure." REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 25, no. 51 (December 2017): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880005105.
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Abstract Migration has been and will continue to be one of the key issues for Europe in the coming decades. Fundamental developments such as economy, climate change, globalization of transport and communication, war and instability in the neighbouring regions, are all factors that continue to drive people to come to Europe, in search of shelter and a better life or to reunite with their families. In recent years, vulnerability of forced migrants has been exacerbated by worsening conflicts in their home country, which make repatriation less and less a viable option, and by mounting intolerance within local communities. A growing number of potential refugees attempts to escape transit countries to reach the European Union by embarking in dangerous journeys to cross the Mediterranean Sea and illegally enter the European Union. Within the European Union resettlement represents a 'durable solution' for vulnerable forced migrants alongside local integration and voluntary repatriation, a protection tool for potential people whose lives and liberty are at risk. In Italy, a group of institutions from civil society and the Italian Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Interior signed a Protocol of Agreement for the establishment of Humanitarian Corridors to ensure the legal and safe resettlement of asylum seekers. Our article will show how these Humanitarian Corridors proved to be a successful multi-stakeholder engagement to support safe and legal pathways to protection as well as durable solutions for third country nationals in need of protection.
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Baranowski, Paweł, and Jan Jacek Sztaudynger. "Rodzinny kapitał społeczny a wzrost gospodarczy – analiza dla Polski i 15 krajów Unii Europejskiej." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.14.1.14.
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Social capital representing among other things voluntary cooperation, social networks density and generalized trust has become popular in economics in the 90s. A number of papers has confirmed positive relationship between social capital measures and economic growth. In our opinion family-based social capital (representing the integrity of families) is important component of social capital. Sociological and psychological knowledge allow us to identify the family as a source of human bonds, man’s happiness and life quality. Presumably happy persons better fulfill their social and economic roles. For example – they work and cooperate more efficiently. Therefore, we have formulated a hypothesis that the family social capital – family bonds – have an influence on economic growth. Being more precise, the bigger the number of divorces in relation to contracted marriages as an indicator of family disintegration, the slower is economic growth. This hypothesis has been confirmed in the Polish economy in the years 1963–2006 as well as in the 15 European Union countries panel data (1972–2007). The estimations are based on the econometric model of GDP growth, into which, alongside the divorces/marriages ratio (family disintegration) investment rate, labour growth and CPI inflation have been introduced. Our results indicate that when divorces/marriages ratio rise by 10 p.p. economic growth lowers in 15 European Union countries by 0.5 p.p. The same in Poland makes economic growth lower by 1.8 p.p. These results are not fully comparable, due to differences in model specification and analyzed periods.
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Bobic, Mirjana. "Reorganization of marriage, relationships and family in contemporary society." Stanovnistvo 41, no. 1-4 (2003): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0304065b.
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This paper describes contemporary changes in marriage, relationships and family in European populations, and then their evolution from the last decade of the twentieth century till present day, as well as various forms and types, in which plurality of contemporary partnership unions is revealed. The other goal of this supplement was to provide a wider theoretical-hypothetical, explanatory framework for understanding what is happening in population (on appearance level) but now in the context of contemporary societies. Three variables are introduced: macro (paradigm of modernization, namely social, i.e. structural and cultural changes), micro (paradigm: resources-limitations-behavior) and mezzo (differences in social and demographic development of countries of North, Western, South and Central and Eastern Europe (former socialistic countries in transition). Cautious predictions on what could be expected in future concerning: empirical documented differences of living arrangements of European populations of the West, but also of the East, as well as relative demographic consequences. On the macro level (paradigm structure/culture) the responses depend on the rate the two main social processes will develop: 1) development of "European society", and 2) the birth of "world" (global) society. Most of the authors conclude on the convergence of social and demographic development on the territory of Western, but not Eastern Europe (and especially the Balkans). This conclusion concerns even the countries of the South European region, considering that it is uncertain in which direction and speed will their integration into the European Union develop. With regards to the trend of decreasing fertility, a continuance of existing secular tendencies may be expected in future as well, even on the whole European territory, and that it will be supported by social changes of (post) modernization, individualization and rational behavior, so that it will become a general model. For now it is evident that convergence of social and demographic development may be demonstrated on the territory of Western but not Eastern Europe as well (and especially of the Balkans). The later is also valid when the Southern European region is in question, considering that it is uncertain in which direction and at what speed will their integration into the European Union develop. With regards to the trend of decreasing fertility, a continuance of tendencies may be expected in future as well, on the whole European territory, and that it will be supported by social changes of (post) modernization, individualization and rational behavior, so that in most cases parents will satisfy their needs with only one child. On the contrary, family forms and life styles will probably reflect differences between countries of the North and Western Europe in future as well on the one hand, and Southern on the other hand, and Central and Eastern Europe (former socialistic countries) on the third hand. Readiness for marriage, partnership styles, as well as aspirations to forming families will depend on individual decisions, which will result from personal resources and limiting factors (macro, mezzo and micro). On the aggregate level of population, the result will be polarization between non-family and family households. Social conditions of foregoing modernization (increase of risks, job uncertainty, country prosperity crisis) as well as globalization will probably contribute to increasing the polarization process. The same conclusion may be derived for the group of former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and the Balkans) as well, whose key problem now is finishing the process of transformation towards market economy.
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Bakucs, Zoltán, Imre Fertő, and Cristina Galamba Marreiros. "Socio-Economic Status and the Structural Change of Dietary Intake in Hungary." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseb-2014-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Typically, big changes in the economic system lead to alterations on families’ disposable income and thus on their spending for different types of products, including food. These may imply in the long run a structural modification of the population’s diet quality. After the fall of the socialist system, in the past two decades, Central and Eastern European countries, including Hungary, went through a profound and sometimes difficult transition of their political and economic systems, shifting from a centralized plan to an open-market economy, and, perhaps more importantly, the European Union integration. Economic change in lower-income and transitional economies of the world appears to coincide with increasing rapid social change. With respect to nutrition, there is evidence that these countries are changing their diets and that changes seem to happen at a faster pace than ever before (e.g. Ivanova et al., 2006). In this paper, we analyse the evolution of Hungarian dietary patterns based on socio-economic status (SES) data between 1993 and 2007. Data allows defining and profiling several clusters based on aggregated consumption data, and then inspecting the influence of SES variables using OLS and multinomial logit estimations
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Skoglund, Ekaterina, and Astrid Bretthauer. "Starting Early with Language Learning. Enhancing Human Capital and Improving the Integration of Migrant Families in the Danube Region. Examples from Bavaria." Südosteuropa 67, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 234–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2019-0016.
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AbstractGermany is an important destination for migrants from other European countries. That is particularly true of the Danube region, a European Union (EU) macroregion with deep economic and historical interconnections. Immigrants tend to be younger than the average of the German population, with children accounting for 15% of all migrants. The authors start with a short overview of the theoretical and empirical literature on preschool and early education as a tool for acquisition by immigrant children of the host country’s language. The focus is then shifted to the policy sphere, with the example of Germany and in particular the federal state of Bavaria, in the context of the challenges and best practices used to tackle the integration of such children. The article considers Regensburg, the fourth-largest city in the State of Bavaria, and the Landkreis (district) Kelheim to the southwest of Regensburg as case studies to illustrate the similarities and differences of their municipal approaches to the promotion of German language acquisition by immigrant children and their parents.
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Ambrosino, Nicolino, Michele Vitacca, Michael Dreher, Valentina Isetta, Josep M. Montserrat, Thomy Tonia, Giuseppe Turchetti, et al. "Tele-monitoring of ventilator-dependent patients: a European Respiratory Society Statement." European Respiratory Journal 48, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 648–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01721-2015.
Full textAbstract:
The estimated prevalence of ventilator-dependent individuals in Europe is 6.6 per 100 000 people. The increasing number and costs of these complex patients make present health organisations largely insufficient to face their needs. As a consequence, their burden lays mostly over families. The need to reduce healthcare costs and to increase safety has prompted the development of tele-monitoring for home ventilatory assistance.A European Respiratory Society Task Force produced a literature research based statement on commonly accepted clinical criteria for indications, follow-up, equipment, facilities, legal and economic issues of tele-monitoring of these patients.Many remote health monitoring systems are available, ensuring safety, feasibility, effectiveness, sustainability and flexibility to face different patients' needs. The legal problems associated with tele-monitoring are still controversial. National and European Union (EU) governments should develop guidelines and ethical, legal, regulatory, technical, administrative standards for remote medicine. The economic advantages, if any, of this new approach must be compared to a “gold standard” of home care that is very variable among different European countries and within each European country.Much more research is needed before considering tele-monitoring a real improvement in the management of these patients.
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Pereirinha, José António Correia, and Elvira Pereira. "Social resilience and welfare systems under COVID-19: A European comparative perspective." Global Social Policy 21, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 569–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680181211012946.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 and the corresponding economic lockdown and income loss for large segments of population was something unexpected for all European countries, and their welfare systems were not prepared to protect their citizens from such threats. Social resilience is becoming used in disaster risk analysis, and preferred to that of vulnerability, to refer the ability of the social entities to respond to such challenges, enabling them to cope and adjust to adverse events. It has been more recently used in the context of the European Union (EU) about COVID-19, regarding the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, intended to mitigate the economic and social impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The global nature of this pandemic makes possible and relevant a deeper understanding of social resilience at different levels of analysis: international, national, local and individual/household levels. This article aims to contribute to this by proposing a set of indicators of social resilience in face of COVID-19, supported in a theoretical framework developed herein, and comparing the performance of a selection of EU countries with distinct welfare system configurations, with different roles played by the government, the market, the social organizations and the families. Using comparable statistical data at macro level and data concerning the responses of government to the economic and social effects of the pandemic, we produce a synthetic index of social resilience, combining resilience on coping and resilience on adapting. We relate the differences found in coping and adapting with the welfare system configurations of these countries.
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Pereirinha, José António Correia, and Elvira Pereira. "Social resilience and welfare systems under COVID-19: A European comparative perspective." Global Social Policy 21, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 569–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680181211012946.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 and the corresponding economic lockdown and income loss for large segments of population was something unexpected for all European countries, and their welfare systems were not prepared to protect their citizens from such threats. Social resilience is becoming used in disaster risk analysis, and preferred to that of vulnerability, to refer the ability of the social entities to respond to such challenges, enabling them to cope and adjust to adverse events. It has been more recently used in the context of the European Union (EU) about COVID-19, regarding the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, intended to mitigate the economic and social impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The global nature of this pandemic makes possible and relevant a deeper understanding of social resilience at different levels of analysis: international, national, local and individual/household levels. This article aims to contribute to this by proposing a set of indicators of social resilience in face of COVID-19, supported in a theoretical framework developed herein, and comparing the performance of a selection of EU countries with distinct welfare system configurations, with different roles played by the government, the market, the social organizations and the families. Using comparable statistical data at macro level and data concerning the responses of government to the economic and social effects of the pandemic, we produce a synthetic index of social resilience, combining resilience on coping and resilience on adapting. We relate the differences found in coping and adapting with the welfare system configurations of these countries.
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Israel, Sabine, and Dorothee Spannagel. "Material deprivation in the EU: A multi-level analysis on the influence of decommodification and defamilisation policies." Acta Sociologica 62, no. 2 (June 14, 2018): 152–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699318778735.
Full textAbstract:
The central aim of this paper is identifying the existing political leeway for the reduction of deprivation levels in Europe. The links between household and individual characteristics and risks of material deprivation have been abundantly researched, but what are the political institutions that modify and possibly buffer these odds? Welfare state differences have been portrayed in depth but their association with social outcomes such as deprivation is less clear. By identifying the impact of decommodification and defamilisation policies on deprivation exposure, we seek to fill this gap. Our results, based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2012 to 2013 cross-sectional micro data, reveal that social programmes that cover large segments of the population and follow a needs-based approach are linked to lower odds of being materially deprived. A significant number of European cross-country differences in deprivation rates can thus be traced back to varying levels of social assistance, as well as to differences in the provision of public healthcare. Defamilisation policies are, despite increased risks for (single parent) families, not yet addressing the problem of low living standards successfully. An extension of childcare services, however, seems promising for lowering deprivation among families, particularly in countries with high levels of involuntary part-time work.
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Hyman, Richard. "Trade Unions and “Europe”: Are the Members Out of Step?" Articles 65, no. 1 (April 13, 2010): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039525ar.
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In 2005 the “Constitutional Treaty” designed to restructure the governance of the European Union (EU) was rejected in popular referendums in France and the Netherlands. Subsequently only in Ireland was a referendum held on the Lisbon Treaty, which reinstated most elements in the previous version, in June 2008. Again a negative result threw the EU into crisis, though a second Irish vote in October 2009 yielded a different result. The “no” votes reflected a familiar pattern of popular rejection of initiatives on European integration. This article provides an overview of such referendums in western Europe, focusing in particular on the role of national trade unions in popular votes on EU accession and on Treaty revisions. It discusses trade union intervention in a dozen countries which held referendums since the Single European Act in the 1980s (and in the United Kingdom, which did not). It is evident that while mainstream trade unions (or at least their leaders) have usually endorsed the integration process, in most countries where referendums have been held their members have voted otherwise. This has been particularly evident among manual workers. Sometimes popular attitudes have been strongly influenced by narrowly nationalistic arguments, but rejection has often been based on “progressive” rather than “reactionary” grounds. In particular, the justified view that the EU in its current direction is encouraging a neoliberal, pro-capitalist drift in social and economic policy has underlain a left-wing critique of further integration. But having assented to the underlying architecture of actually existing Europeanization, unions have rarely shown the will to mobilize offensively around an alternative vision of social Europe. This has left the field open to right-wing nationalists (and to fringe left-wing parties with only a limited electoral base) to campaign in the “no” camp during referendums. Popular attitudes are malleable, but it requires a major strategic re-orientation if unions are to reconnect with their members in order to build a popular movement for a genuinely social Europe.
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Sadomovskaya, M. E. "Legal Aspects of Combating Terrorism Financing and Money Laundering using Informal Money Transfer Systems in the European Union." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.116.7.169-179.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, in the European Union, in addition to traditional money transfer systems (bank transfers, Western Union, etc.), informal (alternative) systems have spread. The most famous and widespread is hawala, which originated in South Asia many centuries ago, long before the banking system, and is still the most familiar and convenient mechanism for transferring funds in several regions of North Africa and the Middle East. Hawala operates outside the regulated banking and financial sector primarily through a complex settlement system: there is no actual transfer of funds within this system. In most countries, hawala is not regulated by law and is not subject to government supervision. All these factors contribute to the increased risk of money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF risk). The paper examines the key characteristics of hawala, its types, circumstances that caused its spread, the features of the system’s functioning, and overviews the main measures of the European Union aimed at reducing the risk of ML / TF, which are a characteristic of hawala.
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NECEL, WOJCIECH. "Emigranci w Polsce - kultura przyjęcia." Prawo Kanoniczne 58, no. 3 (January 18, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2015.58.3.04.
Full textAbstract:
The migration of population in the second decade of the twenty-rst century, in the lives of the global, as well as inter-continental and inter- national communities, is a structural phenomenon undergoing intensi- cation and it is aecting all areas of human life and the life of the Church. e Church in Poland got used to speaking about Polish emigration, the “very old” one and the “old” one, as well as the latest, which came about alongside joining the structures of the European Union and the Schengen group. A vital problem within the immigration area is the return of Polish families to Poland, at least from the British Isles and France, and, gaining dynamics from time to time, the issue of repatriation of Poles from distant Kazakhstan and the presence of Ukrainians and other Eastern nationalities on the streets of Polish cities.Mass media inform about the situation on Lampedusa island, on the Syrian-Turkish and Turkish-Iraqi borders, and the situation in the Balkans and Hungary. e crisis plunged Greece cannot manage to solve the prob- lems of the coming people. Pope Francis sympathized with the European immigrants, lamented that so many of them deceased on the way to the European continent. e politicians discussed how to divide the coming groups of refugees among the countries. With the foregoing outline, at the turn of 2014-2015, the Republic of Poland along with the rest of European Union, is faced with the necessity to develop a common immigration policy, and the Church, in agreement with the Erga migrantes instruction, should elaborate the specics of the ministry towards the immigrants.
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Villar, David, and David J. Schaeffer. "Chlorpyrifos should be banned in agriculture and livestock production in Colombia." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 35, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n2a7.
Full textAbstract:
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a pesticide widely used in Colombia´s agriculture, including crops, farm animals and pets, despite it has been banned for use in the European Union and the United States. Studies demonstrate that even low blood levels of CPF -which do not inhibit blood acetylcholinesterase- can lead to child developmental and neurological disorders such as smaller head circumference and brain alterations, and psychomotor and cognitive deficits related to learning ability, attention and memory. In adults, CPF is an endocrine disruptor and breast carcinogen. High direct and indirect economic costs have been associated with CPF exposure. Not only farmers and their families -who have the highest exposures- but the general population consuming crops sprayed with CPF are also at risk. For these reasons CPF was recently banned by the European Union (2020) and the USA (2021). Pesticide regulation policies vary greatly depending on which and how scientific studies are used to assess health risks. Pesticide evaluations funded by the chemical industry should be rectified to avoid conflicts of interest. Furthermore, political alignment with the interests of the industry should not take precedence over independent scientific evidence. It is discouraging, to say the least, that until stricter health laws are passed in Colombia, CPFs and related pesticides will continue to be imported from those countries that have already banned them. Colombian scientists should raise their voice to challenge blind acceptance of profits over unintended consequences, and efforts to prevent pesticide´s abuse should be encouraged.
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Pudryk, D., O. Kwilinski, and A. Nazarenko. "Economic convergence of the national economy under the EU integration: impact of international migration." Actual Problems of Economics 1, no. 238 (2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/1993-6788-2021-1-238-6-16.
Full textAbstract:
The paper generalizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the migration impact on the countries� economic convergence. European integration in the long run provide for the convergence of the Ukrainian socio-economic development to the level of member states of the European Union (EU). Considering the neoclassical model of growth of Solow-Swan, the convergence of the national economy to the EU could be bosting by intensifying international processes. In particular, the international migration of labor resources allows increasing the amount of private income from abroad, which makes it possible to improve the socio-economic quality of migrant families and achieve the welfare of the EU society. Based on the theoretical analysis of the scientific literature, the authors highlighted the diversified nature of the migration impact on economic growth and economic convergence. The paper aims to determine the migration impact on the Ukrainian and EU economic convergence. The paper�s object is Ukraine and EU member states, which have the common features of long-term development in the economic and political dimensions. The time for analysis is 2000-2020. The methodological basis of the investigation is the concept of s � and b � convergence. The endogenous parameter of the econometric model of b � convergence is the GDP per capita, and exogenous parameters: the volume of private remittances to countries from abroad, the volume of net migration.
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Socoliuc, Marian, Veronica Grosu, Elena Hlaciuc, and Silvius Stanciu. "Analysis of Social Responsibility and Reporting Methods of Romanian Companies in the Countries of the European Union." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 4662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124662.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of the current economy, the concept of corporate social responsibility has gained momentum, and its significance derives from the attitude of companies that have understood the importance of the impact of their activity on the environment in which they conduct their operations. The present study emphasizes the fact that CSR has an equal importance for those companies of varying sizes that operate in developing countries, such as Romania. There are still a lot of challenges regarding their implementation. The study focuses on establishing the level of CSR report by the Romanian companies within the European Union framework by taking into account the extent to which they are familiar with the CSR reporting guidelines in order to identify the degree of applying the Global Reporting Guidelines (GRI) when designing the sustainability reports. The data regarding the acceptance of the voluntary report and its correlation to the sustainable development as a strategic focus of the management of entities, the usefulness, the necessity and the obstacles of voluntary reporting were gathered based on a questionnaire. Between 2015–2017, 61 Romanian companies of various sizes had to answer specific questions. The research is based on the descriptive statistics as well as the correlation analysis method. The findings of the research proved that the acceptance of the management in terms of the sustainable development is in a close relationship with implementing voluntary reporting and the willingness to develop a favorable image of the company within a competitive market. The study also identified the differences that exist between a company’s success on the market that is linked to their development and the economic factors that characterize each and every field of activity. The present study focuses on defining the term ‘social responsibility’ from the point of view of its concepts. It also aims at presenting the social responsibility reporting methods used by the companies from the European Union countries. These can be a starting point for those companies that have not had the chance of applying them yet.
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Statham, Paul, and Ruud Koopmans. "Political party contestation over Europe in the mass media: who criticizes Europe, how, and why?" European Political Science Review 1, no. 3 (November 2009): 435–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773909990154.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines political party contestation over Europe, its relationship to the left/right cleavage, and the nature and emergence of Euroscepticism. The analysis is based on a large original sample of parties’ claims systematically drawn from political discourses in the mass media in seven countries: Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. It addresses questions concerning parties’ mobilized criticisms of European integration and the European Union (EU), specifically: their degree and form; their location among party families and within party systems; cross-national and diachronic trends; their substantive issue contents; whether their ‘Euro-criticism’ is more tactical or ideological; whether claims construct a cleavage; and their potential for transforming party politics. Findings show that a party’s country of origin has little explanatory power, once differences between compositions of party systems are accounted for. Also governing parties are significantly more likely to be pro-European, regardless of party-type. Regional party representatives, by contrast, are significantly more likely to be ‘Euro-critical’. Overall, we find a lop-sided ‘inverted U’ on the right of the political spectrum, but this is generated entirely by the significant, committed Euroscepticism of the British Conservatives andSchweizerische Volkspartei. There is relatively little evidence for Euroscepticism elsewhere at the core, where pro-Europeanism persists. Finally, parties’ Euro-criticism from the periphery mostly constructs substantive political and economic critiques of European integration and the EU, and is not reducible to strategic anti-systemic challenges.
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Bencze, Zsuzsa, Nadine Fraihat, and Orsolya Varga. "Patent Landscape Analysis of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122220.
Full textAbstract:
Inventions from the field of health research are mostly protected by patents. The main objective of this study is to identify the research and development trends of dental innovations for children, with a special focus on the inventions for dental caries in primary teeth and early childhood caries (ECC) by performing a patent landscape analysis on a global scale with special attention to the role of European countries in patenting activities. A patent landscape analysis is a tool used to identify trends in different areas of innovations. Patents and patent applications were extracted from Orbit Intelligence. The keyword based search process was refined by manual selection and grouped into prevention, treatment and diagnosis categories. The absolute number and legal status of patent families, priority years, priority countries, and assignees were examined. The total number of patents of dental caries in primary teeth was 61. According to the legal status of the patents, 27% are granted, 19% pending and 54% are dead. The earliest patent is from 1931 and the most recent is from 2018. Regarding the field of inventions, 37 patents were identified as prevention, 16 patents were treatment and 8 were diagnostics related. China holds the most patents. The huge burden of dental caries in primary teeth is poorly represented in global research and development. Additionally, inventions in dental caries of the primary dentition from the European Union lagged far behind China and the US, highlighting our insufficient research initiatives and programs.
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Crawley, Heaven. "Managing the Unmanageable? Understanding Europe's Response to the Migration ‘Crisis’." Human Geography 9, no. 2 (July 2016): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861600900202.
Full textAbstract:
More than 1 million people have crossed the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas since January 2015, arriving on the beaches of Southern Europe in dinghies and rickety boats, having paid a smuggler to facilitate their journey. Most are refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea, and Somalia who are fleeing conflict and violence. Others are migrants from West and Central Africa, seeking a livelihood and a future for themselves and their families. This paper will unpack the evolution of the European policy response, arguing that the migration ‘crisis’ is not a reflection of numbers – which pale into insignificance relative to the number of refugees in other countries outside Europe or to those moving in and out of Europe on tourist, student and work visas – but rather a crisis of political solidarity. After five emergency summits to agree a common response, EU politicians are still struggling to come to terms with the dynamics of migration to Europe, the complexity of motivations driving people forward, the role of different institutions, including governments, international organizations, NGOs and civil society, in facilitating the journey, and the ways in which social media is providing individuals and families with information about the options and possibilities that are, or are not, available to them. I suggest that the unwillingness of politicians and policymakers to engage with research evidence on the dynamics of migration and to harness their combined resources to address the consequences of conflict and underdevelopment elsewhere, speaks more strongly to the current state of the European Union than it does to the realities of contemporary migration.
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Radwanowicz-Wanczewska, Joanna. "Implementation of New EU Directives Coordinating the Procedures for Awarding Public Contracts in European Union Member States: The Example of Poland." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 65, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2020-0052.
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Abstract This article concerns the implementation of new EU Directives coordinating the procedures for awarding public contracts in European Union Member States. In a number of countries, including Poland, the process of their implementation (Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement; Directive 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport, and postal services sectors; Directive 2014/23/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the award of concession contracts) was delayed. In most cases, the modernization of EU regulations on public procurement required a thorough modification of national regulations in this respect. As a result of the introduction of the package of new Directives, the European Union public procurement market has undergone substantial changes. The need to adjust legal regulations to the changing political, social, and economic situations in a better way has resulted in the transposition of the modernized EU Directives concerning public procurement to the Polish legal system, affecting the final shape of the new Polish Public Procurement Law. The implementation of the package of new Directives has significantly affected the functioning of the Polish public procurement market. For the entities operating in this market, this means the necessity to expand their knowledge, so as to become familiar with the new legal solutions in this respect.
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Röttgers, H. R., B. Brugger, M. Keenan, S. Gallagher, K. Dillenburger, B. Stromgren, L. A. Perez Gonzales, and N. Martin. "Bringing “simple steps” -a multimedia package for autism specific behaviour therapy- to Europe." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72894-2.
Full textAbstract:
Individualised behavioural interventions are known to promote development, enhance skills and communication and reduce rigid and stereotypical patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder especially if they start in early pre-school age and are offered in high intensity. In many countries, however, these interventions are not available to families with autistic children. This may be due to lack of funding, lack of qualified staff and/or insufficient traditions of evidence-based procedures in institutions working with autistic children.Facing this situation, the European Union Leonardo Transfer of Innovation Programm funded the adaptation and localisation of a highly successful Northern Irish multimedia tool for England and Scotland, Norway, Spain and Germany.The multimedia package consists of a brochure with basic information on ASD, diagnostics and intervention. In addition, a DVD offers expert interviews, parents’ testimonials and an introduction to autism specific behavioural therapy, well established as Autism Applied Behaviour Analysis in the anglo-american countries. An accompanying CD-ROM contains additional background information and practical tools for therapy implementation.It can be used by parents, kindergarten and school special needs staff and therapeutic institutions for education and for therapy planning and evaluation. In Germany, Spain, Norway and the UK it is offered free of charge under EU funding.
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Röttgers, H. R., B. Brugger, M. Keenan, S. Gallagher, K. Dillenburger, B. Stromgren, L. A. Perez Gonzales, and N. Martin. "FC05-03 - Bringing “simple steps” -a multimedia package for autism specific behaviour therapy- to Europe." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73540-4.
Full textAbstract:
Individualised behavioural interventions are known to promote development, enhance skills and communication and reduce rigid and stereotypical patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder especially if they start in early pre-school age and are offered in high intensity. In many countries, however, these interventions are not available to families with autistic children. This may be due to lack of funding, lack of qualified staff and/or insufficient traditions of evidence-based procedures in institutions working with autistic children.Facing this situation, the European Union Leonardo Transfer of Innovation Programm funded the adaptation and localisation of a highly successful Northern Irish multimedia tool for England and Scotland, Norway, Spain and Germany.The multimedia package consists of a brochure with basic information on ASD, diagnostics and intervention. In addition, a DVD offers expert interviews, parents' testimonials and an introduction to autism specific behavioural therapy, well established as Autism Applied Behaviour Analysis in the anglo-american countries. An accompanying CD-ROM contains additional background information and practical tools for therapy implementation.It can be used by parents, kindergarten and school special needs staff and therapeutic institutions for education and for therapy planning and evaluation. In Germany, Spain, Norway and the UK it is offered free of charge under EU funding.
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Borysiak, Janina. "The benefits of organic farming to spontaneous vascular flora biodiversity, West Pomerania, Poland." Acta Agrobotanica 68, no. 3 (2015): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2015.024.
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Research was carried out on the importance of organic farming practices for maintaining agricultural landscape complexity with consequent benefits for spontaneous vascular flora biodiversity. An agricultural landscape unit (75 ha) composed of extensively used arable lands and grasslands and small remnant natural habitats, occurring among fields or in field verges in the West Pomerania region, Poland, was investigated. Spontaneous vascular flora of extensively farmed landscape was mapped using the topographic method. The examined flora was analyzed in terms of plant species richness and diversity. The following attributes of flora were considered: taxonomic and syntaxonomic diversity, and the share of geographical and geographical–historical elements, Raunkiaer’s life forms, archaeophytes, kenophytes, plants with conservation status and threatened in the Polish regions or countries of the European Union, and ancient woodland plant species indicators. Spontaneous vascular flora included 338 species / 75 ha and represented rich taxonomic diversity: 213 genera, 71 families and 48 orders. The phytocoenoses included 52 plant associations from 17 classes, 23 orders, and 32 alliances of the phytosociological system, including 6 segetal synanthropic communities.
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Zaidi, Asghar, Katrin Gasior, Eszter Zolyomi, Andrea Schmidt, Ricardo Rodrigues, and Bernd Marin. "Measuring active and healthy ageing in Europe." Journal of European Social Policy 27, no. 2 (January 8, 2017): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716676550.
Full textAbstract:
The active and healthy ageing measure reported here is calculated for the 28 European Union countries, with a specific focus on the current generation of older people and by using the latest data from multiple surveys. It covers diverse aspects of active and healthy ageing, by measuring older people’s contribution with respect to not just employment but also their unpaid familial, social and cultural contributions and their independent, healthy and secure living. The article presents the first-of-its-kind quantitative measure of active and healthy ageing in the literature on active and healthy ageing which hitherto has focused largely on concepts, definitions and public policy strategies. In this pursuit, an important contribution of this measure, referred to as the Active Ageing Index (‘AAI’), is that it also captures how countries differ with respect to capacity and enabling environments for active and healthy ageing. The AAI offers a breakdown not just by four domains of active and healthy ageing but also by gender. Key findings are that Sweden comes at the top of the country ranking, followed closely by Denmark, the United Kingdom, Finland, the Netherlands and Ireland. The four southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, Spain and Malta) are middle-ranked countries. Greece and many of the Central European countries are at the bottom, highlighting much greater untapped potentials of active and healthy ageing among older people in these countries and a need for greater policy efforts. Women fare worse than men in most countries, identifying a need for an emphasis on reducing gender disparity in experiences of active and healthy ageing. The AAI tool developed has the potential to identify the social policy mechanisms behind the differential achievements of active and healthy ageing, for example, what active and healthy ageing strategies have driven top performers, and in what respect the bottom-ranked countries have lagged behind.
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Bac, Aneta, Aleksandra Kulis, Edyta Janus, Paulina Aleksander-Szymanowicz, Wojciech Dobrowolski, and Katarzyna Filar-Mierzwa. "Familiarity with occupational therapy among secondary school youths planning to pursue medical studies in Poland." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 14, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8173.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Poland has been a member of the European Union for 17 years; however, the societal view of occupational therapy is limited and different from that in the other countries of the European Union or the world. The aim of the study was to determine the familiarity with occupational therapy among secondary school students who are the future candidates for higher medical studies and potential members of interdisciplinary teams. Material and methods: The study encompassed 1865 randomly selected secondary school students (1212 women and 653 men). The research was conducted with the use of a questionnaire with 18 multiple choice questions. Results: The majority of the respondents admitted that they were familiar with terms occupational therapy and occupational therapist but the terms were unknown to 416 persons. 1414 respondents indicated that in their opinion occupational therapist can work in rehabilitation centres. The highest number of the respondents indicated children with inborn defects, such as Down syndrome (1261 persons) in the groups of people that an occupational therapist may work with. Conclusions: The presented results indicate a relatively low level of knowledge of the respondents about occupational therapy, which reflects the overall situation of the profession in Poland.
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Gubaidullina, Mara, Zhasira Idrysheva, Gabit Zhumatay, Laura Issova, and Almagul Kulbayeva. "The Contribution of Migration to Sustainable Development: Western Vector of Migration from Central Asia (the US Case)." E3S Web of Conferences 159 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015902003.
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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes for the first time the favorable contribution of migration to sustainable development. This document is called the “declaration of interdependence”, which is especially true for migration, which connects countries of origin and destination countries and has a huge impact on the lives of millions of migrants and their families. In the context of globalization, international migration has become a key challenge for both global development as well as for some state actors. At the present time there are several attractive centers on the planet for migration, which include highly advanced European Union countries, the United States, Canada and others. Although a number of issues of the migration process from the Central Asian republics to the United States are considered to be typical for any nation in the context of globalization, there are some regional peculiarities. The issue of immigration of the Central Asians to the United States is undoubtedly relatively a new and less studied phenomenon. The article provides a comparative analysis of the causes and consequences of the migration movement “overseas” in a country context, and its impact on diaspora relations. The goal of the article is to analyze of the migration process from the Central Asian republics to the United States in connection with international migration trends in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM).
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SHAW, RACHEL L., HOLLY GWYTHER, CAROL HOLLAND, MARIA BUJNOWSKA-FEDAK, DONATA KURPAS, ANTONIO CANO, MAURA MARCUCCI, SILVIA RIVA, and BARBARA D'AVANZO. "Understanding frailty: meanings and beliefs about screening and prevention across key stakeholder groups in Europe." Ageing and Society 38, no. 6 (October 11, 2017): 1223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000745.
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ABSTRACTInnovative methods to manage frailty are critical to managing the needs of an ageing population. Evidence suggests there are opportunities to reverse or prevent frailty through early intervention. However, little is known about older adults’, families’ and practitioners’ beliefs about the malleability of frailty. This study examined European stakeholders’ accounts of the acceptability and feasibility of frailty screening and prevention to inform future intervention development. Semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews were conducted in three European Union countries (Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom) with key stakeholders – frail and non-frail older adults, family care-givers, and health and social care professionals. Thematic analysis identified four themes: synchronicity between the physical and the psychological in frailty, living with frailty in the social world, the need for a new kind of care, and screening for and preventing frailty. Findings emphasised the need for a holistic approach to frailty care and early intervention. Integrated care services and advocacy were important in the organisation of care. Central to all stakeholders was the significance of the psychological and social alongside the physical elements of frailty and frailty prevention. Support and care for older adults and their family care-givers needs to be accessible and co-ordinated. Interventions to prevent frailty must encompass a social dimension to help older adults maintain a sense of self while building physical and psychological resilience.
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Rudner, Martin. "European Community Development Assistance to Asia: Policies, Programs and Performance." Modern Asian Studies 26, no. 1 (February 1992): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00015912.
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The European Community is distinctive among the donors of international development assistance. Although it is categorized officially as a multilateral aid institution, the Community differs in structure, purpose and role compared to other, more familiar organizations of that genre. Like other multilaterals, the European Community derives its aid budget, as well as its other financial resources, from the fiscal contributions of its Member states (each of which provides its own bilateral assistance to developing countries). Yet, to be sure, the Community represents more than just a multilateral economic union, since it also constitutes a supra-European governmental authority in the making. Indeed, the European Community has begun to evolve a common foreign policy, which is reflected in its role in Official Development Assistance (ODA). Its aid effort, in giving expression to the Community's common international purpose, has taken on most of the attributes of government-to-government assistance. It is this combination of multilateral and quasi-bilateral characteristics that sets the European Economic Community (EEC, as the Community is styled in its ODA role) apart as a uniquely meta-national participant in international development cooperation.
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Mahdich, Alisa S. "GEOGRAPHY OF THE MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE TO THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE: ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY OF INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS IN THE COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION." Academic Review 1, no. 56 (June 2022): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2022-1-56-10.
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This study is devoted to the analysis of the geography of migration of the population of Ukraine over the last decade on the basis of the Global Index of Migrant Integration Policy (MIPEX) and the identification of factors that attract the population of Ukraine to migrate to other countries. According to European Commission statistics since 2014, the number of Ukrainian labor migrants moving to the European Union (EU) has increased significantly. In 2019, Ukrainian citizens received 660,000 residence permits for paid activities in member states – the largest external labor force in the EU. Thus, the dependence of Member States’ economies on Ukrainian workers has reached significant levels, as evidenced by the labor shortages observed during the COVID-19 crisis, which forced the EU to close its borders. Emigration reduces the supply of labor and accelerates the growth of wages of workers who remain in the country; one of the problems of concern is the loss of skills – most of Ukrainians work abroad without qualifications or do very simple work. The main benefit for the Ukrainian economy is related to the remittances, equivalent to 8% of GDP. Remittances significantly improve the well-being of migrant families and stimulate domestic demand, increasing the country’s GDP. Stable and significant inflow of remittances contributes to a more stable balance of payments, compensation for the constant deficit of trade and investment income. At the same time, there is a risk that migrants will remain permanently resident abroad, which will mean a decrease in the working population in Ukraine. In addition, the impact of emigration and remittances on Ukraine’s public finances is ambiguous: remittances increase VAT, excise and customs revenues, while reducing labor supply reduces revenues from labor taxes and social security contributions in Ukraine. Therefore, it is important to understand what factors currently attract the population of Ukraine to other countries. The Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) is an index that measures the quality of migrant integration policy in 52 countries. The index indicators were developed for a multidimensional view of migrants’ opportunities to participate in public life. The index is a tool for evaluating and comparing the actions of governments to promote the integration of migrants in all analyzed countries. The index helps to understand and analyze the factors that contribute to the integration of migrants. The index covers the following areas of integration: labor market mobility; family reunification; access to services in the field of education; participation in political life; obtaining permanent residence; obtaining citizenship; antidiscrimination; access to health services.
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Nikula, J., and I. Kopoteva. "Local development initiatives in the Lake Ladoga Region: Reasons for success and approaches to funding." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-102-114.
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The peripheral (rural) regions in most countries face four vicious circles that contribute to their low level of development and inability to achieve the sustainable level of development. The first vicious circle is related to demography and is caused by the vulnerable population; very few young people and imbalance of women and men lead to poor economy, i.e. dominance of subsistence economy over production or trade; unfavorable age structure combined with poor services lead to very low birth rate and high levels of migration. The second vicious circle of remoteness is related to the fact that poor infrastructure does not attract businesses or new residents in the area, which contributes to high levels of migration as young and working-age population, especially families with young children, move out. The third vicious circle is related to education: the low level of education and skills mean that there is no labor force available in the region, which prevents business from entering the local market. Lack of employment means high poverty risk, which again accelerates migration from the rural areas. All these processes undermine the possibilities for local development simply because there is not enough human or economic capital to sustain rural development. These negative trends are not only typical for rural areas of Russia but have a strong impact on peripheral areas of many other post-socialist and European countries. The governments in Russia and European Union introduced various programs and measures to promote local development so that to overcome the negative consequences of all the mentioned vicious circles. In the first part of the article, the authors evaluate some local development efforts funded by the Ladoga Initiative project, successful and failed projects aimed at overcoming the vicious circles. In the second part of the article, the authors describe grant and priority programs introduced in Russia to support local development.
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Ambrosino, Nicolino, Guido Vagheggini, Stefano Mazzoleni, and Michele Vitacca. "Telemedicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Breathe 12, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.014616.
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Telemedicine is a medical application of advanced technology to disease management. This modality may provide benefits also to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Different devices and systems are used. The legal problems associated with telemedicine are still controversial. Economic advantages for healthcare systems, though potentially high, are still poorly investigated. A European Respiratory Society Task Force has defined indications, follow-up, equipment, facilities, legal and economic issues of tele-monitoring of COPD patients including those undergoing home mechanical ventilation.Key pointsThe costs of care assistance in chronic disease patients are dramatically increasing.Telemedicine may be a very useful application of information and communication technologies in high-quality healthcare services.Many remote health monitoring systems are available, ensuring safety, feasibility, effectiveness, sustainability and flexibility to face different patients’ needs.The legal problems associated with telemedicine are still controversial.National and European Union governments should develop guidelines and ethical, legal, regulatory, technical, administrative standards for remote medicine.The economic advantages, if any, of this new approach must be compared to a “gold standard” of homecare that is very variable among different European countries and within each European country.The efficacy of respiratory disease telemedicine projects is promising (i.e.to tailor therapeutic intervention; to avoid useless hospital and emergency department admissions, and reduce general practitioner and specialist visits; and to involve the patients and their families).Different programmes based on specific and local situations, and on specific diseases and levels of severity with a high level of flexibility should be utilised.A European Respiratory Society Task Force produced a statement on commonly accepted clinical criteria for indications, follow-up, equipment, facilities, legal and economic issues also of telemonitoring of ventilator-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.Much more research is needed before considering telemonitoring a real improvement in the management of these patients.Educational aimsTo clarify definitions of aspects of telemedicineTo describe different tools of telemedicineTo provide information on the main clinical resultsTo define recommendations and limitations
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Zabiák, Andrea, Csilla Kovács, Ferenc Takács, Károly Pál, Ferenc Peles, Erzsébet Fekete, Levente Karaffa, Kata Mihály, Michel Flipphi, and Erzsébet Sándor. "Diaporthe and Diplodia Species Associated with Walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Hungarian Orchards." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020205.
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Walnut (Juglans regia L.) production is a developing sector in Hungarian horticulture, where preharvest fruit rot increasingly causes economic losses. Previously, fungi from the Diaporthaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae families were isolated with a high incidence from rotten fruits. Here, we identify these pathogens from different plant parts (twigs, buds, and shoots) in orchards in the north-east of Hungary, and test their pathogenicity on immature nuts. Diaporthe eres Nitschke and Diplodia seriata De Notaris were identified in isolates from different symptomatic and asymptomatic plant parts based on their ITS (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer) and tef1 (translation elongation factor EF-1-alpha gene) DNA sequences. Purified monocultures caused rot of immature nuts following in vitro inoculation. Our results suggest that D. eres Nitschke and D. seriata De Notaris lingering on buds and overwintering woody parts may affect the seasonal nuts through wound infection. Infection by Diaporthe and Botryosphaeriaceae species present on woody plant parts, as well as on/in buds has been reported in Mediterranean countries. This is the first report of such stepwise aetiology from a region with continental weather. Climate change, associated weather patterns and the limitations of fungicide use in the European Union, among other factors, could be responsible for the increasing number of infections and economic damage caused by these pathogens.
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KRAVETS, VOLODYMYR, and SVITLANA KRAVETS. "PROBLEMS OF SEXUAL SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENT YOUTH IN THE LIGHT OF “STANDARDS OF SEXUAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE”." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.21.2.21.
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In the late 20-th – early 21-st centuries in society under the influence of globalization and informatization there were dramatic changes in the field of sexual values of domestic youth: pluralism and tolerance in relation to sexual life; autonomization of adolescent and youthful sexuality from external forms of control; commercialization of sex (prostitution, pornography, eroticization of advertising, etc.); rehabilitation of unproductive forms of sexuality; legalization of same-sex love; etc. There was a need to radically improve the theoretical and practical solution to the problems of sexual socialization. The first step towards the implementation of this goal was the adoption by the European Union in 2010 of the “Standards of Sexual Education in Europe”, which marked the beginning of the creation of a regulatory framework for sexual socialization of pupils and was to promote a holistic system of sexual education and provide children and young people with objective, scientifically reliable information about all aspects of sexuality.
The aim of the article: Based on the analysis of “Standards of Sexual Education in Europe” to prove the need and relevance of the introduction in educational institutions of Ukraine sexual socialization of the school children, to indicate the main steps in the implementation of the best foreign experience in light of the recommendations of this document. The article points out the Standards’ emphasis on the mistakes of traditional sexual socialization, which tried to misgive the youth associative relationship between sex and danger, focusing on the potential risks of sexuality. The article on a large array of research material shows the low level of sexual education and sexual culture of Ukrainian schoolchildren, noted factors that hinder the introduction of sexual education courses recommended by WHO for all European countries.
The article on the experience of educational systems of the European Union emphasizes the positive aspects of the introduction of systematic courses of sexual education into the domestic education system. A detailed study of the “Standards of Sexual Education in Europe” and the study of the staging of sexual socialization in foreign countries gave the authors the opportunity to justify the need to use a number of elements of foreign experience in Ukraine. The article defines criteria for assessing the successful implementation of sexual socialization: sexual issues are considered and discussed openly as a positive, integrative part of health; sexual education programs must be adapted to the specific needs and realities of the respective country; there is state support for measures on sexual socialization; sexual socialization takes into account the gender aspect; mandatory linkage of sexual socialization to premarital training of schoolchildren and responsible parenthood; partnership of schools and families, government and non-governmental organizations, various consulting centers in solving the problems of sexual socialization of schoolchildren, etc.