Academic literature on the topic 'Families – Economic aspects – Guatemala'
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Journal articles on the topic "Families – Economic aspects – Guatemala"
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Corzo, Amilcar, Idida M. Figueroa, and Deysi L. Rodríguez. "Beneficios socioeconómicos de las familias que pertenecen a las concesiones forestales comunitarias en Petén, GuatemalaSocio-economic benefits of families belonging to community forestry concessions in Petén, Guatemala." Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 4, no. 2 (June 14, 2018): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36829/63chs.v4i2.535.
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Las concesiones forestales comunitarias creadas en la década de 1990 son una estrategia de conservación en la Reserva de la Biósfera Maya. La evidencia de monitoreo de la cobertura boscosa indica un impacto positivo en la conservación de los bosques. Para identificar si el impacto positivo también se refleja en el bienestar socioeconómico de los concesionarios, se hizo un estudio con 1229 hogares de miembros concesionarios y un grupo de comparación no concesionario. El estudio analiza el impacto socioeconómico a nivel de hogar de la pertenencia a los grupos concesionarios en comparación con grupos sin concesión. La evidencia indica que si bien el efecto no es muy grande los grupos que pertenecen a las concesiones tienen mayor ingreso, mejores condiciones de hogar, acceso a servicios de salud, mayor acceso a educación y percepciones sobre los recursos naturales y su conservación más afines a la teoría conservacionista. Pese a que hay diferencias socioeconómicas a favor de las concesiones, el acceso a esos beneficios es menor en las concesiones que se encuentran dentro de la Reserva que en los grupos concesionarios urbanos viviendo fuera de ella. Si se desea garantizar los beneficios de las concesiones,es necesario no solo focalizarse en el aspecto forestal, sino también mejorar los procesos sociales, económicos y administrativos.
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Becker, Marshall Joseph. "A CLASSIC-PERIODBARRIOPRODUCING FINE POLYCHROME CERAMICS AT TIKAL, GUATEMALA: Notes on ancient Maya firing technology." Ancient Mesoamerica 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536103141053.
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Significant indirect evidence suggests that one of the Classic-period residential groups at Tikal was the residence of a family of potters who produced high-quality painted wares. Delineation of the borders of residential Group 4H-1 at Tikal led me to postulate that thebajowas a major resource zone for ceramic manufacturing rather than a spatially limiting feature. This family of upscale ceramic producers used the adjacentbajoas a source of clay and fuel for firing pottery. The configuration of other groups near Group 4H-1 suggests not only that the people occupying the several groups on this peninsula were related, but that they were all involved in the production, painting, and distribution of fine ceramics. These several residential groups, located on adjacent house lots, define abarriowithin Tikal whose occupants formed an extended kin unit sharing an economic focus on the production of high-quality ceramics. A consideration of the contents of trash deposits that were used by the Maya for building fill and a study of the middens found adjacent to residential groups at Tikal provide clues to the location of a specific kiln, or firing area. Broken pottery in the structure fill tells us more than architectural history. In this example, pottery indicates how other aspects of one or more house lots were organized and used. In particular, these data suggest that abarrio-like cluster of households at Tikal, with its own ritual center (Group 5G-I), housed families of ceramic producers who had specifically located their residences in direct proximity to thebajo. The search for the firing facilities associated with the production of ceramics in Group 4H-1 is now a major research focus. “Kilns,” or firing facilities, should be among the various architectural features found “out back,” or located on the margins of a house lot. Kilns may have been of the trench type or free-standing small buildings, possibly within sheds, and are expected outside the perimeter formed by the main buildings of the residential group. The structures facing a plaza or series of plazas that are the most obvious elements of a single household tend to attract archaeological attention. Location of structures “out back,” or peripheral to the residential core buildings, could help define the configuration of household lots.
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Garðarsdóttir, Hólmfríður. "Ante la indiferencia: Representaciones visuales que reafirman cómo la decepción utópica se vuelve distópica." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v10i1.1449.
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Faced with indifference: Visual representations that endorse utopian expectations turning dystopic.
Every year, in an attempt to reach the United States, hundreds of thousands of undocumented migrants from Central America cross Mexico atop freight trains that are referred to by names such as “The Beast” or “The Train of Death.” Driven by extreme economic conditions, civil unrest and violence in their home countries, and, in some cases, the desire to reunite with relatives already living in the United States, adult individuals, families, and even unaccompanied children and adolescents embark on this perilous journey. In doing so, they risk falling victim to abuse, extortion, sexual assault, and other forms of violence at the hands of brutal gangs, organized crime, and corrupt officials. Many lose their lives.
This study examines various aspects of the passage of undocumented Central American migrants through Mexico, viewing the situation from the perspective of human rights violations and social exclusion. It addresses the specifics and realities of the migrants’ dangerous journey north, and reviews the main factors that lead these people, who are mostly from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, to leave their home countries in search of better conditions and a chance to live what they regard as the American Dream.
The experiences of Central American migrants have been the subject of several documentary films which provide both a narrative and visual representation of the journey north through Mexico. This study will analyze a series of documentaries as well as the feature films Sin nombre (2009) y La jaula de oro (2013) and consider whether the films accurately illustrate the harsh realities that undocumented migrants face while attempting to reach the United States and the extent to which they provide insight into their lives and experiences.
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Erickson, Lora Lee, and Viviane Pecanha. "Young Emancipated Women in Guatemala." International Perspectives in Psychology 11, no. 1 (January 2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000013.
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Abstract. Social support is an important factor influencing the development of resilience across cultures and contexts. In this study, we explored the experiences of social support to the development of resilience among young Guatemalan women who were emancipated from system-based care. The study included 12 participants with an average age of 21 years who resided in the San Lucas Guatemala region. Thematic coding revealed the necessity of relational social support. Subthemes included social support identified and experienced through unconditional love, religiosity, and interpersonal relationships expressed within the realm of Guatemalan cultural values. Opportunities for social support varied considerably and were dependent upon the individual's ecological systems as well as the organizational and individual resources related to staffing and economic funds of the orphanages and group homes. Socioeconomic burdens are consistently present in Guatemala due to the marked inequality of wealth distribution. The disparities were greater among those facing significant life changes such as early separation from families of origin and those with access to fewer resources. This study demonstrates that social support serves as a strong protective factor in resiliency development, mitigating many of the risks present for Guatemalan women in their daily lives, workplaces, families, and communities.
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De Pernillo, M., S. Rivas, L. Fuentes, F. Antillon, and R. D. Barr. "Measurement of socio-economic status in families of children with cancer in Guatemala." Pediatric Blood & Cancer 61, no. 11 (April 19, 2014): 2071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25060.
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Kotenyatkina, Irina B., Anastasia A. Borzenkova, and Maria Radovich. "Some of the Aspects of Bilingual Education in Modern Guatemala." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2019-16-2-204-213.
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The present article demonstrates the development of the concept of bilingual education in Guatemala, caused by the transition to a new type of society: the knowledge society, where the education is considered as the main principle of economic growth. The special attention is paid to the specific needs of indigenous children from the linguistic and cultural points of view, as well as to the fact that the languages spoken by the local population are not being used as a tool during the teaching process. The article points out that the intercultural communication, as a primary principle of bilingual education, allows to overcome difficult sociolingustic conditions and favours the processes of the personality formation, while offering the possibilities of shaping individuals having both Spanish and indigenous languages and cultures as a basis.
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Pineo, Ronn. "Immigration Crisis: The United States Under President Donald J. Trump." Journal of Developing Societies 36, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 7–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19896905.
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Rising crime, homicide, economic despair, infant mortality. The common narrative of the situation in the Northern Triangle nations of Central America, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, points to these grim circumstances to explain the exodus of families leaving for America. But it is not the case that conditions have worsened there in recent years; the best available data show improvement in many socioeconomic measures. This article draws upon the best sources from the Northern Triangle, Mexico, US, and international organizations. Socioeconomic studies and analysis by universities, policy groups, and government agencies from the region provide details on the day-to-day experiences of ordinary people, the realities of poverty, crime, and violence. The conclusions from these studies do not always match common suppositions. Homicides are down, but El Salvador and Honduras remain two of the most dangerous countries in the world. In the Northern Triangle, economic growth has been above the regional average, while the percentage of families living in poverty in Guatemala is actually increasing as income distribution worsens. More Central American families are migrating to the USA than ever before, but far fewer total immigrants are coming to America as the immigration from Mexico has declined. This article concludes with policy recommendations. Since the US economy is creating more jobs than entrants into the workforce. US immigration policies should be adjusted to match economic needs and must be changed to reflect its highest humanitarian values.
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Lane, Ginny, Karla Cordon, Michele Monroy-Valle, Hassan Vatanparast, and Silvia Xinico. "Intergenerational Food Insecurity, Underlying Factors, and Opportunities for Intervention in Momostenango, Guatemala." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.046.
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Abstract Objectives Identify the impacts of climate changes on food production, community food security and household food security in rural Momostenango, Guatemala. Methods Cross sectional mixed methods study involving in-depth interviews with 12 agricultural group leaders in six communities and surveys with 55 mothers in 13 distinct communities. Food secure and food insecure households were compared using chi squared tests. Results Key informant interview themes were subsistence agriculture; commercial production; climate, capital, market, and capacity challenges; and sustainable opportunities. Eighty-five % of interviewed households were food insecure. The vast majority of households (93%) were engaged in agriculture, with food secure families working their own or leased land, while food insecure families worked their own land in addition to engaging in day labor. During seasonal periods of food scarcity, families reported altering food use, reducing expenses, and generating funds. Severely food insecure families were significantly more likely to reduce portion sizes (72%), while food secure families only ate less preferred foods. Reduced intake of beans - a primary protein source - was only reported by some severely food insecure households (22%). Overall, food insecure households are characterized by being larger, having an older mother with less education due to economic restraints during childhood, and deriving most family income from agricultural day labor. Community members indicated interest in establishing small-scale home-based interventions such as hen and egg operations and trying high protein or climate-adapted corn to enhance food security. Conclusions Severely food insecure families consumed a less diverse diet, smaller portions, and reduced bean intake (key protein source) during periods of food scarcity; while moderately food insecure families consumed a less diverse diet and smaller portions; and food secure families only ate less preferred foods. Food insecurity in rural Guatemala is a long-term structural phenomenon associated with limited family resources that reproduces itself in subsequent generations. Funding Sources Queen Elizabeth Scholars through Universities Canada.
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Clegg, E. J. "Aspects of Fertility in Suva, Fiji." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 3 (July 1988): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000006635.
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SummaryRecent changes in vital rates in Fiji suggest that the Melanesian (MF) component of the population is growing faster than the Indian (IF) component, thus reversing a long-standing demographic trend.Patterns of family building were studied in the respondent families of 302 MF and 324 IF children at school in the capital, Suva. Melanesian families were larger than IF families, even when corrected for differences in maternal age and social class. Particularly among IF families, there was a significant effect of social class on family size, higher status families having fewer children. Among all groups there was evidence of a secular trend to earlier childbearing and, less clearly, to an earlier cessation of childbearing. Among both races age-specific fertility levels were similar in younger age-groups, but older IF mothers showed significantly lower fertility.It is suggested that among IF families, who form a more urbanized and commercially/industrially oriented segment of the Fijian population, two factors may account for the reduction in fertility: (i) pressure to limit population growth in the interests of racial harmony; and (ii) economic pressure resulting in a demographic transition. The latter suggestion is supported by the fact that the greatest decrease in fertility occurs among high status families. Among MFs the reduction in fertility has been less, due probably to the absence of a ‘racial harmony’ incentive and also to a lesser economic stimulus.
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Engle, Patrice L., Suzan L. Carmichael, Kathleen Gorman, and Ernesto Pollitt. "Demographic and Socio-Economic Changes in Families in Four Guatemalan Villages, 1967–1987." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 14, no. 3 (September 1992): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659201400305.
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The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) carried out a longitudinal study of the effects of nutritional improvements on growth and development in early childhood in four villages in eastern Guatemala, 1969–1977, with a preparatory survey in 1967 and a follow-up study of the participants in 19881989. This paper examines differences among the four villages in education, occupation, quality of housing, and demographic profiles over a 20-year period, focusing on comparisons between the two villages that received a high-energy, high-protein supplement and the two that received a low-energy supplement at two different times: before the initial longitudinal study and before the follow-up study. The results suggest gradual improvement in all the villages on a number of indicators. However, the two pairs of village were not comparable on all measures; of particular concern for the interpretation of effects on cognitive development are differences in education.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Families – Economic aspects – Guatemala"
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Linzey, Juanita Bird. "A comparison of the financial situations and practices of remarried and first-married families." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063919/.
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Wong, Yi-lee, and 黃綺妮. "Family history and household economic strategies: a study of post-war Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214769.
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Birdsall, Samuel Ross. "Social isolation: A study of causal factors in homeless families." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1586.
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Shure, Dominique Alexandra. "Essays in education economics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4c4e9922-1028-41eb-ad81-7ab74b80311b.
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This thesis examines three different aspects of education policy to ascertain their effects on individual outcomes, both in the classroom and in the labour market. The goal is to provide new empirical evidence using robust identification strategies that can inform better policy. The first chapter looks at the role of pre-primary education in Germany using the German Socio-Economic Panel data set (GSOEP) to determine if attending an early education programme for longer increases the probability of attending a higher-level secondary school at age fourteen. I employ family fixed effects estimation and quasi-experimental analysis to control for selection. The results of the family fixed effects estimation show a small and negative impact of attending early education for more years. In the quasi-experimental analysis, based upon a federal law change in 1996, I find no impact of more years of early education on later schooling outcomes. In the second chapter of this thesis, I again use the GSOEP to examine the recent German reform to extend the length of the primary school day. I exploit the quasi-experimental roll-out of reform to assign treatment to women and look at whether increasing school hours increases the likelihood that mothers enter into employment or extend their hours if already working. I find that the policy has an effect at the extensive margin, drawing more women into the labour market, but that there is no significant impact of the policy at the intensive margin. In the final chapter I turn my attention to how peers' non-cognitive traits impact an individual's learning outcomes. Using an educational panel from Flanders, Belgium, I use the linear-in- means model of peer effects as well as several non-linear models to see how peers' personalities in a classroom affect Dutch and math scores. The results show that having more conscientious peers on average positively impacts Dutch and math scores, but that a greater dispersion of conscientiousness hurts Dutch outcomes. I also find that having more extroverted peers on average hurts math performance.
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Podisi, Mpho Keletso. "The socio-economic aspects involved in compliance to antiretroviral therapy : Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-111529.
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Robinson, Miranda Dawn. "Do the homeless choose to remain homeless?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1366.
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Hardy, Jane P. "An Exploratory Field Study of Adolescent Consumer Behavior: The Family Purchasing Agent." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331907/.
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An exploratory field study was conducted to examine internal and external factors that influence adolescents' consumer behavior when serving as the family purchasing agents. Demographic, lifestyle, and marketing activities were examined to determine the influences that affect whether the adolescent will purchase the preferred family brands or other brands.
Participating adolescents were sent by their parents to the grocery store on two separate occasions to purchase four preselected grocery items. The brands purchased were recorded and compared to the preferred brand names provided by the parents.
While no statistical significance was found, occasional trends were observed. The analysis indicated that adolescents who experience a pluralistic family communication style will purchase products other than the preferred household brands. Adolescents who are exposed to television and radio tend to deviate more from the preferred family brands more often than do adolescents with less media exposure.
Adolescents who work are more likely to go to the grocery store more often for their families than do nonworking adolescents. Also, adolescents seem to possess a price sensitivity to both high and low-involvement grocery items.
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Farrington, Shelley Maeva. "Sibling partnerships in South African small and medium-sized family businesses." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/952.
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Given the predicted increase in the number of family businesses owned and/or managed by siblings (Sibling Partnerships), as well as the lack of understanding and research attention given to such sibling teams, the purpose of this study was to contribute to the more effective functioning of such family businesses in South Africa by identifying the factors that impact on their success. With this purpose in mind, the primary objective was to identify, investigate and empirically test the possible influences of, and relationships between, various factors and the Perceived success of Sibling Partnerships. This study sets out to integrate prior findings and theories on team effectiveness and family relationships, to find support for these theories in the family business literature, and to incorporate these findings into a comprehensive model. The literature study revealed 5 main categories (context, composition, structure, processes, and people) of constructs influencing the Perceived success of sibling teams. Within these 5 main constructs, 13 underlying independent variables were identified and hypothesised to influence measures of effectiveness of sibling teams, namely the dependent variable Perceived success, and the 2 intermediate variables Financial performance and Family harmony. Of the 13 underlying independent variables, 6 were categorised as task-based and 7 as relational-based factors. In addition, hypotheses were formulated for possible relationships between the various task-based constructs (context, composition and structure) and the processes and people constructs. Each construct was clearly defined and then operationalised. Operationalisation was done by using reliable and valid items sourced from tested measuring instruments used in previous studies, as well as several self-generated items based on secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was made available to respondents identified by means of the convenience snowball sampling technique, and the data collected from 371 usable questionnaires was subjected to various statistical analyses. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and Cronbach-alpha coefficients were calculated to confirm the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument. The 6 task-based latent variables were confirmed by the exploratory factor analysis. However, all the other latent variables, as originally intended in the theoretical model, could not be confirmed. Instead, 3 dependent variables were identified, namely Financial performance, Growth performance and Satisfaction with work and family relationships, and 6 relational-based constructs, with some changes, did emerge. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was the main statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent and dependent variables. Because of sample size restrictions the conceptual model could not be subjected to SEM as a whole; consequently 10 submodels were identified and subjected to further analysis. The following independent variables were identified as influencing the dependent variables in this study: • Internal context • Complementary skills • Leadership • Shared dream • Fairness • Sibling relationship • Non-family members • No other family members (spouses and non-active siblings) In addition, the factors Complementary skills, Leadership, Past parent involvement, No present parent involvement, and No other family members, were identified as significantly influencing the relationship between the siblings involved in the Sibling Partnership. Furthermore, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multiple Linear Regression analysis and t-tests were undertaken to determine the influence of demographic variables on the dependent variables. How ownership is shared in a family business involving siblings, the shareholding between the siblings themselves, and the nature of leadership between the siblings, has been found to influence the iv dependent variables in the present study. In addition, a Sibling Partnership is likely to perform most effectively when it is composed of a relatively young sibling team that has a small age gap between the members, and business performance will improve as the siblings gain work experience together, and as the number of employees increase. This study has added to the empirical body of family business research by investigating a particularly limited segment of the literature, namely Sibling Partnerships in family businesses. By identifying and developing various models that outline the most significant factors that influence the success of such family business partnerships, this study offers recommendations and suggestions for managing family businesses involving siblings, in such a way as to enrich their family relationships and to improve the financial performance of their businesses.
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"Identification of intra-household resource allocation: extensions and alternative approaches." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888799.
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Yuk-fai Fong.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Review of Related Literature and Motivation of Research
Chapter 2.1 --- "Browning, Bourguignon, Chiappori and Lechene (1994)" --- p.6
Chapter 2.2 --- Chiappori (1992) --- p.9
Chapter 2.3 --- "Bourguignon, Browning, Chiappori and Lechene (1993)" --- p.10
Chapter 2.4 --- Motivation of Research --- p.11
Chapter 3. --- The Identification of non-assignable consumption
Chapter 3.1 --- Extension from Previous Results --- p.15
Chapter 3.2 --- An Alternative Approach --- p.18
Chapter 4. --- Identification in case of Incomplete Observation of Private Expenditure
Chapter 4.1 --- The BBCL Approach --- p.22
Chapter 4.2 --- An Alternative Approach of Identification --- p.24
Chapter 4.3 --- Inclusion of Exogenous variables in Sharing Rule: Structural vs. Reduced form --- p.30
Chapter 4.4 --- Test for Omission of Some Items in the Total Private Expenditure --- p.35
Chapter 4.5 --- Designation of Nature of Goods- A Remark --- p.36
Chapter 5. --- Extension to Include Private Leisure as a Choice Variable of Individuals
Chapter 5.1 --- Difficulties in Identification of Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure in a Framework of Free Labor Choice --- p.38
Chapter 5.2 --- Identification of Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure Without Observation of Private Leisure --- p.41
Chapter 5.3 --- Identification of Sharing Rule in Structural Form with the Observation of Unearned Incomes --- p.46
Chapter 6. --- Possibility of Identifying the Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure under Incomplete Observation of Consumption of Commodities --- p.49
Chapter 6.1 --- Identification of ) --- p.50
Chapter 7. --- Parametric Examples for Illustration
Chapter 7.1 --- Example I --- p.57
Chapter 7.2 --- Example II --- p.61
Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.65
Appendix --- p.67
Reference --- p.69
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"Intra-household allocation, sharing rule and spousal leisure: evidence from China." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891613.
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Chau Tak Wai.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- Pioneering Work --- p.5
Chapter 2.2 --- Collective Household Consumption --- p.8
Chapter 2.3 --- Household Production --- p.16
Chapter 2.4 --- Tests between Unitary Model and Collective Model --- p.17
Chapter 2.5 --- Distribution Factors in Collective Labor Supply --- p.19
Chapter 2.6 --- Identification of Spousal Leisure --- p.20
Chapter 2.7 --- Plan of the thesis --- p.21
Chapter 3 --- Data Descriptions --- p.23
Chapter 3.1 --- Data Collection Process --- p.23
Chapter 3.2 --- Data Characteristics --- p.24
Chapter 4 --- Individual Wage and Labor Supply Equations --- p.30
Chapter 4.1 --- Individual Wage Equations --- p.30
Chapter 4.2 --- Individual Labor Supply Equation --- p.36
Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusion --- p.43
Chapter 5 --- Collective Household Labor Supply --- p.46
Chapter 5.1 --- Theoretical Model --- p.47
Chapter 5.2 --- Parametric Specification --- p.53
Chapter 5.3 --- Data and Empirical Results --- p.56
Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.64
Chapter 6 --- Identification of Independent and Spousal Leisure --- p.66
Chapter 6.1 --- Theoretical Model --- p.67
Chapter 6.2 --- Parametric Specification --- p.78
Chapter 6.3 --- Data and Empirical Results --- p.82
Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.91
Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.93
References --- p.96
Tables and Appendices --- p.101
Books on the topic "Families – Economic aspects – Guatemala"
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Guatemala, intimidades de la pobreza. Guatemala: Universidad Rafael Landívar, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales, 1999.
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McCreery, David. Rural Guatemala, 1760-1940. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1994.
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Harris, Leslie J. Valuing families: The state of Oregon's families. Edited by Morgen Sandra, Leeper Nancy E. 1953-, and University of Oregon. Center for the Study of Women in Society. Eugene, Or: Center for the Study of Women in Society, University of Oregon, 1999.
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Berger, Susan A. Political and agrarian development in Guatemala. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
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Soria, Julio César Pinto. Estructura agraria y asentamiento en la Capitanía General de Guatemala. 2nd ed. [Guatemala]: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 1987.
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Global Maya: Work and ideology in rural Guatemala. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2009.
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Families in poverty. New York: Allyn & Bacon, 2007.
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Canada. Statistics Canada. 1991 Census. Families: social and economic characteristics: the nation. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1991.
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Patrinos, Harry Anthony. Socioeconomic and ethnic determinants of grade repetition in Bolivia and Guatemala. Washington, D.C: Technical Dept., Latin America and the Caribbean, World Bank, 1992.
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Kotlikoff, Laurence J. Economic exchange and support within U.S. families. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Families – Economic aspects – Guatemala"
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M. Mejía-Ortíz, Luis, Peter Sprouse, Juan C. Tejeda-Mazariegos, Jair Valladarez, Oscar Frausto-Martínez, Alejandro L. Collantes-Chavez-Costa, Guillermo Ruíz-Cancino, and German Yáñez. "Tropical Subterranean Ecosystems in Mexico, Guatemala and Belize: A Review of Aquatic Biodiversity and Their Ecological Aspects." In Natural History and Ecology of Mexico and Central America. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97694.
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The subterranean ecosystems in tropical areas of Mexico, North of Guatemala & Belize are very abundant because the karstic soil that allow these formations are the main composition in the Yucatán Peninsula and several mountains systems in these countries; also, they have a strong relationship with tropical forest adjacent where the main energy into the caves have an alloctonous origin. In these three countries there are three different cave conditions: a) freshwater semi-dry caves, b) flooded freshwater systems and c) anchialine systems. Mainly crustaceans and freshwater fishes are the major representative group in the aquatic diversity in these systems because the anchialine members are restricted to Yucatán Peninsula and Islands adjacent. Around 5000 entries to subterranean world there are among these countries, where the Yucatan Peninsula is the area with major caves or cenotes in comparison with southern of Mexico, North of Guatemala and Belize. Into these systems are possible found crustaceans and fishes from different families. The objective of this paper is present a review of these systems according with each karstic areas and show the current map including the location of each systems; as well their subterranean aquatic biodiversity and, finally discuss the relationships among these different areas using their biological aquatic richness in consideration with ecological subterranean conditions.
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Sánchez, Margarita María. "Thinking Transnationally." In Immigration and the Current Social, Political, and Economic Climate, 165–85. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6918-3.ch009.
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Wagner College is participating in a ground-breaking project that brings migrant families together after years of separation. This project has been not only inspirational for both faculty members and students, but is also a great opportunity to learn about forced migration and alternatives to keep families together. The “Transnational Project: San Jerónimo Xayacatlán-Port Richmond” was created to connect communities in both the United States and Mexico and to preserve their cultural identities that have been threatened by forced migration. In this chapter, I would like to present the project focusing on three aspects: the history of the project, the individual stories of members who migrated and of those who stayed in their homeland, and the impact of this educational opportunity in the classroom. I will use a series of interviews with the members of Ñani Migrante (the group formed by the members of both the San Jerónimo and the Port Richmond communities), the presentations of both panels that took place at Wagner College, and the reflections of students who attended them.
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Bambeni, Ntobeko. "Social Ageing Challenges Faced by Older Adults Exposed to Conditions of Underdevelopment and Extreme Poverty." In Social Aspects of Ageing - Selected Challenges, Analyses, and Solutions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107116.
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Ageing is a crucial era at the last stage in the lifespan of human beings, particularly for those who survive and pass through other stages of the life cycle. There has been a considerable increase in the number of people who reach this stage and live longer across the globe. The rampant increase of this population group has yielded unprecedented challenges to the both the developed and underdeveloped world due to the psychological, health, economic and social needs of this population cohort. In most developing countries, these social challenges faced by older the older persons are to a certain extent mitigated by the cohesive structure within the community. However, the social, living arrangements from families and communities that are available to the older population are under threat due ongoing demise in the traditional forms of care is as a result of families having suffered from the impact of social change, including urbanisation, geographical spread, migration, the trend towards nuclear families, and participation of women in the workforce. Ageism as a concept is viewed as the theoretical, policy and practical underpinning for how ageism is perceived and dealt with. The negative stereotypes that often shape the theoretical framework with regard to ageism is the root cause of negative attributes associated with ageing. This chapter therefore, concludes with the key recommendation that governments from the developing economies should strive towards development of policies for the protection of advancement of the wellbeing of older population and make resources available for the implementation of the policies.
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Wu, Haorui. "Resilience in Postdisaster Reconstruction of Human Settlement." In Multisystemic Resilience, 646–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0034.
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Disaster resilience is an ongoing learning process for individuals, families, communities, and society in general to prepare for, respond to, adapt to, and recover from disaster events. This capacity requires a synthesis of multiple elements, including natural, built, social, cultural, economic, and political environments. Architects are on the front line to facilitate postdisaster reconstruction of human settlement, overseeing the quality of structural and infrastructural systems to better support the various social and humanitarian recovery efforts. From the architectural perspective of disaster research and practice, this chapter examines various aspects of building resilience in human settlement. Using the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction initiative in China as an example, this chapter illustrates how the lack of balance among different societal factors (such as social, economic, and cultural) in built environment reconstruction directly damages other aspects of recovery, which significantly delays the capacity-building process of resilience.
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Ural, Ozana. "Talk and Play Family Education Perspective." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 81–95. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5167-6.ch006.
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The early childhood period is the most important time for a child's development. In the early years of a child, the responsibility of caring, training, and support lies upon the family. The child should be supported at home by family as well as the school. For maximum development of potential of children in the early period, the family and the school should be supported by various education programs. All programs that support preschool-aged children and their families in terms of child care and education can be called family education programs. Family education consists of various educational programs that include providing information to parents on becoming more knowledgeable, caring, responsible, happy, and healthy families and to maintain a good life with their children by guiding and advising them to acquire the necessary skills. Family education programs could be beneficial both for social and economic gains. This chapter aims to analyse various aspects of family education programmes in Turkey and abroad in a comparative perspective.
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Ural, Ozana. "Talk and Play Family Education Perspective." In Early Childhood Development, 1138–52. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7507-8.ch057.
Full textAbstract:
The early childhood period is the most important time for a child's development. In the early years of a child, the responsibility of caring, training, and support lies upon the family. The child should be supported at home by family as well as the school. For maximum development of potential of children in the early period, the family and the school should be supported by various education programs. All programs that support preschool-aged children and their families in terms of child care and education can be called family education programs. Family education consists of various educational programs that include providing information to parents on becoming more knowledgeable, caring, responsible, happy, and healthy families and to maintain a good life with their children by guiding and advising them to acquire the necessary skills. Family education programs could be beneficial both for social and economic gains. This chapter aims to analyse various aspects of family education programmes in Turkey and abroad in a comparative perspective.
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Katsikas, Stefanos. "Neophytes in the Kingdom of Hellas." In Proselytes of a New Nation, 124–56. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197621752.003.0005.
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This chapter analyzes the economic and social profile as well as the legal, economic, and social status of converts in the Kingdom of Hellas during the Regency (1832–1835) and the reign of King Otto (1835–1862). The chapter explores the Regency’s and King Otto’s policies toward the converts. It also discusses gender aspects of conversion: why the overwhelming majority of Muslim converts were women, and the correlation of conversions to Orthodox Christianity with incidents of abduction of Muslim women by Orthodox Christian men, who intended to marry them by force and increase their assets by controlling the properties of their neophyte spouses, or by getting generous dowries from their spouses’ (Muslim) families. This and the previous chapter are mostly narrative and expository, and the analysis for both follows in the conclusion at the end of the book.
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Stan, Sabina Veronica. "Connections Between Knowledge and Practice in Educational Psychology." In Analyzing Paradigms Used in Education and Educational Psychology, 225–47. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1427-6.ch011.
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The issue of exercising parental roles in families with children with special needs is a study framework that requires customization of measurements and interventions related to types and degrees of deficiencies. From this perspective, there is a configuration of mediating and moderator factors. The transnational, socio-cultural, and socio-economic aspects cannot be ignored from the perspective of adequate assistance and orientation of the children through parents. Support strategies must be related to diagnosis and psycho-individual manifestations. Also, parental cognitive abilities, parental educational and social status, parental physical and mental health, perceived self-efficacy and parental satisfaction, coping strategies, and parental reported well-being are elements that influence the quality of parent-child interrelations.
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Shang, Xiaoyuan, and Karen R. Fisher. "Introduction to leaving state care in China." In Young People Leaving State Care in China. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336693.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter talks about how the rapid social, economic, and demographic changes in China have affected all aspects of the living environment of children and young people, particularly children in state care. Positive developments are the growth of the mixed welfare state and the relaxation of the family planning requirements, so that all families can now choose to have more than one child and they are more likely to receive free social services. These trends imply that fewer children will be left in state care in the future. On the other hand, whereas the government once arranged jobs for young people leaving care or other young people with disabilities, it now relies on the developing labour market to fulfil this function.
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Vieira, Kate. "Learning to Log On." In Writing for Love and Money, 49–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877316.003.0004.
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Based on fieldwork in Brazil, this chapter develops the concept of “writing remittances”—the hardware, software, and knowledge about literacy that migrants often remit home to communicate with loved ones. As objects of emotional and economic value, writing remittances demand literacy learning as one condition of their exchange. Because such learning, like money, is fungible, homeland residents often circulate and reinvest it locally, with varying returns. This chapter brings together two fundamental aspects of literacy—its imbrication in economic trends and its materiality—to show how they interact in families’ relationships across borders. It does so by offering snapshots of experiences of writing remittances taken from various angles: an aerial view of writing remittances across social class; a narrative view of writing remittances across one man’s life; historically oriented views across the changing technologies of print and digital writing remittances; and future-oriented views as women and men described the payoffs (or not) of migration-driven literacy learning.
Conference papers on the topic "Families – Economic aspects – Guatemala"
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GOLYASH, Iryna. "THE WAR AND HAPPINESS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS." In Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.15.
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Ukraine has felt the impact of strong force, which has affected the level of happiness in the country. The circumstances were military actions which was provoked by the aggression of the Russian Federation. A whole generation of people knew about the war only from historical sources and had no previous experience of survival. During the war, basic physiological needs became a priority for the civilian population of Ukraine: security, water, food, heat, sleep, medicine. All other needs of a higher order have ceased, or become to be inconsiderable. The war did not make people happy, but it changed their behavior, which was due to the need to make important current and future decisions. Current decisions focused on survival, while long-term decisions focused on choosing one of the alternative life options, taking into account its expected quality and subjective prediction of personal happiness and happiness of their children. All this has led to a number of transformations in the socio-economic sphere, such as: falling incomes and rising household expenditures; change in the structure of consumption; shortage of certain foods and medicines; the impact of inflation; intensification of migration processes; demographic disparities and family separation; reduction of human resources; reduction of life expectancy and deterioration of health of Ukrainians; limited transport and logistics within the country; termination of a significant part of enterprises and small businesses; heavy load on social infrastructure facilities; increasing the number of individuals and families in difficult life circumstances, etc. According to the Phoenix Effect, life is expected to recover very quickly after the war. Ukrainians, having gone through numerous trials, will become much more resilient and happier in the future. Key words: Ukraine, russia, war, happiness, sconomy, Society, future
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Oprea, Daniela. "School Effects of Attachment Break in Context of Economic Migration of Parents." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/23.
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Romania is going through a period of economic transition, subject to the pressures of globalization that affect the evolution of the family, at the micro social level, structurally, from the behaviour and relational point of view. The continuous process of changes in the labour market, the inefficiency of the association between vocational training and job satisfaction, the financial difficulties felt by most families but also the challenge of modernity have emphasized the phenomenon of migration in the last decade. The departure of parents who have to work abroad has become a worrying phenomenon with a higher incidence in the eastern half of the country. It has got complex effects on the evolution of the family, especially on the children left at home with one of their parents or their tutors. Nowadays, the studies show more and more situations of neglect in which children become victims and suffer emotionally and physically. They also suffer various abuses, they are exploited through work or sex. In schools, there is a new profile of special educational requirements (not deficiencies), the profile of children left at home without parental support. It is worrying the migration phenomenon seen as a value model by the young generation and its negative effects at school level: decrease of motivation for learning or school abandonment. The present study discusses a review of the current scientific literature objectively, which examines the impact of breaking attachment relationships between children and parents on socio-emotional development and school outcomes. The Romanian society knows an important socio-economic phenomenon, which has grown since 1990: migration. In 2017, a study carried out at the request of the Romanian Government recorded more than 85,000 children left home alone with one of the parents or without parental supervision. We aim to analyse what effects at school and socio-emotional level have the loss of attachment ties having as moderators the gender of the migrant parent, the duration of the separation, the age at which the separation occurs. When these relationships are interrupted, the child’s emotional development is affected, his emotional balance having repercussions in his social life. The purpose of this study is to identify, monitor the dimensions of the phenomenon in intensely affected areas (Braila and Galati counties), the psycho-pedagogical aspects of children with migrant parents exposed to situations of vulnerability, marginalization and to propose a program of educational strategies in order to optimize school motivation. The main objective of the research is to identify, evaluate and involve them into adaptive actions that have as their objective the rebalancing of the socio-affective relations
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Oneț, Romana. "Social Dimensions of Roma Marginalization." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/55.
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The paper aims to analyze aspects of Roma marginalization, by identifying and assessing the dimensions of social needs within a compact Roma community, located in a marginalized urban area. The effects of the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic increase inequalities regarding the economic and social situation. The major challenge is to reduce the risk of poverty, especially among families with children, people with disabilities and chronic diseases, but also the social exclusion of people at social risk, based on accurate measurements of social phenomena. The community profile indicates the social status of the inhabitants, which provides a picture of the degree of marginalization and social exclusion of Roma. Thus, the study was conducted by constructing a questionnaire as a research tool, which summarizes the results of the activity of information collection and processing, both based on statistical methods and percentage analysis. The problems faced by marginalized Roma communities are low participation in education, early school leaving, difficult transition to tertiary education, lack of adult skills, low skills among vulnerable people in the labor market, low access to services, poor health and housing. Measures for early detection of situations of social risk and intervention lead to positive effects in preventing marginalization and social exclusion.
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Burleson, Grace, Brian Butcher, Brianna Goodwin, and Kendra Sharp. "Assisting Economic Opportunity for Women Through Appropriate Engineering Design of a Soap-Making Process in Uganda." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59715.
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TERREWODE, a non-governmental organization in Uganda, works to eradicate obstetric fistula in local communities and provide income-generating skills training to the affected women. Obstetric fistula is a traumatic childbirth injury caused by prolonged, obstructed labor and delayed intervention. The condition is preventable with proper medical attention, however, in rural areas women who suffer from the condition are typically disowned from their families and communities [1]. As part of their social reintegration program, TERREWODE provides training for women post-treatment in multiple income-generating skill areas; jewelry making, baking, cooking, sewing, and buying/selling produce. The soap-making idea originated within TERREWODE itself and is intended to create an income stream for the women participating. The scope of this senior capstone project, in collaboration with several organizations, is to increase efficiency, reliability, and repeatability of the soap-making process and explore potential avenues for powering the system in an off-grid setting. A weighted-design matrix was used to make engineering decisions throughout the project. The two primary engineering aspects of this project were the selection of soap-making process (hot vs. cold) and the selection of a mixing device and powering unit. Understanding of appropriate manufacturing technologies in Uganda was necessary as all materials and tools needed to be locally available for success for the project. The hot process requires maintaining the soap mixture at a constant temperature for roughly two hours or until the gel phase occurs. This process allows for a short curing time, permitting the soap to be ready for use sooner. Opposing this, the cold process requires little cook time but a lengthy curing time. Experimental data showed that maintaining a consistent temperature over an extended period of time while using a cookstove is nearly impossible, even in a controlled lab environment. The cold process was selected as a better suited solution for manufacturing due to field conditions and available resources. A mixing device is crucial to the soap-making process. Due to the unreliability of grid-based electricity in the region, the team considered both a human-powered mixing solution and a solar-powered mixing solution [2]. TERREWODE leadership steered the team away from creating a human powered bike mixer for fear of discouraging women to participate, due to potential health and comfort issues. The team selected a solar powered system and has tested a U.S. manufactured prototype. The ultimate goal of this soap-making project is to provide an opportunity for victims and survivors of obstetric fistula to earn a livelihood. The work done by the Oregon State (OSU) mechanical engineering design team, in conjunction with the OSU Anthropology department, University of Oregon College of Business, several private artists and entrepreneurs, and TERREWODE, will provide potential improvements to the process and implementation plan to more effectively and economically create soap.
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Favi, Claudio, Michele Germani, Marco Mandolini, and Marco Marconi. "Disassembly Knowledge Classification and Potential Application: A Preliminary Analysis on a Washing Machine." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59514.
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Circular economy is largely recognized as the univocal economic model that guarantees a long-term sustainability, decoupling the economic growth and the finite resources consumption. As a prerequisite, it requires to realize product closed-loop lifecycles. However, the management of the EoL phase during the design process is a complex task, due to the fact that it is the most far away phase, in terms of time, from the moment of the product conception. For this reason, usually, manufacturers and EoL stakeholders do not actively collaborate in optimizing the product lifecycle performances. This paper wants to overcome this lack proposing a method to formalize, collect and classify the EoL knowledge. The main outcome is a structured database containing positive and negative knowledge about best practices and disassembly problems faced during dismantling activities. The knowledge classification rules are based both on product characteristics (e.g. product families, target components, assembly methods, etc.) and on other more general aspects (e.g. motivations of the disassembly, handling difficulties, etc.). Through the sharing of this knowledge, the gap between design departments and EoL stakeholders can be reduced with the aim to improve EoL performances and the overall resource efficiency. This work is focused on an out-of-service washing machine case study. The product has been manually disassembled by expert operators, observing and rating the significant problems. Their interpretation has allowed to create a set of specific design guidelines, organized according to the defined rules. The classified knowledge has been used by non-expert designers (undergraduate students) as a tool to guide the re-design activities. Different design solutions (e.g. homogenization of screws, reduction of component number, etc.) have been implemented to configure a new washing machine version, improved from the disassemblability point of view. The obtained results have confirmed the usefulness of the disassembly knowledge sharing in supporting Design for EoL activities and, furthermore, in non-skilled operators training. In conclusion, this research work contributes to the state of the art linking stakeholders involved in the Beginning of Life (BoL) with stakeholders responsible of the EoL management. Furthermore, the proposed work leads to relevant improvements in product lifecycle performances. The proposed knowledge database represents the needed resource to effectively extend the producer responsibility and to close the current gap between manufacturers and dismantlers.
Reports on the topic "Families – Economic aspects – Guatemala"
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Ben-Dov, Yair, Douglass R. Miller, G. Gibson, M. Kosztarab, and K. Veilleux. Computerized Synthesis of Information on the Scale Insects of the World. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573991.bard.
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Systematic information on all aspects of agriculture is a significant tool in finding solutions to various problems. This project was initiated to develop a searchable database on taxonomy, host plants, geographic distribution, economic importance and control of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). A systematic database has been developed for 17 families of scale insects, namely, Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kerriidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Micrococcidae, Ortheziidae, Phenacoleachiidae, Phoenicococcidae and Pseudococcidae. These databases are now available on the Internet in ScaleNet - A Searchable Information System on Scale Insects - a Systematic Database of the Scale Insects of the World, (URL: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/scalenet.htm ). Since 1997, the year in which ScaleNet was first placed on the Internet, this site became the best worldwide source of information on scale insects. The most reliable evaluation is that the site was 'visited' during 1999 by more than 50,000 users. Messages from the clientele of the site clearly indicate that it is widely used by researchers, applied entomologists, quarantine officers, students as well as the general public.