Dissertations / Theses: 'Families at risk'

1

Mayosi, B. M. "Genetic determination of cardiovascular risk factors in families." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249502.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Combrinck, Jeanette Mildred. "Families at risk : experiences of family preservation services." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53396.

Full text

Abstract:

In the past, social welfare delivery services to families at risk in South Africa focused strongly on statutory intervention, where children were removed from the care of their parents or caregivers and placed in alternative care. The system failed to deliver a full spectrum of services which would include prevention and early intervention services, with the result that many children and their families were exposed to immense trauma. A developmental approach to social welfare had since been adopted and social work service delivery in South Africa is supportive of prevention and early intervention services with the emphasis on strengthening the family, capacity building, and on community and family-based services. Social work services however still have a strong focus on statutory intervention and not enough on the preservation of families and keeping children in the family and community. This issue underlies the goal of the study, namely to explore the experiences of families at risk of family preservation services they have received. The research followed a qualitative research approach, with applied research as the type of research with the intent that the information obtained through the research could inform family preservation services in practice. A phenomenological research design guided the study and enabled the researcher to obtain rich information from the research participants. Purposive sampling was used to select nine participants who conformed to the sampling criteria for the study. Data were collected by means of unstructured in-depth interviews which allowed the researcher to obtain an understanding of the participants? views of family preservation services. The research findings indicated that the nature of the helping relationship between the social worker and most of the participants was of major importance in determining the participants? experiences of family preservation services. Clarity on the role of the social worker was a determining factor in the participants? perceptions of social workers and social work services. Where participants were clear about the fact that the role of the social worker was not to remove children in the first instance, they had a more positive experience of the involvement of the social worker and trusting relationship with the social worker. The participants identified a range of support services that they deemed helpful. These services included concrete services, emotional support, educational and recreational services, as well as multi-professional services. Participants who received holistic services expressed more positive experiences of social work intervention than participants who received services of a limited scope. The researcher reached the conclusion that family preservation services which include comprehensive services to support the family to meet the needs of its members, can be an effective intervention strategy to support families and prevent the out-of-home placement of children. Comprehensive models of family preservation services, such as Systems of Care, multi-systemic therapy and the wraparound process are relevant to addressing the various needs of families at risk. It seems that community-based centers are in a position to provide such comprehensive services to families at risk within their communities, while the provision of intensive family preservation services in the South African context may not be a viable option of service delivery for many welfare organisations due to the shortage of social workers and resources. In situations where risk is due to poverty and unemployment, family preservation can be an effective strategy to assist families at risk to care for their children and prevent the out-of-home placement of these children. In this sense family preservation services are in support of the principles and practice of developmental social work. It is thus recommended that social workers should not relate family preservation services to an intensive model of intervention only, but also deliver comprehensive services to families at risk that can support them over the longer term. Inter-agency collaboration can enhance the possibility of the provision of holistic family preservation services. Larger research studies on family preservation, conducted in different geographical areas and with diverse populations in the South African context, are recommended.
Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ferreira, Manuel A. R. "Genetic risk factors for allergic asthma in Australian families /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19164.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hopper, Jennifer. "Communication within Families at-risk for Type 2 Diabetes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367937775.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Foster, Rachel Erin Smokowski Paul R. "A typology for families at risk for child maltreatment." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1877.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Social Work." Discipline: Social Work; Department/School: Social Work.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zielewski, Erica. "Families at risk examining lack of supervision allegations among families with Prior Child Protective Services Involvement /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/7004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Loutzenhiser, Lynn. "Risk, family functioning, and child competence in Head Start families." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63895.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Olsson, Gabriella. "Expressions of context : Studies of schools, families, and health risk behaviours." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-135348.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis explores the health behaviours of young people. The main focus is on risk behaviours, i.e. those which may have adverse consequences for health. Two fields of interest are looked at. On the one hand, the thesis explores social determinants of such behaviours, with particular focus on the influence of schools’ structural and social environment on health risk behaviours among youth. On the other hand, the thesis addresses the role of such behaviours in the relationship between childhood social inequalities and adult health. In terms of theory, the study sets out from Coleman's view of the association between structure and agency and the assumption that macro level structures and patterns can be understood on the basis of individual actors’ actions. The thesis consists of four studies addressing different, but related, aspects of the above areas of interest. The overall conclusion of studies I-III is that the school context has direct and indirect effects on young people's risk behaviours. The results of multilevel analyses indicate, more specifically, that students who attend more advantaged schools report more risk behaviours such as smoking, alcohol- and drug use than students at more disadvantaged schools. Self-reported crime is however higher in the more disadvantaged school settings. Further analyses show that a school's social and normative climate also is important for the extent to which youth consume alcohol, smoke, or have used drugs. These risk behaviours are most prevalent in schools where a large proportion of the parents have a more permissive attitude towards alcohol and smoking, and where teacher-rated levels of trust and informal social control (collective efficacy) are high. The results show, further, that school contexts also act indirectly on youth risk behaviours. Young people who reports weak bonds with their parents tend generally to be more involved in risk behaviours than those who report strong bonds. This tendency is reinforced in more advantaged school settings. Finally, Study IV demonstrates that youth risk behaviours act accumulatively and indirectly on later health, rather than directly. Moreover, the importance of risk behaviours for later health varies between the birth cohorts. Health behaviours explain a larger part of the relationship between socioeconomic conditions in childhood and health as an adult in the younger cohort.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Barnes, Christopher. "Cognitive, emotional and environmental mediators of early parenting in high risk families." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/33753.

Full text

Abstract:

The UK currently has the highest number of premature births (babies born before 37 weeks gestation age and below 2.5kg) in Europe affecting around 70,000 babies and their caregivers each year. Consequently many interventions have been created to support the development of the preterm newborn and minimise the complications of prematurity. Many of the interventions developed have been predominantly tactile and have almost exclusively focused upon their effect upon the baby and not, for example considered the effect that this type of intervention might have upon the parents; specifically the mother, when they are the ones who perform the therapy. In fact there is a severe lack of systematic studies investigating the latter. Hence, the aim of this thesis was to search for research-based evidence on the benefits of environmental support to both babies (e.g. increased weight gain or awake periods) and their mothers (e.g. higher perceptions of themselves as a mother) during hospital confinement and within the context of Neonatal Health Psychology (NNHP). For this reason, the main hypothesis investigated whether mothers’ cognitions and emotions; specifically Maternal Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem and Attachment, would be affected by environmental mediators in the form of structured or non-structured tactile sensory nurturing interventions. The empirical work reported in this thesis is divided into 3 distinct phases. Firstly, as their was no appropriate measure of maternal Self-Efficacy for mothers of hospitalised preterm neonates the main aim of Phase-1 was to develop and validate an appropriate measure. Using a prospective survey method and a mixed design (between/within and correlational) a total of 160 mother-preterm dyads (pooled from 2 cohorts; cohort 1, N=100; cohort 2, N=60) were recruited. The results demonstrated that the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMPS-E) tool had good initial psychometric properties (including internal/external reliability and construct validity) for its use with mothers of relatively healthy hospitalised preterm neonates. Secondly, in order to investigate mothers’ perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy beliefs further Phase-2 examined whether the type of feeding a mother chose to give to her baby mediated her self-efficacy beliefs. The results suggested that breastfeeding a preterm neonate during hospital confinement may adversely affect mothers’ perceptions of their efficacy in all aspects of parenting. Finally, using an experimental method Phase-3 tested the main hypothesis of this thesis and used a randomised cluster control trial (RCCT) design to allocate 60 mothers and their preterms equally to one of three cluster groups; consisting of either structured (e.g. TAC-TIC therapy or Using a Toy) or non-structured (Placebo/Control) tactile sensory nurturing interventions. The main findings illustrate that tactile sensory nurturing interventions do mediate maternal cognitions and emotions, preterm weight gain and behavioural state. In particular, mothers who performed TAC-TIC demonstrated significantly higher self-reported perceptions in their self-efficacy, self-esteem and attachment, which was attributed to the fact that these babies spent increased amounts of time in an alert and responsive behavioural state, and gained more weight throughout the study period. Thus, the work presented throughout this thesis has implications for Neonatal Health Psychologists and other Health Care professionals’ practice within neonatal units, the use of Neonatal Health Psychology as a framework to study the preterm neonate and their family, and also the way in which both mothers and their hospitalised preterm neonates are supported during hospital confinement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kinser, Amber E. "Fixing Food to Fix Families: Feeding Risk Discourse and the Family Meal." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1235.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines mothering rhetorics as they relate to feeding the family. The analysis is grounded in public, popular, and institutional texts about family meals and focus-group data from 31 mothers talking about their experiences and perceptions of family meals. The author demonstrates how family meal discourses work as a reproducing rhetoric that moralizes maternal feeding work. The author argues that family meal discourse is problematic because it obscures the ways in which it is mother-targeted and mother-blaming; suppresses maternal voice and misrepresents family food labor; and regulates maternal activity, and thus identity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Burghy, Cory A. "Family environmental risk, frontal brain asymmetry, and social-emotional functioning for children living in poverty." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317326181&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Chiang, Yuan-Yu. "Adoption status: a risk factor or protective factor for children of divorced families." FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2165.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examined two competitive hypotheses: the double-jeopardy hypothesis and the buffering effect hypothesis on whether parental divorce affects adopted children and non-adopted children similarly or differently. The double-jeopardy hypothesis suggests that when adopted children experience their parents' divorce, they perform worse because they carry two risk factors, adoption status and parental divorce, while their non-adopted counterparts carry only the risk factor of their parents' divorce. The buffering effect hypothesis suggests that, being adopted children, their previous experiences of parental loss help them better deal with the later loss of their parents' divorce so their adoption status is a protective factor rather than a risk factor. Secondary analyses of a nation-wide data set were executed using different statistical methods such as ANOVA and Chi-square on different outcome variables. The results indicated that there was no evidence supporting the double-jeopardy hypothesis. That is, adopted children from divorced families did not perform significantly worse than the non-adopted children from divorced families on any outcome variable. The results also indicated that there was only weak evidence supporting the buffering effect hypothesis. The general conclusion based on the results from most of the outcome variables suggest that adopted children from divorced families do not perform differently than the biological children from divorced families.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Roe, Miranda, and manroe@aapt net au. "FAMILIES AT RISK ï¿½ A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND SERVICES." Flinders University. Politics and International Studies, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061025.100933.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines policy and service delivery issues in the development of health and support for families at risk. The research focuses on families with children less than 7 years of age living in some of the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods of metropolitan Adelaide. The thesis draws on evidence of (a) barriers to service support perceived by these families and (b) their strengths and resources in order to identify and develop arguments related to key issues of policy and service delivery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Choi, Wai-man, and 蔡惠敏. "Prevalence and risk factors of in-law conflict in Hong Kong Chinese families." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47027642.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Downing, Claudia. "Repropductive decision-making in families at risk for Huntington's disease : perceptions of responsibility." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270866.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Beas, Paul G. "Prevention services for Latino families at risk for child maltreatment| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10017845.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this project was to partner with a host agency, locate a potential funding source, and write a grant to fund Better Parents in Control or Mejores Padres en Control. This will target Latino families who are at-risk of child maltreatment and to obtain information on preventions from having a future case within Department of Children and Family Services. The services will be delivered at Olive Crest in Los Angeles. The literature review was developed to support Latino families and their parenting styles, prevention services, and how to break the cycle amongst child maltreatment. The purpose of Better Parents in Control or in Spanish Mejores Padres en Control is to educate Latino families on cultural awareness, child abuse laws, and parenting techniques and be able to reduce child welfare service encounters. The actual funding or submission of this grant was not necessary for the successful of this project.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Houston, Natasha. "Evaluation of a Family-Centered Parenting Program for Culturally Diverse High-Risk Families." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2008. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/21.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a family-centered parenting program for culturally diverse high-risk families using science-based curricula and evaluation tools. Despite the evidence supporting the effectiveness of parenting education, there are still limitations to the current body of knowledge. Research has been conducted primarily with middle-class European American mothers. Less is known about parenting education with culturally and economically diverse families. In addition, much of the additional research targeted well-functioning families. High-risk families are less likely to participate in parenting programs and research studies. Most programs do not use evidence-based curricula or conduct evaluations using valid reliable measures. Last, most programs work solely with the parent and do not have a family-centered approach. Including children suggests the entire family learns together and has a better opportunity to build family cohesion. This study utilized a science-based curricula parenting program for at-risk families. The sample population included 31% Caucasian, 2% Hispanic, 66% Native American, and 1% of other races combined. Quantitative data reflected that overall parenting scores increased in both target and control groups based on the scores from pretest to posttest with a t score of 0.459 for the target group and 0.346 for the control group. Overall, the program was successful, and the applied dissertation effectively met each of the 6 outcomes. Nonprofit organizations should review the findings of this applied dissertation to develop more programs that incorporate science-based curricula to address the parenting needs of those who are high risk.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Talbot, Patricia A. "Critical Beginnings: Creating School Community for All Children and Families." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30400.

Full text

Abstract:

Ernest Boyer's The Basic School: A Community for Learning (1995) aligns with other important research and programs that encourage parent involvement to maximize each child's educational potential. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand and to document the first steps undertaken by one school as it began to address Boyer's school as community priority by reaching out to an uninvolved parent population. Meaning was constructed from the perspective of the researcher who was an active participant in the process. Research questions included: 1) What happened when one school began to address the needs of its at-risk population by intentionally reaching out to involve the parents of these students in the life of the school? 2) How was this accomplished within the context of a school beginning to address the priorities of a "Basic School?" 3) What structures were created to facilitate the process and guide its progress? Teachers in the School as Community Family at Kizer Elementary School were the initial focus of this study. Additional groups with related purposes became part of the inquiry as the process unfolded. Transcripts, field notes, and related documents were collected from all relevant group meetings and outreach activities from June of 1997 through January of 1998. The process of data analysis yielded descriptive conceptual models and an interpretive narrative case study that follows a modified chronology of the communicative action steps undertaken by a group of educators readying themselves for outreach to an alienated parent population. This study produced practical implications for schools wishing to begin the steps toward increasing the level of family and community engagement with student learning. A case was made for self-reflective action to create opportunities for authentic conversation that can empower families to take greater initiative in the public education of their children. If schools can learn to build, support and sustain relationships with parents, particularly their at-risk populations, they might expect a greater level of success in educating their children.
Ed. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Campbell, Carroll C. "Adolescents’ Perception of Parental Deterrents of High-Risk Behavior and Prediction of Involvement in Risk Behaviors as Measured by the Risky Behavior Scale." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306342286.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Paschall, Katherine Wendy. "Risk and Resilience in Low-Income Families: Linking Contextual Risks, Parenting Styles, Child Emotion Regulation, Maltreatment, and Early Head Start." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612537.

Full text

Abstract:

Parenting is one of the most salient influences in children's development, particularly during early childhood. Substantial theoretical and empirical evidence has linked sociodemographic risk to compromised parenting, and has contributed to the development of two-generation programs to support low-income parents and their young children. Despite decades of research on these families, little is known about how styles of parenting change across time, how children's emotion regulation influences parenting styles, or how risks predict longitudinal stability and change to parenting. Furthermore, it is unclear how one two-generation program, Early Head Start, promotes positive parenting styles and buffers against contextual risks. The aim of the three papers in this dissertation study is to describe maternal parenting within a low-income sample, by linking longitudinal trajectories of parenting to contextual risks, Early Head Start, children's emotion regulation (ER), and risk for child maltreatment. Guided by the bioecological model, and components specific to the Ecological-Transactional Model of Child Maltreatment (Cicchetti et al., 2010), these three papers indicate specific risks that are most salient to exhibiting unsupportive parenting behaviors: family conflict, maternal depression, and attitudes and beliefs that indicate risk for child physical abuse. Furthermore, the papers highlight important methodological considerations for the study of parenting at risk, children's ER, as well as for clinicians assessing risk. The three papers, collectively, highlight the complex interplay of determinants of parenting, including sociodemographic characteristics, psychological factors, interpersonal relationships, child effects, family-level characteristics, and Early Head Start involvement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Hur, Eun Hye. "Risk Factors for Children’s Socio-emotional Development in Different Family Structures." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397482147.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Nguyen, Tracy. "Culturally sensitive prevention services for Vietnamese families at risk for child maltreatment| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1572445.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this project was to partner with a host agency, locate a potential funding source, and write a grant to fund for a program called Prevention of Maltreatment to address the needs of Vietnamese families that are at risk for maltreatment. The program will be implemented at the Child Abuse Prevention Center located in Orange County, California. A literature review was conducted to examine Vietnamese families' parenting skills, understanding of child welfare system, and the barriers they encountered for child-rearing. The purpose of this Prevention of Maltreatment program is to educate Vietnamese families on child abuse, parenting tools, cultural differences and etc. The actual submission or funding of this grant was not required for the successful completion of the project.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Rowe, Sarah Ellen. "Perceptions of UVM Extension Children, Youth and Families at Risk Professionals as a Learning Organization." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2007. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/202.

Full text

Abstract:

Children, Youth and Families at Risk (CYFAR) is a national program developed by Cooperative Extension’s federal partner, Cooperative State, Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES). In collaboration with its federal partner and in concert with state extension systems across the nation, UVM Extension conducted an organizational change survey in 1998, 2000, and 2004 with a selected sample of UVM Extension professionals to determine the organization’s capacity to address issues of CYFAR. Findings from these three surveys showed that Extension had not substantively altered its organizational practices in alignment with the goals of the national program. In order to stimulate new strategic planning for the program, this study set about to assess the capacity of staff from UVM Extension to promote organizational learning. Grounded in the literature of organizational learning, this study administered a 43 item survey instrument called the Dimension of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) to Extension employees. As a strategic planning tool, the survey identifies organizational learning opportunities at the individual, team, and organizational level. Following the Total Design Method, the web-based survey was launched September 2006, with a response rate of 68% (n=63). Findings from the new survey continue to indicate limited organizational capacity to meet national goals for CYFAR program. Interestingly, nearly 70% of survey respondents reported participation in programming for children, youth and families at risk, a percentage greater than those formally assigned to CYFAR activities. Regardless of formal assignment, however, CYFAR employees and non-CYFAR employees did not significantly differ in their survey responses across a variety of organizational measures. Prior training to develop organizational capacity in line with national goals appears to be falling short of expectations. Implications for these shortcomings are discussed and used to frame an action plan for development of this program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Grayton, L. "Minding the baby : the challenges of implementing a reflective functioning programme with high-risk families." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1448076/.

Full text

Abstract:

Part 1: Literature Review: This section consists of a meta-analytic review examining the efficacy of video-feedback interventions aimed at promoting parental sensitivity and infant attachment. Outcomes from 18 RCTs contributing 20 intervention effects were examined. Results indicated that video-feedback interventions are efficacious in promoting parental sensitivity, infant attachment security and preventing infant attachment disorganisation. These findings suggest that video-feedback interventions may offer exciting potential for clinical practice. Part 2: Empirical Paper: The empirical paper reports on a qualitative study examining the challenges of implementing ‘Minding the Baby’ (MTB), a preventative parenting programme developed explicitly to promote secure parent-child attachment relationships. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 practitioners delivering the programme. Transcripts were analysed thematically and themes were organised into two domains relating to the challenges of implementation and the components of MTB which practitioners identified as being crucial in engaging mothers in reflective work. Results highlight the importance of designing and delivering services which support mentalisation throughout. In addition, a strong therapeutic relationship was identified to be crucial in engaging mothers in reflective work and in responding to the challenges of implementing a mentalisation-based parenting intervention. The study was conducted in collaboration with another UCL Clinical Psychology doctoral student, whose thesis examines parents’ experiences of the therapeutic process in MTB (Burns, 2014).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Nygren, Peggy. "Exploring the Effects of Multi-Level Protective and Risk Factors on Child and Parenting Outcomes in Families Participating in Healthy Start/Healthy Families Oregon (HS/HFO)." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1513.

Full text

Abstract:

While many studies focus on the links between multiple risk factors and negative outcomes such as child maltreatment, less is known about the influence of protective factors in the face of risks. The theoretical base of this study was a social ecological model of interactive influences including individual parent, family, and neighborhood level factors to predict outcomes. Protective Factor Index (PFI) and Risk Factor Index (RFI) predictors were developed to explore potential multi-level protective factor buffering effects on key child development and parenting outcomes. Participants were first time mothers enrolled in a randomized controlled study of the Healthy Start/ Healthy Families Oregon (HS/HFO) home visitation program (treatment group) who completed a follow-up phone survey at the child’s 12 month birthday (n = 405). Families were offered HS/HFO services prenatally after meeting risk screening eligibility criteria on the New Baby Questionnaire (NBQ). Program mothers having received at least one home visit (n = 248) were included in the final analyses. Families had an average of 3.1 (SD = 1.2) NBQ risk factors at enrollment and 83% reported having trouble paying for basic needs. Families received an average of 16 home visits in the first 6 months of the program. Thirty-one percent of mothers were aged 19 or younger, 60% were White and Non-Hispanic, 31% were Hispanic, and 9% were another race/ethnicity. Hierarchical regression models with main effects (RFI, PFI, race) and an interaction term (RFI X PFI) were developed to predict eight outcomes. Interaction effects models were not significant. Five RFI main effects were significant: higher RFI scores were associated with greater likelihood of child welfare involvement, greater parenting stress, less favorable scores on child health and well-being, lower parent responsiveness and ii acceptance, and less supportive learning environments. One PFI main effect was significant: higher PFI scores predicted lower parenting stress. A trend level result showed higher PFI scores were associated with less child welfare involvement. Race was significant in two models: White/Non-Hispanic families were more likely to have a home visitor report child welfare involvement and had more frequent parent-child activities compared to other race/ethnicity families. Unpacking the results with separate single risk factor (12 items) and protective factor (10 items) regression models followed. Results showed parent’s prior family history of maltreatment and younger maternal age predicted child welfare involvement (home visitor report), while protection was seen for those with access to housing support. Social support and family functioning protectors were linked to lower parenting stress, while maternal depression showed the opposite finding. Better scores on a child health and well-being measure were seen with higher neighborhood cohesion and greater participation in HS/HFO; in contrast, neighborhood violence and frequent mobility were linked to worse scores. Developmentally supportive home environments were seen for families participating in additional parent support programs, in which the mother had greater knowledge of infant milestones and behavior, and if the family had access to housing supports. Unemployment proved to be associated with less enriched home environments. In summary, there was no support for the cumulative PFI in buffering risk for negative outcomes in this model. The RFI was also a more robust predictor of outcomes compared to the PFI in the main effects models. Overall, study findings provide some evidence for the utility of specific protective factors, as well as cumulative and specific single risk factors, for screening families for effectively targeting services and guiding the conceptual development of program and evaluation formats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hope, Jacqueline. "Identifying risk and protective factors in multi–problem poor families living in Cape Town / Hope J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7361.

Full text

Abstract:

From the researcher’s personal work experience it was found that there appeared to be a cycle of poverty and welfare dependency in multi–problem poor families. This research was undertaken as a means to lay foundational work in identifying risk and protective factors in multi–problem poor families living in Cape Town. A qualitative research approach was utilised and interviews were conducted with participants that met the selection criteria. The objectives of the research were to gather data in the form of deep, descriptive narrative accounts of multi–problem families’ chronosystems and current life issues, with a focus on the life challenges and difficulties that put the family at risk. The data was collected by means of interviews utilising a semi–structured interview schedule as well as tools such as genograms, ecomaps, and life lines (see Addendum 4). Analysed data indicated themes of intergenerational risk factors that included substance abuse, domestic violence, teenage pregnancy and early school dropout. It was also found that within the current generation, absent parents was a major risk factor for children. Protective factors and variables that promoted resilience in families were also explored. It was found that religious beliefs, community support systems and personal resources were the major protective factors in these families. The research findings led to the identification of a number of early–intervention projects and programmes that could be implemented to address the identified risk factors in multi–problem poor families. These interventions include school literacy and support programmes, improved sex education in schools and community support forums.
Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Nausėdaitė, Donata. "Socioedukacinį paslaugų teikimo galimybės socialinės rizikos šeimoms seniūnijoje." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120803_122016-66503.

Full text

Abstract:

Bakalauro darbe analizuojamos socioedukacinių paslaugų teikimo galimybės socialinės rizikos šeimoms seniūnijose. Tyrime dalyvavo patogiosios imties būdu atrinkti 18-56 metų seniūnijų gyventojai. Anketinės apklausos metodu tirta, kokios sociokultūrinės paslaugos yra teikiamos seniūnijose bei kokios yra socialinės rizikos šeimų problemos ir kokią socioedukacinę pagalbą joms yra svarbu teikti.
In bachelor work was studied socioeducational services to families of social risk in the neighborhood. In this investigation participated 102 people from neighborhoods. Their age is from 18 to 56. They have to fill a form with sixteen questions. Some of questions were about sociocultural services in the neighborhood. Also, about problems of social risk families and socioeducational help for them.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Spear, Randl J. "Strengths of families of at-risk youth : a Delphi study through family assessment and planning teams /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151523/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Jones, Laura M. "The family check-up for families of high-risk preschoolers : the moderating effect of children's temperament /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102170.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-101). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Peach-Storey, Grace Ann. "The Impact of Parent Training in Instable Families." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586360837997896.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kincaid, Carlye Yates Jones Deborah J. "Maternal psychological control and youth HIV/AIDS risk behavior a study of African American single mother families /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2893.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 23, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology Clinical Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Steinbach, Margaret. "Genetic Variations in Three Interacting Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and the Risk of Preterm Birth in Black Families." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/316.

Full text

Abstract:

Preterm birth, defined as birth prior to 37 completed weeks gestation, is a serious health concern. Despite advances in health care screening and interventions, the rate of preterm birth in the United States has risen more than 30 percent since 1981. In 2006, Menon and associates reported the first multilocus genetic interaction in three single nucleotide polymorphisms predictive of spontaneous preterm birth in a population of White mothers. A gene association study using a case-control design was conducted to determine whether the results of the Menon study were also true for Black women and their infants. The case group included 22 preterm mothers and 22 preterm infants. The control group included 106 term mothers and 108 term infants. Study variables included high-risk and low-risk genetic combinations of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms. Birth certificate applications were reviewed to determine subject eligibility. Blood samples obtained by hospital personnel were sent to a laboratory for genotyping. It was predicted that there would be no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of the high-risk genetic patterns in the preterm Black mothers or their infants. Data analysis suggested that the multilocus genetic combinations reported by Menon were not predictors for preterm birth in Black mothers or their infants. Further study is recommended to identify genetic variations predictive of preterm birth across ethnic groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Wood, Nicholas James. "Exploring strategies for reducing the risk of endometrial cancer in women from hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434182.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Henry, Kate. "The general working models of individuals from divorced and conflict-ridden families, risk factors in intimate bonds?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/NQ44765.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

O'Leary, Catherine Carlisle. "The early childhood family check-up : a brief intervention for at-risk families with preschool-aged children /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3018385.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-117). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3018385.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Pacauskienė, Marytė. "Vaikų, augančių socialinės rizikos šeimose, socialinė raida ir ugdymosi ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060630_124054-91145.

Full text

Abstract:

Hard economical situations, unemployment and inadequate governmental social policies provide fertile conditions for alcoholism, violence, drug use and child neglect in families. The minor aged children are the most vulnerable. The number of the socially disadvantaged families and the number of children in these families is constantly rising. The purpose of this thesis is to elucidate the characteristics of the children in socially disadvantaged families. To this end a questionnaire was prepared and responses from 191 persons solicited. 120 of the persons were school aged children, grades 5-9, coming from socially disadvantaged families. The balance of the respondents was their teachers and 50 family members. The anonymous survey��s intent was to evaluate how well the children feel in the family and the school, to evaluate the relationship between these children and their parents, to learn how the children feel about their educational activities and finally also to evaluate what the parents and teachers predict will be the children’s responses in these categories. The survey revealed that children see poverty and alcoholism as the two most important problems in the family. The teachers concurred that poverty and alcoholism were the most important problems. Additionally the children identified that parents not living together is a problem. Children from socially disadvantaged families have weak motivation for education or show an interest in just one kind... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Mason, Craig Alan. "The effects of neighborhood problem behavior, father absence, and peer antisocial behavior upon adolescent problem behavior : a risk and protective factors model /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9193.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ledesma, Andreana D. "Risk factors associated with child abuse and mitigating services : a conceptual framework /." View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/264/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Morr, Lindsey. "Cascade testing communication within Lynch syndrome families: An examination of communication privacy management theory." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1525765585195444.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Hatzis, Denise Margaret. "Quality of Caregiving in High-Risk Mothers: An Investigation of Potential Mechanisms Influencing Child Outcomes." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/369415.

Full text

Abstract:

The quality of caregiving in early infancy and childhood is one of the most important predictors of child outcome. The caregiving relationship is often compromised when mothers are unable to attend to their infants’ needs due to their own experiences of childhood trauma, maternal stress, mental health difficulties, and other environmental adversities. One particular group who experience many, if not all of these adversities, are mothers with substance misuse problems. The outcomes for their children are consistently poor. These difficulties emerge in early years, when infants and young children live in chaotic environments, and at times, with mothers who are unable to provide sensitive and responsive caregiving. Given the extensive literature documenting the link between early caregiving and child developmental outcome, it is not surprising that there has been a significant research effort investigating the quality of caregiving in substance abusing mothers. This thesis began with a focus on substance misusing mothers as a high-risk group. Research studies examining the quality of caregiving in mothers with substance use problems have had inconsistent findings. There are many studies that find poor quality caregiving in mothers with substance misuse compared to non-substance misusing mothers, while other studies find relatively little difference between groups. However, there is considerable variability across studies. Quality of study design is highly variable with a number of studies drawing comparison groups from community populations that differ from the substance misusing group on a range of demographic factors. The ages of the children range from birth to toddlerhood and a number of studies use mothers in treatment as their reference group. In the light of the diverse findings in the extant literature, the aim of Study 1 was to assess the extent to which mothers with substance misuse have compromised caregiving. To this end a systematic review and meta-analysis of research studies spannng two decades (1995 - 2015; final update prior to publication) was undertaken. The initial search was undertaken from Scopus, MEDLINE, Science Direct, PsycINFO, SpringerLink and Google Scholar and identified 2028 potential studies. Twenty four studies met the following inclusion criteria: mothers with children aged birth to 40 months; mothers currently using illicit substance misusers and/or were on opioid replacement therapy due to a history of opioid dependence and/or were in residential treatment due to a history of illicit substance use; a comparison group of non-substance using mothers; and maternal-child interactions were assessed using an observational method that was videotaped and coded to rate maternal caregiving quality The key outcomes were measures of two constructs (i) maternal sensitivity and (ii) child responsivity. A global meta-analysis for maternal sensitivity (n = 24 studies) and child responsiveness (n = 16 studies) on 3433 mother-infant dyads yielded significant population effect sizes and significant heterogeneity. Using subgroup analyses, heterogeneity was significantly reduced when studies were grouped by design (i.e., participants matched versus not matched on key demographic characteristics). Substance misusing mothers were still significantly poorer on scores of maternal sensitivity compared with their matched counterparts, but the effect size was significantly smaller. These results highlighted that compromised caregiving is found in high-risk mothers, and a common factor impacting maternal caregiving was shared environmental adversity. Thus, Study 2 set out to compare the quality of caregiving in three groups: substance misusing mothers, mothers matched in socioeconomic characteristics and mothers drawn from a community sample. There is extensive evidence linking maternal substance misuse with compromised caregiving of young infants. However, there is also widely documented evidence that other psychosocial risk factors, childhood trauma, maternal psychopathology and environment characterised by financial and social disadvantage are also predictive of poor caregiving. As mothers with substance misuse problems share many of these risk factors, it is possible that compromised caregiving, including the quality of the parent-child relationship, is attributable to these co-occurring factors. Hence, the second aim was to investigate a potential pathway in which factors associated with compromised caregiving could be tested; specifically, if there was a pathway from childhood trauma to caregiving quality that was mediated by environmental risk factors and borderline personality features. A total sample of 51 Australian mothers and their children (12-42 months) participated in this study: 17 mothers currently in treatment for opioid and/or ploy-substance dependence; 17 mothers matched on years of education, source of income, maternal age and child age reporting no current substance misuse; and 17 mothers reporting no substance misuse history matched on maternal age and child age only. Assessment duration was 90-120 minutes and consisted of completion of measures and videotaping of a 20 minutes mother-child interaction. Results showed that (i) there was no significant difference between the two high-risk groups of mothers but (ii) there were significant differences on all key variables between the two high risk mothers and the community sample; and (iii) irrespective of substance misuse, the relationship between exposure to childhood trauma and quality of caregiving was mediated via environmental risk but not severity of borderline personality features. Study 3 extended these findings by further investigating the association between maternal childhood trauma, borderline personality features, environmental risk, quality of caregiving and child developmental outcome in a sample of mother-infant dyads, oversampling for at-risk mothers (N= 125). Method of collecting data was the same as for Study 2. The model tested was a serial mediation model, in which the association between maternal childhood trauma and child developmental outcome was proposed to be influenced by the extent to which mothers experience personality pathology and ongoing exposure of environmental risk, in turn impacts on her capacity to provide optimal caregiving to her child. In this model, two out of seven potential pathways tested in the serial PROCESS mediation analysis were significant. The pathway between childhood adversity and child developmental outcomes via borderline personality, environmental risk and caregiving quality was supported, along with the pathway from childhood adversity to child development outcomes via borderline personality and environmental risk. Overall, the current thesis advances the substance misuse, childhood adversity, trauma and attachment literature in several important ways. Firstly, the thesis presented a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the available studies examining caregiving quality in mothers using illicit substances (Study 1). This review highlighted the potential for future research to investigate the potential mechanisms that underpin the development of poor caregiving in a population of mothers sampled for high risk including substance misuse, conducted via Study 2. Study 3 extended on findings from Study 2, investigating the potential underlying mechanisms or causal pathways that may be implicated in the development of compromised caregiving and child outcomes. In summary, the thesis findings highlight the importance of identifying and understanding the mechanisms that impact quality caregiving and child outcomes in high-risk families. This in turn, informs how interventions can be designed (e.g., trauma focused care) and underscores the importance of early intervention to counteract the impact of environmental adversity and maternal childhood trauma on quality of caregiving. These findings have important implications for future research, policy design, intervention planning, and clinical practices.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
Griffith Health
Full Text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Mortensen, Jennifer A. "The protective role of the caregiving relationship in child care for infants and toddlers from high risk families." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3703699.

Full text

Abstract:

Infancy and toddlerhood is an important time for the development of emotion regulation, with interactions between parents and children critical to these processes. Negative parenting behaviors can have a deleterious impact on this development; however, for infants and toddlers in child care, the classroom environment, including teacher-child interactions, provides an important setting for emotional development and may serve as a protective factor when parenting risk at home is high. The aim of the three papers presented in this dissertation was to explore the potential for child care to act as a protective factor for infants and toddlers experiencing different dimensions of parenting risk that threaten emotion regulation development: minimal sensitivity and support, harsh and intrusive behaviors, and physical abuse and neglect. Results confirmed the negative impact of unsupportive, harsh, and intrusive parenting behaviors on emotion regulation, but child care was either insignificant in mitigating these effects or operated as a buffer for certain children only. Additionally, a review of the extant literature suggested that understanding the optimal caregiving experiences in child care that meet the unique regulatory needs of maltreated infants and toddlers is limited. Collectively, implications of these findings include the need to ensure measurement validity when assessing children’s experiences within child care, the importance of considering the interactive nature of child, parent, and child care factors, and the pressing need for more research regarding child care teachers’ roles in facilitating emotional experiences in the classroom that meet the unique regulatory needs infants and toddlers facing risk at home.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Jennings, Catriona Sian. "Concordance for cardiovascular risk changes within families of patients with coronary disease participating in a preventive cardiology programme." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12920.

Full text

Abstract:

Aims: To investigate concordance for lifestyle – smoking, diet and physical activity - between married couples when one has developed coronary disease, and concordance for lifestyle change over one year in a nurse-led, multidisciplinary, family centred, prevention programme across six countries. Methods: In the EUROACTION trial consecutive coronary patients were recruited from hospitals, with their partners, to this programme. Concordance for smoking, diet and physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors, was investigated at the initial assessment, at 16 weeks and one year. Findings: 645 couples attended the initial assessment and 65% of couples returned at one year. At the time of the coronary event, there were nearly two times as many couples, than expected by chance, currently smoking. Couples were also concordant at baseline for saturated fat (r=0.41) fruit and vegetables (r=0.67) and for physical activity (r=0.25). With the exception of total cholesterol, cardiovascular risk factors in couples were all significantly correlated: body mass index (BMI) r=0.22; waist circumference (WC) r=0.12; systolic blood pressure (SBP) r=0.20; total cholesterol (TC) r=0.07; LDL-C r=0.13; HDL-C r=0.27 and fasting blood glucose (FBG) r=0.20 reflecting concordance for lifestyle. The smoking quit rate at one year was significantly higher at 74% in patients with a partner who was a non-smoker compared to 50% in patients with a partner who smoked (p=0.03). There was significant concordance for change at one year between patients and partners for: saturated fat r=0.43; fruit and vegetables r=0.61; physical activity r=0.40; BMI r=0.21; WC r=0.22; SBP r=0.13; TC r=0.21 and HDL-C r=0.34. Patients making the healthiest lifestyle changes were associated with partners making similarly healthy changes. Interpretation: Couples had an unhealthy concordant lifestyle at baseline but became healthier during the course of the preventive cardiology programme, with concordance for change between couples at both 16 weeks and one year. As couples are concordant for lifestyle, with observational evidence of concordance for change, we should focus on couples rather than patients alone.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Mortensen, Jennifer Ann. "The Protective Role of the Caregiving Relationship in Child Care for Infants and Toddlers from High Risk Families." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556822.

Full text

Abstract:

Infancy and toddlerhood is an important time for the development of emotion regulation, with interactions between parents and children critical to these processes. Negative parenting behaviors can have a deleterious impact on this development; however, for infants and toddlers in child care, the classroom environment, including teacher-child interactions, provides an important setting for emotional development and may serve as a protective factor when parenting risk at home is high. The aim of the three papers presented in this dissertation was to explore the potential for child care to act as a protective factor for infants and toddlers experiencing different dimensions of parenting risk that threaten emotion regulation development: minimal sensitivity and support, harsh and intrusive behaviors, and physical abuse and neglect. Results confirmed the negative impact of unsupportive, harsh, and intrusive parenting behaviors on emotion regulation, but child care was either insignificant in mitigating these effects or operated as a buffer for certain children only. Additionally, a review of the extant literature suggested that understanding the optimal caregiving experiences in child care that meet the unique regulatory needs of maltreated infants and toddlers is limited. Collectively, implications of these findings include the need to ensure measurement validity when assessing children’s experiences within child care, the importance of considering the interactive nature of child, parent, and child care factors, and the pressing need for more research regarding child care teachers' roles in facilitating emotional experiences in the classroom that meet the unique regulatory needs infants and toddlers facing risk at home.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wu, Qiong. "Maternal Emotion Socialization and Child Emotion Regulation in At-Risk Populations." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529917564843383.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Friedemann, Claire. "Cardiovascular disease risk factors, weight, and the strategies to tackle future risk in school aged children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7612fe59-58c3-4d62-be55-c14c1dd7490e.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can have its beginnings in childhood, especially if the child is overweight. Without intervention, increased risk factors in childhood track in adulthood, putting the individual at increased risk for early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As a result, childhood health outcomes are an increasingly popular area for health research. However, little progress has been made on the most effective way to enable children to lead healthy lives. Methods: This thesis incorporated five studies. Firstly, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 63 papers involving nearly 50,000 school children examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) categories and CVD risk factors. Secondly, a focus group study with 46 students to discuss their knowledge and attitudes towards health, health behaviours and health education. Thirdly, a focus group study with six mothers to discuss screening weight in childhood, and their perceptions of childhood health and health education. Fourthly, a component analysis to establish the characteristics of nine successful educational interventions on children’s health. Finally, a pilot intervention and feasibility study involving 314 students. Results: Overweight and obese BMI categories were associated with substantial increases in CVD risk factors measured and that the association with obesity was greater than that with being overweight. The focus group studies found that the depth of knowledge and the perceived depth of knowledge that participants had about CVD risk factors affected their attitudes and behaviours, although not in the same way. The pilot intervention was deemed feasible. A significant change was brought about in the students’ knowledge of cardiovascular disease and raised their self-efficacy towards ensuring the health of their hearts. Conclusion: The effect of obesity on cardiovascular risk factors is greater than that of being overweight. Additionally, studies in this area are hindered by inconsistent measurements and definitions of the BMI categories. Secondly, both parents and children need to be equipped with deep knowledge and understanding to facilitate attitude and behaviour change towards healthy living. Finally, the pilot intervention should be trialled in a randomised, controlled trial.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Larmar, Stephen Anthony, and n/a. "The Development and Evaluation of an Early Intervention and Prevention Program for Children and Families At-Risk of Conduct Problems." Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051111.154414.

Full text

Abstract:

The prevalence of conduct problems in children impacts upon families, educational settings, and broader society within Australia. Conduct problems develop early in an individual's life and can lead to more serious problems including substance abuse and delinquency in adolescence and adulthood. Given the high incidence of conduct problems in children, the need for prevention and early intervention strategies to target the onset and development of this phenomenon is paramount. This thesis focuses on early intervention strategies for reducing the incidence of conduct problems in children and explores a multi-modal early intervention and prevention program targeting children and families at-risk of the development of conduct problems. A randomised controlled trial involving 455 children was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this program. Participants were drawn from ten Education Queensland primary schools in the Mount Gravatt district of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The 455 children were randomly assigned to either experimental or control conditions for the purposes of the program's evaluation. From this initial cohort, an indicated sample of 1 52 participants was identified through a universal screening process. This sample included children who were considered more at-risk of conduct problems. Participants designated to experimental conditions engaged in the school component of the program, with 66 of the experimental group receiving an additional indicated component facilitated in the school setting. Further, a selection of parents of children in the experimental group participated in the home component of the intervention. The retention rate for families engaged in the study was high with 96% of participants remaining engaged in the study throughout the evaluation process. The findings that emerged from the study revealed significant differences between participants who engaged in the intervention program compared with those designated to control conditions. Positive changes in the behaviour of students reported at the school level were statistically significant. However, while some changes were identified in the home setting, the treatment effects of the program were not significant. These findings were sustained at the six-month follow up period. Conclusions drawn from this study were conceptualised within the framework of current advances in the social science literature that focus on conduct problems and early intervention and prevention. The outcomes of the research emphasise the significance of comprehensive interventions programs for children and families at-risk that focus on both school and home settings and that are easily implemented in, and cost-effective to, community populations. Recommendations from this research serve to inform ftiture research agendas in early intervention and prevention and specialists in the fields of psychology and education.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Larmar, Stephen Anthony. "The Development and Evaluation of an Early Intervention and Prevention Program for Children and Families At-Risk of Conduct Problems." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367381.

Full text

Abstract:

The prevalence of conduct problems in children impacts upon families, educational settings, and broader society within Australia. Conduct problems develop early in an individual's life and can lead to more serious problems including substance abuse and delinquency in adolescence and adulthood. Given the high incidence of conduct problems in children, the need for prevention and early intervention strategies to target the onset and development of this phenomenon is paramount. This thesis focuses on early intervention strategies for reducing the incidence of conduct problems in children and explores a multi-modal early intervention and prevention program targeting children and families at-risk of the development of conduct problems. A randomised controlled trial involving 455 children was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this program. Participants were drawn from ten Education Queensland primary schools in the Mount Gravatt district of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The 455 children were randomly assigned to either experimental or control conditions for the purposes of the program's evaluation. From this initial cohort, an indicated sample of 1 52 participants was identified through a universal screening process. This sample included children who were considered more at-risk of conduct problems. Participants designated to experimental conditions engaged in the school component of the program, with 66 of the experimental group receiving an additional indicated component facilitated in the school setting. Further, a selection of parents of children in the experimental group participated in the home component of the intervention. The retention rate for families engaged in the study was high with 96% of participants remaining engaged in the study throughout the evaluation process. The findings that emerged from the study revealed significant differences between participants who engaged in the intervention program compared with those designated to control conditions. Positive changes in the behaviour of students reported at the school level were statistically significant. However, while some changes were identified in the home setting, the treatment effects of the program were not significant. These findings were sustained at the six-month follow up period. Conclusions drawn from this study were conceptualised within the framework of current advances in the social science literature that focus on conduct problems and early intervention and prevention. The outcomes of the research emphasise the significance of comprehensive interventions programs for children and families at-risk that focus on both school and home settings and that are easily implemented in, and cost-effective to, community populations. Recommendations from this research serve to inform ftiture research agendas in early intervention and prevention and specialists in the fields of psychology and education.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Full Text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Blair, Richard Anthony. "An assessment of agricultural risk and diversification on farming families' living standard under fuzzy conditions a case from Guyana." Weikersheim Margraf, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98550546X/04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Jackson, L. A. "Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of normal, pre-malignant and malignant breast tissue from patients in high-risk families." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604988.

Full text

Abstract:

The data presented in this thesis demonstrates that 60.0% of the morphologically normal samples from women at high risk for breast cancer showed genomic copy number aberrations by CGH. There was an average of 1.45 aberrations per sample analysed. These aberrations seemed to be spread throughout the genome, however, there were some regions of interest. These were gains on 1p, 9p, 16p 16q and 19. The presence of these aberrations suggests that morphologically normal epithelial cells analysed from these cases have a degree of genomic instability. The CGH results for HUT presented a complicated profile of copy number loss and gain spread throughout the genome. Of the 23 lesions successfully analysed by CGH, 96.7% had genomic aberrations, an average of 4.35 aberrations per sample analysed. The most common sites of aberration were loss at 1p, 9q, 17p, 17q, 19 and 22q and again at 1q, 2q, 6q, 9p, 13q, 18p and X. The immunohistochemical staining of the HUT provided an insight into whether the lesion was derived from a single clone or was a proliferation of a number of cells. However the overall staining patterns were highly variable between and within cases and no common observations were identified. Although the numbers in this study are small and there is a lack of BRCA1 and BRACA2 mutation status information in all samples, there does seem to be a trend towards the BRCA mutation positive samples being more likely to have genomic aberrations and for these samples to have an increased number of aberrations over samples with unknown mutation status. The wide variety copy number losses and gains in these samples suggest that premalignant lesions can, and do, acquire an array of aberrations and still present as a similar morphological lesions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Pease, Anna Susan. "Factors influencing infant care practices in the sleep environment among families at high risk of sudden infant death syndrome." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702488.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. Advice for reducing the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) by modifying the infant sleep environment has led to significant reductions in the number of babies who die. The highest burden of SIDS now lies with the most deprived families in society, where rates remain higher than in the general population. This thesis employed a mixed methods approach to examine knowledge and attitudes to SIDS risk reduction advice and explore the factors that influence decision making for the infant sleep environment among families most at risk. Methods. The four parts to this programme of work included: 1) A systematic review of the literature to reveal how mothers' knowledge of SIDS risk reduction has been measured and provide a suitable tool for use in a quantitative survey. 2) An analysis of longitudinal postal questionnaires from birth to late infancy to assess whether a high risk scoring system for SIDS based on routine demographics identifies risky infant care practices. 3) A quantitative survey of mothers recruited from health visitor-led clinics in deprived areas of Bristol, UK to measure mothers' knowledge and attitudes to SIDS advice. 4) A qualitative survey using home interviews with mothers of infants at higher risk of SIDS to determine decision making processes for the infant sleep environment. Results. The systematic review screened over 3000 papers and uncovered a useful tool for measuring knowledge of SIDS risks. The analysis of 591 postal questionnaires found that a scoring system of demographic characteristics can pick up on differences in infant care for a higher risk group, especially sleeping position and breastfeeding. The face-to-face survey with 400 mothers found poorer knowledge of SIDS risks in a higher risk group using the same scoring system and home interviews with 20 mothers most at risk gave insights into the complex challenges of night time infant care for this group. The interviews suggested that mothers are influenced by family and friends, their own self-efficacy, beliefs they hold about infant safety and care and their perceived barriers to following the recommended advice. Conclusions. This work confirms that families at higher risk for SIDS have poorer knowledge of the risk factors and are more likely to engage in sleep practices that may put their infants at further risk of SIDS. It also confirms that decision-making for infant care is interconnected with social contexts and psychological constructs that can help or hinder when it comes to safe sleep. Where good reasons for following advice were lacking, mothers would fill in the blanks with their own interpretations that risk supporting unsafe sleep decisions. Interventions that target groups of parents where the risks of SIDS are higher, need to consider social influences, beliefs and understanding behind the safer sleep messages if they are to be effective and engage this group in change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Families at risk'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles