Academic literature on the topic 'Falu red paint'

The effect of various mulch colors (black, yellow, red, blue, white, and aluminum) on growth and development of `Vates' collards was evaluated in Fall 1996 at the E.V. Smith Research Center in Shorter, Ala. Black polyethylene mulch was installed onto raised, fumigated beds, then sprayed with a 1: 2 (v/v) mixture of exterior oil-based enamel paint to paint thinner with one of the five mulch colors listed. Five-week-old plants were transplanted into beds. Beginning two weeks after transplanting and continuing every other week thereafter, heads were harvested to determine head fresh weight and dry weight. Hourly soil temperatures at 10 cm soil depth were recorded and growing degree days (GDDs) with a base temperature of 4.4 °C were calculated. At two weeks after transplanting, average head fresh and dry weight were highest for the aluminum-colored treatment with head fresh (24.7 and 12.3 g, respectively) and dry weights (2.7 and 1.3 g, respectively) twice that of the yellow treatment (P ≤ 0.05). By four weeks after transplanting and up through the final harvest, marketable yield and average head fresh weights did not differ among the treatments (17,900 kg/ha, 1.4 kg per head, respectively). The red and black mulch treatments accumulated more GDDs than the other treatments, but total marketable yields did not differ among any treatments.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Mature circulating red blood cells, though devoid of a nucleus, have been shown to contain an abundance of miRNAs. Further, it has been shown that sickle cell patient-derived RBCs have a dramatic difference in miRNA content than normal RBCs. Given that a range of miRNAs are involved in the regulation of immunity, including the release of inflammatory mediators, we hypothesize that miRNAs enriched in circulating red blood cells function to prolong the inflammatory state in sickle cell disease. Further, we hypothesize that these miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for use in the clinic to predict crisis and differentiate acute versus chronic pain. Exploring this miRNA enrichment in circulating red blood cells in sickle cell patients will provide practical insight for the inflammation state and will inform characteristics of patients who may need greater care in the clinic. METHODS: Twenty steady state patients were recruited and categorized according to their chronic pain status and crisis frequency per year. Whole blood was drawn during routine visits to the OSU Wexner Medical Center Hematology Clinic. Additionally, whole blood was drawn from five patients either in acute pain crisis (recruited prior to crisis) or within a few days of crisis. Samples were subject to double gradient centrifugation and red cells were resuspended in Trizol and cryopreserved. MiRNAs were isolated from red cell Trizol suspensions using a commercial isolation kit (QIAGEN Cat#217004). Isolated miRNAs were then subject to a NanoString Human miR (v3) expression assay. Differential expression analysis was conducted to compare miRNAs with at least 1.5 fold difference (p = 0.05) between steady state and acute crisis. Target prediction and GO ontology analysis was performed for statistically significant miRNAs using DIANA Tools mirPath v3. Follow-up qPCRs were performed using TaqMan Advanced miRNA cDNA Synthesis Kit (Cat#A28007) and TaqMan Advanced miRNA Assays (Cat#A25576) to validate the decreased expression of miRNAs. Additional qPCRs were performed using TaqMan Gene Expression Assays (Cat#4331182) to investigate mRNA regulatory effects of significant miRNAs in the total red cell population. Western blots were also performed to investigate regulatory effects of these miRNAs at the protein level. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Comparison of RBC miRNA profiles from patients during acute crisis to those in steady state shows several significantly decreased (>1.5 fold) miRNAs in crisis. Among these miRs we have found previously uncharacterized miRNAs, hsa-miR-2116-5p and hsa-miR-302d-3p. DIANA tools miRNA analysis software predicts these miRNAs to be involved in regulation of cell-to-cell adhesion pathways through gene transcripts such as Protocadherin Beta 6 (PCDHB6) and Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2). Interestingly, inspection of miRNA predicted targets that fall under significant GO terms also predicts several individual miRNAs to regulate inflammatory response and nociceptive signaling gene transcripts like A20 (TNFAIP3) and Cathepsin S (CTSS). Validation of these miRNAs was performed via qPCR for 5 out of the 6 significantly decreased miRNAs. Of the 5 miRNAs tested, hsa-miR-2116-5p, hsa-miR-302d-3p, and hsa-miR-1246 were validated as having decreased expression in acute crisis patients compared to steady state. qPCRs were then performed to probe for miRNA based regulation of top predicted target mRNA transcripts. Both CTSS and TNFAIP3 showed increased expression of mRNA transcripts in acute crisis patient red cells as compared to steady state. Next, western blot analysis was performed on red cell protein lysate. Interestingly, this analysis revealed a pattern in activated CTSS expression that was independent of acute crisis. Steady state patients reporting chronic pain showed increased activated CTSS compared to those without chronic pain. Activated CTSS was not found in red cell lysates from three normal, non-SCD donors. Taken together, these results suggest that red blood cells may play a larger role in inflammation and pain responses in sickle cell disease than previously thought. Further these results suggest activated CTSS as a potential biomarker for differentiating chronic pain in patients. Follow-up studies are underway to further stratify and investigate these findings. Disclosures Desai: University of Pittsburgh: Research Funding; Ironwood: Other: Adjudication Committee; NIH: Research Funding; FDA: Research Funding; Selexy/Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding.

Abstract Red Blood Cell Adhesion in Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease, at Baseline and with Pain, Measured on SCD Biochip Microfluidic Assay Alexandra Boye-Doe1, Erina Quinn1, Charlotte Yuan1, Umut A. Gurkan, PhD1, and Jane A. Little, MD2 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; 2Division of Hematology/Oncology, Case Western Reserve University/ University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH Background: Despite being monogenic, sickle cell disease (SCD) has a variable phenotype, in which clinical complications and manifestations evolve as patients age. In children, pain generally resolves between crises, whereas adults may experience acute, chronic, or acute-on-chronic pain. We have taken a multifaceted approach to characterize adhesion and inflammation during self-identified pain episodes in adults with SCD in order to better understand pain syndromes in adults and the potential for more specifically targeted therapies. In this pilot study, we assessed changes in red blood cell (RBC) adhesion to the subendothelial protein laminin (LN) during crisis in adults with SCD self-reporting for pain crisis on whom we had baseline adhesion data from a routine clinic visit. Methods: Surplus blood from patients' routine bloodwork was used. Crisis samples were collected from patients at the Acute Care Clinic or Emergency Department at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC) when patients presented for management of pain. Baseline samples were collected during routine visits to the Sickle Cell Clinic. This study was approved by the IRB at UHCMC. Within a 24-hour period, RBC adhesion to LN was quantitated by microscopy after passage of unprocessed whole blood through a LN-coated microfluidic adhesion assay, the SCD biochip [1]. Samples were analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb) phenotype by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the clinical lab. Correlative clinical data, including, baseline lab values, and medical history, were obtained from the patients' medical records and used to characterize our results. Data from people with multiple samples were used as median values. Results: Blood samples from 19 unselected patients with sickle cell hemoglobin SS (HbSS) were obtained at crisis, and compared with baseline samples obtained from 2014 to 2018 (n = 67 samples). 2 groups were identified: Group 1 with increased adhesion (>25% rise from baseline, n= 10) during crisis, and Group 2 with decreased adhesion (>25% fall from baseline, n=8) or no change (<25% change) (n=1) during crisis (Fig. 1). Time between a patient's initial crisis event and when they presented for pain management varied, possibly affecting observed adhesion. Nonetheless, patients showing an increased adhesion in crisis also showed a decrease in Hb (p = 0.039) between their baseline analyses and the crisis visit. A decrease in Hb may associate with increased adhesion, if the latter contributes to crisis-related hemolysis. However, other markers of hemolysis did not change. By contrast, patients with decreasing RBC adhesion showed a decrease in absolute reticulocyte count (ARC, p = 0.019) at their crisis visit. Statistical analysis of HbS, HbA, and HbF levels n = 64 showed no significant change between baseline or crises. Discussion: A decrease in adhesion during crisis may reflect the presence of sickled RBCs that adhere preferentially to other basement membrane proteins such as fibronectin or thrombospondin. In addition, inflammatory white blood cell adhesion, possibly central to vaso-occlusion, is not evaluated in this study. We are currently examining cytokine and monocyte profiles from people with SCD presenting for management of pain, so that we may better understand inflammatory mediators of pain. Our data are the first to try to understand RBC adhesion in people with SCD who present for management of pain, whether this as an isolated or common event for that person. We found that unselected adults with SCD who presented for management of pain had heterogeneous changes in RBC adhesion, which may reflect differences in underlying mechanism. The pathophysiologic heterogeneity of pain in adults with SCD will be important to understand as anti-adhesion therapies are being developed and adopted clinically. Disclosures Little: Doris Duke Charitable Foundations: Research Funding; NHLBI: Research Funding; Hemex: Patents & Royalties: Patent, no honoraria; PCORI: Research Funding.

Abstract Nursing Home (NH) nurses care for over 1.6 million older residents each year. Among this vulnerable population, an estimated 50 percent of older residents fall each year. Although licensed nurses caring for NH residents who fall intervene to prevent fall recurrence, we know little about nurse’s perceptions of the most effective interventions for various types of falls they manage. The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe and compare licensed nurse’s perceptions of fall prevention interventions believed to be due to acute underlying causes of a fall versus those believed to be due to chronic underlying conditions. This study is a secondary analysis of existing qualitative data from a multi-site parent study conducted in three NH sites in the northeastern U.S. designed to test nurse’s knowledge of falls prevention and interventions. Forty seven registered or licensed practical nurses, English speaking who were full or part time employees were recruited to participate. Most were female (n=46; 98.7%) with a median age of 49.5 years and ten years’ experience. Using Colazzi’s (1978) method, 47 responses of nurse’s were read from typed transcripts and analyzed independently by 2 judges. Significant statement were extracted to derive meanings and form themes. For falls related to acute causes, nurses most often stated they would collaborate with the physician, propose a blood pressure intervention and promote safety. For falls due to chronic causes, nurses promoted ambulation safety, pain interventions and collaborated with specialists. Since nurses intervened differently, identifying fall type is critical in selecting appropriate interventions.

Introduction: The aging process causes a decrease in physical abilities which can cause fall events. Fall events are influenced by fear of falling. Some risk factors of fear of falling were age, gender, balance while walking, use of a walker, depression and a history of previous falls. This study aim was to identify risk factors related to fear of falling among the elderly in nursing home.Methods: A cross-sectional study was used in this study. Respondents were elderly aged ≥60 years, can communicate well, able to read and write and not being sick which causes balance disorders and pain when walking. Respondents totaled 155 obtained by proportional random sampling. A questionnaire was used to retrieve data such as age, gender, use of a walker, depression, previous fall history and balance walking. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between all of these risk factors with the fear of falling (p <0.05) and the power of significance for each variable was different. The age variable was power significance 0.228, gender C = 0.2, previous fall history C = 0.374, use of a walker C = 0.367, balance walking C = 0.355 and depression rs = 0.196. There are three risk factors most closely associated with fear of falling in terms of balance walking (B = 1.424 Exp(B) = 4,153), use of a walker (B = 1,365 Exp(B) = 3,914) and previous fall history (B = 1.425 Exp(B) = 4.159). These factors had strength of 27%. Conclusion: Balance walking, use of a walker and previous fall history were the strongest risk factors.

A tall dark-haired man sits at a black, desklike, rolling cart in the center of a large empty room. Paint chips off the white walls, and dead autumn leaves cover the floor. The man is clean shaven and wears a black overcoat and black pants, but no shoes. Without speaking, he plays a tape recording of the overture to Béla Bartók's operaDuke Bluebeard's Castle (Herzog Blaubart's Burg). As the music begins, he rises and stands over a small dark-haired woman in a red dress, who lies on her back among the leaves, her arms stretched upward as if simultaneously reaching and waiting for something. The man hurls himself on top of her, and she drags his heavy body across the floor, her effort clearing a path through the leaves. As the overture becomes louder, the man rises and stops the tape player, rewinds it, and begins again, returning to his curled position on top of the woman's body. She drags him toward the chair, and as the music reaches the opening line, the man's efforts to stop, rewind, and fall onto her become more frantic. Suddenly he stands, lifting the tiny woman onto her feet and embraces her. Her hand creeps from under his arms and up his torso, inquisitively searching the surface of his chest, neck, and finally his face.

Abstract Wrist pain commonly affects military members and while most instances are benign, some require urgent orthopedic attention to prevent permanent loss of function. A 27-year-old male Marine while deployed presented with wrist pain after a seemingly benign fall during recreation. Radiographs were initially read as unremarkable and treated as a sprain. Though when reviewed by the Shock Trauma Platoon physicians, a perilunate dislocation was noted. After unsuccessful closed attempts to reduce injury, the Marine was sent to orthopedic surgery and underwent open reduction internal fixation and required a subsequent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Perilunate dislocations are uncommon but are among the most severe types of wrist injuries. This case is a reminder that proper evaluation of all injuries is critical. Proper evaluation of wrist injuries includes an attentive physical exam and careful examination of the radiographs; paying close attention to Gilula arcs and collinearity of the radius, lunate, and capitate. Prompt recognition and referral to specialty care for definitive treatment are important to maximize functional outcomes.

Introduction: The quality of sleep can be influenced by several factors, insomnia in turn has an effect on the state of health. Aim: The aim of our survey is to measure the effects of insomnia, furthermore, the sleep affecting agents and habits to help to fall asleep among adults. Method: We collected the online nationwide and the written datas from the South-Transdanubia region, 455 adults filled the questionnaire which contains the Athens Insomnia Scale. Results: 13.4% of participants has insomnia, it is influenced by the quality of diet (p<0.001), comsumption of coffee (p = 0.045) and the physical activity (p = 0.011), what is more in correlation with the prevalency of chronic deseases (p = 0.001) and psychosomatic symptoms (p<0.001). The most frequent causes of sleep disorders are: work-related stress (35.6%), personal-life stress (35.4%) and pain (24.2%). In case of dormition problems most of the participants watch television (52.1%) and read (33%); 7.5% and 11.4% of the responders use sleeping pills and tisane. Conclusions: We attract attention to the prevalency and effects of insomnia, and the habits to help to fall asleep. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(49), 1955–1959.

Introduction. Retroperitoneal hematoma may occur as a result of trauma, but also from rupture of arterial aneurysms (aortic or iliac), surgical complications, tumors or anticoagulation therapy. Case report. We presented a patient on permanent anticoagulation therapy. On the day of admission to our institution, the patient had the value of his INR 5.57 which required immediate suspension of the therapy. The main symptom in this patient was pain in the right inguinal canal with propagation along the right leg, which was indicated in clinical picture of spontaneous retroperitoneal haematoma. After three days the fall of hemoglobin occurred, so the additonal diagnostics was done. A computed tomography of the abdomen was performed showing well limited, large retroperitoneal hematoma (213 x 79 x 91 mm). Transfusion of concentrated red blood cells was performed twice with satisfactory correction of hemoglobin level, and four units of fresh frozen plasma. The patient was hemodynamically stabilized and discharged after a two-month long intensive care unit treatment, with the advice to use low-molecular weight heparin 2 x 0.4 mg subcutaneusly, due to persistent arrhythmia. Conclusion. In patients on anti-coagulation therapy regular monitoring of the anticoagulant status is extremely important, because of the possibility of fatal complications development, such as retroperitoneal hematoma.

The paint market of today is a jungle whit an enormous range of different paint types; there all has different properties and different compositions, some with big influence on the environment and some whit less influence on the environment. It could even be difficult for an expert to always know what should be used on which surface and what would be the best out of the environmental point of view.

This work is not intended as a total review of all the manufactures range of colours; only as a deeper dissertation about distemper paint in general, in particular Falu Red Paint. Whit focuses on the environmental issues.

The work is especially for those who are ready to paint but don’t know what paint they should chose and people that has a interest in paint and environment, perhaps it also could be of interest for professional painters even when there probably isn’t any big news for them. The information is compiled from the Internet and downloaded brochures from the Internet.

Most scientists now agree that some sixty-five million years ago, an immense comet slammed into the Yucatan, detonating a blast twenty million times more powerful than the largest hydrogen bomb, punching a hole ten miles deep in the earth. Trillions of tons of rock were vaporized and launched into the atmosphere. For a thousand miles in all directions, vegetation burst into flames. There were tremendous blast waves, searing winds, showers of molten matter from the sky, earthquakes, and a terrible darkness that cut out sunlight for a year, enveloping the planet in freezing cold. Thousands of species of plants and animals were obliterated, including the dinosaurs, some of which may have become extinct in a matter of hours. In Impact, Gerrit L. Verschuur offers an eye-opening look at such catastrophic collisions with our planet. Perhaps more important, he paints an unsettling portrait of the possibility of new collisions with earth, exploring potential threats to our planet and describing what scientists are doing right now to prepare for this awful possibility. Every day something from space hits our planet, Verschuur reveals. In fact, about 10,000 tons of space debris fall to earth every year, mostly in meteoric form. The author recounts spectacular recent sightings, such as over Allende, Mexico, in 1969, when a fireball showered the region with four tons of fragments, and the twenty-six pound meteor that went through the trunk of a red Chevy Malibu in Peekskill, New York, in 1992 (the meteor was subsequently sold for $69,000 and the car itself fetched $10,000). But meteors are not the greatest threat to life on earth, the author points out. The major threats are asteroids and comets. The reader discovers that astronomers have located some 350 NEAs ("Near Earth Asteroids"), objects whose orbits cross the orbit of the earth, the largest of which are 1627 Ivar (6 kilometers wide) and 1580 Betula (8 kilometers). Indeed, we learn that in 1989, a bus-sized asteroid called Asclepius missed our planet by 650,000 kilometers (a mere six hours), and that in 1994 a sixty-foot object passed within 180,000 kilometers, half the distance to the moon. Comets, of course, are even more deadly. Verschuur provides a gripping description of the small comet that exploded in the atmosphere above the Tunguska River valley in Siberia, in 1908, in a blinding flash visible for several thousand miles (every tree within sixty miles of ground zero was flattened). He discusses Comet Swift-Tuttle--"the most dangerous object in the solar system"--a comet far larger than the one that killed off the dinosaurs, due to pass through earth's orbit in the year 2126. And he recounts the collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter in 1994, as some twenty cometary fragments struck the giant planet over the course of several days, casting titanic plumes out into space (when Fragment G hit, it outshone the planet on the infrared band, and left a dark area at the impact site larger than the Great Red Spot). In addition, the author describes the efforts of Spacewatch and other groups to locate NEAs, and evaluates the idea that comet and asteroid impacts have been an underrated factor in the evolution of life on earth. Astronomer Herbert Howe observed in 1897: "While there are not definite data to reason from, it is believed that an encounter with the nucleus of one of the largest comets is not to be desired." As Verschuur shows in Impact, we now have substantial data with which to support Howe's tongue-in-cheek remark. Whether discussing monumental tsunamis or the innumerable comets in the Solar System, this book will enthrall anyone curious about outer space, remarkable natural phenomenon, or the future of the planet earth.

Chapter five argues that John Keats, usually read as Romanticism’s most ardent poet-physician, had knowledge of British medical ethics that led him to deny any neat congruity between the humanitarian duties of physicians and poets. While the former are ethically bound to dull pain, the latter are tasked with furthering the painful, pedagogical process of ‘Soul-Making’ Keats outlines in an 1819 letter. By reading Keats’s two Hyperion poems against an 1816 medical ethics text written for students of Guy’s Hospital like Keats, this chapter argues that by the end of his life, Keats dismissed the idea that poets, like physicians, must above all spare pain to their patients. Fallen from deity to mortality, the Titans of Hyperion develop distinct selves as they acquire individual histories of suffering. Their agony, re-presented in the metapoetic Fall of Hyperion, represents the ideal effect of art on readers: a pedagogical ‘sickness not ignoble’ whose infection is essential to crafting an individual subject. Anticipating a key mandate of narrative medicine, Keats enlists poetry in the rich but difficult mission of exploring how pain shapes an individual’s life story.