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Academic literature on the topic 'Faisceaux de positrons'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Faisceaux de positrons"
Habet, Sami. "Concept of a polarized positron source for CEBAF." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP170.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of polarized and unpolarized positronbeams for the future experimental program in hadronic physics at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The primary challenge is to produce high-duty-cycle and high-intensity polarized positron beams. The JLab positron source, which is based on the PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) technique, aims to use a high-intensity (1 mA) and highly polarized (90%) continuous electron beam of moderate energy (120 MeV) to produce either a low intensity (>100nA), highly polarized (60%) positron beam or a high intensity (>3 μA), unpolarized positron beam.The optimization of the layout and performance of the positron source is examined in this thesis. The source is designed with a specialized second injector to generate, transport, accelerate, and shape positron beams. It is compatible with acceleration at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), and the investigation results are presented in this document
Virot, Romain. "Development of calibration sources for proton spectroscopy." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY048/document.
Full textProton spectroscopy in neutron beta decay gives a complementary access to $lambda$ (ratio of the weak coupling constants gA/gV and enables new searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. In experiment, low-energy protons (E< 751.4 eV) are usually guided and selected using electromagnetic fields. Precise knowledge of the electrostatic potentials is mandatory as it can drastically bias proton selection. For instance, electrostatic potentials have to be known with an accuracy of a few mV in the proton spectroscopy instruments aSPECT and PERC in order to reach their aspired precision. As experimental conditions can directly impact the field (temperature effects on electrode position and work function, surface conditions, charging traps, etc.), it is mandatory that electrostatic measurements are performed in-situ. Further systematic effects are related to proton detection. In addition to prior off-line detector characterization, it is important to verify detector resolution, homogeneity, backscattering probability etc. in-situ. The protons from neutron decay itself are not suitable for this purpose because of their broad energy distribution and insufficient localization.The goals of this project were to create calibration sources for in-situ electrostatic measurements and proton detector characterizations and to build a dedicated test setup to characterize and optimize the sources.For electrostatic measurements, the process of positron moderation was identified as most promising. Positron moderation creates a beam of positively charged particles with a very narrow energy spread (FWHM of a few tens of meV) and with a well-defined emission angular distribution. Such a beam would allow to directly compare, inside the spectrometer, potential differences between different electrodes.For detector characterization, available commercial proton sources are difficult to couple to high magnetic fields and often induce a deterioration of the vacuum quality in experiments, making it complicated to use detection systems at high voltage (-15 to -30 kV). Electron Stimulated Desorption (ESD) of hydrogen adsorbed on a crystal surface was found to provide the desired properties: a sharp and well-defined energy distribution of the created proton beam and compatibility with ultrahigh vacuum.The aSPECTino spectrometer was built as test setup. It is a MAC-E filter which uses electro-magnetic fields to guide and select low-energy charged particles before detecting them in a solid-state detector. The detector is set at high voltage to post-accelerate the selected particles. The resistive coils of the spectrometer produce a magnetic field between 3.5 and 16 mT which is sufficient to confine low-energy positrons. Low-energy protons with a small radial momentum component can also be effectively guided onto the detector.CALIPSO, which stands for CALIbration Positron/proton SOurce, is a two-in-one calibration source: one apparatus is designed to provide, not at the same time, both positrons and protons. Its core is a tungsten (110) crystal. In the case of positrons the tungsten crystal is coupled to a 22Na positron source. The crystal serves as positron moderator and re-emits a fraction of the primary positrons from the Na source, with low energy and a small angular and energy spread. In the proton configuration the same crystal is used as substrate for adsorbed hydrogen. ESD is induced by electrons emitted from a hot cathode and hitting the tungsten crystal.This thesis introduces the physical processes used to create the low-energy positron and proton beams of CALIPSO as well as the design and the development of both the aSPECTino spectrometer and the CALIPSO source. It presents first experimental results of the preliminary characterizations of aSPECTino and CALIPSO. The expected performances of CALIPSO in both configurations and the sensitivity for comparisons of electrode potentials are derived and demonstrated by simulations
Dumas, Jonathan. "Etude de la faisabilité d'une source de positrons polarisée basée sur le bremsstrahlung d'un faisceau d'électrons polarisé." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647307.
Full textAnthonioz, Thomas. "Développement d'un faisceau de positrons lents pour des mesures de l'orthopositronium et de spectroscopie de temps de vie." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10265.
Full textA slow positron beam was constructed within a collaboration between ETH Zürich, INR Moscow, LMOPS Le Bourget-du-Lac and LAPP Annecy. The use of this beam for Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy measurements was studied for 2 configurations : the developpement of a pulsed beam, the use of secondary electrons. The first part of this work gives a review of the properties of positron and positronium,e+e- bound state. After a brief description of the apparatus, the 2 beam configurations are detailed. The pulse beam consists in a time compression of positrons bunches. Simulations were carried out to select the experimental parameters. The development of the second mode is based on the detection of secondary electrons. Low energy phenomena were introduced in the simulations. The good results obtained for time resolution (-500 ps for both configurations) allowed us to perform measurements for solid state physics. Both configurations allow wide prospects in use and development of the beam
FAUS-GOLFE, ANGELES. "Etude d'un anneau electron-positron a tres haute luminosite avec et sans monochromatisation des faisceaux. (cas particulier d'une usine tau-charme)." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112039.
Full textPortheault, B. "Première mesure des sections efficaces de courant chargé et neutre avec le faisceau de positrons polarisé à HERA II et analyses QCD-électrofaibles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009338.
Full textPortheault, Benjamin. "Première mesure des sections efficaces de courant chargé et neutre avec le faisceau de positrons polarisé à HERA II et analyses QCD-électrofaibles." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009338.
Full textIn 2003-2003 the HERA collider deilerved e+p collisions with a longitudinally polarised positron beam. We present the measurement of inclusive Neutral and Charged Current DIS cross secction using the H1 detector. The total Charged Current cross section for Q^2>400 GeV^2, y<0,9 is measured with a Right-handed (P=0,33) sample of 15,3 pb^-1 and a Left-handed (P=-0,40) sample of 21,7 pb^-1 yieldingsigmaCC (P=+0,33)=34,67 pb +/- 1,94 pb (stat) +/- 1,66 pb (sys)sigmaCC (P=-0,40)=13,80 pb +/- 1,04 pb (stat) +/- 0,94 pb (sys)This result is consistent with the proportionnality of the cross section with respect to the polarisation, in good agreement with the Standard Model expectations. THe second part of this work is devoted to QCD analysis of the proton structure. The H1 data alone are used to extract flavor separated parton densities. This analysis is further used as a basis to extract various electroweak parameters, such as the W boson mass and the quarks couplings to the Z. Then a global QCD analysis of DIS and Drell-Yan data is realized, focusing on the strange sea asymmetry which is found to be small : int_0^1 x(s-sbar)dx=(1,8+/-3,8)10^-4. The impact of new E866 data on high x parton densities is discussed and the extraction of the strong coupling is realized alpha_s =0,1197 +/- 0,0008 (exp) +0,0005-0,0007(mod) +/- 0,006 (th)
Grandemange, Pierre. "Piégeage et accumulation de positons issus d’un faisceau pulsé produit par un accélérateur pour l’étude de l’interaction gravitationnelle de l’antimatière." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112352/document.
Full textThe Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest experiment - GBAR - is designed to perform a direct measurement of the weak equivalence principle on antimatter by measuring the acceleration (gbar) of antihydrogen atoms in free fall. Its originality is to produce Hbar+ ions and use sympathetic cooling to achieve µK temperature. Hbar+ ions are produced by the reactions : pbar + Ps -> Hbar + e-, and Hbar + Ps -> Hbar+ + e-, where pbar is an antiproton, Ps stands for positronium (the bound-state of a positron and an electron), Hbar is the antihydrogen and Hbar+ the antiion associated. To produce enough Ps atoms, 2x10^10 positrons must be impinged on a porous SiO2 target within 100ns. Such an intense flux requires the accumulation (collection and cooling) of the positrons in a particle trap. This thesis describes the injector being commissioned at CEA Saclay for GBAR. It consists of a Penning-Malmberg trap (moved from RIKEN) fed by a slow positron beam. A 4.3MeV linear accelerator shooting electrons on a tungsten target produces the pulsed positron beam, which is moderated by a multi-grid tungsten moderator. The slow positron flux is 10^4 e+/pulse, or 2x10^6 e+/s at 200Hz. This work presents the first ever accumulation of low-energy positrons produced by an accelerator (rather than a radioactive source) and their cooling by a prepared reservoir of 2x10^10 cold electrons
Tran, T. H. "Mesures de précision de la section efficace des processus courant chargé et courant neutre à grand Q^2 à HERA avec le faisceau d'électrons polarisés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476567.
Full textVan, Ngoc Ty Claire. "Modélisation et analyse des étapes de simulation des émetteurs de positons générés lors des traitements en protonthérapie - du faisceau à la caméra TEP - pour le suivi des irradiations." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778996.
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