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Academic literature on the topic 'Faisceaux d'électrons à haute charge'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Faisceaux d'électrons à haute charge"
Martelli, Lorenzo. "Average Current Enhancement of Laser-Plasma Accelerators for Industrial Applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAE012.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is part of a CIFRE collaboration between Thales-MIS and the Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA). The main objective is to enhance the average current of low-energy laser-plasma accelerators, particularly in the range of a few MeV. This advancement is particularly interesting for low-energy applications such as industrial X-ray tomography, which does not require monoenergetic electron beams.Experiments were conducted using the 60,TW laser system installed in the Salle Jaune at LOA, capable of generating 30 fs pulses. Through meticulous exploration of plasma densities, laser energies, gas targets, and focusing degrees, we identified conditions conducive to producing highly divergent electron beams (i.e., >100 mrad) at energies of a few MeV, with charges ranging from 5 to 30 nC. We also achieved a maximum laser-to-electron energy conversion efficiency of approximately 14 %, one of the highest ever measured. Looking ahead to future laser systems capable of achieving average powers of around 100 W, these configurations could pave the way for generating laser-plasma accelerated electron beams with average currents exceeding 1 microampere, surpassing the current state of the art in laser-plasma accelerators. To facilitate these innovative experiments, we designed a supersonic glass nozzle and permanent magnetic dipoles to deflect electrons towards scintillating screens for beam spectroscopy. Concurrently with the experiments, this thesis also delved into Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations to study acceleration mechanisms. Using a dedicated numerical tool for processing PIC simulation results, we demonstrated that the ponderomotive force of the laser plays a predominant role in electron acceleration. Notably, the majority of particles are not injected into plasma waves but rather slide along the laser pulse, thereby gaining low energies on the order of a few MeV
Mahé, Adrien. "Bruit de charge d'une source d'électrons uniques subnanoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440198.
Full textTomashchuk, Iryna. "Assemblage hétérogène cuivre-inox et TA6V-inox par les faisceaux de haute énergie : compréhension et modélisation des phénomènes physico-chimiques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651486.
Full textDuval, Florian. "Etudes et conception d’un refroidisseur radiofréquence à gaz-tampon pour des faisceaux radioactifs de haute intensité." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2048.
Full textThis project is in the frame of Spiral2 and DESIR. The goal is to reduce beams emittance of Spiral2 beams to allow their purification with a high resolution separator. This cooler consists on a quadrupolar structure on which ions are confined by RF potential in opposite phase at 100eV. Helium is injected in the quadrupole and, after each collision, ion lose a part of its energy and is finally cooled. The main problem concerns the space charge. The existing devices cool current of few 10nA whereas we have to treat intensity around 1μA whose induce more coulombian repulsion between ions. That needs to produce strong RF fields (≈ 1kV/mm). We have worked on a first prototype with a 3mm-inner radius. The main R&D effort concerns the electronic part. A first RF system, based on a LC resonant circuit, has been developed and have provided up to 2500Vpp. We have checked that we didn’t have electrical breakdown between our electrodes. We have reduced beam emittance at a value around 2π. Mm. Mrad at 60keV and the longitudinal energy spread at 146meV. The maximum transmission in 23Na+ and 87Rb+ is 25% with an ionization source for which the beam quality is better than Spiral2. We have conceived a new cooler with an acceptance of 80 π. Mm. Mrad at 60keV. It has a larger inner radius (r0 ≈ 5 mm) and new sets of injection and extraction electrodes. The performances of the RF system have been improved to reach amplitudes up to 7kVpp
Perrin, Charlotte. "Apport de la technique électro-acoustique pulsée à la mesure et à l'analyse du transport de charge dans les diélectriques sous faisceau d'électrons." Toulouse, ISAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0021.
Full textBaudrand-Ouadi, Sylvestre. "Mesure de la polarisation longitudinale de faisceaux de positons et d'électrons à HERA par effet Compton à l'aide d'une cavité Fabry-Perot de haute finesse." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066562.
Full textBourat, Christophe. "Système de découpage sous-harmonique d'un faisceau d'électrons pour injecteur d'accélérateur linéaire." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112018.
Full textThe need of a 100 % duty cycle electron accelerator for use in nuclear physics, has led in 1981 the CEN Saclay Linear Accelerator Group, to study a machine using the existing linac associated with a pulse stretcher ring. The production of electron bunches at the ring RF frequency (600 MHz) requires the design of a new injector including a chopping beam system with a deflecting electromagnetic cavity and a collimator. A comparison between four transverse magnetic modes, led to choose a TM110 parallelepipedic chopper. The construction of a prototype and of a vacuum-tight cavity followed by microwave measurements has permitted to solve several mechanical problems and to specify the cavity electrical properties. In a first step1the beam line, including - focusing, offset deflection coils, chopping with a rectangular collimator - has been studied, for zero intensity beam current, on the basis of a matrix model. An experimental 40 keV beam line, has been assembled to measure the bunch length. The method was based on a spectral analysis of the signal delivered by a large band, 50 ohms adapted beam collector. The bunch shape in the time domain was reconstructed by inverse Fourier transform. The beam dynamics has been studied with a 3D space charge model which has been introduced into the PARMELA tracking code. Simulations showed that a 150 keV, 2A beam could be chopped with the same deflecting lay-out
Banda, Gnama Mbimbiangoye Mallys Elliazar. "Mesure et modélisation du comportement de matériaux diélectriques irradiés par faisceau d'électrons." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30208/document.
Full textIn their common uses as electrical insulators, organic solid materials are constitutive of electric power transmission cables, power control and conversion circuits as well as (micro) electronic components or embedded systems (thermal coating of satellites, batteries of accumulators, etc.). Under various constraints of use (electric field, radiation, temperature, humidity ...) they can accumulate charges in their bulk which could affect the reliability of the systems in which they are employed. One of the commonly used means to study the electrical behavior of these charges is to measure the spatiotemporal distribution of charges by subjecting the dielectrics to a continuous potential difference between two electrodes. However, this method does not always allow clearly distinguishing the contribution of charges due to generation on the one hand and the one due to transport phenomena on the other hand. This study proposes an alternative approach, consisting in generating charges (electrons) within the electrical insulation using an electron-beam under vacuum. The charges are hence deposited at a known position and in a controlled quantity. Other physical processes related to the implantation of electrons must then be taken into account in order to predict and model the behavior of these irradiated materials. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, prepared by thermal molding, were irradiated by a 80 keV electron-beam with a current flux of 1 nA/cm2. Space charge measurements using the Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method, performed first in-situ and then ex-situ under DC electrical polarization, confirm an effective localization of charges within the material. The results under electrical polarization after irradiation show an important amount of positive charges in the irradiated zone of the dielectric. The electrical characterizations of irradiated LDPE films show a completely different behavior compared to the same non-irradiated material, suggesting a modification of the chemical structure of the material. Physico-chemical measurements (infrared spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Differential Scanning Calorimetry-DSC) on these irradiated PEbd films do not show a significant degradation of the chemical structure of the dielectric which would explain the observed electrical behavior under post-irradiation polarization. Additional measurements show the reversible behavior of the irradiated then polarized PEbd, which would be only related to the presence of the charges generated by the beam. The experimental data of this study have simultaneously fed a numerical model of charge transport, developed to take into account the irradiation constraints. This model allows reproducing the in-situ results of charge implantation by the electron beam as well as the majority of the electrical processes observed on irradiated and polarized LDPE. It confirms the impact of the electron-beam deposited charge on the behavior under polarization and allows concluding on the origin of the positive charges observed after irradiation, which would be due to injection at the electrodes as well as to the creation of electron-hole pairs by the electron-beam during irradiation
Gerardin, Frédéric. "Etude de la compensation de charge d'espace dans les lignes basse énergie des accélérateurs d'ions légers de haute intensité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS001/document.
Full textThe study of intense ion beam dynamics in lowenergy beam transport line (LEBT) representsone of the most important challenges inaccelerating sciences. At low energy, it isdominated by the space-charge field created bythe beam itself, which is generally non-linearand can induce halo, emittance growth and beamlosses. But, a ion beam at low energypropagating in a LEBT ionises the residual gas.The particles (ions and electrons) fromionisation are repelled or confined radially bythe space charge field according to their chargesign.Other interactions take place in the LEBT,modifying the beam dynamics and the space chargecompensation time and the space-chargecompensation yield. In order to obtain predictiveand precise results quantitatively, numericalsimulations of beam transport in space-chargecompensation regime with WARP code havebeen realized taking account the most probablephysical interactions. Then, we will discuss theresults with comparisons with experimental dataobtained on the MYRRHA and IFMIF LEBT’s
Rovige, Lucas. "Optimization, stabilization and optical phase control of a high-repetition rate laser-wakefield accelerator." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAE011.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents experimental work on the development of a high-repetition rate (kHz) laser-wakefield accelerator using few millijoules, near-single cycle laser pulses. We explore a large set of experimental parameters to optimize the accelerator by controlling the plasma density and profile, pulse duration, type of gas and injection mechanism used in experiments. We demonstrate significant performances improvement, notably with progress made on the long-term stability and reliability of the accelerator with continuous and stable operation of the accelerator for several hours accumulating a record of 18 million consecutive shots. We achieve this gain in stability by using a newly designed type of gas target resulting in an asymmetric hydrodynamic oblique shock enabling injection in the downward density transition of the shock region. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we understand in details the underlying causes leading to an optimized and stable acceleration regime. The typical electron beam energy has also been increased by a factor of two, up to 8 MeV, while a single-shot beam divergence as low as 3mrad is achieved using helium instead of nitrogen to form the plasma. We then present the results of a first application experiment in radiobiology where our accelerator is used to irradiate cancerous cells, taking advantage of the newly acquired stability.Secondly, we study the specificity of the interaction of near-single cycle pulses with an underdense plasma that occurs in our accelerator, mainly through the effect of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP). We observe and control experimentally for the first time CEP effects in a laser-wakefield accelerator, that manifest through a dependence of the electron beam pointing to the laser initial optical phase. We also show significant (up to 30%) charge variations in some cases when changing the value of the CEP. By carrying out particle-in-cell simulations, we explain these effects by the periodic off-axis injection of several electron sub-bunches triggered by the oscillation of the asymmetry of the plasma wave in the laser polarization direction due to the CEP shifting during propagation. Finally, we discuss preliminary results on carrier-envelope phase effects on the electron energy spectrum associated with ionization injection in a helium-argon gas mixture