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Journal articles on the topic 'Failure of UV irradiation'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Wei, J., and J. Ahn. "Irradiation-Induced Failure of Diamond Based UV Detector." Crystal Research and Technology 34, no. 1 (January 1999): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4079(199901)34:1<133::aid-crat133>3.0.co;2-h.

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2

Jung, Doyun, and Wonjin Na. "Acoustic Emission Testing and Ib-Value Analysis of Ultraviolet Light-Irradiated Fiber Composites." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 6550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146550.

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The failure behavior of composites under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was investigated by acoustic emission (AE) testing and Ib-value analysis. AE signals were acquired from woven glass fiber/epoxy specimens tested under tensile load. Cracks initiated earlier in UV-irradiated specimens, with a higher crack growth rate in comparison to the pristine specimen. In the UV-degraded specimen, a serrated fracture surface appeared due to surface hardening and damaged interfaces. All specimens displayed a linearly decreasing trend in Ib-values with an increasing irradiation time, reaching the same value at final failure even when the starting values were different.
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3

Reza, Fazal, and Nur Sukainah Ibrahim. "Effect of ultraviolet light irradiation on bond strength of fiber post: Evaluation of surface characteristic and bonded area of fiber post with resin cement." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 01 (January 2015): 074–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.149646.

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ABSTRACT Objective: Fiber post is cemented to a root canal to restore coronal tooth structure. This research aims to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on bond strength of fiber post with resin cement. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 of the two types of fiber posts, namely, FRC Prostec (FRC) and Fiber KOR (KOR), were used for the experiment. UV irradiation was applied on top of the fiber post surface for 0, 15, 20, and 30 min. The irradiated surface of the fiber posts (n = 5) were immediately bonded with resin cement (Rely X U200) after UV irradiation. Shear bond strength (SBS) MPa was measured, and the dislodged area of post surfaces was examined with scanning electron microscopes. Changes in surface roughness (Ra) of the FRC group after UV irradiation were observed (n = 3) using atomic force microscopy. Data of SBS were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by multiple comparisons (P < 0.05). Results: SBS was significantly higher for 20 min of UV irradiation of the FRC group while significantly higher SBS was observed with 15 min of UV irradiation of the KOR group. Resin cement was more evident (cohesive failure) on the dislodged post surface of the UV treated groups compared with the control. The surface roughness of the FRC post was Ra = 175.1 nm and Ra = 929.2 nm for the control and the 20 min group, respectively. Conclusions: Higher surface roughness of the UV irradiated group indicated formation of mechanical retention on the fiber post surface. Evidence of cohesive failure was observed which indicated higher SBS of fiber post with the UV irradiated group.
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4

Wang, Hai Yan, Yu Wen Liu, Bin Sun, Shi Jie Huang, and Ji Feng Tian. "Aging Behavior of the Polyether Polyurethane Films Irradiated by UV." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.16.

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The failure behavior of polyether polyurethane films irradiated by UV depends on its molecular structures evolvement. The molecular structure evolvement of the polyether polyurethane films under UV irradiation were studied by in-situ FTIR spectra in this paper. It has been found that some oxygen contained groups such as hydroxyl group and carbonyl group increase; on the contrary, ether bond and CH2 decrease with the UV irradiation time. The aromatic ring maintains changeless. However, -NH group has not be determined due to the interference of the-OH and O-C=O. Results from FTIR and SEM have shown that UV photodegradative processes participated by oxidization occur mostly in ether segments and is accompanied by crosslinkage. Using the absorbance band of aromatic ring as the base the service life of polyether polyurethane can be determined by the change rate of C-O-C and-CH2 during UV irradiation. After UV irradiation, the polyether polyurethane film has higher color difference value and lower UV light transparence.
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5

Zhang, Xuan, Yan-Li Zhong, Lei Li, and Yue Yan. "Adhesion failure of antiscratch coatings on polycarbonate under UV irradiation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 15 (February 12, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40507.

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6

Volatier, Thomas, Björn Schumacher, Claus Cursiefen, and Maria Notara. "UV Protection in the Cornea: Failure and Rescue." Biology 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020278.

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Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces DNA lesions in all directly exposed tissues. In the human body, two tissues are chronically exposed to UV: the skin and the cornea. The most frequent UV-induced DNA lesions are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) that can lead to apoptosis or induce tumorigenesis. Lacking the protective pigmentation of the skin, the transparent cornea is particularly dependent on nucleotide excision repair (NER) to remove UV-induced DNA lesions. The DNA damage response also triggers intracellular autophagy mechanisms to remove damaged material in the cornea; these mechanisms are poorly understood despite their noted involvement in UV-related diseases. Therapeutic solutions involving xenogenic DNA-repair enzymes such as T4 endonuclease V or photolyases exist and are widely distributed for dermatological use. The corneal field lacks a similar set of tools to address DNA-lesions in photovulnerable patients, such as those with genetic disorders or recently transplanted tissue.
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7

Fei, Jia, and Junjie Chen. "KIAA1530 Protein Is Recruited by Cockayne Syndrome Complementation Group Protein A (CSA) to Participate in Transcription-coupled Repair (TCR)." Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, no. 42 (August 17, 2012): 35118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.398131.

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Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) is the major pathway involved in the removal of UV-induced photolesions from the transcribed strand of active genes. Two Cockayne syndrome (CS) complementation group proteins, CSA and CSB, are important for TCR repair. The molecular mechanisms by which CS proteins regulate TCR remain elusive. Here, we report the characterization of KIAA1530, an evolutionarily conserved protein that participates in this pathway through its interaction with CSA and the TFIIH complex. We found that UV irradiation led to the recruitment of KIAA1530 onto chromatin in a CSA-dependent manner. Cells lacking KIAA1530 were highly sensitive to UV irradiation and displayed deficiency in TCR. In addition, KIAA1530 depletion abrogated stability of the CSB protein following UV irradiation. More excitingly, we found that a unique CSA mutant (W361C), which was previously identified in a patient with UVsS syndrome, showed defective KIAA1530 binding and resulted in a failure of recruiting KIAA1530 and stabilizing CSB after UV treatment. Together, our data not only reveal that KIAA1530 is an important player in TCR but also lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying UVsS syndrome.
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8

Wu, Shaopeng, Yong Ye, Yuanyuan Li, Chuangmin Li, Wei Song, Hechuan Li, Chao Li, Benan Shu, and Shuai Nie. "The Effect of UV Irradiation on the Chemical Structure, Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties of Asphalt Mixture." Materials 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2019): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152424.

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Although huge numbers of investigations have been conducted for the ultraviolet (UV) aging of asphalt binder, research rarely focuses on the asphalt mixture. In order to evaluate the aging effect of UV radiation on the asphalt mixture, a dense grade of asphalt mixture was designated and aged by UV radiation for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. After that, the chemical functional groups of asphalt binder were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The semi-circular bending strength and fatigue resistance of asphalt concrete were tested to characterize the mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete. To evaluate the self-healing effect of the macro-structure continuity of asphalt concrete intuitively, the computed tomography (CT) scanning machine was used to characterize the crack size of asphalt concrete samples both before and after self-healing. The results show that, with the increase of UV irradiation time, the relative ratios of the C=O and S=O bands’ areas of recovered asphalt binder increase significantly. UV radiation can significantly weaken the mechanical and self-healing properties of asphalt mixture, making the asphalt mixture to have worse macro-structure continuity, lower failure strength and worse fatigue resistance. Moreover, the longer the UV irradiation time is, the degradation effect of UV radiation on asphalt mixture becomes more obvious.
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9

Narkevica, Inga, Aigars Reinis, Lauma Bugovecka, Ingus Skadins, Errj Sansonetti, Juta Kroica, and Jurijs Ozolins. "In Vitro Bioactivity and Bacteriostasis Effect of Thermally Treated and UV-Light Irradiated TiO2 Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 674 (January 2016): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.674.121.

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Biomaterials used in bone repair must satisfy certain criteria in order to perform without undesirable immunological response. They must be biocompatible and should inhibit bacteria adhesion on the surface, that could led to strong inflammatory process and implant failure. Our study reveals a synergistic effect on bioactivity and bacteriostasis effect of the TiO2 ceramics with different surface properties and provides insight into the design of better biomedical implant surfaces. The results show that UV light irradiation has great impact on hidrophilicity of TiO2 ceramics, but little effect on the sample bacteriostatic effect and bioactivity. TiO2 ceramic samples showed no or very low bacterial adhesion. Nevertheless, in vitro bioactivity showed TiO2 ceramic that was thermally treated at lower temperature. Thus for bone repair it’s suggested to use TiO2 ceramic sintered at lower temperature in order to provide bioactivity with bacterostatic effect and use UV-light irradiation to improve hidrophilicity.
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10

McKillip, John L., Lee-Ann Jaykus, and Maryanne Drake. "rRNA Stability in Heat-Killed and UV-Irradiated EnterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coliO157:H7†." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 4264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4264-4268.1998.

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ABSTRACT Differentiation of viable cells from nonviable cells is of considerable importance in the development of methods to detect foodborne pathogens. To study the suitability of 16S rRNA as an indicator of cell viability in nucleic acid-based detection assays, we examined rRNA stability in two representative foodborne pathogens,Escherichia coli O157:H7 and enterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureus, which were inactivated by extreme heat, moderate heat, and UV irradiation. Cell death under all conditions was confirmed by a failure to grow in brain heart infusion broth after incubation for 48 h at 37°C. rRNA stability was monitored by a Northern blot analysis, and detection was evaluated by using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR performed with two primer sets (which produced 325- and 1,400-bp amplicons). rRNA of neither pathogen was detected by Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR after cells were killed by autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min. In contrast, intact rRNA of both pathogens were detected by Northern blotting and could be amplified by RT-PCR up to 48 h after cells were killed by heat treatment at 80°C and UV irradiation at 254 nm. rRNA was a suitable target molecule for monitoring bacterial viability under extreme heat conditions, but the presence of rRNA was not correlated with viability following moderate heat inactivation or UV irradiation of cells.
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11

Katz, Sari, Aaron Urbas, Stephanie S. Watson, and Xiaohong Gu. "Raman Spectroscopy Application to Characterize EVA after UV Exposure." MRS Advances 1, no. 17 (2016): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2015.55.

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ABSTRACTEthylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) is the most commonly used photovoltaic (PV) encapsulant material. As such, it is exposed to UV, thermal cycles, temperature gradients between the glass side and the silicon wafer side, and moisture ingress. The combined effect of all these may lead to different physical and chemical changes of EVA including polymer chain alignment, crystallinity, and crosslinking density, as well as the mechanical stresses resulting from coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and aging, thus, reducing the adhesion of EVA and eventually lead to failure of the encapsulation. Measuring the effects of UV exposure on EVA can help in understanding the failure mechanism of PV modules. In this work, we suggest a novel and non-destructive way to measure EVA degradation after UV exposure by using Raman spectroscopy (RS). Samples were exposed to NIST SPHERE with UV irradiation, moisture, and elevated temperatures. The physical and chemical changes as well as the internal stresses were monitored by RS, and the intensities of the corresponding Raman peaks ratio were analyzed. The results have indicated that Raman scattering is a sensitive tool to study EVA encapsulant degradation.
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12

Starkova, Olesja, Alisa Sabalina, Vanda Voikiva, and Agnese Osite. "Environmental Effects on Strength and Failure Strain Distributions of Sheep Wool Fibers." Polymers 14, no. 13 (June 29, 2022): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132651.

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Sheep wool is an eco-friendly, renewable, and totally recyclable material increasingly used in textiles, filters, insulation, and building materials. Recently, wool fibers have become good alternatives for reinforcement of polymer composites and filaments for 3D printing. Wool fibers are susceptible to environmental degradation that could shorten their lifetime and limit applications. This study reports on the mechanical properties of sheep wool fibers under the impact of humid air and UV irradiation. The results of single fiber tensile tests showed a noticeable gauge length effect on the fibers’ strength and failure strain. Long (50 mm) fibers possessed about 40% lower characteristics than short (10 mm) fibers. Environmental aging decreased the elastic modulus and strength of the fibers. Moisture-saturated fibers possessed up to 43% lower characteristics, while UV aging resulted in up to a twofold reduction of the strength. The most severe degradation effect is observed under the coupled influence of UVs and moisture. The two-parameter Weibull distribution was applied for the fiber strength and failure strain statistical assessment. The model well predicted the gauge length effects. Moisture-saturated and UV-aged fibers were characterized by less extensive strength dependences on the fiber length. The strength and failure strain distributions of aged fibers were horizontally shifted to lower values. The results will contribute to be reliable predictions of the environmental durability of sheep wool fibers and will extend their use in technical applications.
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13

Kalisvaart, Ben F. "Photobiological effects of polychromatic medium pressure UV lamps." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 4 (February 1, 2001): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0219.

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Ultraviolet (UV) light has become widely accepted for the disinfection of potable water, process water and wastewater as an alternative to chlorination. To avoid the failure of a UV disinfection system due to the recovery of micro-organisms, certain additional wavelengths in the UV area are emitted by newly developed UV lamps. To reduce the chance of microbial recovery after ultraviolet irradiation, damage must be inflicted in as many areas of the micro-organism as possible. The effective killing of micro-organisms by improved polychromatic medium pressure UV lamps is due to their exceptionally high UV energy output at specific wavelengths across a broad section of the UV spectrum. The combination of these properties results in several different lethal effects in small and large micro-organisms. Important biological molecules other than DNA are likely to be damaged, which helps to prevent the recovery of irradiated micro-organisms. Absorption line spectra of absorbing nucleotide bases, DNA and other biological molecules, including proteins and enzymes, show how effective UV light can be. Recent findings on the biological effects of short wavelengths on Bacillus subtilis, Cryptosporidium parvum and Escherichia coli confirm the effect of short wavelengths. Practical comparisons with conventional low pressure UV lamps at equal UV dosages show better killing rates from polychromatic medium pressure lamps, without formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
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14

Wang, Yilin, Jiandong Sun, Dong Xie, Ren Zhong, Shaoyong Si, Xiaotong Liu, Zhenghai Qu, Lirong Sun, and Lingzhen Wang. "Ultraviolet Radiation Promoted Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis in HL-60 Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line." Journal of Oncology 2022 (October 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7702481.

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Minimal residual disease (MRD) is an important reason for the failure of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). Reducing MRD in grafts is particularly important to improve the efficacy of auto-HSCT. Previously, we reported that ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED) suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Leukemia can lead to severe hypoxia of the bone marrow. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of UV LED on leukemia cells under hypoxia. HL-60 cells were irradiated with a UV LED (30 J/m2) and simulated under hypoxia with cobalt chloride. We found that UV LED irradiation or CoCl2 inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and increased the levels of caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3, and caspase 9 in HL-60 cells. In particular, the combined application of UV and CoCl2 significantly enhanced the apoptosis of HL-60 cells. In conclusion, UV LED in hypoxia exacerbated the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis and necrosis in HL-60 cells via the regulation of caspase 3/9 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio-dependent pathway. The application of UV LEDs in hypoxia conditions may be a promising approach to kill residual drug-resistant leukemia cells in autologous grafts.
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15

Gorospe, Myriam, Xiantao Wang, and Nikki J. Holbrook. "p53-Dependent Elevation of p21Waf1Expression by UV Light Is Mediated through mRNA Stabilization and Involves a Vanadate-Sensitive Regulatory System." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1400–1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.3.1400.

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ABSTRACT Exposure of mammalian cells to adverse stimuli triggers the expression of numerous stress response genes, many of which are presumed to enhance cell survival. In this study, we examined the mechanisms contributing to the induction of p21Waf1 by stress and its influence on the survival of cells subjected to short-wavelength UVC irradiation. UVC was found to elevate p21Waf1 mRNA expression in mouse embryonal fibroblasts (MEFs) and human colorectal carcinoma (RKO) cells in a p53-dependent manner. The lack of p21Waf1 induction in p53-deficient MEFs and RKO cells correlated with diminished cell survival following UVC irradiation. Unexpectedly, UVC treatment was also found to block the induction of p21Waf1 by various stress-inducing agents such as mimosine in the p53-deficient cells. Additional studies indicated that induction of p21Waf1 by UVC occurs primarily through enhanced mRNA stability rather than increased transcription; in p53−/− MEFs, failure to elevate p21Waf1 after treatment with UVC appears to be due to their inability to stabilize the p21Waf1 transcripts. Treatment of the p53−/− MEFs with the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate reversed the UVC-induced block on p21Waf1 induction and resulted in their enhanced survival following irradiation. Thus, in cells bearing normal p53, UVC augments p21Waf1 expression by increasing the half-life of p21Waf1 mRNA; without p53, p21Waf1 mRNA remains unstable after UVC, apparently due to a pathway involving tyrosine phosphatase activity.
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16

Abdullatif, Fahad A., and Mansour Al-Askar. "Does Ultraviolet Radiation Exhibit Antimicrobial Effect against Oral Pathogens Attached on Various Dental Implant Surfaces? A Systematic Review." Dentistry Journal 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj10060093.

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Background: Dental implant therapy is currently identified as the most effective treatment for edentulous patient. However, peri-implant inflammations were found to be one of the most common complications that leads to the loss and failure of dental implantation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been proposed to enhance bone integration and reduce bacterial attachment. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the current evidence regarding the antimicrobial effect of UV on different dental implant surfaces. Methods: Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, VHL, and Cochran Library were searched to retrieve relevant articles. All original reports that examined the effect of the application of UV radiation on dental implants were included in our study. Results: A total of 16 in vitro studies were included in this systematic review. Polymethyl methacrylate UV radiation has induced a significant decrease in bacterial survival in PMMA materials, with an increased effect by modification with 2.5% and 5% TiO2 nanotubes. UV-C showed a superior effect to UV-A in reducing bacterial attachment and accumulation. UV wavelength of 265 and 285 nm showed powerful bactericidal effects. UV of 365 nm for 24 h had the highest inhibition of bacterial growth in ZnO coated magnesium alloys. In UV-irradiated commercially pure titanium surfaces treated with plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application, heat or alkali had shown significant higher bactericidal effect vs non-irradiated treated surfaces than the treatment with any of them alone. UVC and gamma-ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface, compared to the dry heat. Conclusion: UV radiation on Ti surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial effects demonstrated through the reduction in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with suppression of bacterial cells growth. Combination of UV and treated surfaces with alkali, plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application or heat enhance the overall photocatalytic antimicrobial effect.
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17

Xi, Jiaojiao, Xiaoyan Liu, and Zhiqiang Yu. "Investigation of the tensile performance and failure mechanism of carbon–aramid hybrid fibers/epoxy sandwich structure laminates using the UV-thermal synergetic curing mechanism: Experimentation and simulation." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 8 (October 25, 2018): 2582–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218803416.

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The tensile failure mechanism of carbon–aramid hybrid fibers/epoxy sandwich structure laminates was investigated by using experimental and finite element methods. Double curing agents, triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonates and triethylene tetramine with a mass ratio of 4:15 were introduced into the laminates. Sandwich structure laminates, with different proportions of hybrid fibers, were cured by UV-initiated anion/cationic dual curing technique. The results showed that the synergetic curing effects of two curing agents were observed under UV irradiation, leading to the better curing of the system, which further plays a positive influence on the mechanical performance. The tensile properties and failure mechanism of the laminates depended on the stacking sequence and fiber volume fractions of the layer structures. The interplay hybrid laminates, containing three alternate plies with fiber contents of 67.7 vol%, presented the optimal tensile performance, and its tensile strength and modulus were 0.82 GPa and 22.09 GPa, respectively. The fracture morphologies revealed that pull-out and debonding of fibers were the main failure mechanism of hybrid laminates. The performance of sandwich structure laminates was determined by the load-carrying capacity of carbon fiber and load-transferring capacity of the aramid fiber and adhesive. The finite element model based on experiments was established to simulate the stress state and failure mechanism of sandwich laminates. The results demonstrated that the stress was better transferred into carbon fibers from the aramid fibers and adhesive, and the relative error rate of maximum stress from finite element analysis and experimental results was less than 5%, which were in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
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18

Penrose, L. J., M. R. Nicholls, and W. Koffmann. "Failure of UV irradiation to reduce blue mould infections beneficially in an experimental water handling system for pome fruit." Crop Protection 6, no. 6 (December 1987): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(87)90074-3.

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19

Amza, Catalin Gheorghe, Aurelian Zapciu, Florin Baciu, Mihai Ion Vasile, and Adrian Ionut Nicoara. "Accelerated Aging Effect on Mechanical Properties of Common 3D-Printing Polymers." Polymers 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 4132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234132.

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In outdoor environments, the action of the Sun through its ultraviolet radiation has a degrading effect on most materials, with polymers being among those affected. In the past few years, 3D printing has seen an increased usage in fabricating parts for functional applications, including parts destined for outdoor use. This paper analyzes the effect of accelerated aging through prolonged exposure to UV-B on the mechanical properties of parts 3D printed from the commonly used polymers polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate–glycol (PETG). Samples 3D printed from these materials went through a dry 24 h UV-B exposure aging treatment and were then tested against a control group for changes in mechanical properties. Both the tensile and compressive strengths were determined, as well as changes in material creep characteristics. After irradiation, PLA and PETG parts saw significant decreases in both tensile strength (PLA: −5.3%; PETG: −36%) and compression strength (PLA: −6.3%; PETG: −38.3%). Part stiffness did not change significantly following the UV-B exposure and creep behavior was closely connected to the decrease in mechanical properties. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis was carried out to better understand the failure mechanism and material structural changes in tensile loaded, accelerated aged parts.
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Tanaka, Koichi, Toshihiro Yonekawa, Yosuke Kawasaki, Mihoko Kai, Kanji Furuya, Masaomi Iwasaki, Hiroshi Murakami, Mitsuhiro Yanagida, and Hiroto Okayama. "Fission Yeast Eso1p Is Required for Establishing Sister Chromatid Cohesion during S Phase." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 3459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.10.3459-3469.2000.

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ABSTRACT Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for cell viability. We have isolated a novel temperature-sensitive lethal mutant namedeso1-H17 that displays spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic delay and abnormal chromosome segregation. At the permissive temperature, the eso1-H17 mutant shows mild sensitivity to UV irradiation and DNA-damaging chemicals. At the nonpermissive temperature, the mutant is arrested in M phase with a viability loss due to a failure to establish sister chromatid cohesion during S phase. The lethal M-phase arrest phenotype, however, is suppressed by inactivation of a spindle checkpoint. Theeso1 + gene is not essential for the onset and progression of DNA replication but has remarkable genetic interactions with those genes regulating the G1-S transition and DNA replication. The N-terminal two-thirds of Eso1p is highly homologous to DNA polymerase η of budding yeast and humans, and the C-terminal one-third is homologous to budding yeast Eco1p (also called Ctf7p), which is required for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Deletion analysis and determination of the mutation site reveal that the function of the Eco1p/Ctf7p-homologous domain is necessary and sufficient for sister chromatid cohesion. On the other hand, deletion of the DNA polymerase η domain in Eso1p increases sensitivity to UV irradiation. These results indicate that Eso1p plays a dual role during DNA replication. The C-terminal region acts to establish sister chromatid cohesion, and the N-terminal region presumably catalyzes translesion DNA synthesis when template DNA contains lesions that block regular DNA replication.
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Dizer, H., J. Dürkop, A. Grohmann, H. Kopecka, and J. M. López-Pila. "Viruses and Water: Problems, Detection, and Control." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0543.

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Secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants contains a high number of viruses and other pathogens, which pose a health risk to the population, (especially when receiv ng waters are used for bathing and swimming, or for growing shellfish. In areas with a high density of population, where drinking water supply is dependent on surface waters and contaminated rivers are the primary source of drinking water, failure of the filtration or of the disinfection step, or of any other “barriers” supposed to warrant safe potable water, will increase the risk of health hazard for the consumer. We have compared the efficiency of viral elimination in secondary effluent by flocculation, uv rradiation and membrane filtration taking naturally occurring, or additionally seeded f2 phages, as indicator for viruses. Flocculation decreased the number of phages present in secondary effluent by more than two logs. If combined with uv irradiation, the elimination reached five additional logs. Membrane filtration eliminated essentially all naturally occurring phages. Improvement of the quality of surface waters calls for a refinement of detection methods for viruses. We have found that the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) might be used for detecting viruses in surface waters.
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22

YEO, L. P., Y. C. LAM, MARY B. CHAN-PARK, S. C. JOSHI, and D. E. HARDT. "DEMOLDING OF HIGH ASPECT RATIO POLYMERIC MICRO-PATTERNING." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 04 (August 2005): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003462.

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UV embossing for polymeric micro-patterning thin film is an emerging replication technique. This paper investigates UV curable multifunctional acrylates pre-polymer resin patterned by a micro-structured mold and subsequently cured by UV irradiation. To further enhance this duplication method for high aspect ratio production, demolding must be reliable and repeatable without damage to the embossing or mold. Previously, it has been reported that UV embossed patterns for aspect ratios as high as 14 have been achieved experimentally. Finite element analyses for patterns with aspect ratios of 5 using parallel demolding between two parallel plates have also been reported. However, the parallel demolding method may not be suitable for large area patterns as forces generated were high. As such, an alternative demolding method, namely peel demolding, for micro-patterns with an aspect ratio of 14 was investigated and key parameters identified. The parameters governing the demolding process were the peel angle, the pre-crack condition, shrinkage, interface fracture toughness, tensile strength and modulus of polymer. A pre-crack between the polymer and mold was introduced before peel demolding. Numerical analyses in terms of Cohesive Zone Modeling (CZM) were used to simulate the demolding process. Shrinkage caused by UV exposure was represented by thermal strain effects and the fully cured polymer was peeled off using displacement control. The ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S) of the cured polymer was used as a failure criterion. The stresses involved were crucial for determining clean demolding. As peeling progressed, stresses experienced in the polymer matrix increased rapidly in the region ahead of the crack with little or no stress at the cracked region. When stresses experienced by the polymer were below the U.T.S, demolding was deemed to be successful.
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Griffiths, D., M. Uchiyama, P. Nurse, and T. S. Wang. "A novel mutant allele of the chromatin-bound fission yeast checkpoint protein Rad17 separates the DNA structure checkpoints." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 6 (March 15, 2000): 1075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.6.1075.

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To further dissect the genetic differences between the checkpoint pathway following S-phase cdc arrest versus DNA damage, a genetic screen was performed for checkpoint mutants that were unable to arrest mitosis following cell-cycle arrest with a temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase delta mutant, cdc20-M10. One such checkpoint mutant, rad17-d14, was found to display the cut phenotype following S-phase arrest by cdc20-M10, but not by the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea, reminiscent of the chk1 mutant. Unlike chk1, rad17-d14 was not sensitive to UV irradiation. Interestingly, the ionising radiation sensitivity of rad17-d14 was only at higher doses, and cells were found to be defective in properly arresting cell division following irradiation in S phase, but not G(2) phase. Biochemical analysis attributes the checkpoint defects of rad17-d14 to the failure to phosphorylate the checkpoint effector Chk1p. To investigate if Rad17p monitors the genome for abnormal DNA structures specifically during DNA synthesis, chromatin association of Rad17p was analysed. Rad17p was found to be chromatin associated throughout the cell cycle, not just during S phase. This interaction occurred irrespective of the arrest with cdc20-M10 and, surprisingly, was also independent of the other checkpoint Rad proteins, and the cell-cycle effectors Chk1p and Cds1p.
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Park, Hee-Woong, Hyun-Su Seo, Kiok Kwon, Jung-Hyun Lee, and Seunghan Shin. "Enhanced Heat Resistance of Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive by Incorporating Silicone Blocks Using Silicone-Based Macro-Azo-Initiator." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102410.

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To improve the heat resistance of acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), silicone-block-containing acrylic PSAs (SPSAs) were synthesized using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based macro-azo-initiator (MAI). To evaluate the heat resistance of the PSA films, the probe tack and 90° peel strength were measured at different temperatures. The acrylic PSA showed that its tack curves changed from balanced debonding at 25 °C to cohesive debonding at 50 °C and exhibited a sharp decrease. However, in the case of SPSA containing 20 wt% MAI (MAI20), the balanced debonding was maintained at 75 °C, and its tack value hardly changed with temperature. As the MAI content increased, the peel strength at 25 °C decreased due to the microphase separation between PDMS- and acryl-blocks in SPSA, but the shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) increased almost linearly from 41.3 to 122.8 °C. Unlike stainless steel substrate, SPSA showed improved peel strength on a polypropylene substrate due to its low surface energy caused by PDMS block. Owing to the addition of 20 wt% silicone-urethane dimethacrylate oligomer and 200 mJ/cm2 UV irradiation dose, MAI20 showed significantly increased 90° peel strength at 25 °C (548.3 vs. 322.4 gf/25 mm for pristine MAI20). Its heat resistance under shear stress assessed by shear adhesion failure test (SAFT) exhibited raising in failure temperature to 177.3 °C when compared to non-irradiated sample.
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Takakura, Ayumi, Jun Miyoshi, Hiroyoshi Ishizaki, Miki Tanaka, Atsushi Togawa, Yasuko Nishizawa, Hisahiro Yoshida, Shin-ichi Nishikawa, and Yoshimi Takai. "Involvement of a Small GTP-binding Protein (G Protein) Regulator, Small G Protein GDP Dissociation Stimulator, in Antiapoptotic Cell Survival Signaling." Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, no. 5 (May 2000): 1875–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.5.1875.

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Small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator (Smg GDS) regulates GDP/GTP exchange reaction of Ki-Ras and the Rho and Rap1 family members and inhibits their binding to membranes. In fibroblasts, Smg GDS shows mitogenic and transforming activities in cooperation with Ki-Ras. However, the physiological function of Smg GDS remains unknown. Here we show that mice lacking Smg GDS died of heart failure shortly after birth, not resulting from developmental heart defects but from enhanced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes triggered by cardiovascular overload. Furthermore, neonatal thymocytes and developing neuronal cells underwent apoptotic cell death. Smg GDS−/− thymocytes were susceptible to apoptotic inducers, such as etoposide and UV irradiation. Smg GDS−/− thymocytes were protected from etoposide-induced cell death by ex vivo transduction of the Smg GDS cDNA. These phenotypes partly coincide with those observed in Ki-Ras-deficient mice, suggesting that Smg GDS is involved in antiapoptotic cell survival signaling through Ki-Ras.
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Schafer, Millie P., Elmira Kujundzic, Clyde E. Moss, and Shelly L. Miller. "Method for Estimating Ultraviolet Germicidal Fluence Rates in a Hospital Room." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 29, no. 11 (November 2008): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/591856.

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Background.Upper-room air UV germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is an effective environmental control measure for mitigating the transmission of airborne infections. Many factors influence the efficacy of an upper-room air UVGI system, including the levels and distribution of radiation. The radiation levels experienced by airborne microorganisms can be estimated by measuring the fluence rate, which is the irradiance from all angles that is incident on a small region of space.Methods.The fluence rate can be estimated by use of a radiometer coupled to a planar detector. Measurements in 4 directions at a single point are taken and summed to estimate the fluence rate at that point. This measurement process is repeated at different sites in the room at a single height.Results.In the upper air of a test room, the UV fluence rate varied at least 3-fold, with the maximum rate occurring in the immediate vicinity of the fixtures containing lamps emitting UV radiation. In the area that would be occupied by the patient and/or healthcare personnel, no significant variation occurred in the UV fluence rate for a designated height. There was no significant statistical difference between measurements obtained by different individuals, by using a different alignment, or during 5 observation periods. Lamp failures were detected on multiple occasions.Conclusion.This method is simple, requires no specialized training, and permits regular monitoring of the necessary UV fluence rates needed to sustain the targeted airborne microorganisms' inactivation level. Additionally, this method allowed for the detection of changes in UV fluence rates in the upper air of the simulated hospital room.
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Fasullo, Michael, Thomas Bennett, Peter Ahching, and Joe Koudelik. "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD9Checkpoint Reduces the DNA Damage-Associated Stimulation of Directed Translocations." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.3.1190.

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ABSTRACT Genetic instability in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rad9 mutant correlates with failure to arrest the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. We quantitated the DNA damage-associated stimulation of directed translocations in RAD9+ and rad9 mutants. Directed translocations were generated by selecting for His+ prototrophs that result from homologous, mitotic recombination between two truncated his3 genes,GAL1::his3-Δ5′ andtrp1::his3-Δ3′::HOcs. Compared toRAD9+ strains, the rad9 mutant exhibits a 5-fold higher rate of spontaneous, mitotic recombination and a greater than 10-fold increase in the number of UV- and X-ray-stimulated His+ recombinants that contain translocations. The higher level of recombination in rad9mutants correlated with the appearance of nonreciprocal translocations and additional karyotypic changes, indicating that genomic instability also occurred among non-his3 sequences. Both enhanced spontaneous recombination and DNA damage-associated recombination are dependent on RAD1, a gene involved in DNA excision repair. The hyperrecombinational phenotype of the rad9 mutant was correlated with a deficiency in cell cycle arrest at the G2-M checkpoint by demonstrating that if rad9mutants were arrested in G2 before irradiation, the numbers both of UV- and γ-ray-stimulated recombinants were reduced. The importance of G2 arrest in DNA damage-induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was evident by a 10-fold reduction in HO endonuclease-induced SCE and no detectable X-ray stimulation of SCE in a rad9 mutant. We suggest that one mechanism by which theRAD9-mediated G2-M checkpoint may reduce the frequency of DNA damage-induced translocations is by channeling the repair of double-strand breaks into SCE.
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Abdul-Halim, Nadiya, and Kenneth R. Davey. "Impact of suspended solids on Fr 13 failure of UV irradiation for inactivation of Escherichia coli in potable water production with turbulent flow in an annular reactor." Chemical Engineering Science 143 (April 2016): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2015.12.017.

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Haraguchi, Misako, Seiji Torii, Shu-ichi Matsuzawa, Zhihua Xie, Shinichi Kitada, Stanislaw Krajewski, Hiroki Yoshida, Tak W. Mak, and John C. Reed. "Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor 1 (Apaf-1)–Independent Cell Death Suppression by Bcl-2." Journal of Experimental Medicine 191, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 1709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.10.1709.

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Reportedly, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins suppress apoptosis by binding to and inhibiting members of the CED-4 family of caspase activators. To explore this question, we used embryonic stem (ES) cells in which one (−/+) or both (−/−) copies of the gene encoding apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), a CED-4 homologue, were disrupted by homologous recombination. Stable clones of heterozygous (−/+) and homozygous (−/−) Apaf-1 knockout ES cells that overexpressed Bcl-2 were generated. Withdrawal of serum growth factors or stimulation of heterozygous ES cells with staurosporine (STS), ultraviolet (UV)B irradiation, etoposide (VP16), or cisplatin induced apoptosis followed by cell death (determined by failure to exclude propidium iodide dye). These cell death stimuli also induced activation of several types of caspases and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) in heterozygous (+/−) Apaf-1 knockout ES cells. In addition, overexpression of Bcl-2 protected against these events in Apaf-1–expressing ES cells. In contrast, STS, UVB, and VP16 induced little or no caspase activation and apoptosis in homozygous (−/−) Apaf-1 knockout ES cells. Nevertheless, Apaf-1–deficient ES cells subjected to these cell death stimuli or deprived of growth factors did eventually die through a nonapoptotic mechanism associated with loss of ΔΨ. Moreover, Bcl-2 overprotection preserved ΔΨ, reduced the percentage of Apaf-1−/− ES cells undergoing cell death, and increased clonigenic survival. The extent of Bcl-2–mediated cytoprotection was not significantly different for heterozygous (−/+) versus homozygous (−/−) Apaf-1 knockout cells. Furthermore, although Bcl-2 could be readily coimmunoprecipitated with Bax, associations with Apaf-1 were undetectable under conditions where Apaf-1 interactions with procaspase-9 were observed. We conclude that Bcl-2 has cytoprotective functions independent of Apaf-1, preserving mitochondrial function through a caspase-independent mechanism.
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Nakashidze, V. T., K. D. Mgaloblishvili, G. G. Dadunashvili, D. K. Mgaloblishvili, and Ts D. Turkadze. "Ozone synthesis under UV irradiation." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry 80, no. 8 (August 2006): 1344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024406080310.

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31

Fu, J., J. Huang, Z. Liu, Q. F. Zeng, S. Q. An, and H. L. Zhu. "Comparative study of degradation of 4-chlorophenol by ultraviolet irradiation/sodium hypochlorite and ultraviolet irradiation/ozonation." Water Supply 9, no. 5 (December 1, 2009): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.490.

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The photochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol solutions by ultraviolet irradiation/sodium hypochlorite (UV/NaClO) and ultraviolet irradiation/ozonation (UV/O3) respectively was studied in a pilot scale photochemical reactor. The degradation efficiency of UV/NaClO was lower than that of UV/O3. The final UV absorption removals of the two processes were approximately 80% and approximately 90% respectively. During the two processes, dihydroxylated chlorophenols were the main intermediates. And pH values decreased with the oxidation being carried on. However, the UV/NaClO process was incomplete and some adsorbable organic halogens, such as ethyl 2-chloroacetate, 3,4-dichlorobut-3-en-2-one, ethyl 2,2-dichloroacetate, 2-chloro-1,1-diethoxyethane, ethyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetate and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, still existed in the final solution. The costs of the two processes were also estimated. On a small scale, UV/NaClO process had significant economic advantage.
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Ikeguchi, Daisuke, Takashi Kirino, Shuhei Mitani, Yuki Nakano, Takashi Nakamura, Takuji Hosoi, Takayoshi Shimura, and Heiji Watanabe. "Impact of UV Irradiation on Thermally Grown 4H-SiC MOS Devices." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.765.

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The impact of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on thermally grown SiO2/4H-SiC structures was investigated by characterizing the 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated with and without UV irradiation onto the oxide layers. The UV irradiation was found to significantly increase a hysteresis in capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics and cause a positive flatband voltage (VFB) shift, suggesting the generation of oxide charges and traps. Since the values of C-V hysteresis and VFB shift depend on the UV irradiation time, the electrical defects were considered to be induced during UV irradiation. In contrast, UV irradiation caused no marked change for the reference Si-MOS capacitors, indicating that the generation of UV-induced electrical defects was an intrinsic property of thermally grown SiO2/SiC structures. A detailed characterization of SiC-MOS capacitors with terraced SiO2 layers revealed that the UV-induced defects were located near the SiO2/SiC interface. The interfacial fixed charge density (QOX) was estimated to be 1.7×1012 cm-2 for the sample with UV irradiation, while that of the sample without UV irradiation was 1.0×1012 cm-2. Also, a slight increase was found in interface state density (Dit) due to UV irradiation. These results imply that the UV-induced defect generation correlates with residual carbon impurities at the SiO2/SiC interface.
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Kiyono, Michiyasu. "Application of UV Irradiation to Fisheries." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 80, Appendix (1996): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.80.appendix_355.

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34

Falamaş, Alexandra, Anca Petran, Alexandru-Milentie Hada, and Attila Bende. "Dopamine Photochemical Behaviour under UV Irradiation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105483.

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To understand the photochemical behaviour of the polydopamine polymer in detail, one would also need to know the behaviour of its building blocks. The electronic absorption, as well as the fluorescence emission and excitation spectra of the dopamine were experimentally and theoretically investigated considering time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and first-principles quantum theory methods. The shape of the experimental absorption spectra obtained for different dopamine species with standard, zwitterionic, protonated, and deprotonated geometries was interpreted by considering the advanced equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory of DLPNO-STEOM. Dynamical properties such as fluorescence lifetimes or quantum yield were also experimentally investigated and compared with theoretically predicted transition rates based on Fermi’s Golden Rule-like equation. The results show that the photochemical behaviour of dopamine is strongly dependent on the concentration of dopamine, whereas in the case of a high concentration, the zwitterionic form significantly affects the shape of the spectrum. On the other hand, the solvent pH is also a determining factor for the absorption, but especially for the fluorescence spectrum, where at lower pH (5.5), the protonated and, at higher pH (8.0), the deprotonated forms influence the shape of the spectra. Quantum yield measurements showed that, besides the radiative deactivation mechanism characterized by a relatively small QY value, non-radiative deactivation channels are very important in the relaxation process of the electronic excited states of different dopamine species.
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35

Watanabe, Tomoko. "Hair Damage due to UV Irradiation." Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan 48, no. 4 (2014): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5107/sccj.48.271.

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36

Taylor, Denise. "UV Irradiation in Turbid Starch Slurries." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 15 (January 1, 2010): 2231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798159363.

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37

Kubyshkina, D., M. Lendl, L. Fossati, P. E. Cubillos, H. Lammer, N. V. Erkaev, and C. P. Johnstone. "Young planets under extreme UV irradiation." Astronomy & Astrophysics 612 (April 2018): A25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731816.

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The K2-33 planetary system hosts one transiting ~5 R⊕ planet orbiting the young M-type host star. The planet’s mass is still unknown, with an estimated upper limit of 5.4 MJ. The extreme youth of the system (<20 Myr) gives the unprecedented opportunity to study the earliest phases of planetary evolution, at a stage when the planet is exposed to an extremely high level of high-energy radiation emitted by the host star. We perform a series of 1D hydrodynamic simulations of the planet’s upper atmosphere considering a range of possible planetary masses, from 2 to 40 M⊕, and equilibrium temperatures, from 850 to 1300 K, to account for internal heating as a result of contraction. We obtain temperature profiles mostly controlled by the planet’s mass, while the equilibrium temperature has a secondary effect. For planetary masses below 7–10 M⊕, the atmosphere is subject to extremely high escape rates, driven by the planet’s weak gravity and high thermal energy, which increase with decreasing mass and/or increasing temperature. For higher masses, the escape is instead driven by the absorption of the high-energy stellar radiation. A rough comparison of the timescales for complete atmospheric escape and age of the system indicates that the planet is more massive than 10 M⊕.
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Scolaro, Luigi Monsù, Andrea Romeo, Maria Angela Castriciano, Giovanna De Luca, Salvatore Patanè, and Norberto Micali. "Porphyrin Deposition Induced by UV Irradiation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, no. 8 (February 2003): 2040–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja029134y.

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39

Qin, Shubin, Duo Liu, Zhiyuan Zuo, Yuanhua Sang, Xiaolin Zhang, Feifei Zheng, Hong Liu, and Xian-Gang Xu. "UV-Irradiation-Enhanced Ferromagnetism in BaTiO3." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1, no. 1 (November 20, 2009): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz900131x.

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40

Wlaschek, Meinhard, Iliana Tantcheva-Poór, Lale Naderi, Wenjian Ma, Lars Alexander Schneider, Ziba Razi-Wolf, Jutta Schüller, and Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek. "Solar UV irradiation and dermal photoaging." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 63, no. 1-3 (October 2001): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00201-9.

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41

Takato, Kiyomi, Yuuki Kaburagi, Yoshimi Kurimura, Sumio Tokita, Takaaki Noguchi, and Masao Kaneko. "Film device to visualize UV irradiation." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 163, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2003.12.011.

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42

Youn, Dal Kyoung, Hong Kyoon No, Dong Seog Kim, and Witoon Prinyawiwatkul. "Decoloration of chitosan by UV irradiation." Carbohydrate Polymers 73, no. 3 (August 2008): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.12.003.

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43

Einarsson, Elin, Staffan G. Svärd, and Karin Troell. "UV irradiation responses in Giardia intestinalis." Experimental Parasitology 154 (July 2015): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2015.03.024.

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44

Huang, Ying-Ming, Maruti Uppalapati, William Olaf Hancock, and Thomas Nelson Jackson. "Neutravidin micropatterning by deep UV irradiation." Lab on a Chip 8, no. 10 (2008): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b802762e.

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Katayama-Hirayama, Keiko, Naoki Toda, Akihiko Tauchi, Atsushi Fujioka, Tetsuya Akitsu, Hidehiro Kaneko, and Kimiaki Hirayama. "Degradation of dibromophenols by UV irradiation." Journal of Environmental Sciences 26, no. 6 (June 2014): 1284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60600-2.

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46

Marconnet, C., A. Houari, D. Seyer, M. Djafer, G. Coriton, V. Heim, and P. Di Martino. "Membrane biofouling control by UV irradiation." Desalination 276, no. 1-3 (August 2011): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.016.

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47

Pfeifer, Gerd P., and Silvia Tornaletti. "Footprinting with UV Irradiation and LMPCR." Methods 11, no. 2 (February 1997): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/meth.1996.0405.

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48

Blatchley, E. R., N. Dumoutier, T. N. Halaby, Y. Levi, and J. M. Laîne. "Bacterial responses to ultraviolet irradiation." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (May 1, 2001): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0614.

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The UV dose-response behavior of laboratory cultures of waterborne bacteria were examined for UV doses ranging from ca. 0 -100 mW•s/cm2 using a collimated-beam reactor. Specific physiological responses measured in these tests included viability (ability to reproduce) and respiration (oxygen uptake rate). The results of these exposures indicated that resistance to UV-imposed loss of viability in E. coli cultures can be partially attributed to agglomeration during the irradiation process. From these results, it is conjectured that a bacterial population may be comprised of two sub-populations: one with low resistance (discrete or paired cells) and a second with high resistance (bacterial aggregates). A small fraction of the high-resistance portion of the population appears to be essentially unaffected by UV irradiation, thereby causing a discontinuity in the measured dose-response behavior. Moreover, the dose-response behavior of the highly resistant fraction is variable and difficult to describe quantitatively. The basis of these statements and most information in the literature is microbial viability as quantified by the membrane filtration assay. In contrast to these findings, the results of analyses for bacterial activity (respiration) suggest that comparatively little change in the population can be found to result from UV irradiation. This suggests that UV radiation accomplishes inactivation of the bacteria, but does not “kill” the bacterial cells per se, thereby highlighting the importance of considering bacterial repair processes in the design of UV disinfection systems.
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Yamaga, Ittetsu, and Sakura Hamasaki. "Seasonal Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Polymethoxyflavone and Hesperidin Content in Ponkan and Tachibana Flavedo." HortScience 55, no. 7 (July 2020): 1078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15000-20.

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Ponkan (Citrus reticulate) and Tachibana (Citrus tachibana) contain large amounts of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs). To produce highly functional food with high potential, it is important to develop technologies to increase their PMF content. Nobiletin content of the flavedo changed in harvested ‘Ohta Ponkan’ fruits after ultraviolet (UV)-C irradiation and PMF content increased for only the first 2 days following irradiation. The effect of UV-C or UV-B irradiation on PMF content at each harvest time (UV-C, July to December; UV-B, July to September) was observed in Ponkan and Tachibana. We found that UV-C had the greatest impact earlier in the season. The effects of UV-B irradiation were similar to UV-C results. Therefore, it is beneficial to harvest early and extract PMFs from fruit 24 hours after UV-C irradiation.
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Kozak, R. G., R. A. Ricco, A. A. Gurni, A. D. Boveris, and S. Puntarulo. "Antioxidant response of soybean cotyledons (Glycine max) to ultraviolet irradiation." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-037.

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After 24 h of UV-B + UV-C irradiation the homogenates of superficial layers of soybean cotyledons (Glycine max var. Hood) contained significantly more tocopherol (133%) and ascorbic acid (20%) than the control. However, UV-B irradiation alone did not affect the content of these antioxidants. Neither β-carotene nor thiol content was significantly affected after UV-B or UV-B + UV-C irradiation. Pigmentation of cotyledons from control and UV-B-exposed plants did not differ visibly, but cotyledons from plants exposed to UV-B + UV-C accumulated a red pigment in the epidermis 15 h after receiving the UV radiation. Spectral analysis indicated a substantial increase in absorbance between 250 and 340 nm after UV-B + UV-C exposure, compared with controls. Ethanolic extracts from UV-B + UV-C-irradiated cotyledons showed a significant peak at 532 nm at pH 10, which was not seen at pH 6. Successive changes in pH were accompanied by reversible changes in the spectra. TLC studies indicated that Rf values for the pigment were 0.75 and 0.63 in Forestal and formic solvents, respectively. By comparison with literature values, these results are consistent with the features of apigeninidin. The results suggest that UV-B irradiation and UV-C irradiation affect different mechanisms at the cellular level. Key words: Antioxidants, colored pigment induction, cotyledon, ultraviolet irradiation, UV-B + UV-C
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