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Academic literature on the topic 'Failure envelopes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Failure envelopes"

1

Dharmasaroja, A., C. G. Armstrong, A. Murphy, T. T. Robinson, N. L. Iorga, and J. R. Barron. "Structural performance envelopes in load space." Aeronautical Journal 125, no. 1283 (November 17, 2020): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.94.

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ABSTRACTVisualising the loads that a structure can tolerate provides a key insight into the structural design process, especially for materials and structures that are governed by complex failure criteria. This paper proposes a general method for efficient construction of performance envelopes in load space, and demonstrates the approach with two examples. The performance envelope identifies all possible failure modes, all the redundant and non-redundant structural constraints, and the limiting failure mode in a particular direction in load space. Once the envelope has been constructed, the structural reserve factors can be calculated extremely quickly. In design such envelopes are most useful for structural analysis processes which involve a very large number of load cases, and where the cost of constructing an envelope for a given feature is relatively modest.
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2

Gong, Xiu Bin, Qing Lai Fan, and Ke Wu. "Bearing Capacity of Suction Caisson for Offshore Floating Wind Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4718.

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Presented in this paper are the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses of the failure envelopes of suction caisson under torsion, vertical and lateral pullout combined load in soft clay. The soft clay under undrained condition is simulated by perfectly elasto-plastic Tresca model. Through the numerical analyses, the failure envelopes for combined loading (V-T、H-T、V-H-T) of suction caisson is reviewed. And the mathematical expression of failure envelope is deduced. It is shown that (1) the circular plastic failure area is outward-extending. (2) The bearing capacity of suction caisson foundation in V-T、H-T load spaces is increasing with the aspect ratio L/D. (3) The equation of failure envelope can be used to evaluate the stability of suction caisson foundation for offshore floating wind turbine.
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3

Eid, Hisham T. "Two- and three-dimensional analyses of translational slides in soils with nonlinear failure envelopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 4 (April 2010): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-110.

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This paper aims to assess the effect of nonlinearity of the soil shear strength envelope on the sliding mass configurations and the minimum two- and three-dimensional factors of safety for slopes susceptible to translational failure in both static and seismic conditions. An extensive parametric study was conducted using slope models and nonlinear soil strength envelopes that simulate translational failure case histories. Analysis of the results led to the development of stability charts that do not require an iterative procedure when determining the factors of safety. The introduction of a two-dimensional stability number and three-dimensional stability function, the values of which depend on the degrees of nonlinearity of the involved soils’ strength envelopes, has made it possible to develop such charts. These charts give the practicing geotechnical engineer a reliable and fast method to analyze translational failures. Using available software in such an analysis can be complicated if shear resistance along the sliding mass vertical sides and nonlinearity of soil shear strength envelopes are considered. Numerical examples and a case history are given to verify the reliability and illustrate the different applications of these charts.
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4

Jiang, J. C., R. Baker, and T. Yamagami. "The effect of strength envelope nonlinearity on slope stability computations." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 308–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-111.

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Engineering analysis of slope stability includes three separate but interrelated phases: (a) experimental strength measurements, (b) determination of a strength envelope that best fits the experimental results, and (c) formal limiting equilibrium analysis using the resulting strength envelopes. Studying the interrelations between these phases leads to an integrated approach to slope stability analysis. The present work uses a single experimental database that is fitted with both linear (Mohr–Coulomb) and nonlinear failure envelopes and investigates the effect of different forms of the failure criterion on slope stability computations for both 2D and 3D problems. It has been indicated that calculated minimum safety factors could be significantly overestimated by the linear approximation of a nonlinear strength envelope. The effect of neglecting strength envelope nonlinearity is more pronounced under 3D conditions than in a 2D simplification. As a result, the use of nonlinear failure criterions in slope stability analyses is recommended to account for the stress-dependent nature of the shear strength of soils.Key words: nonlinear strength envelope, Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, limit equilibrium, critical slip surface, minimum factor of safety, three-dimensional stability analysis.
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5

Arthos, James, Andrea Rubbert, Ronald L. Rabin, Claudia Cicala, Elizabeth Machado, Kathryne Wildt, Meredith Hanbach, et al. "CCR5 Signal Transduction in Macrophages by Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelopes." Journal of Virology 74, no. 14 (July 15, 2000): 6418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.14.6418-6424.2000.

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ABSTRACT The capacity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelopes to transduce signals through chemokine coreceptors on macrophages was examined by measuring the ability of recombinant envelope proteins to mobilize intracellular calcium stores. Both HIV and SIV envelopes mobilized calcium via interactions with CCR5. The kinetics of these responses were similar to those observed when macrophages were treated with MIP-1β. Distinct differences in the capacity of envelopes to mediate calcium mobilization were observed. Envelopes derived from viruses capable of replicating in macrophages mobilized relatively high levels of calcium, while envelopes derived from viruses incapable of replicating in macrophages mobilized relatively low levels of calcium. The failure to efficiently mobilize calcium was not restricted to envelopes derived from CXCR4-utilizing isolates but also included envelopes derived from CCR5-utilizing isolates that fail to replicate in macrophages. We characterized one CCR5-utilizing isolate, 92MW959, which entered macrophages but failed to replicate. A recombinant envelope derived from this virus mobilized low levels of calcium. When macrophages were inoculated with 92MW959 in the presence of MIP-1α, viral replication was observed, indicating that a CC chemokine-mediated signal provided the necessary stimulus to allow the virus to complete its replication cycle. Although the role that envelope-CCR5 signal transduction plays in viral replication is not yet understood, it has been suggested that envelope-mediated signals facilitate early postfusion events in viral replication. The data presented here are consistent with this hypothesis and suggest that the differential capacity of viral envelopes to signal through CCR5 may influence their ability to replicate in macrophages.
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6

Zhang, Wenchao, and K. E. Evans. "Graphical representation of anisotropic failure envelopes." Engineering Computations 6, no. 3 (March 1989): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb023776.

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7

Norouzi, R., A. Kosari, and M. Hossein Sabour. "Evaluating the effects of lateral control surfaces failure on the generic transport model: a case study." Aeronautical Journal 124, no. 1277 (March 11, 2020): 1016–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.11.

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ABSTRACTExtensive research in recent years has focused on improving the current loss-of-control prevention systems and developing new strategies for safe path planning of the impaired aircraft. Success in developing such systems requires a comprehensive perception of the influence of damage on the aircraft’s dynamic behaviour and performance, and the effect of various failure degrees on the flight envelope confinement and the remaining safe maneuvers. This paper comprehensively describes the effects of lateral control surface failure on the NASA Generic Transport Model (GTM) flight envelope, defined by a set of attainable steady-state maneuvers herein referred to as trim points. The study utilises a large database of high-fidelity maneuvering flight envelopes computed for the unimpaired case and wide ranges of the aileron and rudder failure cases at different flight conditions. Flight envelope boundary is rigorously investigated, and the key parameters confining the trim points at different boundary sections are identified. Trend analyses of the impaired flight envelopes and the corresponding limiting factors demonstrate the effect of various failure degrees on the remaining feasible trim points. Results can be employed in emergency path planning with potential uses in the development of aircraft resilient control and upset recovery systems.
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8

Jeong, Byeong-Woo. "Transitional Failure of Carbon Nanotube Systems under a Combination of Tension and Torsion." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/847307.

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Transitional failure envelopes of single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes under combined tension-torsion are predicted using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The observations reveal that while the tensile failure load decreases with combined torsion, the torsional buckling moment increases with combined tension. As a result, the failure envelopes under combined tension-torsion are definitely different from those under pure tension or torsion. In such combined loading, there is a multitude of failure modes (tensile failure and torsional buckling), and the failure consequently exhibits the feature of transitional failure envelopes. In addition, the safe region of double-walled carbon nanotubes is significantly larger than that of single-walled carbon nanotubes due to the differences in the onset of torsional buckling.
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Schutz, Michael, and Jeanine K. Stefanucci. "Exploring the Effects of “Sound Shape” on Consumer Preference." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 27, no. 1 (November 4, 2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804618810031.

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Interfaces play a crucial role in a device’s success or failure. Although visual aspects generally receive more attention, findings from sonic interaction design increasingly illustrate the importance of auditory aesthetics in creating desirable products. Here we show that small changes to the amplitude envelope (i.e., “sound shape”) of tones affect user preference. Specifically, participants are willing to pay 9% more for products using sounds with decaying-amplitude envelopes rather than abruptly ending envelopes that are common in many device sounds. These findings hold important implications for cost-effective changes that could potentially improve a product’s desirability and perceived value.
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Yun, Gijae, and M. Fraser Bransby. "The horizontal-moment capacity of embedded foundations in undrained soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-126.

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The bearing capacity of embedded foundations subject to combined horizontal and moment loading in undrained soils is of interest particularly to the offshore geotechnical engineer. These loadings can be experienced by monopod foundations and offshore manifolds and often take the form of a horizontal load applied at a lever arm height above the foundation base. Previous design methods using the failure envelope approach have suggested that peak moment capacity of a foundation is mobilized with positive horizontal loads, but that peak horizontal load is mobilized with no additional moment loading. This paper reports numerical work specifically investigating the effects of the embedment ratio on the horizontal-moment foundation capacity under no vertical load in both uniform strength and "normally consolidated" undrained soil. It is shown that the embedment ratio significantly affects the eccentricity of the M–H failure envelope so that the shape varies when normalized by the pure moment (M0) and pure horizontal load (H0) capacity. The reasons for the eccentricity of the failure envelopes are understood by investigating soil deformation mechanisms calculated during FE analysis and by accompanying upper bound plasticity analysis. This mechanistic understanding is used to suggest load reference point translations that ease curve-fitting of the complex failure envelopes for use in design.Key words: bearing capacity, foundations, numerical modelling and analysis, plasticity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Failure envelopes"

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Dharmasaroja, Atipong. "Efficient modelling of failure envelopes and load patterns in aircraft structures." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695327.

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Due to the dynamically-varying nature of aircraft loading scenarios, a large number of global load cases are generated which must be analysed in a Global Finite Element Model (GFEM) to obtain the internal load paths going into each substructure. Analysing all load cases is often not possible due to computational constraints, so that substantial engineering judgement in load case down-selection is required. One innovation developed by QUB to reduce the number of load cases is to use Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to derive a smaller set of characteristic loads which represent all the global load distributions. This research focuses on developing the SVD based load development process by studying factors that could affect the accuracy and proposes some robust error quantification methods suitable for different scenarios. The major downstream benefit of the process is that the analysis results for this set of characteristic loads can be superimposed to create the internal load distributions resulting from all the original load cases. The method is also used in sensitivity analysis for gradient based optimisation and shows a very large reduction in computational effort. When the SVD is performed at the local structure level, a few internal load characteristic patterns, which represent all internal loads, can also be identified. Another major development in this work is that the failure envelope can be constructed in this reduced dimensional load space. The resulting surface defines critical failure constraints under any loading. The novel parameterisatlon and adaptive mesh refinement techniques have been employed to efficiently construct the failure surface of the industry standard structural assessment tools, which are treated as a black box. The failure envelope therefore provides valuable insights into the structures, failures and loads. Moreover, the down-selection process or constraint filtering can be performed very quickly using the information from this envelope.
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Meng, Qiuhong. "Bearing capacity failure envelopes of foundations with skirts subjected to combined loading." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23367.

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The bearing capacity of the foundation is reduced in combination with horizontal loads and moments, and can be further reduced when torsion moment is applied. Therefore, torsion moment must be taken into account when calculating the loading capacity. This is particularly relevant for offshore foundations (underwater structures), since torsion is often of considerable size.The aim of this thesis is to make a numerical study of a rectangular mudmat foundation subjected to vertical loading, horizontal loading and torsion moment. The numerical calculations were mainly calculated by the finite element program PLAXIS 3D. Meanwhile, hand calculations of bearing capacities with Janbu and Davis & Booker methods are also carried out for comparison. The numerical studies were limited to undrained loading condition, where the undrained shear strength increases linearly with depth for a rectangular mudmat foundation; a) with outer skirts only b) with both outer and inner skirtsVertical and horizontal bearing capacities of mudmat foundation from finite element program PLAXIS 3D correspond well with the hand calculation results by Janbu method. However, the vertical bearing capacities from PLAXIS 3D are slightly higher than Janbu method, with a differencial value of 460kN(Model 1) and 80 kN(Model 2), corresponding to a differencial of 6% and 1%, respectively. It may have several explanations:?The results of finite element programs is dependent on network element and element type. Theoretically, the analyses of model with more fine meshes and smaller average element size would generate more accurate results. ?PLAXIS 3D bulids a real 3-dimensional model, taking into consideration the 3D effections. However, Janbu method is based on the plane strain. However, torsional bearing capacity from PLAXIS 3D is almost twice the value determined from hand calculations, which may because of the conservative calculation method or some possible parametrical errors in PLAXIS 3D. By intergrating the FEM analyses package PLAXIS 3D with the Swipe test procedure of loading, the failure envelopes of mudmat foundation and approximating expressions are investigated. Through numerical computations and comparative analyses based on FEM, the two-dimensional failure envelopes of mudmat foundation are established by using proposed method to evaluate the stability of foundation under combined loadings. These results could be utilized to provide vital reference for the design and construction of mudmat foundation.
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3

Saied, Ramadan Omar. "Failure envelopes for filament wound composite tubes in water at elevated temperatures." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402279.

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4

Supachawarote, Chairat. "Inclined load capacity of suction caisson in clay." University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0188.

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This thesis investigates the capacity and failure mode of suction caissons under inclined loading. Parametric finite element analyses have been carried out to investigate the effects of caisson geometry, loading angle, padeye depth (i.e. load attachment point), soil profile and caisson-soil interface condition. Displacement-controlled analyses were carried out to determine the ultimate limit state of the suction caissons under inclined load and the results presented as interaction diagrams in VH load space. VH failure interaction diagrams are presented for both cases where the caisson-soil interface is fully-bonded and where a crack is allowed to form along the side of the caisson. An elliptical equation is fitted to the normalised VH failure interaction diagram to describe the general trend in the case where the caisson-soil interface is fully-bonded. Parametric study reveals that the failure envelope in the fully-bonded case could be scaled down (contracted failure envelope) to represent the holding capacity when a crack is allowed to form. A stronger effect of crack on the capacity was observed in the lightly overconsolidated soil, compared to the normally consolidated soil. The sensitivity of caisson capacity to the changes in load attachment position or loading angle was quantified based on the load-controlled analyses. It was found that, for caisson length to diameter ratios of up to 5, the optimal centreline loading depth (i.e. where the caisson translates with no rotation) is in the range 0.65L to 0.7L in normally consolidated soil, but becomes shallower for the lightly overconsolidated soil profile where the shear strength profile is more uniform. The reduction of holding capacity when the padeye position is shifted from the optimal location was also quantified for normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated soil profiles at loading angle of 30 [degrees]. Upper bound analyses were carried out to augment the finite element study. Comparison of holding capacity and accompanying failure mechanisms obtained from the finite element and upper bound methods are made. It was found that the upper bound generally overpredicted the inclined load capacity obtained from the finite element analyses especially for the shorter caisson considered in this study. A correction factor is introduced to adjust the upper bound results for the optimal condition. Comparisons of non-optimal capacity were also made and showed that the agreement between the upper bound and finite element analyses are sensitive to the change in the centreline loading depth when the caisson-soil interface is fully bonded, but less so when a crack forms.
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Reyes, Esteves Rocio Guadalupe, and Esteves Rocio Guadalupe Reyes. "Modeling Approaches to Determination of Appropriate Depth and Spacing of Subsurface Drip Irrigation Tubing in Alfalfa to Ensure Soil Trafficability." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625691.

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A major design issue in the implementation of a Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) system for extensively crops such as alfalfa (i.e. crops that cover the entire surface as opposed to row crops), is the determination of the appropriate depth of placement of the drip line tubing. It is important to allow necessary farming operations with heavy equipment at harvesting times while still providing adequate water to meet the crop water requirements. It is also a need to ensure appropriate spacing between the dripline laterals to assure reasonable lateral irrigation uniformity for plant germination. In this study, the program HYDRUS-2D was used to determine the wetting pattern above and laterally from a subsurface drip emitter of an SDI system, for three soils typically found in Southern California and Arizona, a Sandy Clay Loam (SCL), a Clay Loam (CL) and a Loam (L). The design and management conditions from an experimental alfalfa field with an SDI system located at Holtville CA were used and analyzed. The first irrigation design was with a drip line depth of placement of 30 cm and the second design with an installation depth of 50 cm. The two different irrigation management schemes utilized by the farmers and producers in that area were: one with a running time of six hours and a frequency of every three days and the second one with an irrigation running time of twenty-four hours with a frequency of seven days or irrigation every week. After having carried out the analysis and studies of the irrigation designs and management schemes mentioned above, a new model with its corresponding management was proposed to meet the alfalfa water requirements under that particular field and weather conditions while we ensure a sufficiently dry soil surface at harvesting time for each soil case. This irrigation management includes twelve hours or irrigation every three days, for each of the three soils analyzed. It was found that the vertical rise of water above the emitters on the day of the cut, for our recommended SDI management was 26 cm, 29 cm, and 27 cm, with a moisture content at the soil surface of 14.9%, 24%, and 13% for the SCL, CL, and L soils respectively. Then, through the utilization of classical soil mechanics theory, an analysis to calculate the increase in stress on soils at any depth due to a load on the surface from a conventional tractor used during harvest operations was made for the proposed SDI system. The results from the increase in stress were then used together with soil strength properties such as shear strength as a function of soil moisture content to determine the minimum allowable depth of placement of the drip line tubing to ensure that soil failure does not occur. The load increase from a 3,300-kg four-wheel tractor was found to be 0.59 kg/cm2 under a rear tire at 10 cm below the surface and 0.07 kg/cm2 at 70 cm below the surface. To ensure that shearing failure does not occur, a stress analysis using Mohr’s circle indicated that the soil moisture content at 10 cm below the surface should be no greater than 26.8%, 32.7%, and 27% in the SCL, CL, and L soils respectively. The mimimum moisture content of 26.8% occur at 10 cm above the drip line for a SCL soil, which means that the minimum depth placement to avoid failure would be 40 cm below the surface. A similar analysis for the CL and L yielded minimum installation depths of 35 cm and 40 cm respectively. This type of analysis is useful in determining the depth of placement of SDI drip line tubing to ensure adequate trafficability of soil irrigated with subsurface drip irrigation systems. An additional outcome of the modeling study was the determination of the lateral extent of the wetted zone which can be used to determine the appropriate lateral spacing between drip line tubing. Thus, to ensure adequate spatial coverage by a subsurface drip system, the maximum horizontal spacing should be of 80 cm for SCL and L soils and 90 cm in CL soils.
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Eriksson, Daniel, and Tobias Gasch. "Load capacity of anchorage to concrete at nuclear facilities : Numerical studies of headed studs and expansion anchors." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40820.

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The aim of this thesis was to study the load bearing capacity of anchor plates, used for anchorage to concrete located at nuclear facilities. Two different type of anchor plates were examined, which together constitute the majority of the anchor plates used at Forsmark nuclear facility in Sweden. The first is a cast-in-place anchor plate with headed studs and the second is a post-installed anchor plate which uses sleevetype expansion anchors. Hence, anchors with both a mechanical or a frictional interlock to the concrete were examined. The main analysis tool was the finite element method, through the use of the two commercially available software packages ABAQUS and ADINA and their non-linear material models for concrete and steel. As a first step, the numerical methods were verified against experimental results from the literature. However, these only concern single anchors. The results from the verifications were then used to build the finite element models of the anchor plates. These were then subjected to different load combinations with the purpose to find the ultimate load capacity. Failure loads from the finite element analyses were then compared to the corresponding loads calculated according to the new European technical specification SIS-CEN/TS 1992-4 (2009). Most of the failure loads from the numerical analyses were higher than the loads obtained from the technical specification, although in some cases the numerical results were lower than the technical specification value. However, many conservative assumptions regarding the finite element models were made, hence there might still be an overcapacity present. All analyses that underestimate the failure load were limited to large and slender anchor plates, which exhibit an extensive bending of the steel plate. The bending of the steel plate induce shear forces on the anchors, which leads to a lower tensile capacity. In design codes, which assume rigid steel plates, this phenomenon is neglected. The failure loads from all different load combinations analysed were then used to develop failure envelopes as a demonstration of a useful technique, which can be utilised in the design process of complex load cases.
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7

Olliff, Derrick K. "Characterizing the failure envelope of a conductive adhesive." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19093.

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8

Maghsoudloo, Arash. "Nonlinearity Of The Residual Shear Strength Envelope In Stiff Clays." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615551/index.pdf.

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During shearing of stiff clays, plate-shaped clay particles are parallel-oriented in the direction of shear reaching the minimum resistance of &ldquo
residual shear strength&rdquo
. The residual shear strength envelopes of stiff clays are curved, but for practical purposes represented by linear envelopes. This study investigates the nonlinearity of the residual shear strength envelope using experimental evidence (i) from laboratory reversal direct shear tests on two stiff clays (Ankara clay and kaolinite) at 25 to 900 kPa effective normal stresses and (ii) from laboratory data collected from literature. To evaluate the importance of nonlinearity of the envelope for geotechnical engineering practice, by limit equilibrium method, (a) case histories of reactivated landslides are analyzed and (b) a parametric study is carried out. Conclusions of this study are: (1) The residual shear strength envelopes of both Ankara clay and kaolinite are nonlinear, and can be represented by a power function (cohesion is zero). (2) At least 3 reversals or cumulative 20 mm shear displacement of direct shear box is recommended to reach residual condition. (3) Empirical relations between plasticity index and residual friction angle can accurately estimate the residual strength of stiff clays. (4) Nonlinearity is especially important for landslides where average effective normal stress on the shear plane is less than 50 kPa, both for translational and rotational failures. For such slopes using a linear strength envelope overestimates the factor of safety (more significantly for the case of high pore pressures). (5) As the plasticity index increases, the power &ldquo
b&rdquo
of the nonlinear shear strength envelope decreases, indicating more significant nonlinearity. For less plastic materials, using linear and nonlinear shear strength envelopes does not affect the factor of safety.
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9

Crosby, Jessica Renee. "Expanding the Performance Envelope of the Total Artificial Heart: Physiological Characterization, Development of a Heart Failure Model, And Evaluation Tool for Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/344221.

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Heart failure (HF) affects an estimated 5.8 million Americans, accounting for near 250,000 deaths each year. With shortages in available donor hearts, mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has emerged as a life-saving treatment for advanced stage HF. With growth in MCS use, a clinical and developmental need has emerged for a standard characterization and evaluation platform that may be utilized for inter-device comparison and system training. The goal of this research was to harness SynCardia's total artificial heart (TAH) to meet this need. We first sought to characterize the TAH in modern physiological terms - i.e. hemodynamics and pressure-volume loops. We then developed a model of HF using the TAH and mock circulatory system operating in a reduced output mode. We demonstrated that MCS devices could be incorporated and evaluated within the HF model. Finally, we characterized the operational envelope of SynCardia's Freedom (portable), Driver operating against varying loading conditions. Our results describe the hemodynamic envelope of the TAH. Uniquely, the TAH was found not to operate with time-varying elastance, to be insensitive to variations in afterload up to at least 135 mmHg mean aortic pressure, and exhibit Starling-like behavior. After transitioning the setup to mimic heart failure conditions, left atrial pressure and left ventricular pressure were noted to be elevated, aortic flow was reduced, sensitivity to afterload was increased, and Starling-like behavior was blunted, consistent with human heart failure. The system was then configured to allow ready addition of ventricular assist devices, which upon placement in the flow circuit resulted in restoration of hemodynamics to normal. Lastly, we demonstrated that the Freedom Driver is capable of overcoming systolic pressures of 200 mmHg as an upper driving limit. Understanding the physiology and hemodynamics of MCS devices is vital for proper use, future device development, and operator training. Characterization of the TAH affords insight into the functional parameters that govern artificial heart behavior providing perspective on differences compared to the human heart. The use of the system as a heart failure model has the potential to serve as a valuable research and teaching tool to foster safe MCS device use.
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10

Jin, Zhuang. "Numerical investigation of caisson foundations in sand under combined monotonic loadings for offshore wind turbines." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0002/document.

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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur la réponse des fondations caisson dans du sable pour les éoliennes en mer soumises à des chargements monotones et cycliques combinés. Le processus de défaillance et l’enveloppe de rupture (diagramme de capacité portante) d’une fondation en caisson dans du sable soumise à des chargements monotones combinés sont premièrement étudiés à l’aide du modèle constitutif de Mohr-Coulomb. La méthode Lagrangian-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Combinée (CLSPH) est adoptée pour prendre en compte les grandes déformations et les limites de l'approche sont mises en évidence. Une loi constitutive basée sur la notion de l’état critique pour le sable récemment mis au point (SIMSAND) est ensuite introduite et utilisée avec la méthode CLSPH. Des tests d’effondrement du sol dans un canal rectangulaire et d’une colonne granulaire en prenant en compte différentes géométries sont simulés afin de valider l’approche en termes de morphologie de dépôt final, des profils d’écoulement et de zones non perturbées. La méthode CLSPH et le modèle SIMSAND sont ensuite utilisés pour étudier le diagramme de capacité portante des fondations caisson dans du sable. Différents paramètres ayant une incidence sur la forme et la taille de l'enveloppe de rupture sont pris en compte, tels que la densité et la rigidité du sol, la résistance au frottement, la rupture des grains, la géométrie et les dimensions de la fondation. Une formule analytique est introduite pour décrire la surface de rupture 3D capable à reproduire les résultats numériques. Sur la base de la formule analytique proposée, un macro-élément pour des fondations caisson dans du sable soumises à des chargements monotones et cycliques est finalement développé dans le cadre de l'hypoplasticité. L’outil numérique proposé est validé avec des résultats expérimentaux
This PhD thesis deals with the response of caisson foundations in sand for offshore wind turbines submitted to combined monotonic and cyclic loadings. First, the failure process and failure envelope (or bearing capacity diagram) of a caisson foundation in sand under combined monotonic loadings is investigated using the conventional Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model. A Combined Lagrangian-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(CLSPH) method is adopted to consider large deformations and the limitations of the approach are highlighted. A recently developed critical state model for sand (SIMSAND) is then introduced and combined with the CLSPH method. Rectangular channel soil collapse tests and granular column collapse tests considering different aspect ratios are simulated to validate the approach in terms of final deposit morphologies, flow profiles and undisturbed areas.The CLSPH method and the SIMSAND model are then used to investigate the bearing capacity diagram of the caisson foundation in sand. Different parameters affecting the shape and size of the failure envelope are considered, as soil density and stiffness, friction strength, grain breakage, geometry and aspect ratio of the foundation. An analytical formula is introduced to describe the 3D failure surface reproducing the numerical results. Based on the proposed analytical formula, a macro-element for the caisson foundation in sand submitted to monotonic and cyclic loadings is finally developed within the framework of hypoplasticity. Validation is provided through comparison with experimental results
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Books on the topic "Failure envelopes"

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Johnson, G. F. Alberta building envelope failure analysis. [Edmonton, Alta.]: Alberta Municipal Affairs, 1991.

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J, Pender M., and Gunn C. I. M, eds. Slope stability analyses for materials with a nonlinear failure envelope. Auckland: School of Engineering, University of Auckland, 1986.

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Y, Hsu John, and Langley Research Center, eds. Expanded envelope concepts for aircraft control-element failure detection and identification. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Failure envelopes"

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Tiwari, Binod, and Beena Ajmera. "Curvature of Failure Envelopes for Normally Consolidated Clays." In Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment, 117–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_19.

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Lepakshi, R., and B. V. Venkatarama Reddy. "Shear Strength Parameters and Mohr–Coulomb Failure Envelopes for Cement-Stabilised Rammed Earth." In Earthen Dwellings and Structures, 51–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_5.

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Sajid, Z., S. Karuppanan, and S. Z. H. Shah. "Open-Hole and Filled-Hole Failure Envelopes of BFRP and GFRP: A Comparative Study." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 391–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5753-8_36.

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Rennar, N., and P. Kirchner. "Characterisation of the Ultimate Tensile Properties of Elastomers by a Dimensionless Hooke Number—A New Approach to Failure Envelopes." In Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymer Materials, 493–506. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41879-7_35.

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Hack, Robert. "Mohr-Coulomb Failure Envelope." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 667–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_207.

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Hack, Robert. "Mohr-Coulomb Failure Envelope." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_207-1.

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Gu, D. S., J. G. Kim, T. Kelimu, W. C. Kim, and B. K. Choi. "Detection of Failure in Gearbox Using Intensified Envelope Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 191–200. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4993-4_17.

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Sun, Yigang, and Daming Ren. "Whole Flight Envelope Aero-engine Sensor Failure Diagnosis Based on Neutral Network." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 439–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25658-5_53.

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Yudhbir, P. K. Basudhar, and S. K. Bhowmik. "Slope Stability Computations with Nonlinear Failure Envelope using Generalized Procedure of Slices and Optimization Techniques." In Numerical Techniques for Engineering Analysis and Design, 337–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3653-9_39.

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Huang, Haiying, and Yifei Ma. "Calibrating the Strength Ratio and the Failure Envelope for DEM Modeling of Quasi-Brittle Materials." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 199–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97112-4_45.

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Conference papers on the topic "Failure envelopes"

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Tian, Yinghui, Tianyuan Zheng, Tao Zhou, and Mark J. Cassidy. "A New Method to Investigate the Failure Envelopes of Offshore Foundations." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54513.

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This paper presents an alternative numerical method in addition to the traditional ‘probe test’ to investigate the combined loading failure envelopes of foundations in soil. In the ‘probe test’ method, the foundation is displaced with a specified displacement path and eventually the soil resistance force reaches a stabilised point sitting on the failure envelope in the load space. While the displacement paths are arbitrarily or empirically set, the positions of the stabilised loads on the failure envelope can not be predetermined or planned. This paper’s new method, however, can specify the load paths, which directly shoot onto the failure envelope. This allows the investigation of the failure envelope can be better achieved with planned load paths. In addition, this new method is advantageous in checking the plastic flow conditions (i.e. normality of the failure envelope) as the load path directions are predetermined.
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Varghese, J., and A. Dasgupta. "A Technique to Characterize Rate-Dependent Failure Envelopes in Surface Mount Assemblies." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13583.

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This paper characterizes the fatigue failure envelopes for solder damage in Printed Wiring Assemblies (PWAs) subjected to dynamic loading. An empirical, rate-dependent, power-law durability model, motivated by mechanistic considerations, is used to characterize the failure envelopes in terms of PWA flexural strain and strain rate. Explicit nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) is used to make the damage constants independent of the specimen geometry and characterize the durability in terms of the ratio of solder plastic strain to its failure strain. A case study, using a simple PWA specimen containing a single area array component, is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach.
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Yuan-Hung, Kuo, and Wei Bo-Siou. "Suction Pile Allowable Suction Pressure Envelopes Based on Soil Failure and Structural Buckling." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25687-ms.

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Lall, Pradeep, Dhananjay Panchagade, Prakriti Choudhary, Jeff Suhling, and Sameep Gupte. "Shock and Vibration Survivability Prediction Using Failure Envelopes for Electronic and MEMS Packaging." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82612.

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Product level assessment of drop and shock reliability relies heavily on experimental test methods. Prediction of drop and shock survivability is largely beyond the state-of-art. However, the use of experimental approach to test out every possible design variation, and identify the one that gives the maximum design margin is often not feasible because of product development cycle time and cost constraints. Presently, one of the primary methodologies for evaluating shock and vibration survivability of electronic packaging is the JEDEC drop test method, JESD22-B111 which tests board-level reliability of packaging. However, packages in electronic products may be subjected to a wide-array of boundary conditions beyond those targeted in the test method. In this paper, a failure-envelope approach based on wavelet transforms and damage proxies has been developed to model drop and shock survivability of electronic packaging. Data on damage progression under transient-shock and vibration in both 95.5Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu and 63Sn37Pb ball-grid arrays has been presented. Component types examined include — flex-substrate and rigid substrate ball-grid arrays. Dynamic measurements like acceleration, strain and resistance are measured and analyzed using high-speed data acquisition system capable of capturing in-situ strain, continuity and acceleration data in excess of 5 million samples per second. Ultra high-speed video at 150,000 fps per second has been used to capture the deformation kinematics. The concept of relative damage index has been used to both evaluate and predict damage progression during transient shock. The failure-envelope provides a fundamental basis for development of component integration guidelines to ensure survivability in shock and vibration environments at a user-specified confidence level. The approach is scalable to application at system-level. Explicit finite-element models have been developed for prediction of shock survivability based on the failure envelope. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data for both leaded and leadfree ball-grid arrays.
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Tan, Kian Sing, and Young W. Kwon. "Failure Criterion for Varying Strain Rates." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25149.

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Strain rate affects the behaviors of engineering structural materials, such as metals and composites, in terms of their stiffness and strength. In particular, yield and failure strengths and strains depend on the strain rate applied to the materials. When a structural material is subjected to a typical dynamic loading, the material usually undergoes various strain rate loading conditions. Then, the main question is whether the material is going to fail or not. To the authors’ best knowledge, there has been no failure criterion proposed for a varying strain rate loading condition. This paper presents a failure criterion under non-uniform strain rate conditions. Experiments were also conducted to support the proposed failure criterion using aluminum alloy AA3003-H14. This study also investigated the failure envelopes in terms of strain rates and the normalized failure strengths. Furthermore, evaluations of various stressstrain relations under different strain rate loading conditions were also undertaken.
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Prueter, Phillip E., Seetha Ramudu Kummari, and David A. Osage. "A Fracture Mechanics-Based Approach to Establish Minimum Pressurization Temperature Envelopes." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65805.

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Preventing brittle fracture is an essential part of instituting life-cycle management strategies for fixed pressure equipment. Using fracture mechanics principles to establish permissible minimum pressurization temperature (MPT) envelopes for components is one way to mitigate the potential for unstable flaw growth. In the refining industry, heavy-walled, low-alloy hydroprocessing reactors are designed to operate at elevated temperatures and high hydrogen partial pressures. Components that operate in high-pressure hydrogen environments require special treatment and necessitate guidance that falls outside the bounds of current pressure vessel construction codes. This operating environment results in two factors that affect the MPT envelope: long-term temper embrittlement and hydrogen embrittlement. Additionally, hydrogen charging can manifest damage in two ways: fast (brittle) fracture due to a reduction in fracture toughness and slow (subcritical) hydrogen-assisted crack growth. When developing a MPT envelope for a given component, both failure modes need to be considered in addition to residual stress effects from weld overlay or cladding. MPT envelopes provide insight into the permissible pressure-temperature combinations for specific locations and for chosen reference flaw sizes. From a reliability standpoint, understanding the risk of brittle fracture associated with heavy-walled reactors for all operating scenarios is crucial. Furthermore, taking the appropriate life-cycle management steps, such as establishing MPT envelopes, coupling MPT analysis predictions with targeted inspection, optimizing process operating conditions, and developing a flaw acceptance criteria to mitigate the risk of crack propagation and ultimately, brittle fracture is essential. In this study, a fracture-mechanics based methodology is summarized that is fully documented in upcoming Welding Research Council (WRC) Bulletin 562 [1] to determine MPT envelopes for all components (in any service environment) based on fast fracture with supplemental MPT requirements based on slow fracture for equipment that operates in high-pressure hydrogen environments. Finally, a finite element analysis-based case study of a 2-1/4-Cr-1-Mo hydrotreater reactor is summarized and practical life cycle-management guidance is offered based on analysis results. This example highlights how evaluation of start-up and shut-down procedures for heavy-walled reactors has the potential to save significant time and related cost per unit shut-down cycle, while maintaining an acceptable risk tolerance against subcritical crack growth and brittle fracture.
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Xiao, Zhong, Donghai Zhang, Haixiao Liu, and Ying Liu. "Bearing Capacities of Shallow Skirted Foundations After the Action of Multi-Directional Cyclic Displacements Considering Soil Degradation." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96036.

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Abstract Shallow skirted foundations have been applied widely in ocean engineering. Under the action of external excitation, the shallow skirted foundations on soft soil undergo cyclic displacements during service state. Under the action of cyclic displacements, the foundations drive the surrounding soft soil to produce a continuous accumulation of absolute plastic shear strain, which weakens the shear strength of the soft soil around the foundations. Therefore, the bearing capacities of shallow skirted foundations reduce after the action of cyclic displacements considering soil degradation. In order to study the evolutions of bearing capacities of shallow skirted foundations after the action of multi-directional cyclic displacements considering soil degradation, the elastoplastic finite element models of shallow skirted foundations with different embedment ratio are established. Cyclic displacements are applied along different displacement loading paths, and the evolutions of soil shear strength and bearing capacities of shallow skirted foundations after the action of cyclic displacements are analyzed. The results show that the soil softening zone gradually expands from the stress concentration zone of the soft soil to the surrounds with increasing number of loading cycles. Due to the enlargement and weakening of the soil softening zone, the failure envelopes of shallow skirted foundations gradually shrink, but the shrinkage trend gradually converges with increasing number of loading cycles. The shapes of the failure envelopes are relatively less affected by the cyclic number of displacements. The size of the failure envelopes is greatly affected by the loading paths while the shape of the failure envelopes is relatively less affected.
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Dakov, Dimitar, Borislav Belev, and Chavdar Penelov. "Deterioration of connections and failure of light-weight façade envelopes due to sequence of seismic and wind actions." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0865.

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Zhang, Xiaodong, Hezhen Yang, Peter Francis Bernad Adaikalaraj, Ying Min Low, and Chan Ghee Koh. "Structural Reliability Analysis for Offshore Drilling Riser Deployment Operability." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61575.

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Drilling riser system provides a short-term connection between subsea oil well and drilling vessel or platform. The analysis of different operability envelopes are required for drilling riser analysis, for example, connected drilling, connected non-drilling and hang-off analysis. The operability envelope analysis could provide operators statistical information for riser operational management. The current practice to calculate the drilling operability envelope is to use deterministic approach. However, deterministic approach could not take the randomness from environmental loadings and structures into consideration. Structural reliability method is an analysis tool to quantify probability of failure of components or systems accounting for uncertainties in environmental conditions and system parameters. It is particularly useful in cases where limited experience exists or a risk-based evaluation of design is required. It is gaining increasing popularity in the offshore and marine industry to predict failure probability. In this paper, structural reliability analysis is adopted to analyze the offshore drilling riser deployment. The uncertainties are mainly from wave and current loadings. The significant wave height HS is modeled by a Weibull probability density function, the zero-crossing wave period TZ conditional on HS is modeled by a lognormal distribution, and the surface current speed is modeled as Weibull distribution. Multiple simulations are performed by software Flexcom [1] and efficient structural reliability methods are adopted to get the failure probabilities. The deployment operability will be calculated based on structural reliability methods and the results will be compared with those calculated based on deterministic approach.
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Mohaddes Foroushani, Seyed Sepehr, David Naylor, and Hua Ge. "Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Different Overhang Configurations on the Wind-Driven Rain Wetting of Building Facades." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85746.

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The distribution of wind-driven rain loads on building facades is of high importance in evaluating the hygrothermal performance and durability of building envelopes. Wind-driven rain is known to be a major source of moisture loads on building facades and is responsible for numerous cases of facade failure. One of the classical solutions for preventing the building envelope from being extensively exposed to such loads is the use of overhangs. In this work, the effects of different overhang lengths on the distribution of wind-driven rain on building facades are investigated by numerical methods. To check validity, the results are compared to existing data reported in the literature. Calculated values of catch ratio at two sample positions on the front facade of a simple cubic building are in good agreement with previously published results. The protective effect of overhangs is shown by calculating catch ratio values for cases where rectangular overhangs were added to the cubic building. Results suggest that the introduction of the overhang can significantly change both the amount and the pattern of the wind-driven rain wetting of the facade. This change may, in certain points, be unfavourable.
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