Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Failure effect of adaptation'
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Heiwe, Susanne. "Experienced physical functioning and effects of resistance training in patients with chronic kidney disease /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-865-3/.
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Williams, Nadine A. "Adaptation of Heart Failure Education Materials for the Middle Eastern Population." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6873.
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Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, is the leading cause of death among male and female Middle Eastern Americans. In 2016, a medical center located in the northeastern region of the United States had an estimated 35% of heart failure patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge, 10% of these readmitted patients belonged to the local Middle Eastern community. The gap in nursing practice noted by nursing staff, patients, and their families was that the patient education materials on heart failure were not tailored to the cultural beliefs and customs of this high-risk population. The purpose of this project was to adapt the American Heart Association teaching tools on heart failure education to the Middle Eastern community to enhance compliance with treatment care plans, minimize days spent in the hospital, and decrease the readmission rates. The practice-focused question explored whether a team of experts could adapt heart failure education materials for the Middle Eastern community. An expert team met weekly to adapt the teaching materials to include information regarding effective communication techniques, adaptation to religious strictures, and modification of behavioral risks specific to Middle Eastern cultures. The information gathered was compiled and will be shared with the host medical facility. The positive social change resulting from this project might include improved culturally appropriate communication and support for the medical center's Middle Eastern population of heart failure patients, which may result in improved health outcomes.
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Laurence, Sarah. "The effect of familiarity on face adaptation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47140/.
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Face adaptation techniques have been used extensively to investigate how faces are processed. It has even been suggested that face adaptation is functional in calibrating the visual system to the diet of faces to which an observer is exposed. Yet most adaptation studies to date have used unfamiliar faces: few have used faces with real world familiarity. Familiar faces have more abstractive representations than unfamiliar faces. The experiments in this thesis therefore examined face adaptation for familiar faces. Chapters 2 and 3 explored the role of explicit recognition of familiar faces in producing face identity after-effects (FIAEs). Chapter 2 used composite faces (the top half of a celebrity's face paired with the bottom half of an unfamiliar face) as adaptors and showed that only recognised composites produced significant adaptation. In Chapter 3 the adaptors were cryptic faces (unfamiliar faces subtly transformed towards a celebrity's face) and faces of celebrity's siblings. Unrecognised cryptic and sibling faces produced FIAEs for their related celebrity, but only when adapting and testing on the same viewpoint. Adaptation only transferred across viewpoint when a face was explicitly recognised. Chapter 4 demonstrated that face adaptation could occur for ecologically valid, personally familiar stimuli, a necessary pre-requisite if adaptation is functional in calibrating face processing mechanisms. A video of a lecturer's face produced FIAEs equivalent to that produced by static images. Chapters 5 and 6 used a different type of after-effect, the face distortion after-effect (FDAE), to explore the stability of our representations for personally familiar faces, and showed that even representations of highly familiar faces can be affected by exposure to distorted faces. The work presented here shows that it is important to take facial familiarity into account when investigating face adaptation effects, as well as increasing our understanding of how familiarity affects the representations of faces.
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Barsoum, Imad. "The effect of stress state in ductile failure." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Hållfasthetslära, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4667.
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Irving, Greg. "Adjustment and adaptation in patients with chronic heart failure at the end of life." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2014762/.
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Background: Advanced heart failure is receiving increasing attention from clinicians and policy makers as a major chronic condition associated with poor quality of life in an ageing population. Aim: To explore how we could tailor health interventions to individual patients with advanced heart failure at the end of life. Design: (1) A systematic review of national and international chronic heart failure guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool and a data extraction framework based on the holistic needs assessment of the Gold Standards Framework (GSF). (2) A longitudinal qualitative study of 15 patients with New York Heart Association grade 3 or 4 heart failure recruited through two community based heart failure services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients at 3 monthly intervals for 1 year (n= 52 interviews). A refined ‘case-based’ method as described by Griffiths et al. was adopted to identify the ideal type categories of adjustment and adaptation and assess how these categories change over time for each patient. This involved understanding individuals as complex systems, subject to internal and external influences, with the potential for transformation. The analysis drew on the theoretical concept of the emergent present - as developed by Adam - the current period of time when all domains of life have expression. Results: (1) A total of 19 guidelines were included in the review. Across all guidelines the lowest scoring domains were applicability and stakeholder involvement. Qualitative assessment showed that most guidelines adopt a disease-orientated approach to addressing need. In particular, domains on continuity of care and out of hours care were poorly covered. (2) Four distinct patterns of adjustment and adaptation were identified. The largest group was the Stuck and struggling category, which was characterised by participants wanting to move on but being unable to do so. Participants in the integrating group were able to accommodate the problems that they faced from moment to moment despite anticipating an uncertain future. Those in the submerged group were completely immersed in their illness and any expectation of a meaningful future had completely disappeared. The Past reminder group was characterised by a narrative based in the emergent present that was dominated by their experience of previous events. It was shown that some participants transformed from one category to another as a result of the care they received. For others, there was no change over the course of the study. Conclusion: This thesis identifies important differences between the ‘objective’ patient represented in clinical guidelines and the ‘subjective’ experience of the individual. The illness experiences of people living with advanced heart failure are diverse and do not lend themselves to standardised care. This raises important questions for the way knowledge is currently translated into clinical practice. Attending to the emergent present may be a clinically useful approach for supporting health care professionals to tailor care to needs of patients at the end of life.
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Azadi, Azin. "A 'dynamic' tissue model of glomerular filtration barrier maintenance, adaptation and potential pathways to failure." Thesis, Azadi, Azin (2022) A 'dynamic' tissue model of glomerular filtration barrier maintenance, adaptation and potential pathways to failure. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/66252/.
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The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), within the kidney, is known to act as a filter. It must work effectively over its lifespan, avoiding common filter problems such as clogging. Previous mathematical studies mostly just considered how the GFB acts as a size and charge selective barrier. In contrast, here the aim is how the GFB continues to work long-term, despite its environmental changes. The overarching hypothesis presented here is that the tissue is continuously renewing, as podocyte-synthesized molecules are transported ‘upstream’ against the filtrate across the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) to exit via endothelial fenestrae. We refer to this as a ‘dynamic’ tissue, rather than the common static view of the GFB as a simple filter. This then provides a conceptual model to understand how the GFB works long-term. We use computational modelling to (i) test this conceptual model, (ii) integrate and quantify the various biological, biochemical and biophysical processes involved and (iii) predict key model parameter values that are linking to the structural/functional features of GFB. This approach helped identify potential control mechanisms to maintain GFB functional properties against a constant challenges. It also reveals potential pathways to GFB ‘failure’ or pathology. We found there is a constant gradient in the negative fixed charge (NFC) from podocytes to endothelial, which is the main driver for rapid transport of heperan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) against plasma flow. This HSPG flux is a potential anti-clogging mechanism and may enable podocytes-to-endothelial cell upstream crosstalk. We demonstrated that the existence of a constant gradient NFC distribution is beneficial to albumin sieving rate compared to a constant NFC (as assumed in past models). We argue that the role of podocytes slit diaphragms is to retain GBM extracellular matrix proteins, rather than albumin-exclusion barrier. Results are significant in terms of understanding GFB maintenance, adaption and pathology.
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Gan, Khong Wui. "Effect of high through-thickness compression on composite failure." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616885.
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As composite materials are now used in load conditions with increasing complexity and thickness, all the three-dimensional stress components become important and should be taken into account when predicting failures. In particular, the through-thickness stresses can play a crucial role in determining the in-plane behaviours and strength of a composite, laminate. The work presented in this PhD thesis aims to investigate failures due to complex stress fields at the root of a composite component in a dovetail assembly, where highly concentrated through-thickness stresses as well as in-plane tensile and interlaminar shear stresses are present. The problem was decoupled into two simpler multiaxial load cases which were studied separately: (1) through-thickness compression with interlaminar shear, and (2) through-thickness compression with longitudinal tension. They were investigated experimentally using new loading configuration in a biaxial test machine. This bridges the gap in reliable multiaxial experimental data which is lacking in the open literature. This was then combined with a finite element (FE) modelling approach to, develop simple failure criteria which are validated for engineering design purposes. A simple constitutive law which takes into account the effect of transverse compression and analytical tools which can be I easily utilised to predict stresses and failures in composites were also developed. The findings of this thesis were finally applied to a severely tapered dovetail composite specimen, together with some mitigation strategies, to predict its ultimate fibre failure load and the failure locations.
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Sadehi, Hamid. "Effect of frequency on the failure of articular cartilage." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7616/.
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Articular cartilage in synovial joints can become damaged due to mechanical loading, trauma or wear and tear. The initiation and progression of damage in cartilage may lead to degenerative changes of the joint. However, links between mechanical loading and the initiation/progression of damage in cartilage remain poorly understood. In this thesis, the damaging effects of loading frequencies representative of normal (1 Hz), above normal (10Hz) and rapid heel-strikes (100Hz) on cartilage/cartilage-on-bone were assessed and compared to test the hypothesis that failure can be influenced by frequency. Bovine cartilage was used as a model for human cartilage. Materials testing machines were used to apply sinusoidally varying loads at different frequencies and altered maximum forces under different loading types. A metal indenter was used to apply cyclic loading on cartilage-on-bone specimens to produce failure on the surface of cartilage-on-bone specimens in compression. Fatigue failure of cartilage-on-bone specimens were determined using cyclic three-point bending. Propagation of an initial crack across the area of cartilage specimens with respect to increasing number of loading cycles were measured and compared under tension. The results from this thesis indicated that failure increases significantly (p < 0.05) in cartilage-on-bone specimens with increasing the loading frequency under compression and bending. Strain experienced by the cartilage specimens at higher frequency, e.g. 100 Hz, caused a greater crack growth under tension. The results from this work have many potential implications in the early onset of osteoarthritis. This is because rapid heel-strike rise times have been implicated in the early onset of osteoarthritis.
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Shu, Gang. "Statistical Estimation of Software Reliability and Failure-causing Effect." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1405509796.
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Mauck, Rebecca A. "The effect of prior education on the learning effect associated with the six-minute walk test in patients with congestive heart failure." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260490.
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A learning effect has been shown to be present in the repeated performance of the six-minute walk test and contributes to the variability of walk distance up to the third walk test. The purpose of this study was to see if education about the performance of the walk test could minimize the learning effect. It was hypothesized that education about the learning effect would decrease the learning effect. There were a total of 18 subjects (5 female and 13 male) with a mean age of 63.7+12.1 years that completed three standardized six-minute walk tests. The subjects were randomly assigned to either a Learning Effect Education (LEE) group or a Usual Care (UC) group. The LEE group was provided with education material about the learning effect approximately two days prior to their first walk test, with additional instruction immediately prior to their first walk test. The mean walk distances for the LEE group over the three walk tests were 1,248±297.4, 1,361.9±275.7, and 1,355.1+291.7 feet, respectively. Mean walk distances for the UC group over the three walk tests were 1,149.6+392.3, 1,123.6+427.5, and 1,209.9±368.7 feet, respectively. The hypothesis was tested and the repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant (p=0.033) interaction between the groups with respect to six-minute walk distance. A Bonferroni's post hoc analysis showed that mean walk distance (113.9+42.3 feet) increased significantly (p=0.048) from test one to test two in the LEE group. There was no significant difference between mean walk distance from test two and test three (6.8+31.1 feet) in the LEE group. In the UC group, there was no significant increase in mean walk distance from test one to test two (-26+42.3 feet), while there was a significant (p=0.04) increase in mean walk distance from test two to test three (86.3+31.1 feet). There was a significant difference between walk tests (p=0.011) with no significant difference between groups (p=0.333). In conclusion, the results from this study suggest that education may reduce the number of familiarization trials needed prior obtaining an accurate baseline six-minute walk test distance.School of Physical Education
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Shebl, Nada Atef. "Promoting patient safety using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517951.
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Furnier, Ursula. "What effect does 'pre-failure recovery' have on customer satisfaction?" Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844827/.
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When a company identifies an unavoidable service failure, they do not always inform customers or initiate activities to minimise the negative effects. Thus, customers are exposed to service failures and companies are faced with the issue of recovering. This thesis studies the effect of pre-failure service recovery on customer satisfaction. Also, the joint effect of pre-failure recovery and criticality on customer satisfaction is examined. A critical review of the literature on service failure and recovery is presented drawing upon the underlying theories of disconfirmation of expectations theory, justice theory, and prospect theory. From this, a conceptual model and hypotheses have been developed and put forward. A non-probability quota sample is employed. Using a 2x2x2 scenario based experimental design, T-Tests and 2-way between-groups analysis of variance are used. Results show pre-failure recovery can aid the service recovery process and heighten customer satisfaction in the face of inevitable unavoidable service failure. This research adds a new step in the service recovery process extending the literature on service failure, service recovery, and criticality. The implications of this research are that through using pre-failure service recovery, the damage of an inevitable unavoidable service failure can be minimised resulting in higher satisfaction. Consumers appreciate honesty and upfront service providers regardless of whether they are in a time critical situation or not. A practical implication is that before considering compensation, service providers could use pre-failure recovery as this may be enough for recovery (and if not then it will make recovery easier and the provider could offer less compensation). This could save providers money. Future studies could consider other forms of pre-failure recovery and their effect on satisfaction. The present study could be extended into other service sectors. Furthermore, researchers could examine pre-information and post-information to compare the two and their effects on satisfaction.
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Karlström, Patric. "Heart failure : biomarker effect and influence on quality of life." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kardiovaskulär medicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-124560.
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Background and aims: Heart failure (HF) is a life threatening condition and optimal handling is necessary to reduce risk of therapy failure. The aims of this thesis were: (Paper I) to examine whether BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)-guided HF treatment improves morbidity and mortality when compared with HF therapy implemented by a treating physician at sites experienced in managing patients with HF according to guidelines; (Paper II) to investigate how to define a responder regarding optimal cut-off level of BNP to predict death, need for hospitalisation, and worsening HF and to determine the optimal time to apply the chosen cut-off value; (Paper III) to evaluate how Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) is influenced by natriuretic peptide guiding and to study how HR-QoL is affected in responders compared to non-responders; (Paper IV) to evaluate the impact of patient age on clinical outcomes, and to evaluate the impact of duration of the HF disease on outcomes and the impact of age and HF duration on BNP concentration. Methods: A randomized, parallel group, multi-centre study was undertaken on 279 patients with HF and who had experienced an episode of worsening HF with increased BNP concentration. The control group (n=132) was treated according to HF guidelines and in the BNP-guided group (n=147) the HF treatment algorithm goal was to reduce BNP concentration to < 150 ng/L in patients < 75 years and <300 ng/L in patients > 75 years (Paper I), and to define the optimal percentage decrease in BNP and at what point during the follow-up to apply the definition (Paper II). To compare the BNP-guided group with the conventional HF treated group (Paper I), and responders and non-responders (Paper II) regarding HR-QoL measured with Short Form 36 (SF-36) at study start and at study end (Paper III) and to evaluate if age or HF duration influenced the HF outcomes and the influence of BNP on age and HF duration (Paper IV). Results: The primary outcome (mortality, hospitalisation and worsening HF) was not improved by BNP-guided HF treatment compared to conventional HF treatment or in any of the secondary outcome variables (Paper I). Applying a BNP decrease of at least 40 percent in week 16 (compared to study start) and/or a BNP<300 ng/L demonstrated the best risk reduction for cardiovascular mortality, by 78 percent and 89 percent respectively for HF mortality (Paper II). The HR-QoL improved in four domains in the BNP-guided group and in the control group in six of eight domains; however there were no significant differences between the groups (Paper III). For responders the within group analysis showed improvement in four domains compared to the non-responders that improved in one domain; however there were no significant differences between the two groups. There were improvements in HR-QoL in all four groups (Paper III). Age did not influence outcome but HF duration did. HF duration was divided into three groups: HF duration less than 1 year (group 1), 1-5 years (group 2) and >5 years (group 3). A 1.65-fold increased risk could be demonstrated in those with HF duration of more than five years compared to patients with short HF duration. The BNP concentration was increased with increased age, and there was a better response regarding BNP decrease in NP-guiding in patients with short HF duration, independent of age (Paper IV). Conclusions: There were no significant differences between BNP-guided HF treatment group and the group with conventional HF treatment as regards mortality, hospitalisation or HR-QoL. The responders to HF treatment showed a significantly better outcome in mortality and hospitalisation compared to non-responders but no significant differences in HR-QoL. The duration of HF might be an important factor to consider in HF treatment by BNP-guiding in the future.
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Major, Yolanda. "Effect of Home Telehealth on Vterans with Chronic Heart Failure." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2609.
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More than 5 million Americans have heart failure, with approximately 5% of those affected being veterans. As the number of patients with CHF continues to rise, new treatment options are needed to improve the quality of care. Current studies show Telehealth is one treatment option. The purpose of this scholarly project was to determine if veterans diagnosed with CHF were able to maintain optimal weight and blood pressure following participation in Care Coordination Home Telehealth (CCHT) program. The CCHT program provides care to veterans, through the use of monitoring devices placed in their home. Bandura's self-efficacy theory was used as a guide to develop veterans' self-management skills. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 26 veterans with CHF enrolled in the CCHT program. Post participation weight and blood pressure were analyzed at 16 weeks to determine whether there was a difference from the pre-participation measures. There was no change in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or weight levels during the 16-week period. Limitations of this project were the small sample size (n = 26), attrition rate (n = 43), no data on nurse interaction, and a short follow-up period. Implications for nursing practice and enhancing the program's efficacy are recommended. This scholarly project has the potential to support social change by expanding veteran's access to care.
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Brogren, Eva. "Postural adjustments in sitting position : effect of development, training and brain lesions /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3839-3/.
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Dada, Rehana. "Transformation adaptation: developing a framework for donor organisation support of climate change adaptation in resource poor communities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4158.
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Poor communities already face severe challenges in meeting their basic needs, whether because of poor income opportunities, inadequate service delivery, or degraded ecosystems that can no longer support the needs of people. Non profit organisations who provide support for development are also challenged by financial restrictions and social and political structures that prevent or limit project development. Climate change is understood to have the most severe impact on the most vulnerable communities and sectors of communities by reducing the availability and accessibility of basic resources such as water, food and energy, impacting severely on human health and wellbeing, and further reducing the capacity of ecosystems to support livelihoods. This will add a layer of significant new complications to the ability of poor communities to maintain or improve standards of living, and further challenge non profit organisations that support such communitiesAnticipatory adaptation to climate change can reduce some of the impacts of climate change, and also address some key development stresses. This thesis aims to provide a framework that is relevant for supporting adaptation to climate change within the context of resource poor communities in a developing country. Non profit organisations and donor agencies could support success and autonomy in adaptation processes by making provision for locally defined understanding of adaptation, and locally determined processes and programmes. This can be taken further into implementation of programming that addresses local short term development priorities alongside, or as part of long term adaptation work. The research followed a number of steps involving a multitude of techniques including literature review, interviews, a survey, consultation with an expert group, further consultation with stakeholders, and a final electronic review. Its outcome is a strategy that can be used to support climate change adaptation in resource poor communities. A definition for adaptation is proposed as an interpretation of adaptation that is relevant in this context. The intended end goal of adaptation as defined in this research is a better form of development that : supports a harmonious and respectful relationship between humans and their natural resource base; averts further destructive global change or at the very least prevents it from becoming unmanageable; and manages the impacts of past and ongoing destructive change so that there is lowest possible loss of natural, human, or cultural resources. The term transformative adaptation emerged from the research processes to describe adaptation to climate change that concurrently addresses development challenges, is grounded in community development aspirations, integrates programming work across multiple thematic areas and approaches, and addresses the causes of climate change within adaptation interventions. The following broad guidelines are used to inform programming within the framework of transformative adaptation : Human communities are faced with an enormous challenge resulting from global change and sociopolitical injustices; Well planned anticipatory adaptation can limit exposure and vulnerability to at least some of the projected impacts of climate change; Adaptation to climate change incorporates a reduction of vulnerability to underlying development stresses, alongside a reduction of vulnerability to specific climate change stresses; Existing development work forms the foundation for adaptation interventions, acknowledging the interdependence of social, natural and economic systems and the need to maintain their health; Adaptation decision making is community based, and acknowledges that resource poor communities are best placed to establish their own development needs, drive implementation of interventions in own spaces, and identify own limits to adaptation; Adaptation work incorporates mitigation objectives so that the causes of climate change are addressed as part of the strategy for coping with climate change; Adaptation programming acknowledges the strong interlinkages between, and integrates work across, the thematic areas of water security, food sovereignty, energy security, land security, human wellbeing and livelihood diversity; Adaptation uses a broad set of approaches that spans research, knowledge sharing, advocacy, and investment in technology and infrastructure; There is flexibility in project design and implementation to allow room for experimentation with new concepts, and also to change design as knowledge, understanding, and geophysical, biophysical and sociopolitical conditions change.
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Lang, Nann C. "Investigation of the effect of fuselage dents on compressive failure load." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FLang.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Young W. Kwon. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 55). Also available in print.
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Subang, Maria Cristina. "The effect of lovestatin on hypercholesterolemia in experimental chronic renal failure /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68259.
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Hypercholesterolemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, is present in many patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The present study was carried out in order to determine the mechanisms which underlie this increase in serum cholesterol levels and to test the feasibility of using lovastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in its treatment.A mouse model of surgically-induced CRF was employed in the experiments. Five weeks after the onset of renal failure, the mice were characterized with regard to various biochemical and hematological parameters. At this time, treatment with lovastatin was initiated. The drug (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day) was incorporated in powdered diet and was given fresh daily for four weeks. Upon sacrifice, blood was collected for the estimation of blood urea nitrogen and serum lipids and livers were excised for the measurement of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity.
The mice exhibited the major manifestations of CRF--retention of nitrogenous wastes, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, suggesting the presence of bone disease, and severe anemia. CRF mice also had elevated serum total cholesterol levels with a concomitant, but not significantly correlated, increase in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity. Furthermore, their serum lipoprotein profiles were abnormal. Treatment with lovastatin resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in serum total cholesterol levels and correction of the serum lipoprotein profile. However, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was unchanged.
These results indicate that the hypercholesterolemia observed in CRF mice is probably due to an increase in de novo synthesis of cholesterol in both the liver and extranepatic tissues. Lovastatin may decrease serum total cholesterol levels in CRF mice by inhibiting peripheral, rather than hepatic, HMG-CoA reductase activity.
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Godart, Marie-Aude. "Effect of skin fracture on failure of a bilayer polymer plate." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444085.
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Kunieda, Minoru, Naoshi Ueda, Yoshihito Yamamoto, Hikaru Nakamura, and Yasar Hanifi Gedik. "Effect of Stirrups on the Shear Failure Mechanism of Deep Beams." 日本コンクリート工学会, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20960.
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Motamen, Salehi Farnaz. "The effect of oil properties on engine oil pump failure mechanisms." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16087/.
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In recent years, there has been an increasing demand in the automotive industry to improve fuel economy. Poor fuel economy is attributed to the high friction and wear of various engine components. Thus, the automotive industry aims to design fuel efficient vehicles in order to reduce the fuel consumption. A Variable Displacement Vane Pump (hereafter denoted VDVP) is an innovative type of oil pump that has a variable capacity that is adjustable to the engine demand. This type of pump can improve the efficiency of engines. However, high friction and severe wear in the component of this pump is an issue. Oil contamination is one of the factors that influence the friction and wear behaviour of components in VDVP. Many studies have been conducted on the effect of contaminants such as soot on tribological performance of oils. However, the exact mechanism of the oil contaminations is not fully understood yet. This study aims to investigate the effect of oil contaminants such as soot and diesel on the oil properties and tribological behaviour of oils in the boundary lubrication regime in VDVP. Furthermore, it examines the effect of these contaminants on the oil’s properties during the ageing process. To achieve this, the tribological performance of various oils has been evaluated using ball-on-disc and pin-on-plate test rigs in the boundary lubrication regime. Different surface analysis techniques were used to understand the effect of each of the contaminants on wear and friction behaviour of contacts. A number of surface analysis techniques were employed in this study such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy- Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The results of this study indicate that Carbon Black (CB) contamination (soot surrogate) increases the wear of components. It has been proposed that a corrosive-abrasive mechanism is responsible for the high wear observed in fully formulated oil (FFO) when contaminated with CB. The interaction of sulphur- and phosphorus-based additives such as ZDDP with CB resulted in an antagonistic behaviour that enhanced wear. This mechanism is more dominant than the abrasion effect of itself. This study shows that diesel contamination can reduce the friction and wear under certain condition due to the lubricity of diesel. It also reveals that the contaminants and ageing conditions can change the bulk properties (viscosity and TAN) of the oils. This is found to be dependent on the type of contaminants and ageing duration. When CB is present in the oil during the ageing process, it results in high Total Acid Number (TAN) and severe wear of engine components. These results also reveal that the high wear observed with CB is not solely due to abrasion. Additive depletion and additive adsorption by CB particles during the ageing process are shown to play a significant role in producing high wear.
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Korovenkova, O. M. "The effect of Thiocetam on renal function in acute renal failure." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18244.
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Powar, Pratik Rajesh, and Ashkan Raeisi. "Effect of strain rate on continuum and pre-cracked polymer failure." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21637.
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The main intention of this thesis work was to investigate the effect of strain rate on continuum and pre-cracked polymer failure. Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) was chosen to study experimentally and numerically. In order to cover wide range of strain rates, four specific strain rates were selected for the uniaxial tensile tests. To perform the tests, cyclic loading and unloading with relaxation was utilized in the room temperature for continuum specimen and for pre-cracked specimen monotonic tensile test till failure was utilized. Through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) the local strain distribution was assessed through the specimen and the deformation was compared with simulation results. Based on the extensive literature review of material models from PolyUMod library among Viscoplastic models, the Three Network Viscoplastic (TNV) model was selected to proceed with the calibration. The motivation behind choosing TNV model is it's capability of capturing load-unload curves, different strain rates as well as non-linear responses. Furthermore, it was seen that among Viscoplastic models, TNV has the lowest average errors which plays a vital role in this case as the accuracy of FE simulation directly depends on the calibration results. From the experimental results it was safe to say that with increasing strain rates LDPE films tend to get stiffer and stronger both in continuum and pre-cracked. Through the calibration it was seen that the predicted curves were in reasonable agreement with experimental ones. Hence,the calibrated model was exported as python script into Abaqus CAE to perform the simulations. The comparison was done and discussed in details between the simulation and experimental data in three orientations; MD (Machine Direction), CD (Cross Direction) and 45 direction.
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Suna, Jessica Mary. "The effect of exercise training on sleep quality in heart failure." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61340/1/Jessica_Suna_Thesis.pdf.
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Background: Heart failure is a serious condition estimated to affect 1.5-2.0% of the Australian population with a point prevalence of approximately 1% in people aged 50-59 years, 10% in people aged 65 years or more and over 50% in people aged 85 years or over (National Heart Foundation of Australian and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2006). Sleep disturbances are a common complaint of persons with heart failure. Disturbances of sleep can worsen heart failure symptoms, impair independence, reduce quality of life and lead to increased health care utilisation in patients with heart failure. Previous studies have identified exercise as a possible treatment for poor sleep in patients without cardiac disease however there is limited evidence of the effect of this form of treatment in heart failure.
Aim: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of a supervised, hospital-based exercise training programme on subjective sleep quality in heart failure patients. Secondary objectives were to examine the association between changes in sleep quality and changes in depression, exercise performance and body mass index.
Methods: The sample for the study was recruited from metropolitan and regional heart failure services across Brisbane, Queensland. Patients with a recent heart failure related hospital admission who met study inclusion criteria were recruited. Participants were screened by specialist heart failure exercise staff at each site to ensure exercise safety prior to study enrolment. Demographic data, medical history, medications, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, Geriatric Depression Score, exercise performance (six minute walk test), weight and height were collected at Baseline. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, Geriatric Depression Score, exercise performance and weight were repeated at 3 months.
One hundred and six patients admitted to hospital with heart failure were randomly allocated to a 3-month disease-based management programme of education and self-management support including standard exercise advice (Control) or to the same disease management programme as the Control group with the addition of a tailored physical activity program (Intervention). The intervention consisted of 1 hour of aerobic and resistance exercise twice a week. Programs were designed and supervised by an exercise specialist. The main outcome measure was achievement of a clinically significant change (.3 points) in global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality score.
Results: Intervention group participants reported significantly greater clinical improvement in global sleep quality than Control (p=0.016). These patients also exhibited significant improvements in component sleep disturbance (p=0.004), component sleep quality (p=0.015) and global sleep quality (p=0.032) after 3 months of supervised exercise intervention. Improvements in sleep quality correlated with improvements in depression (p<0.001) and six minute walk distance (p=0.04). When study results were examined categorically, with subjects classified as either "poor" or "good" sleepers, subjects in the Control group were significantly more likely to report "poor" sleep at 3 months (p=0.039) while Intervention participants were likely to report "good" sleep at this time (p=0.08).
Conclusion: Three months of supervised, hospital based, aerobic and resistance exercise training improved subjective sleep quality in patients with heart failure. This is the first randomised controlled trial to examine the role of aerobic and resistance exercise training in the improvement of sleep quality for patients with this disease.
While this study establishes exercise as a therapy for poor sleep quality, further research is needed to investigate the effect of exercise training on objective parameters of sleep in this population.
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Lei, Thomas T. (Thomas Ting). "Functional design and shade adaptation in Acer species." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39406.
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This is a broad, quantitative comparison of 12 maple species, representing both canopy and subcanopy growth forms, grown under two ecologically relevant light environments. The maple seedlings responded mainly to light intensity; light quality plays only a minor role in the induction of shade characteristics. While a light-mediated trade off between light and dark reactions of photosynthesis was evident at the chloroplast level, this did not lead to similar differences in assimilaton rates. Gap-grown seedlings showed no apparent compromise in photosynthetic response to dim light and lightflecks. Seedlings of subcanopy trees trade off wood strength for increases in plant size while canopy seedlings sacrifice plant size for wood strength. The demand for greater wood strength in seedlings of canopy trees appears to pose a strong developmental constraint that delays maturation. Free of this constraint, subcanopy species can devote more resource to reach adult size quickly and at an earlier age.
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Baril, Jacinthe. "Interaction between circulatory and respiratory exercise adaptation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF)." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97901.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) patients show a marked reduction in exercise capacity compared to that of healthy age-matched individuals. While inadequate gas exchange and resulting hypoxemia appears as the primary factor in COPD, an impaired cardiac output is the predominant explanation for the reduced oxygen delivery in CHF. However, the extent of the contributions of other systemic factors remains unclear. In light of the potential interactions between cardiac output (Qc) and pulmonary hyperinflation, there is surprisingly little data thus far on ventilatory constraints in CHF and on the role of blood flow delivery in COPD which may further limit the exercise capacity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the slope of the Qc versus oxygen uptake (VO2) response through several submaximal cycling loads in patients with moderately severe COPD and with that of moderate to severe CHF patients as well as age-matched healthy control subjects (CTRL). Also examined was the possibility that ventilatory constraints such as dynamic hyperinflation contribute to an abnormal stroke volume response in both diseases. Cardiac output was measured using the CO 2-rebreathing equilibrium technique during baseline conditions and cycling at 20, 40 and 65% of peak power in 17 COPD (Age: 64 +/- 8 yrs; FEV 1/FVC: 37 +/- 11%; FEV1: 41 +/- 15 % predicted), 10 CHF (Age: 57+/- 10 yrs; FEV1/FVC: 73.8 +/- 5.6%; FEV 1: 93 +/- 13% predicted) and 10 age-matched CTRL subjects. Inspiratory capacity (IC) was also measured for the determination of dynamic hyperinflation during the steady state exercise bouts. The results indicate that while the absolute Qc values are lower in COPD and in CHF than in CTRL during 65% peak power cycling (11.30 +/- 2.38 vs 12.40 +/- 2.08 vs 15.63 +/- 2.15 L•min-1 respectively, p < 0.01), likely due to their lower exercise metabolic demand. The Qc/VO2 response to increasing levels of exercise intensity was lower or normal in CHF patients compared to CTRL, while normal or hyperdynamic in most COPD patients. Indeed, the majority of patients with COPD exhibited Qc/VO2 slopes greater than 7.0, which may be indicative of a peripheral muscle bioenergetic disturbance that may drive the need for greater oxygen delivery, and thus result in an exaggerated central circulatory response.
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Collins, Sinead. "Microalgal adaptation to changes in carbon dioxide." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100340.
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It is generally accepted that global levels of CO2 will roughly double over the next century. Because of their large population sizes and fast generation times, microalgae may adapt to global change through novel mutations fixed by natural selection, such that future populations may be genetically different from contemporary ones. The prediction that microalgae may respond evolutionarily to rising CO2 was tested using populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown for 1000 generations at increasing CO2. Laboratory populations grown at high CO2 did not show a direct response to selection at elevated CO2, instead evolving a range of non-adaptive syndromes. In addition, populations selected at elevated CO2 often grew poorly at ambient CO2. The same evolutionary responses were seen in natural populations isolated from CO2 springs. CO2 uptake was measured in a subset of the laboratory selection lines, which were found to have cells that either leaked CO2, had lost the ability to induce high-affinity CO 2 uptake, or both. These phenotypes were tentatively attributed to the accumulation of conditionally neutral mutations in genes involved in the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM). The high-CO2-selected phenotypes were found to be reversible in terms of fitness when populations were backselected in air, though wild-type regulation of the CCM was not regained. It has been suggested that phytoplankton adaptation to changes in CO2 levels is constrained by selective history. This was tested by culturing genetically distinct populations of Chlamydomonas at decreasing levels of CO2. In this case, divergence between lines was attributable to chance rather than selective history.
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Brusewitz, Göran. "The effect of remote emotion on receiver skin conductance:a failure to confirm." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8243.
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This study is an attempt to conceptually replicate a study by Ramakers, Stevens and Morris (2005) using a measure of electrodermal activity skin conductance (EDA) to evaluate the possibility of telepathy occurring between biologically and/or emotionally related senders and receivers. Ten negatively valenced and highly arousing target pictures were mixed with 10 blank control pictures in 10 blocks, with one of each kind in each block. The order of presentation of the target and control pictures within the block was determined randomly by a computer program. The series of 20 pictures were shown for the sender on a computer screen. Relaxation for the receiver was facilitated by soft music. It was hypothesized that there would be significantly more variance in the receiver EDA when the sender was exposed to negative arousing pictures, than to blank pictures. The results failed to show a significant difference in EDA variance between negative arousing and blank pictures, and did thus not support the telepathy hypothesis. It was recommended that future replications allocate more time for relaxation for the receiver.
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Burton, Colin Peter. "The legal consequences of failure to give effect to affirmative action measures." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012904.
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In South African law, affirmative action has been a very controversial topic over the years. 5 Controversial issues such as perceptions and reactions of affirmative action in the South African context are varied. 6 These reactions are often categorised as politically explosive and emotionally charged. 7 Most people fear the implications of affirmative action, more specifically the impact thereof on their individual positions within the workplace.8 Those who feel threatened by these measures, tend to question the political and ethical legitimacy thereof. 9 Those who stand to benefit from these measures often dislike the labelling associated with these measures. 10 Confusion also exits in greater society about relationship between the equal opportunity, black advancement, affirmative action and diversity management paradigms and related practices. The sources of conflicting reactions to affirmative action stem from individual, group and cultural believes and values which were both shaped by the political realities of the previous regime and the ideals people cherish for themselves in the current dispensation. Colonialist and apartheid laws, policies and practices which were racist and patriarchal provided for separate societies for blacks, whites, Indians and coloureds. 11 At this point in time separate labour systems with job reservation were applicable for whites. There were also wage differentiations between white and black people and between sexes. 12 Furthermore, disabled people were kept dependant and there were also discriminatory legislative provisions against them. 13 This history of systemic discrimination and its resulting inequality and entrenched disadvantage for black, coloured and Indian women and the disabled, was and still is well-known both nationally and internationally. 14 Internationally, apartheid has been extensively disapproved. Examples hereof include the United Nations that declared apartheid and its impact a “crime against humanity” and a negation of the United Nations Charter, 15 expressions of censure culminated in the adoption of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crimes of Apartheid16 and the expulsion of South Africa from the United Nations and its agencies. 17 Nationally, on the other hand, South Africa promulgated several legislative pieces namely, the Constitution, the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 and the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998.
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Sohail, Owais Arshad. "Object Oriented Failure Modes & effect Analysis : Climate System of Hybrid Vehicles." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, fysik och matematik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35750.
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In order to make the product more reliable and efficient, the failures and their occurrence related to the products should be reduced if not eliminated. To achieve that, the approach of Failure Modes Effects Analysis (FMEA) is used in the process development phase where all the aspects of the product failure are generated and studied. With the passage of time the systems began to become more complex and alone FMEA not good enough approach for the complex systems. To handle a complex system is a hard and tedious job which requires more expertise. In complex systems the individual system might have overlaps, their boundaries are often unclear. The computation of information and its transmission between the components is extensive. Object Oriented FMEA resolves these issues by identifying the structure and screening a proper boundary of the system. It looks deeply in to the operational environment and external shared resources. It then decomposes its functions and behaviors in to separable physical, logical and attributes objects. The OO-FMEA approach obeys to the objectives of modern product development process and its principles. This approach makes it comparatively much easier to analyze the complex auto-motive systems that are built in extensive electrical architecture. The systems components perform their task while being interacted, linked or even independent. In this thesis the OO-FMEA approach is implemented on the Climate System of the SPA Hybrid.
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Campbell, Les. "Effect of fatigue on torsional failure of nickel-titanium controlled memory instruments." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44903.
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Abstract
Introduction: This study was undertaken to understand how fatigue affects the torsional properties of both traditional nickel-titanium (NiTi) and nickel-titanium controlled memory (CM) files. Methods: Typhoon (TYP) 25.04 and 40.04 rotary files, in both NiTi and CM, were tested using a three-point bending apparatus to obtain the mean number of cycles to failure (mNCF). New files were precycled to four conditions (i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the mNCF) before torsional resistance tests were performed. Each file was exposed to torsional stress until failure, and at that point the torque and distortion angles were measured. The fracture surface of each fragment was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Results: The TYP CM files yielded a seven-fold improvement in mNCF over the TYP NiTi files (P ≤ 0.05). In both file sizes there was no difference in torque between the CM files and the conventional Ni-Ti files (P > 0.05). The torque of the size 40.04 files was significantly higher than the torque of the size 25/.04 files (P ≤ 0.05). In the 40.04 TYP files group, the 75% precycling group had a significantly lower torque to failure than the no precycling group (P ≤ 0.05). The CM files of both sizes had significantly higher distortion angles than the Ni-Ti files of both sizes (P ≤ 0.05). The 40.04 TYP CM files that were not precycled showed a significantly higher distortion angle than the precycled groups. The fractured files in the precycling groups showed the typical pattern of torsional failure. Conclusions: Cyclic fatigue has an effect on torsional fracture resistance of TYP and TYP CM files on size 40.04. TYP CM files displayed a similar torque value to TYP files but rotated a greater angle before fracture in both preloading and no preloading groups.
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Kellett, Richard. "The effect of adenosine antagonists on acute renal failure in the rat." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252662.
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Fayad, Walid R. (Walid Rahif). "Simulation of the effect of microstructure on electromigration induced failure of interconnects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45477.
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Gali, Nazha Kamel. "Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance and failure : a longitudinal analysis." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12618/.
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This thesis aimed to examine the longitudinal effects of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and each of its dimensions, innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking, on firm performance, among surviving and failed firms, as well as on the risk of firm failure. By utilising the theoretical framework of organisational learning theory and prospect theory, this thesis advances knowledge on EO by challenging the dominating EO-as-Advantage perspective. This research adopted a quantitative methodology by objectively measuring EO at the firm-level and examining its effects along a longitudinal timeframe from the pre-crisis (fiscal year 2000) to the post-crisis period (fiscal year 2014). The thesis utilised secondary data from Compustat and CRSP databases to collect financial and market information on a sample of US large firms in the high-technology industry. The sample consisted of a total of 742 firms with 5,011 observations. Study 1 used fixed effect panel regression to examine the effect of EO and its dimensions on short-term and long-term measures of firm performance over time in the sample of surviving firms versus the sample of failed firms. Study 2 of this thesis examined the effect of EO and each of its dimensions on the risk of firm failure. The analysis of the data for Study 2 was done by the Cox proportional Hazard regression. EO was shown to have an inverse U-shaped effect on performance among surviving firms and a negative effect on performance among failed firms. It was revealed that innovativeness had a significant positive effect on long-term performance; whereas proactiveness and risk taking had a significant negative effect on long-term performance. It was also shown that EO as well as its dimensions increased risk of failure over time. Such results provide evidence for the EO-as-Experimentation perspective and align with our predictions on EO from organisational learning theory and prospect theory.
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Caban, Priscilla Liza. "Effect of Home Telemonitoring on Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions Among Adult Hispanics." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4428.
Full textAbstract:
Heart failure is ranked as one of the leading causes of hospitalizations and mortality among adults of all racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Telemonitoring, as a homecare intervention for heart failure management, has been used across all groups although the benefit for Hispanics not established. The purpose of this retrospective, quantitative study was to determine the differences in hospital readmission between Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White patients with heart failure disease who either received or did not receive home telemonitoring services from a homecare agency in Connecticut. The research questions for this study examined the effect of home telemonitoring, race, age, gender, and insurance on heart failure hospitalization across the 3 groups. The chronic care model was used as the theoretical framework for this study because it offers a method for reforming healthcare to ensure optimization in chronic disease management. A purposive sample of 138 records of patients admitted between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2017 with a diagnosis of heart failure provided the data for the study. Data were analyzed by conducting a simple and multiple logistic regression analysis. The key findings of the simple logistic analysis showed that only Hispanics who used telemonitoring were almost 4 times less likely to be readmitted to the hospital compared to Hispanics who did not use telemonitoring (p = 0.04). The multiple logistic analysis revealed race, age, gender, and insurance were not significant predictors of readmissions (p > 0.05). The findings from this study may promote positive social change by providing healthcare providers with a better understanding of the effects of home telemonitoring for treating adult Hispanic patients with heart failure disease.
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Guimond-Perron, Gabriel. "The effect of immigration on bacterial adaptation : A perspective using antibiotic resistance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509951.
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Hickling, Helen Marie. "Effect of IGF-I receptor antagonists on the kidney in STZ-induced diabetes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312738.
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Lok, Lap-kwan Marco. "The effect of herbal medicine on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25101122.
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Silberstein, D. J. "The effect of renal failure on the elimination of drugs by the liver." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379649.
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Wahedi, Laila A. "The Toppler Effect : irregular leader transitions and the rate of state failure recovery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68968.
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Thesis (S.M. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science; and, (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86).
State failure is becoming increasingly prevalent across the globe, creating human suffering, black markets, lost economic opportunities, and safe havens for militant actors. It is imperative that the international community find a way to combat state failure. This study investigates the effects of irregular leadership transitions on state failure recovery. Irregular leadership transitions occur when the executive of a state comes to power through unconstitutional means. Regular leaders are more likely than irregular leaders to have personal experience as a ruler, beneficial domestic and international ties, and familiarity among the population. Irregular transitions may damage bureaucracies, damaging government functionality and halting development projects that had already been underway. Regular leaders benefit from a legacy that was likely able to pass spoils onto an elite group. This elite group is likely to resist relative losses to power more than lower status groups would fight to gain power because of the cognitive principles of risk aversion, and the sensitivity to status inherent to social identity theory. Regular leaders also have traditional legitimacy, while irregular leaders are more likely to have to gain legitimacy. State failure and failure recovery are overdetermined, so it is impossible to be able to confidently determine the direction of causal flow. Every determinant of failure is related to every other, and it is difficult to separate their effects. The role of leadership regularity is therefore investigated as a proxy that can predict variation on the rate of failure recovery. The quantitative analysis consisted of multi and bivariate regressions investigating the effects of leadership regularity on failure duration, as well as the relative explanatory power held by several factors associated with leadership regularity. Robustness checks were performed using Bayesian statistics, and survival analyses. Irregular leadership transitions were found to predict a roughly five year increase in state failure duration. The Afghan Civil War was used as an illustrative case, describing the ways in which Daoud, Taraki, Amin, Karmal, Massoud, Hekmatyar, and Mullah Omar all overcame, or failed to overcome, different obstacles associated with their irregularity and how these obstacles affected their relative levels of success attempting to extend governance.
by Laila A. Wahedi.
S.B.
S.M.and S.B.
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Mobuchon, Alain. "Effect of processing induced defects on the failure characteristics of graphite epoxy angles." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53235.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the bending strength and failure characteristics of AS4/3501-6 and AS4/1806 graphite/epoxy angles sections as a function of processing induced defects and porosity. The angle sections were removed from 30-inch long angles fabricated at Lockheed Georgia Company with two quasi-isotropic stacking sequences, (± 45/90₂/ ∓ 45/0₂), and (± 45/90₂ ∓ 45/0₂)₃. Various degrees of porosity were introduced into the angles using four processing techniques: a standard lay-up, a solvent wipe during lay-up, moisture introduction between plies during lay-up, and a low pressure cure cycle. Two 2.5-inch wide angle sections, each with a 1.5-inch short leg and a 3.0-inch long leg, were bonded together along their long leg to form a T-shaped specimen. Bending of the T-specimen was introduced by pressing up on the underside of the flanges while holding the base of the specimen fixed. The experimental results have shown a significant effect of the processing induced defects on the failure load and bending stiffness for AS4/3501-6 specimens, but not for AS4/1806 specimens.
An anisotropic analysis of the angle curved section was performed using Lekhnitskii's stress function approach. Stress and strain fields were studied and two failure criteria (Dual maximum stress and Tsai-Wu) were investigated in order to predict T-specimen failure load and failure mode. Reasonable correlation between prediction and experiments was found for the AS4/3501-6 (± 45/90₂/ ∓ 45/0₂)₃ T-specimens, but both failure criteria were found to be too conservative in predicting failure for the AS4/3501-6 (± 45/O₂/ ∓ 45/90₂)₃, T-specimens. The predicted failure modes were in good agreement with the experimental observations for both Iaminates.Master of Science
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Austin, Robert. "The effect of the fastener of different configuration composite panels on failure analysis." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/63.
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This study presents the effect of the stacking sequence and fiber orientation on a composite sandwich panel subjected to static in-plane bolt loading. Six plates were constructed with laminates of unidirectional carbon fiber and cross ply weaves of fiberglass. The orientations that were examined included 0, +/- 45, and 90 degrees. Half of the plates had fiberglass lamina on the outside of the laminate while the other three plates had the carbon fiber on the outside. Experimental and analytical tests were performed to determine the best orientations and stacking sequence.
For the numerical analysis, plates with fibers oriented at +/- 45 degrees showed the highest strength. The experimental data also showed high strengths for the +/- 45 degree plates. However the experimental data also showed high strengths for the 90 degree laminate but with very high displacements. These high displacements would not allow the joint to maintain its relative position to the adjacent part. The discrepancy between the strength of the FEA models and the experimental data is attributed to inaccurate strength properties. The effect of in situ strength and compression strength was found to have a significant effect on the accuracy of the FEA solution. Good correlation was found between the FEA and experimental data in predicting the trend of the stiffness of the plates.
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D, Fleming Anne H. "The effect of nutritional knowledge on nutritional intake in individuals with heart failure." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/182.
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Senior Honors Thesis (Nursing)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains 23 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-23 ). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Boisvert, Sophie, and Sophie Boisvert. "Adaptation culturelle et validation de l'échelle "The european heart failure self-care behaviour Scale-9" pour la population franco-canadienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26406.
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L’échelle European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale-9 (EHFScB-9) permet de mesurer les auto-soins en insuffisance cardiaque. Cette étude visait à adapter l’EHFScB-9 et à en évaluer la fidélité et la validité auprès de la population franco-canadienne. Suite à l’adaptation culturelle, la fidélité a été évaluée selon les critères de cohérence interne et de stabilité temporelle. La validité a été évaluée par une analyse factorielle et selon le critère de validité convergente/divergente. L’alpha de Cronbach (0,70) et l’agrément entre le test-retest est satisfaisant. L’analyse exploratoire pointait 2 facteurs : comportements de consultation et comportements liés à la santé. L’EHFScB-9 a démontré des corrélations significatives avec l’adhésion à la prise de médicaments, la pratique d’activité physique, les saines habitudes alimentaires et les habitudes de vie. Comme attendu, l’outil a démontré de faibles corrélations avec la qualité de vie. La version franco-canadienne a démontré des évidences de fidélité et de validité satisfaisantes.L’échelle European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale-9 (EHFScB-9) permet de mesurer les auto-soins en insuffisance cardiaque. Cette étude visait à adapter l’EHFScB-9 et à en évaluer la fidélité et la validité auprès de la population franco-canadienne. Suite à l’adaptation culturelle, la fidélité a été évaluée selon les critères de cohérence interne et de stabilité temporelle. La validité a été évaluée par une analyse factorielle et selon le critère de validité convergente/divergente. L’alpha de Cronbach (0,70) et l’agrément entre le test-retest est satisfaisant. L’analyse exploratoire pointait 2 facteurs : comportements de consultation et comportements liés à la santé. L’EHFScB-9 a démontré des corrélations significatives avec l’adhésion à la prise de médicaments, la pratique d’activité physique, les saines habitudes alimentaires et les habitudes de vie. Comme attendu, l’outil a démontré de faibles corrélations avec la qualité de vie. La version franco-canadienne a démontré des évidences de fidélité et de validité satisfaisantes.
The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale-9 (EHFScB-9) measures heart failure self-care. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the EHFScB-9 for the French Canadian population. After the step of cultural adaptation, reliability was assessed according to internal consistency and temporal stability criteria. Validity was assessed by factorial analysis and on the basis of convergent / divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha (0.70) and the agreement between the test-retest is adequate. Exploratory factor analysis suggested two factors: consulting behaviours and health behaviours. The EHFScB-9 has demonstrated statistically significant correlations with adherence to drug intake, physical activity, good dietary habits and good lifestyle habits. As expected, the tool demonstrated low correlations with the quality of life. The French-Canadian version of the EHFScB-9 showed satisfactory psychometric properties.
The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale-9 (EHFScB-9) measures heart failure self-care. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the EHFScB-9 for the French Canadian population. After the step of cultural adaptation, reliability was assessed according to internal consistency and temporal stability criteria. Validity was assessed by factorial analysis and on the basis of convergent / divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha (0.70) and the agreement between the test-retest is adequate. Exploratory factor analysis suggested two factors: consulting behaviours and health behaviours. The EHFScB-9 has demonstrated statistically significant correlations with adherence to drug intake, physical activity, good dietary habits and good lifestyle habits. As expected, the tool demonstrated low correlations with the quality of life. The French-Canadian version of the EHFScB-9 showed satisfactory psychometric properties.
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Sagoe-Crentsil, Kofi. "Depressurization and deformation characteristics of a bursting pipe : The effect of surrounding fluids." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29383.
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Shaw, Dallas Eugene Jr. "Harsh and Philanthropic War: U.S. Success and Failure in Third Party Counterinsurgency." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89927.
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Before 1950, the United States intervened in large scale counterinsurgencies twice as often and intervened almost exactly as long as interventions after 1950. Yet, U.S. supported states developed before 1950 tended to survive an average thirty years after U.S. withdrawal. In contrast, U.S. supported states after 1950 have tended to survive only three years. The central question of this examination is why did U.S. military counterinsurgency (COIN) interventions before 1950 produce host-nation governments and host nation security forces that tended to endure ten times longer than interventions after 1950?
My central argument is that when the U.S. military deeply embeds within and inhabits host-nation institutions (institution inhabiting strategies) then, state longevity improves in the course of counterinsurgency (COIN) interventions. Inversely, when the U.S. military employs strategies of lower embeddedness (institution influencing strategies) then, state longevity decreases in the course of counterinsurgency (COIN) interventions. I compare cases of intervention in tabula rasa or erased governance in the Philippines 1898-1913 and Iraq 2003-2010. The former employed high degrees of embeddedness in both governance and security development and the latter low degrees in both. I also compare cases of intervention in existing governance in Nicaragua 1912-1933 and Vietnam 1964-1972. The former employed a high degree of embeddedness in host-nation security force development and a low degree in host-nation government development while and the latter employed low degrees in both. My research finds a correlation between degree of embeddedness in developing security and governance and state longevity after withdrawal of U.S. forces.
The implications for this study are salient today. Where state fragility has progressed to the point where intervention by conventional military force is required to arrest it, institution influencing strategies like Advise and Assist are insufficient. And while trusteeship forms of relation have been largely dismissed since decolonization, the apparent efficaciousness of neo-trusteeships and shared sovereignty relationships in places like Kosovo, East Timor, and Sierra Leone hold out the promise of more effectual strategies for state building in counterinsurgency interventions.PHD
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Younus, Md Aboul Fazal. "Community-based autonomous adaptation and vulnerability to extreme floods in Bangladesh: processes, assessment and failure effects." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/62746.
Full textAbstract:
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (2007), especially Chapter 17: Assessment of Adaptation Practices, Options, Constraints and Capacity demonstrates the importance of adaptation to climate change. The IPCC (2007) warned that the megadelta basins in South Asia, such as the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) will be at greatest risk due to increased flooding, and that the region’s poverty would reduce its adaptation capacity. A key issue in assessing vulnerability and adaptation (V & A) in response to extreme flood events (EFEs) in the GBM river basin is the concept of autonomous adaptation.
This thesis investigates autonomous adaptation using a multi-method technique which includes two participatory rapid appraisals (PRA), a questionnaire survey of 140 participant analyses over 14 mauzas in the case study area, group and in-depth discussions and a literature review.
The study has four key approaches. First, it reviews the flood literature for Bangladesh from 1980 to 2009 and identifies a general description of flood hazard characteristics, history and research trends, causes of floods, and types of floods. Second, it examines farmers’ crop adaptation processes in a case study area at Islampur, Bangladesh, in response to different types of EFEs (multi-peak with longer duration flood, single-peak with shorter duration flood and single-peak at the period of harvesting), and describes how farmers have been adapting to the extreme floods over time. Third, it assesses the V&A in response to three EFEs in 1998, 1995 and 1988. V&A are categorized on the basis of a weighted matrix index. The thesis uses PRA methodology and makes an important methodological contribution for assessing V & A. Fourth, the thesis assesses the economic consequences of failure effects of autonomous adaptation in response to EFEs. The results show that Bangladeshi farmers are highly resilient to EFEs, but the economic consequences of failure effects of autonomous crop adaptation (FEACA) on marginal farmers are large. These failure effects are defined as total crop loss against potential production, plus total agricultural cost multiplied by the number of flood events
in the studied area. Total agricultural cost includes cost of seedlings, fertilizer, pesticides, land preparation, human labour, and watering. The thesis estimates that the crop related loss plus plants and houses damaged due to extreme flooding in 1998 in Bangladesh was US$14001.26 million.
The thesis contributes to current knowledge by filling three important research gaps as follows, 1) farmers’ autonomous crop adaptation processes in response to various types of EFEs; 2) methodological contribution for assessing V & A through PRA; and 3) the economic consequences of the failure effects of autonomous crop adaptations. The findings of this study can act as a guide to policy decisions for effective allocation of adaptation funds at community level in Bangladesh. The thesis concludes that urgent action is needed to improve the sustainable crop adaptation capacity at community level in the foreseeable future to cope with extreme floods under a regime of climate change.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2010
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Ho, Chao-Wei, and 何照偉. "Intelligent Failure Mode and Effect Analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54228g.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
機電工程學系
106
In recent years, with the vigorous development of various industries, increasingly fierce market competition, and increasingly stringent customer requirements, companies must improve the quality of their products and after-sales services in order to win better reputation, product advantages, and reliability. However, the traditional quality inspection methods are passive and post-repair, rather than active and preventive. Therefore, when a problem is discovered after quality inspection, the company’s losses have already occurred. At this moment, the action of failure improvement is only to reduce the degree of loss. If the product’s production quality can be actively or prevented, then potential problems can be eliminated before manufacturing, or sudden problems can be quickly resolved, and thus minimizing the losses. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a well-established and universally used tool for proactive or preventive measures of risk. Generally, when the FMEA is introduced, the person in charge of the FMEA will collaborate with the relevant staffs and form the FMEA team. However, each person in the group will have different ideas because of different education. Therefore, when judging risk scores, they often give different scoring numbers, and the use of vocabulary to describe fairures may not be the same at the time of writing, resulting in failure to correctly analyze the follow-up procedures. Therefore, "the scoring system cannot be judged objectively" and "the vocabulary is not uniform" is a problem to be improved in this study. It is noted that human problems will be improved by the way of voice recognition input and machine learning techniques. In this study, the cause of failure was improved when the FMEA was introduced. Using R language to implement the machine learning classification method, analyzing the accuracy of the severity, incidence, and detection scores in the FMEA, using the RStudio compiler to coding the R language to perform the classification method, and using the historical FMEA score database as the training data for the machine Learning, expecting to effectively reduce the errors of artificial subjective judgments made by FMEA users, thereby increasing the accuracy, occurrence, and accuracy of detection scores in FMEA. The use of voice recognition input and vocabulary library, to achieve vocabulary unification, and to reduce the time and resources of the implementation of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), thus to do an intelligent analysis of failure modes and effects.
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Chen-Yu, Dr Lin, and 林貞瑜. "The Effect of Product Knowledge on Service Failure Type and Service Failure Recovery." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91749579781943016294.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立澎湖科技大學
服務業經營管理研究所
97
Abstract When products or services fail, it is important for the organization to provide customer service to rectify the problem. The consumer’s opinion is affected by his or her experiences with the product or service. Since the company’s response to product or service failure is one of the most important factors, it makes this topic a worthwhile study. In the past, the research of service failure and recovery which discussed more than in types of service failures to satisfaction with service recovery on the views, and less joined the possible influence to proceed the research. Therefore, this study except that discuss types of service failures to satisfaction with service recovery on the views, a person on satisfaction with service recovery on the views to be fair or not which it’s different from person to person. This research used the difference from person to person " product knowledge "to understand the impact of factors on the recovery satisfaction. This study selects situation experiment for product type (type of service products and entity products), customer product of knowledge of high and low and two kinds of type of service failure (the types of result failure and procedure failure ) to design four experiments. occurrence of result failure and procedures failure to fair recovery of result, and the four experiment are types of entity products for the occurrence of result failure to fair recovery of result . The results confirm that in different types of products and failure all indicate that the customer have highly product of knowledge for service recovery easier to satisfy and accept than customer have lowly product of knowledge for service recovery. Therefore, this research suggests enterprise should set up customer relation products and knowledge of service, and that will be smoothly and easily in the service failure of processing to gain customer’s pardon and satisfaction. Keywords: service failure, service recovery, product knowledge, customer satisfaction
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Jhou, Ting-Huel, and 周庭輝. "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of ERP Systems." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hqyb4x.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
動力機械工程系機械與機電工程碩士班
106
In recent years, China’s rise has led to the fact that many small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan see orders being taken away by China. I On top of this, these enterprises face issues including decline of their industries, the need to increase their market shares, and increasingly higher functional requirements and expectations from their customers. These issues have forced many enterprises to consider how to increase profits, reduce manufacturing costs and inventory storage, arrange manufacturing processes quickly, meet customer needs and expectations, and improve corporate operational processes and quality of service. Therefore, for an enterprise, basic tasks of each department and departmental operational processes all need to be integrated. To integrate resources and correct information that each department has, many enterprises have introduced enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. This paper analyzes issues that may occur following the introduction of an ERP system. This paper mainly analyzes failure modes in an ERP system following its introduction by performing failure mode analysis on function modules mainly used in an ERP system and identifies a risk priority number by calculating it, which can serve as a reference value for setup of a smart factory. This study employs the Six Sigma approach for analysis, the approach to the Define phase in Six Sigma for analytical simulation, and tools including fishbone diagrams and FMEA in the analytical process to eliminate failure modes that may occur during the use of an ERP system in each process step and thus increase the efficiency of use of the system.