Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Failles normales'
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Bussolotto, Maura. "Paramètres de contrôle des mécanismes de la déformation associés aux failles normales en contexte carbonaté : deux cas d'étude : la faille de Gubbio (Italie) et les failles de la marge sud du Golfe de Corinthe (Grèce)." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066269.
Full textPochat, Stéphane. "Escarpement de faille synsédimentaire : perturbations des écoulements gravitaires sous-marins et détermination de la cinématique des failles." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10024.
Full textPacchiani, Francesco. "Etude sismologique des failles normales actives du Rift de Corinthe." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01576334.
Full textThe research work effectuated in the present thesis aims to constrain the deformation mecanisms in the context of continental extension by carrying out an analysis of the geometry of the active faults at depth as well as by studying the relation between faults, seismicity and fluids. The study region is the Corinth Rift (Greece) whose microseismicity of year 2001 has been relocated by spectral analysis, thereby enabling a high resolution image of the active structures at depth. From the study of the geometry of the relocated seismicity, we show, first, the existence of a fault zone whose surfacet trace coincides with the Kerinitis Valley, where we propose that it outcrops second, that the Aigion Fault is not listric down to 6. 5 km depth and third we suggest a correlation between the dip and the depth of the rift's multiplets. The spatio-temporal study of the 2001 seismic crisis shows a 0. 02 km/day migration of the seismicity towards the surface that we propose related to fluid motion at depth. The estimated rock permeability, 7 x 10e-13 m^2, is coherent with other estimates as well as with the supposed permeability of tectonically stable crust. Moreover a program, MOMAG, has been developed to calculate the moment magnitude. The resulting overall b value in the rift, b=1. 35, shows that at depth the medium is heterogeneous. The diverse results obtained confirm the generally accepted Corinth Rift model: the extension is accommodated by planar faults at the surface and by a weakly dipping structure at depth, assimilated to a detachment. Furthermore, they evidence the fault heterogeneity and the involvement of fluids in the extensional deformation mecanisms
Pochat, Stéphane. "Escarpement de faille synsédimentaire : perturbation des écoulements gravitaires sous-marins et détermination de la cinématique des failles /." Rennes : Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes I, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39137852j.
Full textRoche, Vincent. "Architecture et croissance des failles dans les alternances argilo-calcaires : exemples dans les alternances du Bassin du Sud-Est (France)et modélisation numérique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066571.
Full textGhalayini, Ramadan. "Structural modelling of the complex Cenozoic zone of the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066316.pdf.
Full textThe Levant Basin is located at the easternmost Mediterranean at the intersection of three major tectonic plates (Africa, Arabia, Eurasia and the smaller Anatolian microplate). The Levant Fracture System (Arabia-Africa plate boundary) borders the basin to its east and represents a 1000 km long left-lateral transform system linking rifting in the Red Sea with plate convergence along the Taurus Mountains (Arabia-Eurasia plate boundary). The Levant Basin is bordered to the north by the Cyprus Arc (Africa-Eurasia plate boundary). The interaction between these tectonic plates had important consequences on the evolution of the Levant Basin whereby its eastern boundary has been affected by deformation along the Levant Fracture System. This major plate boundary is associated with a restraining bend in Lebanon and has been active since the Late Miocene. Until recent days, the absence of seismic data in the central Levant Basin was an obstacle against characterizing the tectonic setting of the basin. In this area, the geometry, kinematics and the age of the tectonic structures are poorly understood. A focal question thus remains on how the Levant Basin was affected by this adjacent plate boundary. Therefore, what is the impact of the deformation along the Levant Fracture System since the Late Miocene on this basin and how can we assess it? Has the latter been affected by other tectonic regimes prior to the onset of transpression? If so, how would the existing structures influence the style of modern deformation? In this study, high quality 2D and 3D seismic reflection data (with two 4290 m3 3D seismic cubes and seven 830 km long 2D seismic lines) were interpreted allowing identification and timing of the structures in the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon. Several fault families, mapped along the margin, are remnants of a lasting and complex tectonic history since Mesozoic times. These include NNE-SSW striking thrust faults active during the early Tertiary and inactive since the Pliocene; NNE-SSW striking anticlines folded during the Late Miocene and overlying pre-existing structuresd; and ENE-WSW striking dextral strike-slip faults inherited from Mesozoic times and reactivated during the Late Miocene. Only the dextral strike-slip faults show evidence of current activity and are interpreted to be linked to transpression along the Levant Fracture System. They constitute the westward extension of the plate boundary, formed under a transpressif regime and a NW-SE compression. We have showed how this plate boundary has evolved through the Neogene with a decrease in the shortening component during the Pliocene.The identification of pre-existing structures along the eastern Levant margin shed the light on the deep structuration affecting this area, inherited from Mesozoic tectonic events. The impact of these structures was tested through analogue modeling. Results indicated a considerable impact of pre-existing structures on the development of the restraining bend, localizing deformation at the onset of transpression and responsible of segmenting the restraining bend along an ENE direction. These ENE-WSW faults are thus major and are most likely associated with the deformation affecting the Palmyra basin since the Mesozoic, which is thus extending westward to Lebanon. This study has shown the important role of a margin on a strike-slip plate boundary. Namely, the development of antithetic faults (local dextral strike-slip faults in a regional sinistral strike-slip plate boundary) known in other similar plate boundaries is associated with a deep crustal anisotropy localizing the subsequent deformation
Ghalayini, Ramadan. "Structural modelling of the complex Cenozoic zone of the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066316/document.
Full textThe Levant Basin is located at the easternmost Mediterranean at the intersection of three major tectonic plates (Africa, Arabia, Eurasia and the smaller Anatolian microplate). The Levant Fracture System (Arabia-Africa plate boundary) borders the basin to its east and represents a 1000 km long left-lateral transform system linking rifting in the Red Sea with plate convergence along the Taurus Mountains (Arabia-Eurasia plate boundary). The Levant Basin is bordered to the north by the Cyprus Arc (Africa-Eurasia plate boundary). The interaction between these tectonic plates had important consequences on the evolution of the Levant Basin whereby its eastern boundary has been affected by deformation along the Levant Fracture System. This major plate boundary is associated with a restraining bend in Lebanon and has been active since the Late Miocene. Until recent days, the absence of seismic data in the central Levant Basin was an obstacle against characterizing the tectonic setting of the basin. In this area, the geometry, kinematics and the age of the tectonic structures are poorly understood. A focal question thus remains on how the Levant Basin was affected by this adjacent plate boundary. Therefore, what is the impact of the deformation along the Levant Fracture System since the Late Miocene on this basin and how can we assess it? Has the latter been affected by other tectonic regimes prior to the onset of transpression? If so, how would the existing structures influence the style of modern deformation? In this study, high quality 2D and 3D seismic reflection data (with two 4290 m3 3D seismic cubes and seven 830 km long 2D seismic lines) were interpreted allowing identification and timing of the structures in the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon. Several fault families, mapped along the margin, are remnants of a lasting and complex tectonic history since Mesozoic times. These include NNE-SSW striking thrust faults active during the early Tertiary and inactive since the Pliocene; NNE-SSW striking anticlines folded during the Late Miocene and overlying pre-existing structuresd; and ENE-WSW striking dextral strike-slip faults inherited from Mesozoic times and reactivated during the Late Miocene. Only the dextral strike-slip faults show evidence of current activity and are interpreted to be linked to transpression along the Levant Fracture System. They constitute the westward extension of the plate boundary, formed under a transpressif regime and a NW-SE compression. We have showed how this plate boundary has evolved through the Neogene with a decrease in the shortening component during the Pliocene.The identification of pre-existing structures along the eastern Levant margin shed the light on the deep structuration affecting this area, inherited from Mesozoic tectonic events. The impact of these structures was tested through analogue modeling. Results indicated a considerable impact of pre-existing structures on the development of the restraining bend, localizing deformation at the onset of transpression and responsible of segmenting the restraining bend along an ENE direction. These ENE-WSW faults are thus major and are most likely associated with the deformation affecting the Palmyra basin since the Mesozoic, which is thus extending westward to Lebanon. This study has shown the important role of a margin on a strike-slip plate boundary. Namely, the development of antithetic faults (local dextral strike-slip faults in a regional sinistral strike-slip plate boundary) known in other similar plate boundaries is associated with a deep crustal anisotropy localizing the subsequent deformation
Pinzuti, Paul. "Croissance et propagation des failles normales dans le rift d'Asal-Ghoubbet par datation cosmogénique 36CI." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GLOB0020.
Full textBellahsen, Nicolas. "Croissance des failles normales et des rifts continentaux : développement du Golfe d'Aden et dynamique de la plaque Arabe." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590417.
Full textFlotté, Nicolas. "Caractérisation structurale et cinématique d'un rift sur détachement : le rift de Corinthe-Patras, Grèce." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112132.
Full textA structural study of the southern margin of the Corinth rift shows the existence of a quaternary detachment fault, which outcrops along 150km in the northern Peloponnese, from the Saronic gulf to the Patras gulf. Its onshore part is inactive. It dips 30-35ʿN, flats northward till 0-10ʿN and progressively increases beneath the gulf. Steeper normal faults cut through the hangingwall of the detachment and progressively branched onto it. Balanced cross-sections suggest that the onshore detachment prolonged beneath the gulf in the low-angle seismological zone. Since 300ky, the Psathopyrgos, Helike and Aigion active faults transfer the slip from the detachment to the surface. The emergence of the detachment initiated from east to west 1. 7-1My ago, and is sealed since roughly 900ky. The strain has progressively migrated toward the north on several fault-system which remained active during 250-400ky. In the gulf of Patras, seismological data show that the emergence of the detachment is still active. This differential evolution is accommodated by transfer-faults and led to the 25km shift of the Patras and Corinth gulfs. A study of fault-crystallisations shows that syntectonic breccias are cemented by two generations of calcite. The first was formed with formation water at a depth of more than 1200m and the second generation was formed with meteoric-water at a depth of 500-1000m. These data allow determining an uplift rate of 1. 7-2. 5mm/y. This result is close to uplift rates determined near the coast. Dating of these calcites by the U/Th method confirms the young age of the Corinth-Patras rift. The results show that this method is a reliable way for quaternary faults
Ben, Jemiaa Mohamed. "Évolution tectonique de la zone de failles Trozza-Labeied (Tunisie centrale)." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112342.
Full textMarchal, Denis. "Approche spatio-temporelle des mécanismes de la propagation des failles normales : des modélisations analogiques à la sismique 3D." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10270.
Full textIn petroleum geology, normal faulting is a major process in the formation of oil traps in extensional domains. Evaluating the quantities of hydrocarbons trapped, especially at the edges of structures, requires thorough knowledge of the 3D geometry of fault tips and their propagation mechanisms. To study the propagation mecanisms of normal faults, two types of analog modeling are conducted here: (1) propagation tests of pre-existing fauHs in translucid analog materials with video monitoring and (2) extensional deformation of two-Iayer sand/silicone scale models with X-ray tomograph imaging (medical scanner). This type of approach makes it possible to analyze fault propagation mechanisms in three dùnensions over the course oftime. The results are used to develop a conceptual model of the propagation of neoformed normal faults within a spatio-temporal (4D) framework. Whichever type of analogue model is used, secondary faults arranged in en échelon patterns arise at the tips of the main fault. Normal fault propagation mechanisms results mainly from connection processes between the secondary faults, between secondary faults and the main fault, and from the junction of two main faults. These connection processes are the source of the different types of undulation observed on fault planes. To validate the theoretical model, detailed morphology of natural neoformed normal faults is analysed by means of 3D seismic blocks (Niger Delta, Gulf of Gabes) and field examples (Oklo, Gabon). The natural extensional structures are interpreted using 4D sequences developed by analog modeling. The influence of the structural heritage (reactivation of a deep fault) on the geometry and propagation of neoformed normal faults is also considered
Tesson, Jim. "Histoire sismique des failles normales de la région du Lazio-Abruzzo (Italie) : implications sur la variabilité spatiale et temporelle du glissement sismique au sein d'un système de faille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0050.
Full textThe use of $^{36}$Cl cosmogenic nuclide as a paleo-seismological tool to determine the seismic history of normal faults provide continuous records over the past 10 000 to 20 000 yrs. The modeling of the $^{36}$Cl concentrations measured at the surface of an exhumed fault-plane allows determining the age and the displacement of the past seismic events that successively exhumed the fault-plane. The available modeling approach is however unable to attest for the unicity of the inferred scenario, which makes the estimate of the associated uncertainties difficult. An other limitation concerns the long-term history of the fault-plane prior its post-glacial exhumation (inheritance), that is not fully accounted for in this model (Schlagenhauf et al., 2010). We have developed a reappraisal of this model that accounts for the inheritance history, and includes a procedure of data inversion to 1) determine all parameters of the exhumation history at once, 2) attest for the unicity of the proposed scenario, and 3) precisely determine the associated uncertainties. Applying our new modeling to 11 normal faults previously studied in Central Apennines, we observe a large variability of their seismic activity over the last 10 000 - 45 000 yrs, with slip-rate acceleration reaching 2-20 times their long-term slip-rate. In particular, our results suggest that the seismic activity of normal faults in Central Apennines could be controlled by intrinsic properties of the faults (such as their long-term slip-rate, fault-length, segmentation, state of structural maturity), and by visco-elastic stress transfers between faults
Kali, Elise. "De la déformation long-terme à court-terme sur les failles normales du Sud-Tibet : approche géochronologique multi-méthodes (10Be,26Al,(U-Th)/He,40Ar/39Ar,U/Pb)." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/KALI_Elise_2010.pdf.
Full textSchlagenhauf, Aloé. "Identification des forts séismes passés sur les failles normales actives de la région Lazio-Abruzzo (Italie Centrale) par ‘datations cosmogéniques' (36Cl) de leurs escarpements." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461004.
Full textSoliva, Roger. "Croissance des failles normales dans les séries stratifiées hétérogènes : rôle de la restriction verticale et de la coalescence sur les lois d'échelles et la distribution spatiale des failles : exemples naturels et approche théorique." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112156.
Full text?Our field data analysis from different fault systems in various rheological contexts show that two fundamental processes strongly influence fault growth: (i) fault vertical restriction at stratigraphic barriers and (ii) their linkage. Analysis of vertical and horizontal sections of fault populations in layered rocks shows that vertically restricted faults at plastic barriers have low displacement gradient values on the major parts of their planes. We observe a transition from a linear to a power-law relationship between displacement and along strike trace length. The combination of field data and 3-D post yield fracture mechanics shows that this transition is due to the increase of fault aspect ratio (length/height). The displacement gradient drop occurring during the development of a vertically restricted fault is interpreted as the mechanism that limits their horizontal propagation. In homogeneous media, our analysis reveals the strong dependence of fault linkage in (i) fault displacement and (ii) fault separation. Collection of data from the literature suggests that a simple linkage criterion can be established. 3-D numerical modeling approve the previous results and suggests that fault linkage can be self-similar on a broad range of scale. In layered heterogeneous media, the analysis of vertically restricted normal faults shows that segment linkage is limited at a critical value of fault separation, which is in turn a function of the mechanical thickness. Both the thickness of a mechanical unit and the rheology of the barrier levels seems to be the main controlling factors of the 3-D fault distribution
Lecomte, Emmanuel. "Détachements et failles normales a faible pendage : cinématique et localisation de la déformation, approche de terrain et modélisation numérique. Exemple des Cyclades." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567978.
Full textLecomte, Emmanuel. "Détachements et failles normales à faible pendage : cinématique et localisation de la déformation. Approche de terrain et modélisation numérique. Exemple des Cyclades." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066470.
Full textStrak, Vincent. "L'évolution du relief le long des escarpements de faille normale active : observations, modélisations expérimentales et numériques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750065.
Full textMargirier, Audrey. "Tectonique et processus d’exhumation des Cordillères Blanche et Noire en contexte de subduction horizontale (Nord Pérou)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU023/document.
Full textMy thesis focuses on the mechanisms that controlled the uplift and construction of the relief in the northern Peruvian Andes. In this area, the Cordillera Blanca forms the highest peaks in Peru (> 6000 m), which is a topographic anomaly across the Andes. The morphology of the Cordillera Blanca is marked by an elongated pluton, which outcrops over 150 km. In addition, this pluton is bordered by the largest normal fault from South America. The presence of this major normal fault in a flat-slab context remains surprising because flat slabs usually induce an increase of the shortening in the overriding plate. The aim of my work is to characterize the variations of the regional stress field, the age of the uplift and discuss the geodynamic processes that contributed to relief building. To address these issues, I used a multidisciplinary approach involving new field data, their analysis and modeling.My microtectonic dataset reveals regional extension above the Peruvian flat-slab. This data contradicts the expected increase of shortening in the overriding plate. Modeling my new thermochronologic data shows an increase in the exhumation rates induced by the uplift of the Cordillera Occidental since 15 Ma. I propose that the regional uplift relates to the flattening of the subduction and associated dynamic topography.To address the impact of the Miocene arc on the uplift at a more local scale, I compiled the cooling ages of the pluton available in the literature. In parallel, I obtained the first amphibole thermo-barometry data that constrains emplacement depth of the Cordillera Blanca batholith. Following these data, I propose that the batholith is structured in eastward-tilted sills. In addition, modeling of the space and time variations of erosion rates based on the inversion of thermochronologic data indicates that erosion rates significantly increased in the Cordillera Blanca since 2 Ma. The Miocene arc seems to insignificantly contribute to the local uplift despite its contribution to the thickening of the lithosphere. Thus, I suggest that the recent glacial erosion contributes to the exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca and subsequent tilting of the batholith.Then, I modeled the landscape evolution for the Cordillera Blanca region to quantify the contribution of erosion in the relief building and the uplift. My numerical models (FastScape) evidence the importance of erosion and associated flexural rebound in fostering relief building and the uplift rates.Finally, based on all available data, I propose a new regional model to explain the Cordillera Blanca normal fault. This model implies an extrado normal fault and erosion of the footwall
Shahidi, Alireza. "Evolution tectonique du nord de l'Iran (Alborz et Kopet-Dagh) depuis le Mésozoïque." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066249.
Full textRouby, Delphine. "Restauration en carte des domaines faillés en extension. Méthode et applications." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675437.
Full textChevalier, Francis. "Vitesse et cyclicité de fonctionnement des failles normales de rift : implication sur le remplissage stratigraphique des bassins et sur les modalités d'extension d'une marge passive fossile : aplication au demi-graben liasique de Bourg-d'Oisans (Alpes occidentales, France)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877244.
Full textChevalier, Francis. "Vitesse et cyclicité de fonctionnement des failles normales de rift : implication sur le remplissage stratigraphique des bassins et sur les modalités d'extension d'une marge passive fossile : aplication au demi-graben liasique de Bourg-d'Oisans (Alpes occidentales, France)." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS043.
Full textPerfettini, Hugo. "Frottement sur une faille : influence des fluctuations de la contrainte normale." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066568.
Full textSpokeviciute, Laima. "The determinants of bank failures in normal and crisis times and the resolution of failed banks." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15469/.
Full textLamontagne, Éric. "Étude hydromécanique d'une fracture en cisaillement sous contrainte normale constante /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textGonzalez, Miguel. "Nature and origin of sedimentary deposits in the Ecuador subduction trench : paleoseismological implications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B009/document.
Full textRecent deep marine sedimentation in subduction trenches is characterized by the inter-stratification of hemipelagic and turbidite sediments locally interbedded with debris flow, which can result from continental slope shaking triggered by earthquakes. The active margin of Ecuador comprises tectonic erosion that contributes to the formation of a deep trench filled by a complex suite of sedimentary facies. Gravity flow sedimentation is ubiquitous along the margin and facies range from laterally continuous m-thick mass transport deposits to isolated cm-thick turbidites intercalated with hemipelagite, volcanoclastics and tephra. In this study we show interpretation of swath bathymetry, high-resolution seismic profiles and petrophysical data from cores. The objective is to describe the morphologic complexity on the Ecuadorian border of the Nazca plate where a set of deep marine asperities is subducting at different scales, and their consequences on the distribution of sediments in the different sub-basins. Ecuadorian margin comprises three geomorphological segments: The northern segment, northward of the Carnegie Ridge, is characterized by a wide (5-10 km) and deep trench (3800 – 4000 m), a gentler gullied continental slope and a shelf (10-40 km wide) with active subsidence. The central segment facing the Carnegie Ridge, is strongly influenced by the subduction of the Carnegie ridge which induces a narrow (0–5 km wide) and shallow trench (3100 – 3700 m depth), a steep and gullied slope with no canyons and a 15–40 km wide shelf characterized by areas with active subsidence and uplift. Finally, the southern segment, southward of the Carnegie Ridge, presents a wide (5–10 km) and deep (4000–4700 m) trench, a starved continental slope with well-defined canyon systems and a wide subsiding shelf (20–50 km). The sedimentary dynamics along the margin is evaluated by the analysis of 15 cores. Visual description, high-resolution photographs, X-Ray imagery, XRF data and petrophysical properties led to the identification of 11 sedimentary facies that characterize seven sedimentary processes: turbidites, hemipelagites, tephras, debris flows, homogenites, slumps, and ooze carbonate deposits. Age of the deposits is defined by radiocarbon age dating of hemipelagic sediments. Ages range from 500 to 48,000 years BP. High-resolution seismic profiles allow definition of three echo-facies: transparent, layered and chaotic. Transparent echo-facies is mainly associated to homogenite deposits, layered echo-facies is associated to the turbiditic-hemipelagic interbedded deposits and chaotic echo-facies is associated to reworked gravity flow deposits. The trench fill represents a lacunar but important record of the subduction margin history. Large eastward debris flows in the lower two sequences of the trench fill are provided by the trench outer wall as a results of slope failures along normal faults due to the downward bending of the oceanic plate. The sediment of the upper sequence of the trench fill draping the trench floor, are largely provided by the inner trench wall strongly controlled by the Carnegie Ridge. As a result, depth, frequency, thickness, composition and lateral disposition of the deposits vary greatly from those at north and south. The large, simple mega-beds like slump, debris flows and homogenites are located at the northern and southern segments. They were triggered by large regional faults in the North and enhanced by the activity of sets of splay faults in the South overhanging the seafloor at the slope toe. Small-size, fluid rich events were triggered by subduction of isolated seamounts at the edges of the Carnegie Ridge due to frequent but small destabilizations of an inner trench wall preconditioned by the impacts of successive seamounts. Sets of partly volcanoclastic turbidites in central segment might have been triggered by the complex interaction of slope and continental shelf deformation by seamount subduction
Armijo, Rolando. "Mecanismes des deformations quaternaires au tibet : cinematique de la collision inde-asie." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077217.
Full textHemelsdaël, Romain. "Évolution spatio-temporelle du couplage entre système fluviatile et rifting : étude du rift de Corinthe (Grèce)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0141/document.
Full textRivers behaviour during early rifting can significantly impact on syn-rift sedimentation and the distribution of subsidence. During normal fault growth, existing rivers can be diverted toward subsiding zones. They can respond to footwall uplift either by reversing their flow or by incising into uplifting zones. Long-lived river systems and their stratigraphic record in rifts are poorly documented, not only during early fault propagation and linkage processes but also during successive migrating phases of fault activity. We investigate the interactions of major antecedent rivers with a growing normal fault system and the implications for facies distributions, both on a basin scale and at the scale of individual normal fault blocks. Along the southern margin of the western Corinth rift (Greece), the Plio-Pleistocene fluvial and deltaic successions are investigated. Syn-rift deposits are preserved in a series of uplifted normal fault blocks (10–20 km long, 3–7 km wide). Detailed sedimentary logging and high resolution mapping of the syn-rift deposits document variations of alluvial architecture across the basin and enable to define lithostratigraphic units. Magnetostratigraphy and rare biostratigraphic data are used to date and correlate the alluvial succession between fault blocks. Burial ages were tentatively determined using cosmogenic isotopes 10Be and 26Al produced in situ in quartz grains. Based on the correlation model, we reconstruct the evolution of the early western Corinth rift between about 3.6 and 1.8 Ma. (1) The transverse and antecedent Kalavryta river system flowed and deposited across a series of active normal fault blocks. (2) This river system was inherited from the Hellenide mountain belt and supplied high volumes of coarse sediments from the onset of extension. (3) As depocentres enlarged through time, the fluvial deposits progressively filled palaeorelief. A continuous braided plain developed above active buried faults and no significant consequent drainage system developed between the narrow fault blocks. (4) The main fluvial axis of the antecedent drainage persists through time and controlled facies distribution. (5) The length scale of facies transitions is greater than, and therefore not related to fault spacing. Here, along-strike subsidence variations in individual fault blocks represent a secondary contributor to the alluvial architecture. (6) The zones of maximum subsidence on individual faults are aligned across strike, parallel to the persistent fluvial axis. This implies that long-term sediment supply and loading influenced normal fault growth. Sediment supply largely outpaced local hangingwall subsidence and overfilled the early rift basin. The river system terminated eastward where small deltas are built into a shallow lake that occupied the central Corinth rift. During this time, another river system built fan deltas along the southern margin, recording diachronous deepening of the basin. The behaviour of antecedent rivers is also studied at the scale of a relay zone, that developed later in the rift history between two growing fault segments. During the Middle to Late Pleistocene, the relay zone captured the antecedent Krathis River, which deposited prograding Gilbert-type deltas. Transfer faults record progressive linkage and basinward migration of accommodation along the ramp axis, while marine terraces record diachronous uplift in their footwalls. Although early linkage occurred, the main normal faults continued to propagate until final connexion. For the first time a reconstruction of the linkage phase is presented over a period of ca. 0.5 Myr. Throughout this linkage history, the Krathis River continued to flow across the relay zone. Again, this emphasizes the role of antecedent rivers in supplying sediments and controlling the location of the major depocentres along the rift margins
Taillefer, Audrey. "Interactions entre tectonique et hydrothermalisme : rôle de la faille normale de la Têt sur la circulation hydrothermale et la distribution des sources thermales des Pyrénées Orientales." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT118/document.
Full textNon-magmatic hydrothermal systems in mountain ranges are poorly studied compared to extensive ones. They likely involve similar processes than those highlighted for other hydro-geothermal continental systems, however questions remain about : 1) the water origin and the structures responsible for efficient infiltrations, 2) the type of pathways from depth to the hot springs, and the conservation of the draining capacity, 3) the geometry and amplitude of the thermal anomalies and subsequent fluid-rock interactions in the deep transfer zone.In Eastern Pyrénées (France), the alignment of 29 hot springs (29-73°C) along the brittle Têt fault and its related high topography allows studying these processes.The integrative analysis of remote sensing, multi-scale geological field observations and hydrothermal fluid geochemistry, provides strong constraints to establish a realistic 3D numerical model coupling heat transfers with fluid flows. From the infiltration areas to the springs at the surface, we show that :1. The hydrothermal fluids have a meteoric origin and infiltrate at high altitude (>2200 m). Three intersecting fracture sets, resulting from three consecutive tectonic stages, pervasively distribute on the infiltration areas. They probably are efficient structures to transfer fluids through the crust to the hot springs.2. Hot springs are mostly located close to the Têt fault, in its footwall, at the base of the most elevated topography. They always localize in crystalline rocks, at the interface with metasediments, related to unfaulted or faulted contacts by brittle or old ductile faults. Hot spring locations also match with intersections of brittle-fault damage zones.3. Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids indicates similar rock-water interactions for all the springs, suggesting a transfer zone of similar lithology. There is no mixing with superficial water, suggesting that differences of temperatures between hot springs are related to multiple pathways deriving from a thermal anomaly. In numerical models, flows mainly come from high reliefs in the fault footwall, or circulate along the fault plane. Hot spring temperatures depend on the temperature reached at depth, which depends on the flow depth. Flow distribution in the crust depends on the topography, both of the fault scarp and along the fault. The tops of the topography are infiltration areas, while low elevations are resurgence areas.The understanding of fault and topography-related hydrothermal systems has strong implications for thermalism and for geothermal exploration
Hong, Wei O'Connell Robert M. "An ATP/EMTP model for the study of both normal and abnormal substation equipment operation." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6652.
Full textWitt, César. "Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the north andean block trailing tail : evolution of the gulf of Guyaquil-tumbes basin and the intermontane basins of the central ecuadorian andes." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066061.
Full textThe Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes basin (GGTB) evolution is controlled by the trench-parallel extension that results from the North Andean block (NAB) northward drifting. This N-S directed extension is accommodated along the shelf by low-angle detachment normal faults (the Posorja, Jambelí and Tumbes detachment systems) during Pleistocene. In contrast, along the continental margin E-W directed subsidence began in Miocene times produced by a subduction erosion regime working at depth. Both regimes are limited by a major transfer system roughly located at the continental margin shelf break extending from the Domito faults system to the Banco Peru fault. The Tumbes detachment system corresponds to the master fault of basin evolution. It probably connects with the continental structures assumed to define part of the eastern frontier of the NAB, where intermontane basin formation along the central Ecuadorian Andes is also related to NAB drifting. In this discrete basin formation setting the Santa Isabel basin and the GGTB seem to have evolved along the same escape tectonic scenario
Yorke, Stephanie. "Disability, normalcy, and the failures of the nation : a reading of selected fiction by Salman Rushdie, Rohinton Mistry, Indra Sinha, and Firdaus Kanga." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:50a3e631-419f-490a-9995-f0fa511e5688.
Full textFlerit, Frédéric Jean-Philippe. "La mécanique de l'extrusion et de l'extension continentale en Anatolie-Egée : comment la mécanique de la fracturation, basée sur des observations tectoniques et géodésiques (GPS), réconcilie la déformation continentale avec la tectonique des plaques." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GLOB0010.
Full textTectonic and geodetic observations (GPS) allow us to model the present-day deformation of the Anatolia-Aegean region and its mechanical evolution. In our approach, the deformation of the lithosphere is localised on known faults, treated as dislocations in elastic half-space. We show that two tectonic processes are superposed at the lithospheric scale : The extension associated with the Hellenic subduction and the extrusion of Anatolia associated with the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF). Since the NAF entered the Aegean, the two processes interact mechanically. We show that a large process zone forms at the front of the NAF, as the lithosphere relaxes long-term elastic strains. As a result the NAF has become a transform fault for 3/4 of its length. The simple elastic behaviour of the continental lithosphere explains the mechanical balance between the rigid rotation of Anatolia and the deformation of the Aegean
Sapin, François. "Impact du couple érosion/sédimentation sur la structuration d'un prisme d'accrétion : L'exemple du prisme NO Bornéo : approche géologique, sismique et thermique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066695.
Full textVillemin, Thierry. "Tectonique et extension, fracturation et subsidence : le fossé rhénan et le bassin de Sarre-Nahe." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066277.
Full textNdongo, Alexis. "Contexte sédimentologique et tectonique du bassin paléoprotérozoïque de Franceville (Gabon) : structures de surpression fluide, bitumes et minéralisation uranium." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS068/document.
Full textMetallogenic deposits within paleproterozoic basins depend on generation and migration of fluids. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of tectonic, sedimentological and diagenetic setting of the uranium deposits in the Franceville basin and to characterize hydraulic fracturing impact on fluid migration processes in sandstone reservoirs.Tectonic study define the N180-170° transfer faults, associated with Archean tectonic and the N110-120° longitudinal normal faults. These two fault directions split the Franceville basin into small sub-basins. The longitudinal normal faults are associated with footwall anticlines and hanging wall synclines. The uranium deposits of Franceville basin are located in footwall anticlines of longitudinal normal faults.Sedimentological analysis allows to describe four depositional environments: Fluvial (lower FA), deltaic (middle FA), tidal (upper FA), and open marine environments (FB). Facies distribution in the FA-FB transition promotes the establishment of permeability barriers. These latter are responsible of the increase in fluid pressure and of the formation of fluid pressure structures (dykes, stylolites, quartz veins), in footwall anticlines of longitudinal normal faults. Increase in fluid pressure allows the migration of uranium-fluids, and hydrocarbon from the deep basin to the footwall anticline. Hydraulic fracturing processes lead the precipitation of uranium mineralization, associated with bitumen, in microfractures
Christiansen-Weber, Trudy A. "Thymic expression of human wild-type p53 in transgenic mice alters normal thymocyte development and in p53-deficient mice restores radiation-induced apoptosis but fails to prevent thymic lymphoma /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9904824.
Full textLe, Roy Antoine. "Prévention des risques thermoélectriques des organes électroniques embarqués automobile. Études des phénomènes physicochimiques impliqués et des facteurs accélérateurs/inhibiteurs clés." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS227.
Full textThe ageing of automotive onboard electronics is an inevitable phenomenon which requires careful evaluation when proper functioning needs to be ensured during the product service life. The ageing can be classified in a number of categories, such as process, accidental and “normal” ageing. Although these first two are well documented in the literature, the impact of thermoelectric failures on the normal ageing of automotive onboard electronics is still poorly understood. The aim of this PhD thesis consists in investigating the factors influencing thermoelectric failures on normal ageing of the automotive onboard electronics. Herein, the different physicochemical parameters contributing to this process such as humidity, water film formation, pollution or copper track polarization on the printed circuit board (PCB) were examined. In addition, accelerated ageing on PCBs were carried out using a lab made test bed, allowing the study of condensation / evaporation cycling of environmental water. Such studies were subsequently cross linked with real-life case scenarios. In this work, it was highlighted that plastics - used in the electronic components- and particularly the switch buttons, were the primarily source of pollution. In fact, it was determined that the contaminants were extracted through a lixiviation process with the water flow. Other pollutants such as copper are extracted by electrolysis from polarized tracks. All these contaminants are found on the substrate surface and are transported under the condensation/ evaporation water cycles, thus increasing their local concentration. Finally, it was shown that the presence of such pollutions (particularly in the form of salts) favors the wettability of PCB, ultimately yielding to dendrite formation that could be catastrophic to the PCB
Cannic, Sébastien. "L'évolution magmatique et tectono-métamorphique du substratum du domaine valaisan (complexe du Versoyen, Alpes occidentales) : Implications dans l'histoire alpine." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10155.
Full textGamond, Jean-François. "Conditions de formation des zones de discontinuité cinématiques dans la croûte supérieure : aspects expérimentaux et naturels." Phd thesis, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639404.
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