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Journal articles on the topic 'Fagopyrum esculentum'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Podolska, Grażyna, Elżbieta Gujska, Joanna Klepacka, and Edyta Aleksandrowicz. "Bioactive Compounds in Different Buckwheat Species." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050961.

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The accumulation of valuable nutrients in cereal grains depends on a number of factors, including species, cultivars, and environment conditions. The aim of this study was to compare protein, some polyphenols and rutin content, as well as mineral composition in Fagopyrum tataricum and Fagopyrum esculentum genotypes growing in Polish conditions. A field experiment was conduct-ed on pseudopodsolic soil in 2017–2018 at the Experimental Station in Osiny (51°35′, 21°55′), fol-lowing randomized complete block method with three replications. Two cultivars of Fagophyrum esculentum (Kora and Panda), two cultivars of Fagopyrum tataricum (LIT1 and 63181) and two forms of Fagopyrum esculentum (Red Corolla and Green Corolla) were used in this experiment. We found differences in the tested compounds (protein, phenolic acids, rutin, and mineral composition) between cultivars and genotypes. Total phenolic acid and rutin contents were higher in the Fagopyrum tataricum compared to Fagopyrum esculentum. Ferulic and coumaric acids were prominent in the Kora and Panda cultivars, however vanillic and syringic acids accumulated more in Green Corolla and Red Corolla. The common buckwheat seeds contained more Cu, Mn, and Mg and less Ca than tartary buckwheat. Moreover Fagopytum esculentum genotype contains more protein compared to Fagopyrum tataricum.

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2

Pirzadah, Tanveer Bilal, Bisma Malik, Inayatullah Tahir, and Reiaz ul Rehman. "Vivipary in Fagopyrum esculentum / Živorodnost pri ajdi (Fagopyrum esculentum)." Folia biologica et geologica 57, no. 2 (April 27, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0010.

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3

Hagels, H., and H. Schilcher. "P30 Phenolic compounds of fagopyri herba (fagopyrum esculentum moench and fagopyrum tartaricum gärtner)." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1-2 (September 1994): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0928-0987(94)90203-8.

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4

Ferreira Gonçalves, FM, R. Rostirolla Debiage, RM Gonçalves da Silva, P. Pinheiro Porto, E. Yoshihara, and EC Toledo de Mello Peixoto. "Anthelmintic potential of Fagopyrum esculentum." Planta Medica 81, S 01 (December 14, 2016): S1—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1596982.

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5

Aubert, Lauranne, Christian Decamps, Guillaume Jacquemin, and Muriel Quinet. "Comparison of Plant Morphology, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum Grown under Field Conditions in Belgium." Plants 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258.

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Buckwheat is a pseudocereal with high nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Although common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is the main cultivated species, Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is gaining interest. In this paper, we compared plant growth, yield-related parameters and seed nutritional qualities of two varieties of F. esculentum and F. tataricum under field conditions in Belgium. Fagopyrum esculentum flowered earlier, produced less nodes, less branches, less inflorescences, but more flowers per inflorescence than F. tataricum. The yield was higher in F. tataricum, while the thousand-grain weight was higher in F. esculentum. Yield ranged between 2037 kg/ha and 3667 kg/ha depending on the species and year. Regarding nutritional qualities, seeds of F. esculentum contained more proteins (15.4% vs. 12.8%) than seeds of F. tataricum although their amino acid profile was similar. Seeds of F. esculentum contained also more Mg (1.36 vs. 1.15 mg/g dry weight (DW)) and less Fe (22.9 vs. 32.6 µg/g DW) and Zn (19.6 vs. 24.5 µg/g DW) than F. tataricum. The main difference between seed nutritional quality was the concentration of flavonoids that was 60 times higher in F. tataricum than in F. esculentum. Both species grow well under Belgian conditions and showed good seed quality.

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6

Roth, Cornelia. "Für Sie gesammelt – Fagopyrum esculentum – Buchweizen." Deutsche Heilpraktiker-Zeitschrift 8, no. 06 (January 14, 2014): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1363569.

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7

Amann, Christine, and Anton Amberger. "Phosphorus Efficiency of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)." Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 152, no. 2 (1989): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19891520208.

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8

Klykov, Alexey, Elena Chaikina, Michail Anisimov, Svetlana Borovaya, and Elena Barsukova. "Rutin content in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. and F. cymosum Meissn.) growth in the Far East of Russia / Vsebnost rutina v ajdi (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. in F. cymosum Meissn.) ..." Folia biologica et geologica 61, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0068.

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The paper presents results of the complex research of different species of Fagopyrum (F. esculentum Moench, F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn., F. cymosum Meissn.) on rutin content and their usage prospects as a resource of flavonoids. Relation between rutin content in the overground mass and the plant colour was found. Biological significance of rutin, prospects of its usage as a diagnostic trait in selection, are also shown in the article. Bio-chemical and technological traits of F. esculentum varieties cultivated in the Far East Russia were also studied and reflected in the paper. We therefore examined rutin content in the overground phytomass of the three species of Fagopyrum on the phase of mass flowering and discovered that high indices belong to: F. esculentum (Izumrud variety) ‒ 3.8 %, F. tataricum (sample k-62 from Canada) ‒ 4.4 % and F. cymosum (k-4231 from India) ‒ 4.1 %. Rutin content in the hull of common buckwheat ranged from 0.08 till 0.20 %. Maximum rutin quantity was determined in the hull of Ussurochka (35.7 kg/ha), and minimum (17.8 kg/ha) in the hull of Pri 7. The studies show that the ash content, obtained after burning the hull of F. esculentum (600°C) is in average 2 %. The following elements were found in the ash: potassium, sodium, copper, silver, calcium, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, manganese, iron, nickel, chromium, phosphorus, and their concentration depend on variety and type of raw material of F. esculentum. Key words: Fagopyrum esculentum, F. tataricum, F. cymosum, overground mass, hull, rutin Izvleček V prispevku so predstavljeni rezultati kompleksne raziskave različnih vrst rodu Fagopyrum (F. esculentum Moench, F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn., F. cymosum Meissn.) o vsebnosti rutina in možnosti njihove uporabe kot vira flavonoidov. Ugotovljeno je bilo razmerje med vsebnostjo rutina v nadzemni masi in barvo rastlin. V članku je prikazan tudi biološki pomen rutina, možnosti njegove diagnostične uporabe pri selekciji oziroma njegov pomen pri selekciji. V delu so bile proučene tudi biokemijske in tehnološke lastnosti sort F. esculentum, ki jih gojijo na Daljnem vzhodu Rusije. Zato smo določali vsebnost rutina v nadzemnih delih treh vrst rodu Fagopyrum v fazi cvetenja in ugotovili, da visoki indeksi pripadajo: F. esculentum (sorta Izumrud) ‒ 3,8 %, F. tataricum (vzorec k-62 iz Kanade) ‒ 4,4 % in F. cymosum (k-4231 iz Indije) ‒ 4,1 %. Vsebnost rutina v luščinah navadne ajde je znašala od 0,08 do 0,20 %. Največja količina rutina je bila določena v luščinah Ussurochka (35,7 kg/ha) in najmanjša (17,8 kg/ha) v luščinah Pri 7. Študije kažejo, da je vsebnost pepela, pridobljenega po upopelnjenju luščin F. esculentum (600°C), v povprečju 2 %. V pepelu so bili določeni naslednji elementi: kalij, natrij, baker, srebro, kalcij, magnezij, cink, aluminij, mangan, železo, nikelj, krom, fosfor, njihova koncentracija pa je odvisna od sorte in rastlinskega dela vrste F. esculentum. Ključne besede: Fagopyrum esculentum, F. tataricum, F. cymosum, nadzemna masa, luščine, rutin

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9

Kalinová, J., J. Moudrý, and V. Čurn. "Technological quality of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 6 (December 11, 2011): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4243-pse.

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Seven cultivars of common buckwheat were tested in field trials under two levels of nitrogen fertilisation on two experimental sites during 1998–2000. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the influence of cultivar, nutrition and year on main technological quality parameters (thousand achenes weight, volume weight, proportion of fractions on sieves 4.5 and 4 mm, proportion of husks and yield of groats). The differences were observed between buckwheat cultivars in all observed parameters of technological value. Nitrogen fertilisation before sowing (50 kg.ha<sup>–1</sup>) did not influence any parameter. On the contrary, buckwheat technological value was influenced by sequence weather (particularly rainfalls) during flowering and achenes formation periods (July). The influence of year was manifested especially on development of endosperm and husks of achenes. Better growing conditions on experimental site Uhříněves caused lower values of volume weight, lower proportion of pericarp (husks) and considerably higher proportion of fraction over 4.5 mm.

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10

Wall, David A., and Majorie A. H. Smith. "Weed management in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-104.

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There are currently no broadleaf herbicides registered in Canada for use in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). Greenhouse and field studies were conducted from 1994 to 1997 at Morden and Brandon, Manitoba, to investigate potential herbicide treatments for buckwheat when cultural methods fail to control broadleaf weeds. Dose-response studies conducted in the greenhouse showed that buckwheat tolerance to desmedipham was three to five times greater than that of volunteer canola (Brassica napus L. and B.rapa L.), lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). A separate experiment showed that buckwheat cultivars did not differ in tolerance to desmedipham. Another greenhouse study demonstrated that low dosages of bentazon caused severe injury in buckwheat. In field studies, 500 to 700 g a.i. ha−1 of desmedipham effectively suppressed the annual broadleaf weed biomass in buckwheat without reducing seed yields. At a low dosage of 300 g a.i. ha−1 of desmedipham there were no yield losses even though no weed biomass reduction was evident. Imazamethabenz at 150 to 250 g a.i. ha−1 and metribuzin at 140 and 210 g a.i. ha−1 severely injured buckwheat and usually reduced yields. 2,4-D at 140 g a.i. ha−1 suppressed weed biomass, but caused severe injury and often reduced buckwheat yield. At 70 g a.i. ha−1, 2,4-D suppressed weed growth as effectively as the higher dosage with less visual injury, but sometimes reduced buckwheat yields. Thus, desmedipham is the most promising postemergence broadleaf herbicide for use in common buckwheat. Key words: Common buckwheat, crop tolerance, dose response, weed management, yield

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11

Kara, Nimet. "Karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)’da Morfolojik Varyabilite." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 9 (September 12, 2017): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i9.1057-1060.1296.

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Maturity in buckwheat begins successively from bottom stems to up and the flowers, green and mature grains are present on the plants in harvest period. Therefore, there isn’t homogeny a ripening, and yield decreases. This study was conducted to investigate effect of plant morphology (main stem-branch, middle-branches and sub-branches) on change of the yield and its mineral nutrient contents in buckwheat. The field experiments were arranged according to a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2014 and 2015 years in Isparta ecological conditions and using Aktaş buckwheat cultivar. The grain yield in main stem-branch, middle-branches and sub-branches and contribution at yield of these of buckwheat were statistically significant in the both years. According to plant morphology, the highest grain yield in per plant 1.548 and 1.579 g/plant, respectively, and the highest contribution to per plant yield 40.72% and 38.61%, respectively, were determined in sub-branches. The lowest values were obtained from main stem-branch. It could be advised that the optimal harvest time full matured (brown seeds) of the seeds on the lower and middle lateral branches the highest contributed on yield in buckwheat. The mineral nutrition contents varied according to plant morphology, and the highest values, except for K and Mn, were determined in the main stem-branch.

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12

Guan, L. M., and T. Adachi. "Ultrastructural Studies of Embryogenesis in Fagopyrum esculentum." International Journal of Plant Sciences 158, no. 2 (March 1997): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297420.

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13

Friesen, George H., and Clayton G. Campbell. "Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Tolerance to Herbicides." Weed Science 34, no. 3 (May 1986): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450006714x.

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Field experiments conducted over a 7-yr period have demonstrated that common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench. cv. ‘Mancan’) has acceptable tolerance to many herbicides that are known to selectively control grass-type weeds in broadleaf crops. Herbicides for broadleaf weed control that showed some selectivity in common buckwheat were desmedipham {ethyl [3-[(phenylamino) carbonyl] oxy] phenyl] carbamate} applied postemergence and fluorochloridone {3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrrolidinone} applied either preplant soil incorporated or preemergence shallow incorporated. Tank mixtures of desmedipham plus sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} also showed adequate tolerance to common buckwheat at rates recommended for weed control in other crops.

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14

Choi, Hye-Sun, Sung-Young Lee, Sung-Yeol Baek, Bon-Sung Koo, Hyang-Sik Yoon, Hye-Young Park, and Soo-Hwan Yeo. "Quality Characteristics of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Soksungjang." Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 43, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2011.43.1.077.

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15

Qian, June, Patricia Rayas-Duarte, and Linda Grant. "Partial Characterization of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Starch." Cereal Chemistry Journal 75, no. 3 (May 1998): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cchem.1998.75.3.365.

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16

Kadyrova, Guzel D., Fanusya Z. Kadyrova, Natalia N. Ryzhova, and Elena Z. Kochieva. "RAPD-analysis of Fagopyrum species and cultivars genome polymorphism." Ecological genetics 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2008): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen633-10.

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RAPD-analysis of biodiversity in cultivated annual buckwheat species Fagopyrum esculentum, F. tataricum and related species F. giganteum and F. cymosum has been performed. Close relationship between F. cymosum, F. giganteum и F. tataricum has been confirmed. Intraspecific genome variability of F. tataricum accessions (0,01-0,15) is lower than in F. esculentum (0,10-0,33). For the first time genetic diversity in Russian buckwheat cultivars has been investigated. The high level of genomic polymorphism in F. esculentum cultivars (0,10-0,29) that is comparable to the variability in natural populations is shown.

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17

Vogrinčič, Maja, Ivan Kreft, Metka Filipič, and Bojana Žegura. "Antigenotoxic Effect of Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum) and Common (Fagopyrum esculentum) Buckwheat Flour." Journal of Medicinal Food 16, no. 10 (October 2013): 944–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2012.0266.

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18

Samimy, Cyrus, Thomas Bjorkman, Dimuth Siritunga, and Lisa Blanchard. "Overcoming the barrier to interspecific hybridization of Fagopyrum esculentum with Fagopyrum tataricum." Euphytica 91, no. 3 (1996): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00033094.

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19

Smirnov, O. E., A. M. Kosyan, O. I. Kosyk, and N. Yu Taran. "Morphophysiological traits of Fagopyrum esculentum in response to aluminium-acid stress." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 71, no. 4 (August 30, 2014): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj71.04.511.

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20

Yasui, Yasuo, Yingjie Wang, Ohmi Ohnishi, and Clayton G. Campbell. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism linkage analysis of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and its wild self-pollinated relative Fagopyrum homotropicum." Genome 47, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-126.

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Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) (2n = 2x = 16) and Fagopyrum homotropicum (2n = 2x = 16) were mated in an interspecific cross and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) linkage maps were constructed by analyzing segregation in the F2 population. Six hundred and sixty-nine bands were identified using 20 AFLP primer combinations, of which 462 (69%) segregated in the F2 population. The map of F. esculentum has eight linkage groups with 223 markers covering a total of 508.3 cM. The map of F. homotropicum has eight linkage groups with 211 markers covering 548.9 cM. There was one to one correspondence of the esculentum and homotropicum linkage groups. Three morphological markers, distylous self-incompatibility, shattering habit, and winged seed, were located on the AFLP map. Distylous self-incompatibility and shattering habit are tightly linked to each other (1.3 cM) and are located near the center of linkage group 1. Winged seed is located on linkage group 4. Key words: common buckwheat, AFLP, linkage analysis, distylous self-incompatibility, shattering habit.

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21

Brunori, A., and G. Végvári. "Rutin content of the grain of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. and Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) varieties growtn in southern Italy." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.55.2007.3.1.

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The rutin content of the grain of 31 buckwheat varieties (28 F. esculentum and 3 F. tataricum ) grown on the high plain of Sila (Region of Calabria) and on the massif of Pollino (Region of Basilicata) presented a substantial degree of variation.Among the F. esculentum varieties the lowest values were found for Botan and Spacinska, while the highest contents were observed in the varieties Emka and Lechnicka Krajova. As expected, the rutin content of the grain of F. tataricum was higher than that of F. esculentum , with the variety Donan showing the highest value.In view of the role of rutin in conferring most of the functional food characteristics of buckwheat, knowledge of the grain rutin content expressed in a specific environment, together with the yield potential, is important for the identification of buckwheat varieties worth adopting in an area such as the high plain of Sila, which, thanks to its extent, has the potential to represent a novel territory for the profitable cultivation of buckwheat in Italy.

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22

GUBBELS, G. H., and C. G. CAMPBELL. "EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON HEIGHT, YIELD AND QUALITY OF LARGE-SEEDED AND SEMI-DWARF BUCKWHEAT GENOTYPES." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-008.

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Two large-seeded buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) cultivars, Mancan and Manor, and semi-dwarf lines, were grown at Morden and Portage la Prairie in the years 1979–1982 at seeding rates of 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg/ha. There was no consistent effect of seeding rate on plant height, seed weight (g/1000 seeds) or seed density. In six of the eight location-years there was no interaction of genotype × seeding rate for seed yield, indicating that, generally, the cultivars and lines reacted similarly to differences in seeding rate. It was concluded that a seeding rate of from 30 to 45 kg/ha would ensure optimum yield in most years.Key words: Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench., seeding rates

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23

Klčová, L., and M. Gubišová. "Evaluation of different approaches to buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) micropropagation." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 44, No. 2 (June 27, 2008): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2677-cjgpb.

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Plant regeneration by different techniques was evaluated in three buckwheat cultivars: indirect regeneration from cotyledons and hypocotyls, direct regeneration by nodal segment cultivation and induction of multiple shoots from seedling apices. Regenerated shoots were obtained in all procedures. The effects of BA (6-benzylaminopurine), media composition and gelling agent were tested. The regeneration efficiency of shoot apex culture was 2.65–3.33 nodal segments/explant. Cotyledon and hypocotyl segments produced 1.25–2.44 shoots per explant plated. Nodal segment cultivation yielded 4.1–4.8 new nodal segments/explant in 4 weeks. Eighty percent of shoots rooted on the basal medium. Rooting was improved (up to 95.6%) by IBA (3-indolebutyric acid) addition to the culture medium. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to the soil. The most efficient and simple micropropagation of buckwheat was nodal segment cultivation on MS medium solidified by agar with the addition of 1 mg/l BA. This method is advisable for rapid multiplication, in vitro conservation or rescue of genetic resources.

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24

Link, Lucas, Luara Silva Pereira, Vanderson Vieira Batista, Karine Fuschter Oligini, Erick Vinicius Pellizari, Paulo Fernando Adami, and Laércio Ricardo Sartor. "Cover crop management in the maize-wheat offseason." June 2021, no. 15(06):2021 (June 10, 2021): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3017.

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This research studied a suitable cover crop considering biomass accumulation and nutrient cycling and its herbicide management to be adopted in the maize-wheat offseason as well as its influence on wheat yield. Experiment was laid out as a randomized block design in a factorial scheme with five cover crops (Fagopyrum esculentum, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum, Urochloa brizantha and Crotalaria spectabilis at 2017/18 growing season and at 2018/19, Fagopyrum esculentum and Crotalaria spectabilis were switched for Dolichos lablab) and two herbicide management (Desiccation 17 days before and at the wheat Sowing day) with four replications. Fallow was used as a control. Fagopyrum esculentum showed the fastest cycle and can be recommended for shorter offseason periods (50 days). Pennisetum glaucum showed the highest biomass yield at both years, standing out as the best option for offseason periods of 70 to 80 days. Tradeoff between the additional biomass produced by millet and brachiaria between herbicide desiccation periods does not cover the wheat grain yield reduction, suggesting that its herbicide management should be anticipated. On the other hand, Crotalarias showed a linear increase in biomass along the periods without wheat yield effects and its herbicide dissection at the wheat sowing day is recommended

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25

Isojima, S., A. Koizumi, Y. Fujii, and Z. Iqbal. "Allelopathy of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench: Analysis of allelochemicals." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 45, Supplement (2000): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.45.supplement_92.

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26

Kalinová, J., J. Moudrý, and V. Čurn. "Yield formation in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 53, no. 3 (October 1, 2005): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.53.2005.3.5.

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Seven varieties of common buckwheat were tested in field experiments under two levels of nitrogen fertilisation (0 and 50 kg N ha-1) during the period 1998-2000. The objective of the experiments was to evaluate the influence of varieties, fertilisation andyear on the formation of yield components in common buckwheat and to evaluate the relationships between the individual components. As was observed, a compensatory ability exists among the particular yield components. An increase in stand density reduces branching and the number of inflorescences per plant. The number of flowers in the raceme is influenced by the mean day temperature during the period from flower bud formation to the beginning of flowering (r = -0.98, P < 0.01). Rainfall during flowering negatively influenced the number of achenes per plant. The high number of flowers reduced seed setting and negatively influenced the yield due to competition for assimilates. The high number of achenes per plant was linked to lower weight (r = -0.33, P < 0.05). The occurrence of empty achenes was a result of the susceptibility of the plants to the temperature conditions during the achene maturation period (r = 0.86, P < 0.05). The main yield component determining the yield was the number of fully developed achenes per plant.

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27

Bratic, Ana, Dragana Majic, Jovanka Miljus-Djukic, Z. S. Jovanovic, and Vesna Maksimovic. "In planta transformation of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)." Archives of Biological Sciences 59, no. 2 (2007): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0702135b.

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In order to develop a reliable and rapid transgenic system for functional study of specific buckwheat gene constructs, two different in planta transformation methods were analyzed: vacuum infiltration and infiltration by syringe. The results indicated that the vacuum infiltration method was much more efficient and can therefore be considered the method of choice for buckwheat transformation. .

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28

Безручко, О. І. "Ukrainian Market of Varieties: Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Motnch.)." Plant varieties studying and protection, no. 2(12) (February 24, 2010): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.2(12).2010.59310.

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29

Moumou, Y., J. Vasseur, F. Trotin, and J. Dubois. "Catechin production by callus cultures of Fagopyrum esculentum." Phytochemistry 31, no. 4 (April 1992): 1239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80267-i.

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30

Renzetti, S., J. Behr, R. F. Vogel, and E. K. Arendt. "Transglutaminase polymerisation of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) proteins." Journal of Cereal Science 48, no. 3 (November 2008): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2008.04.005.

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31

Zhu, Liuying, Juan Li, Changhao Wei, Ting Luo, Zeyuan Deng, Yawei Fan, and Liufeng Zheng. "A polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen alleviates microbiota dysbiosis to improve intestinal barrier function in antibiotic-treated mice." Food & Function 11, no. 12 (2020): 10519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01948h.

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A polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen relieves antibiotic-induced microbiota dysbiosis to improve immune function and intestinal barrier integrity by increasing intestinal sIgA secretion and inhibiting inflammation.

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32

Luthar, Zlata, Mateja Germ, Matevž Likar, Aleksandra Golob, Katarina Vogel-Mikuš, Paula Pongrac, Anita Kušar, Igor Pravst, and Ivan Kreft. "Breeding Buckwheat for Increased Levels of Rutin, Quercetin and Other Bioactive Compounds with Potential Antiviral Effects." Plants 9, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121638.

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Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) are sources of many bioactive compounds, such as rutin, quercetin, emodin, fagopyrin and other (poly)phenolics. In damaged or milled grain under wet conditions, most of the rutin in common and Tartary buckwheat is degraded to quercetin by rutin-degrading enzymes (e.g., rutinosidase). From Tartary buckwheat varieties with low rutinosidase activity it is possible to prepare foods with high levels of rutin, with the preserved initial levels in the grain. The quercetin from rutin degradation in Tartary buckwheat grain is responsible in part for inhibition of α-glucosidase in the intestine, which helps to maintain normal glucose levels in the blood. Rutin and emodin have the potential for antiviral effects. Grain embryos are rich in rutin, so breeding buckwheat with the aim of producing larger embryos may be a promising strategy to increase the levels of rutin in common and Tartary buckwheat grain, and hence to improve its nutritional value.

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33

Handlířová, Martina, Blanka Procházková, and Vladimír Smutný. "Yields of Selected Catch Crops in Dry Conditions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 4 (2016): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664041139.

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Catch crops mainly reduce soil erosion and leaching of nutrients as well as enrich the soil organic matter. The aim of this research is to evaluate the yields of catch crops of Sinapis alba, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Fagopyrum esculentum, Carthamus tinctorius and Secale cereale v. multicaule, and thus determine the possible applicability of catch crops in areas with high average annual temperature and low precipitation totals. The small-plot field experiment was performed on clay-loam gleyic fluvisol at the Field Experimental Station in Žabčice, Southern Moravia, Czech Republic, within the period of 2006-2014. The catch crops were set up after winter wheat in mid-August. The results have shown a statistically significant difference among different catch crops in yield of dry matter and even among years. The yield of catch crops is mainly dependent on a sufficient supply of water in the soil and the appropriate amount and distribution of rainfall over the growing season. Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia regularly reached the highest yields. High yields were also achieved with Fagopyrum esculentum. Due to the method of crop rotation in the Czech Republic, with a predominance of Brassica napus var. napus, it is inappropriate to include Sinapis alba. It is the best to grow Phacelia tanacetifolia and even Fagopyrum esculentum, or a mixture thereof, depending on the use of catch crops.

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34

Aubert, Lauranne, Daniela Konrádová, Salima Kebbas, Selma Barris, and Muriel Quinet. "Comparison of high temperature resistance in two buckwheat species Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum." Journal of Plant Physiology 251 (August 2020): 153222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153222.

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35

Neethirajan, Suresh, Tamaki Hirose, Junichi Wakayama, Kazumi Tsukamoto, Hiroko Kanahara, and Shigeru Sugiyama. "Karyotype Analysis of Buckwheat Using Atomic Force Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 4 (July 13, 2011): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611000481.

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AbstractKaryotype analysis and classification of buckwheat chromosomes were performed without chemical banding or staining using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) and Fagopyrum tartaricum (Tartarian buckwheat) chromosomes were isolated from root tissues using an enzymatic maceration technique and spread over a glass substrate. Air-dried chromosomes had a surface with ridges, and the height of common and tartary buckwheat were approximately 350 and 150 nm. Volumes of metaphase sets of buckwheat chromosomes were calculated using three-dimensional AFM measurements. Chromosomes were morphologically characterized by the size, volume, arm lengths, and ratios. The calculated volumes of the F. esculentum and F. tartaricum chromosomes were in the ranges of 1.08–2.09 μm3 and 0.49–0.78 μm3, respectively. The parameters such as the relative arm length, centromere position, and the chromosome volumes measured using AFM provide accurate karyomorphological classification by avoiding the subjective inconsistencies in banding patterns of conventional methods. The karyotype evolutionary trend indicates that F. esculentum is an ancient species compared to F. tartaricum. This is the first report of a cytological karyotype of buckwheat using AFM.

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36

Zhao, Jianglin, Lan Jiang, Xiaohui Tang, Lianxin Peng, Xing Li, Gang Zhao, and Lingyun Zhong. "Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Flower Volatile Oils of Fagopyrum esculentum, Fagopyrum tataricum and Fagopyrum Cymosum." Molecules 23, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010182.

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37

Lee, Myung-Heon, Jung-Sun Lee, and Hee-Chul Yang. "[ α ]-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Flower and Leaf Extracts from Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 37, no. 1 (January 31, 2008): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.1.42.

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38

Kurinami, Satoshi, Masatoshi Sugimoto, and Mitsuki Amaya. "Physicochemical Properties of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Starches." Journal of Applied Glycoscience 55, no. 2 (2008): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5458/jag.55.95.

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39

Lucic, B., Z. Jovanovic, S. Radovic, and V. Maksimovic. "Cold-induced response of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seedlings." Archives of Biological Sciences 61, no. 3 (2009): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0903003l.

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40

ROMCHATNGOEN, Supot, Yongsak KACHONPADUNGKITTI, and Shigeru HISAJIMA. "Micropropagation of Buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) Plant In vitro." Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi 10, no. 4 (1998): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/jshita.10.231.

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41

Al-Snafi, Prof Dr Ali Esmail. "A review on Fagopyrum esculentum: A potential medicinal plant." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) 07, no. 03 (March 2017): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3013-0703012132.

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42

Adachi, T., A. Yamaguchi, Y. Miike, and F. Hoffmann. "Plant regeneration from protoplasts of common buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum)." Plant Cell Reports 8, no. 4 (1989): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00778544.

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43

Goodman, R., G. Hepworth, P. Kaczynski, B. McKee, S. Clarke, and C. Bluett. "Honeybee pollination of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cv. Manor." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 8 (2001): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99008.

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The role of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the pollination of buckwheat cv. Manor was studied in a commercial planting at Smeaton, Victoria. Honeybees comprised 80% of all insect visitors to this crop. Other insects included ladybirds (Coccinella transversalis and C. undecimpunctata), hoverflies (Meangyna viridiceps), drone flies (Eristalis sp.), blowflies (Calliphoridae), cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae), small bush flies and native bees. The activity of honeybees and other insects increased seed production from 91.5 g/plot (plots closed to insects) to 180.4 g/plot (plots open to insects).

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44

Guan, L. M., and T. Adachi. "Reproductive Deterioration in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) under Summer Conditions." Plant Breeding 109, no. 4 (November 1992): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00189.x.

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45

Bj�rkman, Thomas, Cyrus Samimy, and Karen J. Pearson. "Variation in pollen performance among plants of Fagopyrum esculentum." Euphytica 82, no. 3 (1995): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00029566.

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46

Park, Byoung-Jae, Chiho Yamahira, Cheol-Ho Park, Hiroaki Samejima, Kwang-Jin Chang, and Michio Onjo. "Hydroxycinnamates and Flavonoids from the Flower of Fagopyrum esculentum." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 54, no. 4 (July 2018): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-018-2468-y.

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47

Tang, C. H. "Thermal properties of globulin from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 89, no. 3 (July 10, 2007): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-005-7376-2.

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48

Siebold, D., V. Roth, E. G. Jung, and C. Bayerl. "Nutritiv bedingte Typ-I-Sensibilisierung auf Buchweizen (Fagopyrum esculentum)." Allergo Journal 8, no. 8 (December 1999): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03360736.

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49

Paulsamy, S., and N. K. Chrungoo. "Nitrate uptake in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum moench): Kinetics." Environmental and Experimental Botany 34, no. 2 (April 1994): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(94)90040-x.

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50

Liu, Chia-Ling, Yih-Shyuan Chen, Joan-Hwa Yang, and Been-Huang Chiang. "Antioxidant Activity of Tartary ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and Common ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Buckwheat Sprouts." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56, no. 1 (January 2008): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf072347s.

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