Academic literature on the topic 'Faecal DNA'
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Journal articles on the topic "Faecal DNA"
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Piggott, Maxine P. "Effect of sample age and season of collection on the reliability of microsatellite genotyping of faecal DNA." Wildlife Research 31, no. 5 (2004): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03096.
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Individual identification of animals from DNA in field-collected faecal samples is becoming an increasingly important tool in wildlife population monitoring. A major issue relevant to the application of this technique is the reliability of the genotypes obtained. I investigated the effect of sample age and season of collection on amplification rates and reliability of microsatellite genotypes amplified from faecal DNA of a marsupial herbivore, the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) and a eutherian carnivore, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Comparison of DNA profiles from 1 day to 6 months for both species suggests that as the age of the faeces increases there is less good-quality DNA present on the surface of the faeces, resulting in significantly decreasing amplification rates and increasing genotyping error rates over time. No microsatellite PCR products were obtained from samples older than 3 months from any faecal DNA extract in either season. For both species, faeces collected during the summer trial yielded high-quality DNA for up to one week. Faeces collected in winter had significantly lower amplification rates and higher genotyping errors than the summer-collected samples. Computer simulations were used to estimate the probability of obtaining false genotypes when genotyping faecal samples of various ages. These revealed that three replicates is sufficient to prevent identification of false individuals for P. penicillata from faeces up to one week old in both summer and winter but more replicates may be required for older samples, particularly in winter. In contrast, up to eight replicates may be required for fox faeces collected in winter, particularly if more than one week old. These results also suggest that it is difficult to visually identify faecal age for V. vulpes, and any study using fox faeces would need to account for the likely inclusion of older faeces in a field collection. For P. penicillata, faecal age could be accurately assessed, particularly when less than one week old and targeting faeces that match the two most reliable appearance classes described here would be an efficient sampling strategy. It is recommended that the appropriate PCR replication protocol for any given study should be tailored to the error rates expected for the oldest samples likely to be collected. This study is the first to thoroughly investigate the effects of sample age and season of collection on microsatellite genotyping from faecal samples and provides guidelines for sampling and PCR repetition strategies for field-based non-invasive DNA studies.
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Inglis, G. D., L. D. Kalischuk, and H. W. Busz. "A survey ofCampylobacterspecies shed in faeces of beef cattle using polymerase chain reaction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-087.
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A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based survey of campylobacters associated with faeces collected from 382 beef cattle was undertaken. To ensure the removal of PCR inhibitors present in faeces and determine if adequate extraction was achieved, faeces were seeded with internal control DNA (i.e., DNA designed to amplify with the Campylobacter genus primer set, but provide a smaller amplicon) before the extraction procedure. In only two samples (0.5%) were the internal control or Campylobacter genus amplicons not detected. In the remaining 380 faecal samples, Campylobacter DNA was detected in 83% of the faecal samples (80% of the faecal samples were positive for Campylobacter genus DNA, and 3% of the samples were negative for Campylobacter genus DNA but positive for DNA of individual species). The most frequently detected species was Campylobacter lanienae (49%), a species only recently connected to livestock hosts. Campylobacter jejuni DNA was detected in 38% of the faecal samples, and Campylobacter hyointestinalis and Campylobacter coli DNA were detected in 8% and 0.5% of the samples, respectively. Campylobacter fetus DNA was not detected. Twenty-four percent of the faecal samples contained DNA of at least two species of Campylobacter. Of these samples, the majority (81%) contained DNA of C. jejuni and C. lanienae. The results of this study indicate that beef cattle commonly release a variety of Campylobacter species into the environment and may contribute to the high prevalence of campylobacteriosis in humans inhabiting areas of intensive cattle production, such as southern Alberta. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility of using PCR as a rapid and accurate method for simultaneously detecting the DNA of a diverse number of Campylobacter species associated with bovine faeces.Key words: campylobacters, detection, technique, Bos taurus.
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McMillan, M., W. G. MacKay, C. L. Williams, A. J. Shepherd, C. Malcolm, and L. T. Weaver. "Intrafamilial Genotyping ofHelicobacter pylorifrom Faecal DNA." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/491035.
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Helicobacter pyloriinfection, often acquired in early childhood, is a global cause of undernutrition, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. This study tested the feasibility of usingH. pylorished in the faeces as a source of DNA for non-invasive epidemiological studies.H. pyloriDNA was chemically recovered and isolated using a specific biotinylated oligonucleotide probe with magnetic capture from 28H. pyloripositive faecal samples obtained from children attending hospital for the investigation of suspectedH. pyloriinfection, together with close family members. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was subsequently used to discriminate each isolate. 93% of stool samples selected were typeable. Parent, child and sibling samples were compared and similarities determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed thatH. pyloriDNA obtained from the faeces can be used to genotype individual strains, offering a means of studying intrafamilial transfer of this microorganism.
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Oberreuther-Moschner, Daniela L., Gerhard Jahreis, Gerhard Rechkemmer, and Beatrice L. Pool-Zobel. "Dietary intervention with the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus 145 and Bifidobacterium longum 913 modulates the potential of human faecal water to induce damage in HT29clone19A cells." British Journal of Nutrition 91, no. 6 (June 2004): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041108.
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Probiotics reduce the risk of colon cancer by inhibiting carcinogen-induced DNA damage in animals, but there are no analogous data in human subjects. To enhance knowledge of the effects of probiotics in human subjects, we have investigated the genotoxicity of faecal water after dietary intervention with standard yoghurt or with probiotic yoghurt, which included the strains Lactobacillus acidophilus 145 and Bifidobacterium longum 913. Faeces were collected from nine healthy volunteers after intervention with probiotic yoghurt or standard yoghurt. Faecal water was isolated and incubated with human colon tumour cells HT29clone19A. DNA strand breaks, oxidised DNA bases and damage after challenge with H2O2 were determined by micro-gel-electrophoresis. Faecal water was genotoxic in comparison with NaCl, but protected against H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks. The intervention with probiotic yoghurt significantly lowered faecal water genotoxicity compared with standard yoghurt. However, probiotic intervention also increased oxidative damage; this either reflected prooxidative activity or stimulation of endogenous defence systems. Altogether, the balance of effects favoured protection, since faecal water from the probiotic group reduced overall genetic damage. Thus, there was a reduction of strand break-inducing compounds in human faeces after dietary intervention with probiotic bacteria. This protection reflected results from previous studies in carcinogen-exposed animals where probiotics reduced DNA damage in colon cells.
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Suehiro, Yutaka, Yibo Zhang, Shinichi Hashimoto, Taro Takami, Shingo Higaki, Yoshitaro Shindo, Nobuaki Suzuki, et al. "Highly sensitive faecal DNA testing of TWIST1 methylation in combination with faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin is a promising marker for detection of colorectal neoplasia." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 55, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563217691064.
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Background As TWIST1 methylation is specific to colorectal neoplasia, detection of TWIST1 methylation from faeces samples might be useful for colorectal neoplasia screening. However, because the content of human DNA in faeces is very small, it is very difficult to detect TWIST1 methylation by conventional bisulphite-based methylation assays. Therefore, we developed a new methylation assay without bisulphite treatment, the combined restriction digital PCR assay, and evaluated its sensitivity and specificity in combination with and without the faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin for colorectal neoplasia detection from faeces samples. Methods For the combined restriction digital PCR assay, DNA was treated with three methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and an exonuclease, followed by measurement of TWIST1 methylation level by droplet digital PCR. Faecal DNA testing and faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin were performed on 109 patients with colorectal neoplasia and 10 control individuals. Results Basic performance testing showed that the combined restriction digital PCR assay enabled detection of 0.14% of the TWIST1 methylation level for the lymphocyte DNA. The combined restriction digital PCR assay from faeces samples had a sensitivity of 22.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.8–60.0%) for non-advanced adenoma, 47.1% (95% confidence interval, 23.0–72.2%) for advanced adenoma, and 33.7% (95% confidence interval, 23.7–45.0%) for colorectal cancer, and a specificity of 100.0%. Combination of faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin and faecal combined restriction digital PCR assay increased sensitivity to 82.4% (95% confidence interval, 56.6–96.2%) for the detection of advanced adenoma. Conclusions We developed the combined restriction digital PCR assay, a possible highly sensitive methylation assay. Combination of faecal combined restriction digital PCR assay with faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin may provide an alternative screening strategy for colorectal neoplasia, especially for potentially precancerous lesions.
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Carpenter, Fiona M., and Martin A. Dziminski. "Breaking down scats: degradation of DNA from greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) faecal pellets." Australian Mammalogy 39, no. 2 (2017): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16030.
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Isolating DNA from scats (faeces) of threatened species is a valuable, non-invasive method for identifying individuals. To establish whether genotyping of greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) individuals from faecal pellets collected in the field can be useful for population monitoring, an understanding of the DNA degradation rates is necessary. To determine the relationship between time and degradation of bilby faecal DNA, and assess whether a two-step elution process during extraction results in better-quality DNA, faecal pellets were collected from captive individuals, maintained under seminatural conditions, then harvested at known periods. DNA was amplified from faecal pellets with a 99% success rate and error rates of less than 5% up to 14 days after deposition. The amplification rate decreases, and the rate of allelic dropout increases with time, but DNA can still be amplified at rates above 60% and error rates below 15% at 90–180 days. We found that a second elution step was unnecessary, with more DNA amplified over a longer period using the first eluate. Viable DNA exists on bilby faecal pellets for a long period after deposition, which is useful for obtaining genetic samples for population monitoring programs and studies on population genetics.
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Afonso, E., and A. C. Goydadin. "Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) guano." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 10 (May 30, 2018): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818001279.
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AbstractAlthough bats are increasingly recognised as potential reservoir hosts of human zoonotic pathogens, bacteria in bats are still poorly studied. To investigate the DNA faecal prevalence of the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, we sampled 23 lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) maternity colonies located in buildings (churches, barns) in rural villages of eastern France. A total of 552 faecal samples were collected from 278 individuals. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in the faeces of 63 individuals (22.7%). Such high prevalence might suggest persistent infection in bats and/or a frequent consumption of insect preys carrying bacteria. Faecal DNA prevalence varied highly among colonies but was not related to the colony size. Faecal DNA prevalence was the highest in the Jura Department, where the density of ticks is known to be the highest across the study area. Because the sampled bats live in close proximity to humans, we discuss how concerning the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA in bat guano is for humans frequenting places of worship that shelter bats. We also advocate future research to understand what a high faecal DNA prevalence in bat guano really implicates in terms of bacteria transmission.
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Baker-Austin, Craig, Rachel Rangdale, James Lowther, and David N. Lees. "Application of mitochondrial DNA analysis for microbial source tracking purposes in shellfish harvesting waters." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.767.
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We present a method for the reliable detection and source characterisation of faecal pollution in water and shellfish matrices, utilising real-time PCR analysis of mitochondrial DNA targets. In this study we designed real-time PCR (TaqMan) probes to target human, bovine, ovine and swine mtDNA. PCR amplification using species-specific TaqMan probes on faecal matter and mixed effluent slurries revealed no cross-reactions between species of interest and other vertebrate faecal matter. Performed as a single blind experiment we were able to correctly identify faecal material in 17/20 effluents (85% correct). mtDNA degrades relatively quickly in faecally-spiked water samples (∼2 weeks), a similar timeframe of environmental persistence to several bacterial faecal indictors, highlighting its applicability. The procedure described here is specific, rapid (<5 hours) and sensitive. These results confirm the suitability of using species-specific mtDNA as an indicator in source tracking studies in surface waters, shellfish harvesting areas and shellfish matrices.
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Parsons, Kim M., John F. Dallas, Diane E. Claridge, John W. Durban, Kenneth C. Balcomb Iii, Paul M. Thompson, and Les R. Noble. "Amplifying dolphin mitochondrial DNA from faecal plumes." Molecular Ecology 8, no. 10 (October 1999): 1766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00723-8.x.
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MARCET, P. L., T. DUFFY, M. V. CARDINAL, J. M. BURGOS, M. A. LAURICELLA, M. J. LEVIN, U. KITRON, R. E. GÜRTLER, and A. G. SCHIJMAN. "PCR-based screening and lineage identification ofTrypanosoma cruzidirectly from faecal samples of triatomine bugs from northwestern Argentina." Parasitology 132, no. 1 (September 15, 2005): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182005008772.
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This study applied improved DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction strategies for screening and identification ofTrypanosoma cruzilineages directly from faeces of triatomines collected in a well-defined rural area in northwestern Argentina. Amplification of the variable regions of the kinetoplastid minicircle genome (kDNA-PCR) was performed in faecal lysates from 33 microscope (MO)-positive and 93 MO-negativeTriatoma infestans, 2 MO-positive and 38 MO-negativeTriatoma guasayanaand 2 MO-positive and 73 MO-negativeTriatoma garciabesi. kDNA-PCR detectedT. cruziin 91% MO-positive and 7·5% MO-negativeT. infestans, which were confirmed by amplification of the minicircle conserved region. In contrast, kDNA-PCR was negative in all faecal samples from the other triatomine species. A panel of PCR-based genomic markers (intergenic region of spliced-leader DNA, 24Sα and 18S rRNA genes and A10 sequence) was implemented to identify the parasite lineages directly in DNA lysates from faeces and culture isolates from 28 infected specimens. Two were found to be infected with TCI, 24 with TCIIe, 1 with TCIId and 1 revealed a mixed TCI+TCII infection in the faecal sample whose corresponding culture only showed TCII, providing evidence of the advantages of direct typing of biological samples. This study provides an upgrade in the current diagnosis and lineage identification ofT. cruziin field-collected triatomines and showsT. cruziII strains as predominant in the region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Faecal DNA"
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Larson, Eloise. "Acoustically driven faecal DNA extraction and qPCR." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30625/.
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Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacteria avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), plagues cattle and dairy farmers worldwide. Infected animals suffer from chronic granulomatous enteritis, reduced fertility, decline in milk production and emaciation. It is spread through colostrum, milk and faeces. Johne’s disease has also become strongly associated with human Crohn’s disease due to the similarity in symptoms and the presence of MAP in samples taken from Crohn’s disease patients. Currently there is not cure for Johne’s disease, therefore, routine testing and isolation or culling of diseased animals are measures used to prevent infection. At present, the gold standard test for MAP is by faecal culture, which can take up to 4 months to reach a diagnosis. The low-cost ELISA test has a shorter diagnosis duration, however, it uses blood or milk samples for testing which do not correlate with the bacterial shedding in faecal samples. As a result of this mismatch in bacterial shedding between blood, milk and faeces, ELISA testing lacks in both sensitivity and specificity to MAP when compared to faecal culture and PCR tests. PCR can be sensitive and specific for MAP testing, although it is currently the most expensive test for MAP detection within the UK. Reducing the cost of PCR testing was one of the motivating factors during the development of this assay and device. In this thesis, surface acoustic waves (SAW) have been used to create, develop and test a diagnostic device and the assay for Johne’s disease. SAW is becoming an increasingly popular tool in the field of diagnostic devices due to its multi-functionality which allows for many pieces of laboratory equipment to be consolidated into one device. In using SAW there was no longer a need for laboratory equipment usually used to perform a DNA extraction because SAW could be used to mix, heat and move the sample droplet. Traditional, laboratory-based faecal DNA extraction was adapted for use with SAW. To date, faecal DNA extraction using SAW has not been published. The SAW-driven, droplet-based assay developed during this project used 90% less DNA extraction reagents than the traditional tube-style method. Due to the thermal resistant nature of MAP it is particularly difficult to lyse during DNA extraction. The newly created SAW faecal DNA extraction was used to retrieve and clean DNA sufficiently for successful PCR to follow. In the context of faecal samples, this was particularly challenging due to the PCR inhibitors found in these complex samples. To investigate the effectiveness of the SAW DNA extraction, K-10 strain of genomic MAP DNA, MAP cell cultures and pre-tested bovine faecal samples were tested to prepare the MAP DNA for amplification and detection. DNA extraction was followed by SAW PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the SAW PCR was ensured by using both IS900 and F57 target sequences. IS900 is repeated 17 times in the MAP genome thereby providing sensitivity down to 102 CFU/g. F57 is only repeated once therefore providing specificity. Specificity of the assay was further improved by using TaqMan probes to quantify the PCR. In order to keep this PCR-based assay stable in the absence of cold-chain storage, the disaccharide sugar trehalose was added to the PCR reagents and freeze dried to determine its ability to maintain performance. These experiments enhanced the future portability of this assay. It was found that reagents maintained activity for at least 41 days after freeze drying and this duration is expected to be extended. During this thesis, a newly developed acoustically driven DNA extraction and qPCR was integrated onto one device which had the capability of detecting as few as 5 MAP genomes. This novel proof-of-concept research, lays the foundation for an acoustically driven portable device for use on faecal samples and in this case, for the detection of Johne’s disease.
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Hey, Grace Valasi, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Identification of individual koalas: microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Hey_G.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/451.
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Current studies of koalas in the wild mainly rely on information gathered by traditional field methods, such as community sightings, spotlighting, radiotracking, animal trappings, ear tagging and faecal pellet incidence. Collection of faeces is potentially the most reliable source of non-invasively obtaining DNA samples, which can be used to identify specific individuals. This thesis demonstrated a simple, rapid and reproducible method of extracting DNA from Koala faecal pellets using a commercially available DNA extraction kit, shows the maximum age of pellets from which DNA can be reliably extracted and defines the conditions required for the long term storage of pellets before DNA extraction is carried out. Mitochondrial DNA PCR analysis provided a simple and rapid indication of the success of both the faecal DNA extraction and pellet collection process. The faecal DNA was successfully used for microsatellite analysis and the subsequent genetic profiling of individuals from within the Campbelltown Koala population. The study paves the way for the analysis of microsatellite loci in koala faecal pellet DAN to study populations, which are too sparsely distributed to allow the capture of individual koalas<br>Master of Science (M. Sc.) (Hons.)
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Hey, Grace Valasi. "Identification of individual koalas : microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051220.110416/index.html.
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Barr, Erik David. "Non-radioisotopic microsatellite genotyping of timber wolves (Canis lupus) using faecal DNA." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0002/MQ45362.pdf.
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OLIVEIRA-MONTEIRO, NÁDIA, VANESSA LOPES-RODRIGUES, ESTELA BASTOS, and HENRIQUE GUEDES-PINTO. "Suiformes conservation: a study case of strategies for DNA utilization." INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626097.
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Berlin, Ingrid. "Tracking an elusive predator: Studying the Scandinavian lynx population by use of genetic markers." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8095.
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<p>Abstract</p><p>Gaining accurate population information is crucial for the conservation and management of species. The National Monitoring Program for Large Carnivores monitors the Swedish lynx population (species Lynx lynx) by surveying family groups, non-invasive sampling and genetic analysis. Ten microsatellite regions were used as genetic markers to retrieve unique individual genotypes, through polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with specific primer-pairs and capillary-electrophoresis. Complete genotypes were matched using an internal database. The aim of this degree project was to show how monitoring of lynx through genetic analysis is carried out at the Department of Evolutionary Biology at Uppsala University, and to evaluate how effective these methods are and how they might be improved.</p><p>Even though most of the methods used were fairly robust and reproducible, non-invasive sampling and microsatellite analysis posed some problems regarding DNA quality and quantity, and increased the risks of certain genotyping errors. These risks might be worth taking though, as genetic analysis, in combination with field observations, gives a more comprehensive picture of the Swedish lynx population.</p>
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Oliveira, Márcio Leite de. "Análise molecular de amostras fecais de uma população de veado-mateiro (Mazama americana) para a obtenção de informações genéticas e ecológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-20092010-105927/.
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O gênero Mazama é composto por cinco espécies no Brasil. São animais de visualização dificultada por causa de comportamentos evasivos, o que torna as capturas e os estudos comportamentais quase impossíveis. Assim, o uso de metodologias não invasivas para estudos ecológicos e genéticos destas espécies se torna necessário. A análise do DNA fecal está dentro das técnicas mais promissoras para esse fim. Este estudo objetivou genotipar amostras fecais, de uma população de veado-mateiro (Mazama americana) para a obtenção de informações genéticas e ecológicas. Para tanto, foram coletadas, com auxílio de um cão farejador, georreferenciadas e estocadas em etanol absoluto, 52 amostras fecais de cervídeos. A coleta realizou-se em um fragmento (21o20S 47o17W) de 600 ha de floresta estacional semidecidual. Dessas amostras coletadas, 31% (n=16) foram classificadas como frescas e 69% (n=36) como não frescas. O DNA foi extraído em torno de 30 dias após a coleta, usando o kit comercial QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit, seguindo o protocolo do fabricante. Das 52 amostras, 45 foram identificadas por PCR/RFLP como pertencentes a M. americana e as demais apresentaram problemas de amplificação e digestão, permanecendo sem identificação. Amplificaram-se por PCR cinco locos microssatélites, e o sucesso de amplificação, visualizado em gel de agarose, variou com o tamanho dos locos e com a classe das amostras. O sucesso de amplificação foi de 65% das amostras da categoria fresca e 35% das amostras da categoria não fresca. Encontrou-se uma correlação negativa (R= -0,82) entre o tamanho dos fragmentos dos locos de microssatélites e o sucesso de amplificação. Foi possível identificar o sexo do animal em 43,7% das amostras fecais, pela amplificação do gene da amelogenina. Os locos microssatélites amplificados foram analisados em sequenciador automático. Os eletroferogramas gerados pelo seqüenciador impossibilitaram a genotipagem da maioria dos locos e amostras, tornando inviável qualquer análise genética e ecológica com confiabilidade. Fica evidente a dificuldade de se trabalhar com a metodologia do DNA fecal para a identificação individual e sexagem de amostras obtidas de Cervídeos florestais em vida livre. Algumas melhorias metodológicas (coleta de amostras fecais frescas, seleção de iniciadores para locos menores e quantificação do DNA extraído por PCR em tempo real) são sugeridas para o aumento nos índices de sucesso na genotipgem em estudos futuros.<br>Mazama genus is composed by five species in Brazil. All of them are difficult to observe due to their evasive behaviors, what makes the captures and behavioral studies almost impossible. Thus, the use of non invasive methodologies is necessary to study the ecology and genetics of these species. The fecal DNA analysis is one of the most promising techniques for this purpose. This study aimed to genotype a Mazama americana population faecal samples for obtaining genetics and ecological information. For this, 52 deer faecal samples were collected in a 600ha seasonal semideciduos forest fragment (21o20S 47o17W), with the help of a detection dog, stored in ethanol and georeferenced. Of these samples 31% (n=16) was classified as fresh and 69% (n=36) as not fresh. About thirty days after the collection the DNA was extracted using the QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit following the manufacturers instructions. From the 52 samples collected and extracted, 45 were identified by PCR/RFLP as M. americana and the others showed amplification and digestion problems, remaining without identification. Five microsatellite loci were amplified by PCR and the amplification success, visualized in agarose gel, varied with the loco size and age class. The amplifications success occurred in 65% of the fresh samples and in 35% of the non-fresh samples and a negative correlation (R= -0.82) was found between amplification success and loci sizes. It was possible to identify the animal sex in 43% of the samples by the amelogenin gene. The microsatellite loci amplifications were analyzed in an automatic sequencer. The majority of the samples and loci were impossible to genotype because of the quality of the elestroferograms, what made impossible any reliable genetic and ecological analysis. It is evident the difficulty to work with the faecal DNA methodology using field collected forests deer samples for individual and sexual identifications. Some methodological improvements (collect fresh samples, select primers for shorter loci and quantify the extracted DNA by real time PCR) are suggested to increase the genotyping success indexes in future studies
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Oliveira, Márcio Leite de. "Distribuição e estimativa populacional do veado-mão-curta (Mazama nana) utilizando amostragem não invasiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-15102015-153836/.
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O veado-mão-curta (Mazama nana) é uma espécie de cervídeo que ocupa a região Sul do Brasil, norte da Argentina e leste do Paraguai, tendo sido severamente afetada pela redução drástica das áreas florestadas. Trata-se, também, da espécie de cervídeo neotropical menos estudada pela ciência. Frente a essa situação, o presente projeto propôs-se a entender como essa espécie se distribui em sua área de ocorrência, propôs áreas prioritárias para sua conservação e estimou a densidade de duas populações. Dada a raridade e a alta elusividade da espécie, propôs-se o uso de metodologias indiretas para se atingir o objetivo proposto. Assim, foram usadas metodologias baseadas na coleta de amostras fecais, extração do DNA e posterior análises molecular e genética. Foram coletadas amostras fecais com o auxílio de um cão farejador em unidades de conservação distribuídas ao longo do Sul do Brasil. Após a identificação da espécie por meio da amplificação de um fragmento do citocromo B e corte com enzimas de restrição (PCR/RFLP) e com os dados de localização das amostras, foram feitas modelagens de distribuição com o software Maxent. Foram escolhidas duas unidades de conservação, onde foram realizadas coletas de amostras fecais, baseadas em faixas, para possibilitar a estimativa da densidade de animais nestas populações. Estabeleceu-se a distribuição geográfica potencial de M. nana no Brasil para os Estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina, norte e centro do Rio Grande do Sul, extremo sul de São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul. Porção leste do Paraguai e, na Argentina para a província de Missiones. A densidade da espécie para a região norte do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu foi de 1,9 ind/km2 e para o Parque Estadual Vila Rica do Espírito Santo foi de 5,5 ind/km2. A população potencial da espécie foi de 152.991 indivíduos, sendo 15.524 indivíduos a população dentro das áreas protegidas. Sugere-se a manutenção do estado de conservação da espécie como Vulnerável, tanto na lista Brasileira como na lista Internacional de fauna ameaçada de extinção.<br>The Brazilian dwarf brocket (Mazama nana) is a deer species that occupies the forests of southern Brazil, north of Argentina and east of Paraguay. It has been greatly affected by the drastic reduction of forested areas. It is also the less studied neotropical deer. Considering this situation, this project aimed to shed light on the species distribution along its range, to indicate conservation priority areas and estimate the density of two populations. Given the rarity and high elusiveness of the species, it is proposed the use of indirect methods to achieve this goal. Fecal samples collection based methodologies were used, followed by DNA extraction and subsequent molecular and genetic analysis. Fecal samples were tracked and collected in protected areas spread over south Brazil, with the help of a scat detection dog. After species identification by PCR/RFLP and samples spatialization, species distribution modeling was carried out using Maxent software suit. Two protected areas were chosen for a faecal sampling based on transects, in order to estimate the population density. Potential geographical distribution of M. nana in Brazil was stablished at states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, northern and center Rio Grande do Sul, extreme South of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul. Also at Eastern Paraguay and Missiones province in Argentina. Species density at the northern area of Iguaçu National Park was 1.9 ind/km2 and at the State Park of Vila Rica do Espírito Santo was 5.5 ind/km2. The species potential population was 152,991 individuals, including 15,524 individuals inside protected areas. It is suggested to maintain species conservation status as vulnerable on the Brazilian and on the International red list of threatened species.
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Bowkett, Andrew Edward. "Genetic patterns in forest antelope populations : implications for the conservation of key species in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9242.
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The field of conservation genetics, in combination with non-invasive sampling, provides a powerful set of tools for investigating the conservation status and natural history of rare species that are otherwise difficult to study. A systematic literature review demonstrated that this is certainly the case for many forest associated antelope species, which are poorly studied and yet constitute some of the most heavily hunted wildlife in Africa. The aim of the present study was to use non-invasive sampling to investigate genetic patterns in forest antelope populations in the high-biodiversity Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, within the context of the conservation of these species and the wider ecosystem. Genetic information was derived from faecal samples collected across the Udzungwa landscape and assigned to five antelope species (N = 618, collected 2006-09). Faecal pellet length was measured for a subset of samples but statistical assignment to species by this method proved unreliable. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial control region sequences unexpectedly revealed that Harvey’s duiker within the Udzungwas are paraphyletic with respect to sequences from a putative sister species from southern Africa. However, there was no corresponding pattern in the microsatellite dataset suggesting that these mitochondrial lineages do not represent contemporary genetic isolation. Instead, Harvey’s duiker nuclear variation is shaped both by isolation by distance, due to positive spatial autocorrelation at short distances, and clustering of distinct genotypes from western outlying forests. These forests also harbour the endangered Abbott’s duiker and therefore require effective conservation management. Despite being detected throughout the Udzungwas, genetic diversity in Abbott’s duiker was very low in comparison to other species. These results suggest several promising research directions but also have significant conservation implications that will be disseminated to the Tanzanian wildlife authorities and the wider conservation community.
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Kurenbach, Brigitta. "Konjugativer DNA-Transfer zwischen Gram-positiven und Gram-negativen Spezies: Transferkomponenten des Multiresistenzplasmids pIP501 aus Streptococcus agalactiae." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971485305.
Full textBooks on the topic "Faecal DNA"
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Davies, Lisa Jane. Ysgol y Faenol, Penrhosgarnedd, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2NN: Arolygiad dan Adran 10 o Ddeddf Arolygiadau Ysgolion 1996 : rhif ysgol: 661/3009 : dyddiad yr arolygiad: 5-7 Hydref, 1998. [Cardiff?]: [Welsh Office?], 1998.
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Yusof, Ab Aziz, and Ahmad Bashir Aziz. Pengurusan perniagaan Islam : Konsep, isu dan pelaksanaan. UUM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789833827664.
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Buku ini disediakan khusus untuk pengurus dan bakal Pengurus Muslim dan juga bukan Muslim. Bagi pengurus dan bakal Pengurus Muslim kehadiran buku ini akan mengembalikan dan mengukuhkan keyakinan mereka bahawa Islam adalah agamayang syumul. Buku ini juga turut membincangkan isu-isu berkaitan dengan pengurusan perniagaan yang boleh dipraktikkan dalam kehidupan harian. Sementara itu, bagi pengurus dan bakal pengurus daripada kalangan bukan Muslim, kehadiran buku ini akan membolehkan mereka membuat perbandingan antara pendekatan pengurusan perniagaan lazim dengan pengurusan perniagaan Islam. Perlu ditegaskan nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam pengurusan perniagaan Islam perlu didedahkan, diambil faedah dan dieksploit bagi membolehkan setiap pengurus dan bakal pengurus sama ada dari kalangan Muslim dan bukan Muslim untuk lebih bersedia mengambil faedah daripada kelebihan yang terdapat dalam pengurusan perniagaan Islam. Bagi mencapai tujuan murni ini, buku ini akan membongkar kekuatan yang dimiliki dalam pengurusan perniagaan Islam yang pernah diamalkan dan telah terbukti berjaya membawa kemakmuran hakiki kepada manusia sejagat untuk selama hampir 1,000 tahun. Bagi penulis, pengurusan perniagaan Islam boleh diibaratkan sebagai sebiji mutiara yang sangat berharga yang telah sejak sekian lama hilang daripada pemilikan umat Islam dan juga manusia sejagat.Pada hari ini mutiara ini telah kembali ditemui dan dimiliki. Oleh itu, menjadi peranan setiap Pengurus Muslim untuk membersih dan menggilap mutiara ini yang telah lama disaluti debu dan lumpur agar kembali bercahaya.
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Yusof, Ab Aziz. Penilaian prestasi konsep dan pelaksanaan. UUM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9839559583.
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Setiap organisasi perlu mengetahui bahawa penilaian prestasi terhadap pekerja bukanlah satu tugas yang menyenangkan bagi setiap pengurus.Pengurus terpaksa menghadapi dilema, ketidakpastian, dan risiko kesan daripada setiap keputusan yang diambil semasa proses penilaian prestasi. Terdapat tendensi pekerja akan menganggap bahawa penilaian prestasi bukan sebagai isu utama jika dinilai secara lembut.Sebaliknya, jika penilaian prestasi dilakukan secara tegas, akan mengakibatkan kekecewaan, perseteruan dan konflik.Oleh itu, penilaian prestasi perlu ditangani sebaik mungkin agar semua pihak akan mendapat faedah, hasil daripada perlaksanaannya.Buku ini disediakan khusus untuk pengurus dan kakitangan awam, sektor swasta, badan-badan bukan kerajaan, ahli akademik dan golongan profesional, yang mempunyai masalah dalam penilaian prestasi.Selain itu, pelajar IPT juga disarankan membaca buku ini kerana mereka akan turut menghadapi masalah yang sama pada masa hadapan.
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Scott, Wiliam R. Teori perakaunan kewangan. UUM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/983068153x.
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Buku ini dapat menambahkan keyakinan kepada kita untuk mempelajari peranan perakaunan dan laporan kewangan dalam masyarakat yang meliputi pasaran sekuriti dan penyelidikan berasaskan ekonomi yang dibuat selama beberapa tahun. Ditegaskan bahawa teori perakaunan kewangan dengan sendirinya wujud apabila kita secara formalnya mengenal pasti maklumat yang tidak sama terdapat dalam hubungan perniagaan. Cabarannya adalah untuk menyusun penyelidikan yang besar ini menjadi rangka kerja yang seragam.Buku ini sangat istimewa kerana ia mengambil kira laporan struktur institusi dalam perakaunan kewangan dan penetapan piawai seperti perakaunan pengiktirafan rizab, analisis dan perbincangan pengurusan, terjemahan tukaran asing, faedah selepas persaraan, instrumen kewangan, penanda kepada pasaran dan ujian bumbung dinilai secara kritis.
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Yusof, Ab Aziz. Penilaian prestasi maklum balas 360 darjah pilihan atau tuntutan. UUM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9832078202.
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Pelaksanaan penilaian prestasi organisasi kini dan masa hadapan terpaksa berhadapan dengan pelbagai situasi dan isu yang sudah tentu memerlukan pengurus yang berkebolehan untuk menanganinya. Sehubungan itu, buku ini dapat membantupelbagai pihak untuk membuat persiapan secara proaktif bagi menghadapi isuisu yang kian kompleks. Pendekatan penilaian prestasi maklum balas 360 darjah ini membekalkan maklumat yang lebih menyeluruh, relevan, sah dan kebolehpercayaanyang tinggi berhubung dengan penilaian prestasi pekerja. Banyak faedah dan kesan dapat dilihat apabila sesebuah organisasi menggunakan kaedah penilaian prestasi ini.Sebagai contoh, organisasi dapat menyediakan pekerja yang berkualiti, mempunyai kerjasama yang erat, komited dengan tugas, meningkatkan motivasi pekerja dan sebagainya. Buku ini disediakan khusus untuk pengurus-pengurus yang berkhidmat dalam agensi-agensi kerajaan dan swasta yang menghadapi masalah dalam melaksanakan penilaian prestasi.
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Abu Bakar, Abu Sufian, Shazida Mohd Khan, Ahmad Zafrullah Abd Jalil, and Asan Ali Golam Hassan. Urusan wang, perbankan dan kewangan analisis mikroekonomi. UUM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9833282997.
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Buku ini mengandungi 13 bab dalam empat bahagian utama. Bahagian Pertama mengandungi 2 bab, Bab 1 menjelaskan pengenalan kepada wang bermula dari sejarah penciptaan wang sehinggalah kepada pentakrifan wang. Bab 2 membincangkan tentang sistem kewangan dan tumpuan diberi kepada sistem kewangan di Malaysia serta perbandingan teori. Permasalahan kadar bunga, pulangan dan penentuannya diterangkan secara mendalam di dalam Bab 3 dan Bab 4. Struktur sistem kewangan dijelaskan peranannya kepada ekonomi sehingga kepada pewujudan sistem perbankan yang terdiri dari bank Perdangangan sehingga kepada proses penciptaan deposit ; Bank Pusat tumpuan terhadap Bank Negara Malaysia; bank Perdangangan di Malaysia ; dan Sistem kewangan tanpa Faedah dijelaskan di Bab 5 sehinggalah Bab 9. Bahagian Keempat mencakupi empat bab lagi yang memberi tumpuan kepada isu wang dalam ekonomi, Teori Permintaan dan Penawaran Wang serta Keberkesanan Dasar Kewangan.
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Shaffie, Fuziah. Komunikasi dalam kerja sosial. UUM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474601.
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Kehidupan seharian memerlukan komunikasi untuk menyampaikan mesej, nasihat atau pesanan kepada individu yang lain.Komunikasi juga menjadi faktor utama menentukan pelbagai jenis perhubungan yang akan dilakukan dengan orang lain.Kerja sosial ialah satu bidang yang memerlukan interaksi dan komunikasi yang berkesan dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu kes atau tugasan.Kemahiran komunikasi sangat diperlukan dalam bidang ini kerana komunikasi merupakan medium yang penting untuk berinteraksi.Pekerja sosial yang baik perlu peka dengan permasalahan klien dengan mendengar penuh teliti atau menyelami masalah klien agar mesej dan simbol yang diberikan oleh klien diterima dengan jelas untuk membantu dalam proses penyelesaian masalah.Buku ini antara lain membincangkan konsep, elemen dan model komunikasi dalam proses memberi bantuan.Huraian juga diberikan kepada tiga jenis komunikasi iaitu komunikasi intrapersonal, komunikasi interpersonal dan komunikasi kelompok.Aspek lain yang turut disentuh berkaitan komunikasi massa, peralatan komunikasi, pengurusan teknologi maklumat serta etika komunikasi dalam konteks kerja sosial.Seterusnya, buku ini diterbitkan untuk kegunaan institusi pengajian yang berkaitan dengan kerja sosial khususnya untuk faedah pelajar, pensyarah dan pengamal kerja sosial membuat rujukan dan seterusnya memahami dengan lebih terperinci tentang maksud, elemen dan asas komunikasi sesama manusia dan dalam melakukan tugasan berkaitan amalan kerja sosial terhadap klien.
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Rahim, Mohd Syahrir, Ahmad Zamil Abd. Khalid, Sahadah Hj. Abdullah, Syahrina Abdullah, Saudah Ahmad, Norria Zakaria, Iskandar Adon, Armanurah Mohamad, and Donny Abdul Latief Poespowidjojo. Asas keusahawanan: Ke arah pengukuhan minda dan kemahiran keusahawanan. UUM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672064183.
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Keusahawanan merupakan asas kepada pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat dan negara. Kepentingan bidang keusahawanan merangkumi pelbagai faedah sosial dan ekonomi kepada individu, masyarakat dan negara. Bidang keusahawanan telah membantu penjanaan peluang pekerjaan dan penghasilan pelbagai produk menerusi inovasi dan kreativiti usahawan. Impak yang diberikan ini telah meletakkan bidang keusahawanan sebagai teras dalam agenda negara menerusi Model Ekonomi Baharu dalam mentransformasikan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara ke tahap yang lebih tinggi. Pembangunan keusahawanan bermula dengan pembentukan budaya keusahawanan di peringkat awal sehinggalah ke peringkat pengajian tinggi. Berdasarkan kepada Lonjakan 1 Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (Pengajian Tinggi) 2015- 2025, pihak Kementerian Pendidikan telah memberi penekanan kepada usaha membangunkan graduan holistik, seimbang serta bercirikan keusahawanan. Sehubungan itu, modul ini telah direka bentuk dengan mengambil kira Kerangka Kelayakan Malaysia (KKM) 8 iaitu kemahiran mengurus dan keusahawanan. Kemahiran Keusahawanan di bawah domain ini merangkumi pembangunan minda keusahawanan dan kemahiran keusahawanan. Minda keusahawanan merujuk kepada pemikiran yang mempengaruhi perlakuan pelajar ke arah hasil dan aktiviti keusahawanan, di mana pelajar yang berminda keusahawanan akan mempunyai kecenderungan ke arah inovasi, peluang dan hasil reka cipta baharu. Sementara itu, kemahiran keusahawanan pula meliputi sub-atribut seperti pengalaman keusahawanan, pengenalpastian peluang keusahawanan, toleransi risiko, lokus kawalan dalaman, pencapaian dan ketabahan, serta pengurusan kewangan. Modul ini bukan sahaja sesuai diguna dan dimanfaatkan oleh pelajar dalam jurusan perniagaan dan keusahawanan, malah turut sesuai bagi pelajar dalam lain-lain bidang bagi menjana budaya dan kemahiran keusahawanan. Dengan liputan yang komprehensif dalam pelbagai aspek keusahawanan, modul ini turut sesuai dijadikan rujukan oleh para usahawan terutamanya yang baru mula menceburi perniagaan.
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Azhar, Alias, and Mohammad Azam Hussain. Pengurusan zakat tanaman padi. UUM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672064244.
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Zakat pertanian merupakan antara sumber zakat yang penting di Malaysia.Hal ini kerana sektor pertanian antara sektor utama yang menjadi tulang belakang kepada ekonomi di Malaysia di samping sektor perkhidmatan dan sosioekonomi masyarakat Malaysia juga antaranya berasaskan pertanian. Pertubuhan kutipan zakat di Malaysia telah pun menjalankan kutipan zakat hasil tanaman atau pertanian demi merealisasikan tuntutan syariat. Hasil pertanian yang wajib dikeluarkan di Malaysia ialah hasil pertanian yang berbentuk makanan asasi (qut al-balad) dan mengenyangkan bagi sesebuah negeri. Pentakrifan inilah yang diperjelaskan oleh kebanyakan pusat pungutan zakat negeri di Malaysia seperti Kedah (Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah), Selangor (Lembaga Zakat Selangor), Melaka (Pusat Zakat Melaka), Pahang (Pusat Kutipan Zakat Pahang) dan lain-lain.Dalam konteks Malaysia dimaklumi bahawa makanan asasi masyarakatnya beras ataupun padi. Oleh sebab itu, zakat tanaman adalah diwajibkan ke atas padi apabila telah sempurna syarat-syaratnya.Zakat tanaman suatu perkara yang penting dalam Islam yang menjadi salah satu ibadat sebagai bukti ketaatan kepada Allah, bahkan mendatangkan kemaslahatan dalam kehidupan umat Islam. Memperkasakan zakat sama seperti memperkasakan umat Islam. Pemerkasaan zakat pertanian dapat memberikan beberapa faedah antaranya, mempertingkatkan taraf sosioekonomi umat Islam, menjamin pusingan kekayaan dalam kalangan masyarakat dan membantu golongan yang memerlukan terutamanya fakir miskin. Disebabkan itulah setiap bidang pengurusan zakat padi perlu diperkemaskan dari sudut tadbir urus, kaedah kutipan dan agihan zakat serta mempertingkatkan produktiviti zakat tanaman padi.Buku ini memberikan beberapa cadangan yang perlu diberi perhatian dalam usaha memperkasakan zakat pertanian khusus tanaman padi di negeri Kedah. Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya kerjasama erat antara pengusaha sawah dengan pihak pengurusan pertanian serta pentadbir zakat negeri Kedah dalam merealisasikan cadangan serta idea yang telah dikemukakan.
Book chapters on the topic "Faecal DNA"
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Wakabayashi, Kenichi, and Masayuki Yamamura. "A Realization of Information Gate by Using Enterococcus faecalis Pheromone System." In DNA Computing, 269–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48017-x_25.
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Wakabayashi, Kenichi, and Masayuki Yamamura. "The Enterococcus faecalis Information Gate." In Cellular Computing. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155396.003.0011.
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Information exchange between cellular compartments allows us to engineer systems based around cooperative principles. In this chapter we consider a unique bacterial communication system, the conjugative plasmid transfer of Enterococcus faecalis. Using these bacteria, we describe how to engineer a logically controlled information gate and build a logical inverter based upon it. Cellular computing is an alternative computing paradigm based on living cells. Microscale organisms, especially bacteria, are well suited for computing for several reasons. A small culture provides an almost limitless supply of bacterial “hardware.” Bacteria can be stored and easily modified by gene recombination. In addition, and important for our purposes, bacteria can produce various signal molecules that are useful for computation. DNA-binding proteins recognize specific regulatory regions of DNA, bind them, and regulate their genetic expression. These proteins are available for use as computing signals inside the cell. Weiss et al. have shown, for example, how to construct logic circuits based on gene expression regulated by DNA-binding proteins. Some signal molecules are associated with intercellular communications between individuals. Intercellular communication is one of the fundamental characteristics of multicellular organisms, but it is also found in single-celled microorganisms, including bacteria. Communication mediated by homoserine lactones can widely be seen in various Gram-negative bacteria. The mechanism of this behavior was well characterized in Vibrio fischeri, due to their bioluminescent activity mediated by homoserine lactones. It has been shown that bacterial information transfer can be engineered as an extension of Escherichia coli into which the lux genes of Vibrio fischeri are transformed. The communication abilities of bacteria therefore allow us to build microbial information processors for cellular computing. Communication mechanisms in Gram-positive bacteria are not yet well understood. One of the exceptions to this is the conjugative plasmid transfer system in Enterococcus faecalis. E. faecalis conjugate in response to a pheromone is released by other cells. Pheromones are seven- or eight-residue amino peptides produced in E. faecalis. In the case of cPD1, the pheromone is produced by truncation of a 22-residue precursor that is the signal peptide of a lipoprotein.
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OLIVEIRA, Albério Batista De, Thales Gustavo Menezes Santana FERREIRA, Carina Scolari GOSCH, Eduardo Fernandes MARQUES, Guilherme Nobre Lima Do NASCIMENTO, and Rodney Haulien Oliveira VIANA. "Análise in vitro da ação antibacteriana do extrato de Costus Spiralis (Costaceae) sobre Enterococcus Faecalis." In Ciência da Saúde: da teoria à prática, 123–38. Uniedusul, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/518883.1-8.
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Silva, Marlucia Vieira da, Nathália de Matos Santos, and Alcides Gomes de Oliveira. "Terapia fotodinâmica como método coadjuvante contra a bactéria enterococcus faecalis no tratamento endodôntico - revisão de literatura." In Saúde Integral – da teoria à prática – vol. III, 213–22. Uniedusul Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51324/86010541.22.
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Barker, Graeme. "Identifying Foragers and Farmers." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0008.
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One of the most exciting aspects of studying transitions from foraging to farming is the extraordinary range of evidence available, and the necessary interdisciplinarity of the exercise (Barker and Grant, 1999; Dincauze, 2000). The primary data for whether prehistoric people were living as foragers or farmers (or combining activities, as was often the case) have been collected by archaeologists, from their surveys and excavations. For much of the history of study, subsistence patterns were inferred principally from interpretations of artefacts, settlements, and associated structures. More recently, studies of artefact use have been strengthened by the application of techniques of physical and chemical analyses of food residues attached to them. A vital strand of research has been on the environmental contexts in which early farming took place. Such studies, of sediments, soils, and the microscopic flora and fauna they contain, have contributed reconstructions at a wide variety of scales, from regional climatic and environmental histories of late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic change to the landscapes of single occupation sites—the recognition of signs of animal stalling, for example. From the 1960s onwards, priority has also been given on archaeological excavations to the collection of the organic materials that survive in many conditions such as fragments of animal bone and seeds and other fragments of plants, waste discarded from the consumption of food that is the primary evidence for systems of subsistence. In certain conditions even faeces may survive, telling us about individual meals. Human teeth and bone provide further information about diet. Molecular biology is a new and exciting area of current research, with modern and ancient DNA (aDNA) being used to infer population histories and domestication processes (Jobling et al., 2004; M. Jones, 2001; Renfrew and Boyle, 2000). Further contributions have come from linguistics: studies of present-day languages have been used in support of theories about how farming was spread by new language groups (Bellwood and Renfrew, 2002). The art systems created by foragers and early farmers are yet another source of information, amongst the most intriguing for their potential insights about the beliefs of the people who created them. In short, there is a remarkably broad church of disciplines with contributions to offer, though integrating their findings can be challenging.
Conference papers on the topic "Faecal DNA"
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Dinata, Gallyndra Fatkhu, Luqman Qurata Aini, and Abdul Latief Abadi. "Pengaruh Pemberian Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Indigenous terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum)." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2021.231.
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Penelitian Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) banyak dikembangkan untuk menerapkan sistem pertanian yang berkelanjutan. Hasil dari eksplorasi PGPB indigenous di alam seperti UB Forest menambah informasi pengendalian hayati yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui isolat PGPB indigenous yang diisolasi dari serasah kopi UB Forest memiliki pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Februari – April 2020 di KabupatenMalang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Penelitian menggunakan seed treatment pada bibit bawang merah sehat varietas Philip tanpa perlakuan inokulasi patogen. Perlakuan yang digunakan antara lain kontrol dan lima isolat PGPB indigenous yaitu Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus mycoides, Clostridium sp., Erwinia sp., dan Pseudomonas sp.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PGPB indigenous memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman bawang merah. Namun, peningkatan parameter pertumbuhan tersebut tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan jumlah daun dan produksi senyawa ketahanan yaitu enzim peroksida yang dihasilkan pada daun bawang merah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian awal untuk menentukan isolat PGPB indigenous yang selanjutnya akan diuji kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah apabila dilakukan induksi penyakit layu fusarium.
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Lettini, A. A., Lisa Barco, M. C. dalla Pozza, E. Ramon, A. Longo, Mancin Marzia, and Antonia Ricci. "Comparison of DNA extraction methods to detect Salmonella spp. from pig faeces and pork." In Fifth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborn Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-581.
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Matovu, Jacob, and Ahmet Alçiçek. "Investigations and Concerns about the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Livestock." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.011.
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The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein from feed derived from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been a major issue since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated the risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and protein to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, but some of the reported data are controversial. Previous reports showed that tDNA fragments or proteins derived from GM plants could not be detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products from livestock. Other researchers have shown that there is a possibility of small fragments entering animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the probable transfer and accumulation of tDNA/proteins from transgenic feeds in animal samples (ruminant and non-ruminant) by evaluating the available experimental studies published scientifically. This study found that the tDNA/protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (cattle), tDNA fragments/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, rumen fluid, and faeces. In small ruminants (goats), traces of tDNA/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they were detected in blood, spleen, liver, kidney, and GIT digesta. In poultry, traces were detected in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and eggs. Notwithstanding some studies that have shown transfer of tDNA/protein fragments in animal samples, we cannot rely on these few studies to give general evidence for transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of farm animals. However, this study clearly shows that transfer is possible. Therefore, intensive and authentic research should be conducted on GM plants before they are approved for commercial use, investigating issues such as the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effects of feeding GM feed to livestock.
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LUIS BAPTISTA DE GUSMÃO, PEDRO, THAIS DA SILVA FEITOSA, Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes, Eloá Cristina Bícego-Pereira, and MAICON RICARDO ZIEBERG PASSINI. "Isolamento e identificação de Enterococcus faecalis de dentes submetidos à reintervenção endodôntica." In XXIV Congresso de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP - 2016. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2016-51716.
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Paula Figueiredo De Almeida Gomes, Brenda, Maikon Tadeu Ferrari Martinucho, ElaÍse Gabriele Martins, and Beatriz Leonardo Prudenciano. "Avaliação de substâncias químicas auxiliares, utilizadas em endodontia, na redução de Enterococcus faecalis." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-38003.
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Pereira, Rubens Maciel Martins, Weaver Santos Oliveira, and Iara Furtado Santiago. "COVID-19 E INFECÇÕES RELACIONADAS À ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1200.
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Introdução: As Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde - IRAS - são caracterizadas como infecções relacionadas à internação ou a procedimentos cirúrgicos e que se manifestam durante internações ou após a alta. Elas são responsáveis pelo aumento da morbidade/mortalidade e apresentam grande impacto socioeconômico, nos Estados Unidos, anualmente, os gastos com IRAS chegam a 45 bilhões de dólares. No atual cenário pandêmico do Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda - SARS-CoV-2, responsável pela síndrome respiratória viral mais grave desde a pandemia de influenza H1N1, em 1918, grande parte dos leitos hospitalares são destinados a pacientes com COVID-19. Estes se mostraram mais susceptíveis às IRAS, o que leva à necessidade de investigar quais elementos estão envolvidos nesse processo. Objetivo: Analisar a susceptibilidade de pacientes com COVID-19 às IRAS e quais são os principais sítios e microrganismos relacionados. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, mediante análise de artigos em português e inglês publicados no PubMed, no Scielo e no NCBI , utilizando-se dos descritores "COVID-19", "Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde", “IRAS” e “SARS-CoV-2”. Resultados: As infecções mais frequentes foram as de corrente sanguínea, primárias ou secundárias ao cateter central - ocorreram em aproximadamente 57% dos casos - e apresentaram maior incidência em pacientes COVID-positivo, principalmente após o sétimo dia de infecção, quando comparado aos pacientes COVID-negativo. A evolução para choque séptico ocorreu em mais da metade dos pacientes avaliados. Os principais agentes foram Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium e Estafilococos coagulase-negativos .Estudos relatam que o aumento da bacteremia em pacientes internados com COVID-19 pode estar relacionado à imunossupressão concomitante à linfopenia induzida pelo vírus e aos microinfartos intestinais que podem ocorrer devido à trombofilia característica da COVID-19. A infecção de vias aéreas inferiores é, também, associada, e Pseudomonas é relatado como o principal agente desta infecção. Conclusão: Torna-se necessário determinar a correlação entre a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e o aumento da incidência de IRAS para o direcionamento de condutas e de terapêuticas adequadas a esses casos.