Journal articles on the topic 'Factory and trade waste'
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Higashida, Keisaku, and Shunsuke Managi. "Determinants of trade in recyclable wastes: evidence from commodity-based trade of waste and scrap." Environment and Development Economics 19, no. 2 (November 25, 2013): 250–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000533.
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AbstractThis paper examines factors that affect the trade of recyclable waste in both exporting and importing countries. To this end, we employ two important elements: first, we adopt a gravity model in our empirical methodology; second, we select five waste and scrap commodities and undertake estimations using commodity-level trade data. We demonstrate that, the higher the wage/per capita GDP/population of an importing country, the more recyclable wastes it imports. This result suggests that the demand for final goods and, accordingly, the demand for materials including recycled material, have strong effects on the import volume of recyclable waste. Moreover, this implies that the imports of a developing country from developed countries increase with expanding industrial activity and economic growth. We find no evidence for a pollution haven for wastes and recycling.
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Novindri, Muhammad Reza, Sri Hidayani, and Elvi Zahara Lubis. "Penerapan Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Dalam Pengelolahan Limbah Cair di Usaha Dagang Tahu Jawa (Studi Kasus di Pabrik Tahu Usaha Dagang Jawa)." JUNCTO: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 2, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/juncto.v2i1.234.
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Tofu Industry Java Trading Business is an industrial factory engaged in food production that produces tofu. This industry was founded in 2009 which started with his two children who already had experience working in the tofu factory industry not far from their homes. This type of research is normative juridical namely the type of research conducted by studying written regulations so that this research is very closely related to the library. The results of the study are the level of danger from the liquid waste of tofu factory in the tofu trade business Java is not managed properly is damage to the quality of the environment, especially waters as one of the needs of humanity and other living things. Factors that caused the management of liquid waste did not go well according to Law number 32 of 2009, namely the ignorance of the entrepreneurs themselves, factors of education level, economic factors of entrepreneurs, government participation and law enforcement, factors of the role of the community and the role of the community in manage the environment. The legal consequences of these actions are written reprimands, government coercion, freezing of environmental permits, revocation of environmental permits.
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Zhao, Changping, Mengru Liu, Huanzheng Du, and Yu Gong. "The Evolutionary Trend and Impact of Global Plastic Waste Trade Network." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 3662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073662.
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Marine plastic waste, global warming, and ozone holes have become global environmental problems that need to be resolved urgently. With the promulgation of plastic bans in many countries, the global plastic waste trade will undergo tremendous change. In order to explore the future evolutionary trend of the global plastic waste trade network, this paper focuses on the analysis of the import and export of plastic waste from major trading countries around the world. Based on the bilateral trade volume of plastic waste from 1990 to 2019, a global plastic waste trade network is constructed, and the structure and characteristics of the network are studied. The results show that the global plastic waste trade network has shifted its center of gravity, and the import center has gradually shifted from China to Southeast Asia. The global plastic waste trade network presents a sparse state. Moreover, the dependence of related countries on plastic waste trade decreases, whilst the closeness of trade links also decreases. Sudden factors such as plastic waste import bans have a disruptive impact on plastic waste management.
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Estrada-Ayub, Jesús A., and Ramzy Kahhat. "Decision factors for e-waste in Northern Mexico: To waste or trade." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 86 (May 2014): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.02.012.
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Sarkar, Satyajit, Soumik Bardhan, Arindam Gangopadhyay, Shankha Banerjee, Sanjib Senapati, Saurabh Chakraborti, Sumit Saha, Mahipal Singh, and Monoranjan Chowdhury. "Chemical Profiling of Crush, Tear, Curl (CTC) Tea Waste of Eastern Sub-Himalayan Regions: An Elemental and Spectroscopic Analysis." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 12 (2022): 3391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.24053.
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Tea is not only the most popular beverage in the world but also producing a large quantity untreated wastes product every year. In particular, the tea gardens of eastern Sub-Himalayan region cumulatively produce 15 million kg of crush, tear, curl (CTC)-factory tea waste (FTW) every year, which primarily includes discarded tea leaves, leaf fibers, buds and tender stems of tea plants. Beside that ~ 80% population of Indian subcontinent consume CTC tea regularly at their homes, tea stalls, market, cafe etc. and the waste produced from it, is called CTC domestic tea waste (DTW). Thus, not only factory tea waste but also a large quantity of domestic CTC tea waste (DTW) is exposed into the environment regularly. In present study, an attempt has been made for primary screening of the compounds in both the CTC-tea wastes. It has been shown that FTW sample contains greater amount of non-metal elements such as sulfur, calcium, phosphorus and metal elements like potassium and iron compared to DTW sample. Abundance of aromatic compounds has been seen to be higher in FTWs whereas, DTW primarily contains aliphatic compounds. Using Orbitrap-HRLCMS analysis allowed to make accurate predictions about the molecular structures of the likely organic chemicals found in tea trash. Thus, various bioactive organic compounds, micronutrients and trace elements from tea waste were found.
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Cheng, Huiying, Jinfang Wang, and Mingxing Hu. "Study on the Spatial Evolution of China’s Pulp and Paper Product Import Trade and Its Influencing Factors." Forests 14, no. 4 (March 24, 2023): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040674.
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The purpose of this research is to study the changes in the market structure of China’s pulp and paper product imports. In particular, the import trade environment and market layout of Chinese pulp and paper products have changed under the international context of the coronavirus pandemic and the Sino-US trade dispute and the domestic policy context of zero imports of Chinese waste paper. This study attempts to fill the gap regarding the influencing factors of market structure, while contributing new ideas on China’s trade in pulp and paper products. Based on pulp and paper product import and export trade data from 2005 to 2021, a trade gravity model was used to explore the changes in the share of China’s trade partners for pulp and paper product imports and their influencing factors. The results indicated that the outbreak of COVID-19 led to a significant increase in China’s imports of packaging paper products, bringing about an increase in Indonesia’s status as a partner in China’s pulp and paper product trade. The US-China trade dispute had an impact on pulp and paper product trade between the two countries, with China’s tax countermeasures causing the US to lose its status as a trading partner in China for pulp and paper product imports. The center of gravity for paper product imports has moved from the US and Japan to Indonesia and Russia. The restrictions on waste paper imports have shifted the focus of China’s paper raw material imports, with the US no longer being the main importer of China’s paper raw materials. Specifically, the main importers of wood pulp are Brazil and Chile, while the main importers of waste paper pulp are Thailand and Malaysia. In the future, China needs to continuously strengthen dialogue with the United States to resolve trade disputes and create a favorable environment for trade in pulp and paper products. At the same time, China’s paper enterprises should strengthen the expansion of the Southeast Asian market and reduce dependence on the US market, and China should continue to improve the waste paper recycling system and improve the utilization rate of domestic waste paper.
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Dawood, Shamila, and Ajra Azhar. "Trash Trade and Environmental Regulations: An Assessment." Lentera Hukum 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i3.27138.
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Following China's decision to ban trash import in 2018, some countries in Southeast Asia are at the forefront of banning and imposing stringent measures to crackdown trash trade. The new trend in trash trade regulations had further impacted weaker countries and made a haven for dumping waste unless they adopt a uniform mechanism to regulate or completely ban trash trade within the region. This study aimed to analyze the recent response of some developing countries to the trash trade and how likely this response impact other countries in the same region, taking into account the impact of the trash trade on the environment and health and waste handling capacity. This study adopted doctrinal analysis that combined descriptive and analytical approaches to analyze trash trade and regulation impacts in developing countries and arrived at a need for a holistic approach and national waste management policy to encourage the recycling industry in trash receiving states. This study found that although developing countries had a perfect set of rules and norms regarding sustainable waste management and protecting illicit trash trade, most of them had shortages due to internal and external factors. Solid waste management in developing and least developed countries was a never-ending problem due to the low technological requirements and economic investments.
KEYWORDS: Trash Trade, Developing Countries, Environmental Justice.
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Nwankwo, Cletus Famous, and Uchenna Paulinus Okafor. "Impediments and Desirability of Complete Ban on International Movement of Toxic Waste." Open Political Science 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0010.
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AbstractThis essay identifies the obstacles to a complete ban on international movement of hazardous waste and critiques its desirability. The essay argues that the obstacles are difficulties in formulating and implementing multilateral waste management treaties (WMTs), socioeconomic factors and trade liberalisation. Also, it argues that the desirability of a complete ban is a function of national priority and socio-economic differentials that underpin the waste trade. Furthermore, since the Basel Convention as amended is not a ‘Holy Grail’, the responsibility of a complete ban will lie on the shoulders of countries that do want to ‘trade poison for cash’. Such countries will have to strengthen their environmental legislation, forge and sustain stronger joint actions to confront the problem.
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Zouein, Pierrette, and Jessica Diab. "A sequential heuristic programming approach for a corrugated box factory: trade-off between set-up cost and trim waste." International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling 5, no. 2 (2009): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijspm.2009.027436.
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Zouein, Pierrette, and Jessica Diab. "A sequential heuristic programming approach for a corrugated box factory: trade-off between set-up cost and trim waste." International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling 6, no. 1 (2010): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijspm.2010.032662.
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Zvarych, Roman, Wei Linhai, Olha Masna, and Igor Rivilis. "International trade of PRC and its place in environmental sustainability." Economic Annals-ХХI 204, no. 7-8 (August 27, 2023): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v204-01.
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The sustainable development of trade and the environment is related to the sustainability of a region, a country, and even the global economy. As a major trading country, China has achieved remarkable results in international trade growth in recent years, driven by its continuous deepening of open trade policies. Article identify the key factors that contribute to the changes in environmental sustainability in China’s international trade. Research defined the ways of China’s growth of international trade volume with promoting sustainable environmental development. Analysis found the impact and role of the continuous expansion of trade scale on China’s sustainable environmental development. By analyzing the data on the scale and structure of China’s international trade, research checked the data changes that affect the relationship between international trade and environmentally sustainable development. In this paper we substantiate the conceptual provisions of the theoretical and methodological model of the international trade and its place in environmental sustainability: system characteristics (international trade development to total GDP; international trade pattern structure analysis; geographic direction of international trade) and the principles of environmental sustainability (total industrial waste gas emissions and treatment; industrial solid waste generation, disposal and comprehensive utilization; industrial wastewater emissions, industrial chemical oxygen demand emissions, and Industrial ammonia nitrogen emissions).
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Karginova-Gubinova, V. "Peculiarities, Ecological and Economic Rationale of International Waste Trade in the Russian Federation." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 5 (2023): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-5-100-110.
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Despite the low proportion of recycled waste against the total one generated in the Russian Federation, it is imported into the country specifically for recycling. At the same time some of the generated waste is exported. The purpose of this study is to assess the current waste export and import indicators in Russia and any dialectical and institutional constraints on increasing the rate of waste recycling, which determine the ecological and economic rationale of international waste trade operations. The main sources of data featured reports of the Federal Customs Service and the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources, and the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System and UN Comtrade databases. Econometric methods, cluster analysis of Russian regions, analysis of any regulatory impact and content analysis of laws and regulations were applied and carried out within the study. It is demonstrated that the external waste-related economic operations in the Russian Federation have certain peculiarities against other countries. Their being in place is driven by both dialectical and institutional factors. However, the actors’ opportunistic economic interests rather than the environmental ones and the extent of the country take the lead. Some tools to reduce the transaction costs of transboundary waste movement and to increase the waste management efficiency are proposed. The study is novel in that it analyzes the foreign waste trade transactions of Russia that have not been comprehensively studied before. The theoretical relevance of the research consists in its finding new factors that drive the transboundary waste movement. Recommendations on improving the export and import regulation, reducing the rate of waste generation and increasing the recycling one in Russia, which would both enhance the economic efficiency of companies and provide equitable solution to environmental problems faced by the country, are of practical value.
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Pirogova, Oksana, Timur Kurbanov, and Vladimir Plotnikov. "Method of evaluating the economic efficiency of waste utilization from trade enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002022.
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The article analyses the implementation of the principles of environmental self-restoration and dynamic adaptability of trade enterprises. Solving the problems of introducing environmental aspects of sustainable development into the activities of trade enterprises and developing waste disposal methodologies are important tasks for the country's economy. It is offered to develop a methodology (system) of waste processing, which are formed in the process of consumption of commodity-material values in trade. The methodology includes the following factors: cost-effectiveness, social significance of disposal, safety of waste processing, resource saving, environmental reputation. The method includes several stages: analysis of the regulatory framework, the settlement and analytical stage, and the final stage - the assessment of economic efficiency. The main difference between the method and the one developed earlier is in an integrated approach to justifying the creation of a modern waste treatment system in commercial enterprises. The offered method develops the theory of economic and investment analysis, as well as the theory of making management decisions in managing the development of commercial enterprises.
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Du, Yu-Xia, Ming-Jie Li, and Jun-Jie Huang. "Research on the emissions from industrial products exported from Guangdong Province—an input-output model analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): e0276300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276300.
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This study uses an input-output model to analyze the wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste emissions in Guangdong’s industrial exports from 2004 to 2015; the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) is used to analyze the factors influencing such pollution. The results reveal that embodied emissions of waste gas and solid waste in Guangdong’s export trade are increasing, while the increase in wastewater emissions is not apparent. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) is used to analyze the influencing factors of pollution, specifically, the structural, scale, and technical effects. We discovered that emissions of the top five industries account for about 80% of total emissions and the wastewater emissions’ technical effect has more impact; however, it is difficult for this technical effect in terms of embodied waste gas and solid waste to offset the scale and structural effects’ impacts. Moreover, the trends and factors influencing various industries’ pollution emissions differ. This study proposes that when the government carries out environmental pollution control measures, they should consider the embodied pollution caused by products from foreign trade and focus on treating industries with severe pollution. Simultaneously, the pollution controlling measures of different industries should also vary.
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Li, Dianyun, and Jangwoo Choi. "Evaluation of Economic Benefits and Ecological Environment Impact of Export Trade in Anhui Free Trade Zone." Scientific Programming 2022 (August 9, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9441002.
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Nowadays, the scale of international trade is expanding at a great pace, leading to the development of the economy of different countries. Global industrialization and urbanization are developing with each passing day, and this fast economic expansion is putting a tremendous impact on the environment. Like the other countries, the scale of Chinese export trade is also increasing with time, resulting in the stable economy of our country. With the improvement of living standards, people are continuously demanding high environmental facilities. Further, the impact of trade (enterprises, companies, industries, etc.) on the ecological environment has become a worldwide problem because economic progress brought forth by trade expansion may directly affect the environment by causing pollution to rise or the degradation of natural resources. This indeed is a serious issue; therefore, various countries have started focusing on the impact of export trade on the ecological environment. In recent years, the issue of economic benefits and the environmental impact of export trade has become a hot topic of research. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between trade, economy, and environmental quality in China. For the accomplishment of our research study, we selected Anhui free trade zone (FTZ) as an example to analyze the interaction between the economic benefits of Anhui export trade and the local environment. It is among the top trading provinces in China having a faster economic development. In order to accurately study the economic benefits and environmental impact of export trade in the Anhui FTZ, this paper selects industrial waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste to establish an export trade environmental impact indicating system. After comparative analysis, three factors that include industrial soot (dust) emissions for export trade, chemical oxygen demand for trade, and general industrial solid waste dumping and discards are selected to evaluate the impact on the environment of the free trade zone. Based on this, the export trade environment vector autoregressive (VAR) model is established, and the variance decomposition method is used to analyze the dynamic impact of various factors on the environmental impact index. Further, we established an economic benefit VAR model based on the export economic benefit index (EI), export value (EV), and export product concentration (EPC) index and judged the economic benefit of the Anhui free trade zone based on the contribution rate of the obtained three factors. The experimental results show that the export volume and product concentration directly affect the economic benefits of the region, and at the same time, the expansion of export trade promotes the growth of economic benefits.
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Oktavia, Lily, Mohammad Taufiq, and Muchammad Tamyiz. "Phythotechnology of Touch Industrial Waste Treatment in Sidoarjo using Typha Latifolia Plant to Reduce TDS and Ammonia Levels." Journal of Research and Technology 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55732/jrt.v7i1.355.
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Sidoarjo Regency is a buffer zone for industrial estates in Surabaya, East Java Province. Therefore, the economic growth of the Sidoarjo Regency is increasing along with the development of trade and industrial potential. One of the industries that have grown well in Sidoarjo Regency is the tofu factory. Many tofu craftsmen industry causes an increase in the volume of liquid waste which also flows into water bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction of TDS and ammonia levels in the tofu factory wastewater treatment in the Sepande area, Sidoarjo Regency, by using a wetland construction with a Typha latifolia remediator. The research stages will be carried out using a laboratory scale using acclimatization as the adaptation stage of Typha latifolia and a constructed wetland reactor as a phytoremediation process. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in TDS and ammonia levels in the tofu industrial wastewater in Sidoarjo with the Constructed Wetland system. The largest decline in TDS content was in soil media with three Typha latifolia stems and a detention time of four days by 76%. Meanwhile, the most considerable percentage reduction in ammonia levels occurred in sand media with three stems of Typha latifolia and a detention time of four days by 70%.
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Si, Tongguang, Hong Xian Li, Zhen Lei, Hexu Liu, and SangHyeok Han. "A Dynamic Just-in-Time Component Delivery Framework for Off-Site Construction." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9953732.
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Off-site construction entails various advantages compared with the traditional construction method; however, the fragmentation of the prefabrication and assembly results in a complex supply chain. Both general contractors and factories often encounter production deviation, making the original component delivery plan nonoptimal. Traditionally, both parties tend to rely on internal resources or third-party resources to manage schedule changes, paying little attention to the optimisation of the component delivery process. The static compensation mechanisms reported in existing literature require factories to manage demand fluctuations but fail to encourage general contractors to control schedule deviations. Therefore, a dynamic compensation mechanism is proposed to achieve just-in-time component delivery, with which a factory shares possible changes for each component’s delivery date to its clients on an inverse Kanban system. First, unfavourable changes for the factory schedule are allocated with surcharges, and the general contractor should compensate the factory if it accepts the date changes; secondly, schedule changes that are beneficial for the factory are assigned as incentives, and the general contractor receives the factory’s incentive upon agreeing to the changes. Based on these two scenarios, genetic algorithm-based optimisation models are developed to achieve optimal delivery planning solutions. General contractors can obtain an optimal component delivery date to reduce the additional cost when they have changed the assembly schedule. General contractors can also optimise their component delivery schedule to trade their duration flexibility for incentives offered by factories. The models can help both parties to reduce component delivery waste when either side has the motivation to change the original component delivery schedules.
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Efthymiou, Loukia, Amaryllis Mavragani, and Konstantinos Tsagarakis. "Quantifying the Effect of Macroeconomic and Social Factors on Illegal E-Waste Trade." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 8 (August 5, 2016): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080789.
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Liu, Fei, Chenlu Fan, Jinhui Li, and Quanyin Tan. "Unraveling the driving factors of the plastic waste trade network formation and dynamics." Journal of Environmental Management 348 (December 2023): 119422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119422.
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Ziuz, Olha. "Peculiarities of Formation and Implementation of the State Environmental Policy in the sphere of Solid Waste Management in foreign countries." Public administration and local government, no. 4(43) (December 25, 2019): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/101907.
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The paper presents the author’s view of the problem range of solid waste in the world through the prism of balancing interests. The global trends of solid waste generation per capita by region are considered. The features of solid waste management and the application of waste management methods in different countries are highlighted. The morphology of waste streams in high- and low-income countries is analyzed. The concept of cooperation as a consolidation of efforts, achievement of a common goal of solving urgent problems, and its essential characteristics are investigated. It is revealed that the social effect of cooperation depends on the willingness of the subjects to form partnerships, as well as on favorable conditions, specifically: proper legislative support, quality of service delivery, stability of pricing, economic policy, effectiveness of the mechanism of management decision-making.
The destructive factors of the balancing of interests in the field of solid waste management and their determinants are identified: an increase in volumes of illegal trade in waste, inconsistency of product quality with the information provided in the documentation, falsification of the trade mark as recyclable, masking of hazardous waste. The factors of intensification of conflict and imbalance of relations in connection with illegal import of waste, non-observance of interests of the host party and its inability to defend its own interests in the international arena are analyzed. It has been found that there is a shift in focus from balancing the relationship to the category of profit, whereby the solution of the problem of solid household waste is based on the principle of «cost-cutting and maximizing profit».
The differences in the stages of implementing environmental policy at the national and transnational levels are generalized. The problem of increasing the volume of plastic in the composition of waste is emphasized and the causes of the global crisis of waste management due to the decision of China to ban the import of waste are discussed. The directions of stabilizing the situation and balancing of relations in the world solid waste management are offered.
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Oktavia, Lily, Mohammad Taufiq, and Muchammad Tamyiz. "PENGARUH VARIASI MEDIA DAN JUMLAH TUMBUHAN TYPHA LATIFOLIA TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR BOD DAN COD PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DI SIDOARJO." JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP 6, no. 1 (July 3, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jkmlh.v6i1.1562.
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Sidoarjo Regency is one of the supporting districts of East Java province. Sidoarjo Regency is experiencing rapid progress because of the development and potential in trade and industry. One of the industries often found in Sidoarjo Regency is tofu factory. The rapid number of tofu craftsmen industry has caused an increase in the volume of liquid waste which also flows into water bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction in BOD and COD levels for the tofu factory wastewater treatment in the Sepande area, Sidoarjo Regency using a contructed wetland with Typha latifolia as the remediator. The research stage will be carried out using a laboratory scale using acclimatization as the adaptation stage of Typha latifolia and a crontructed wetland reactor as phytoremediation processing. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in BOD and COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater in Sidoarjo using the Constructed Wetland system. The percentage reduction in BOD content was greatest in soil media with 3 stems of Typha latifolia plants and a detention time of 4 days of 72%. While the largest percentage reduction in COD levels was in soil media with 2 stems of Typha latifolia plants and 4 days of detention time of 84%.
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Corwin, Julia Eleanor. "“Nothing is useless in nature”: Delhi’s repair economies and value-creation in an electronics “waste” sector." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17739006.
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This paper follows the return of electronic waste back into commodity circuits through widespread processes of reuse, repair and remanufacturing across Delhi, India. Tracing the movements of “waste” from the scrap shop back into secondary use industries, I situate e-waste in India as operating primarily within economies of reuse and repair, rather than waste and recycling. Instead of managing waste, India’s broad reuse industries are production-based, maintaining and making new things out of a diversity of new and used materials. The production of value from used things is dependent on the e-waste trader and the repair worker, who see the potential for seemingly unlimited trajectories of multitudinous conditions and configurations. This view of e-waste from the repair shop (and even the scrap shop) rather than a recycling factory offers a very different rendering of e-waste and particularly informal e-waste labor in the Global South than is presented in policy and popular media. Building on scholarship on vibrant waste economies, I demonstrate that India’s electronic “waste” sector is in fact a powerful source of value (and product) creation and call into question e-waste as a definitive “waste” product and its management in a “waste” economy.
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Neli Aida, Arivina Ratih, and Sari Astuti. "Willingness To Pay Pengelolaan Sampah di Pasar Tugu Kota Bandar Lampung." JAE (JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN EKONOMI) 6, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/jae.v6i3.16545.
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Continuous population growth will lead to high human activities that affect the increase in public consumption. Increased consumption and community activities will increase the waste generated from daily life. This study aims to (1) examine the characteristics of the Tugu market traders, (2) estimate the value of the merchants' willingness to pay to improve waste management and (3) analyze the variables that influence the willingness to pay for waste management towards improving waste management in Monument Market. This study uses data obtained from questionnaire data. The analysis used is the contingent valuation method (CVM) and logistic regression with SPSS ver. 25. The results show that (1) the characteristics of traders in Tugu Market are mostly traders with high school education, income of Rp. 100,000-Rp. 250,000, the duration of trading is more than 10 years, the status of the place of trade is rent. (2) the average WTP of kiosk traders is Rp. 4,063.00. los/amparan traders are Rp. 3,078.00 and street vendors Rp. 3,545.00 and a total WTP of Rp 224,668.00, (3) the factors that influence the willingness to pay are education, length of trade and status of the place of trade.Key Words: SFA, Panel Data, Efficiency
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Kolodiichuk, Iryna. "Identification of factors of waste management system." Regional Economy, no. 3 (2019): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2019-3-8.
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Attention is drawn to the threatening scale of problems in the field of waste management, the direct correlation between the dynamics of socio-economic development and the accumulation of waste, which requires the formation of an adequate waste management system based on a territorially balanced approach. The importance of assessing the impact of quantitative and qualitative parameters of waste generation / utilization that form the territorial balance of waste management systems is emphasized. The organizational and economic factors that determine the volume and structure of waste generation / utilization and to which we primarily refer the macroeconomic situation in the country, economic activity of enterprises, logistics, economic, environmental levers and production restrictions are substantiated. The importance of governmental institutions in providing conditions for responsible treatment of waste management and in the use of administrative and incentive instruments to influence these processes is emphasized By changing the structure of production, a trade-off can be found between market demand for products and the cost of production, taking into account the prospective cost of waste management. The experience of European countries shows that modern recycling technologies must meet the criteria of environmental friendliness, economy, long-term availability of raw materials for recycling and demand for recycling technologies from the point of view of the sale of recycled waste components. We are convinced that the processing enterprise for the successful functioning of the company must be a business project, not a social project. This alters the motivation of management and focuses its strategy on economic outcomes that will produce social and environmental effects. The feasibility of using a public-private partnership scheme can provide a synergistic effect in the waste management system. Emphasis is placed on the effect-forming role of the socio-legal group of factors, which include the level of environmental awareness of waste generators, responsibility for violation of technological standards, ability to organize the sorting of household waste, state priorities for the implementation of waste management policy, legal responsibility for unauthorized waste.
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Geng, Limin, Wenxing Shen, and Zenan Xu. "Embodied carbon and influencing factors of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States." BioResources 17, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 3107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.3107-3129.
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The paper industry is a high-carbon emission and energy-intensive industry. From the perspective of low-carbon trade and carbon neutrality, its energy conservation and emission reduction are worthy of attention. This study used the input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States from 2006 to 2020 and used the logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) method to analyze influencing factors of the change of embodied carbon emissions. The study found that the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States generally shows a stable downward trend after reaching the peak with the increase of export trade scale; scale effect is the main factor that causes the embodied carbon emissions, while technological progress, policy support, and environmental regulations are important driving forces to promote carbon emission reduction. The research results of this paper not only can test and guide China’s paper industry trade policies and industrial policies, but they can also provide decision-making reference for China and the United States to promote the carbon emission reduction of the paper industry.
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Simanjuntak, Ernawati, Prasetyo Prasetyo, and Hartal Hartal. "The Effect of Local Organic Fertilizer from Rubber Processing Waste on the Yield of Rubber Plants." Akta Agrosia 21, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.21.1.25-28.
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Rubber plant is an important industrial crop, as for economic community and a source of non-oil foreign exchange for the country. In Indonesia, 85% rubber planting area is community rubber plantation with its productivity is still very low (700 - 900 kg ha-1 year-1), compared to its potential which can be more than 1,500 kg ha-1 year-1. The low productivity of community rubber plantation is because of the lack of proper handling and maintenance of their plants. Efforts is needed to improve the quality and productivity of community rubber plantation so as to compete in international trade by improvement on planting, maintenance, latex post-harvesting from the garden to the final processing stage. This research utilizes solid waste from rubber processing factory that is local organic fertilizer (LOF) which is usually merely dumped and become source of environment contaminant. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum dosage of rubber mill waste to the yield of rubber plants. The research was carried out at farmer’s plantation of Tanjung Tengah village, Sub-district of Pondok Kelapa, Central Bengkulu, from May to August 2016. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and 6 levels of LOF as the treatments i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg tree-1 equal to 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 tons ha-1, respectively. The results showed that the effect of several doses of organic fertilizer of rubber waste to rubber plants had no effect on latex volume, stem girth, latex weights, latex slab weight, and dry weight. The yield of rubber even tended to decrease as the increase of dose of LOF. This was supposedly because the rubber plant is an annual crop so takes a long time to show the response of the treatment.Keywords: rubber sap, waste, compost fertilizer
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Sultanova, Dilbar, Anna Maliashova, and Svetlana Gadelshina. "Waste management as an element of sustainable development of the circular economy in the European Union." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701007.
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The problems of waste disposal at the present stage of development all over the world are the most important. Waste accumulation is an acute problem in all countries. Waste damages the soil, affects the quality of life of the population and damages the vital functions of all living organisms. The decomposition time of some types of garbage is more than 500 years. Rapid population growth increases waste. The problem of their utilization is a promising area of development for all countries. In the countries of the European Union a waste management system has been developed, which gives positive results. The article discusses the main aspects of waste management policy in the countries of the European Union. The data of the general European trend in the formation of household waste for the last two decades are presented. Hypotheses about what factors can influence the correctness of the waste management policy were tested using regression analysis. The recycling rate of waste, the circular material use rate, as well as trade in secondary raw materials were chosen as indicators of the level of development of waste management. The level of GDP, R&D costs, human resources in science and technology were selected as factors of the effectiveness of this policy. Indicators have been identified that have the greatest impact on the degree of waste disposal.
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Safitri, Amalia Dewi, and Ilmi Usrotin Choiriyah. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Program Bank Sampah (Studi pada Kampung Edukasi Sampah di Kelurahan Sekardangan Kecamatan Sidoarjo Kabupaten Sidoarjo)." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23, no. 3 (October 29, 2023): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i3.4559.
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The growth that has occurred in Sidoarjo City has caused an increase in population from an environmental perspective, this has had an impact on increasing the volume of waste in Sidoarjo City, so that the Sekardangan Subdistrict TPA definitely has a lot of waste capacity. The Sidoarjo City Government must be proactive in addressing this problem, including empowering the community through waste management in waste banks. This government applied research was carried out in Sekardangan Village, Sidoarjo District, Sidoarjo Regency with the aim of finding ways to empower the community in managing waste at village waste banks, educating, preventing inhibiting factors and efforts to overcome these inhibiting factors. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data was collected through interviews, observations and notes. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. This research aims to examine and understand more deeply the empowerment of the Sekardangan Village community in waste management and the obstacles to community empowerment at the Sekardangan Village TPA, Sidoarjo Regency. The results of this government applied research show that community empowerment in waste management in waste banks is included in a development perspective. Human development, trade and the environment are quite good, but several aspects of institutional development are still lacking. Obstacles faced in empowering the community through the Waste Education Village Waste Bank Program in Sekardangan Village, Sidoarjo District, Sidoarjo Regency. Lack of public understanding of waste classification, low community capacity in waste management, lack of community skills in waste management.
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Bekiroğlu, Sultan, Gulnur Mertoğlu Elmas, and Yagshymyrat Yagshiyev. "Contribution to sustainability and the national economy through recycling waste paper from Istanbul’s hotels in Turkey." BioResources 12, no. 4 (August 3, 2017): 6924–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.6924-6955.
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Obtaining cellulose from recyclable waste paper contributes to the sustainability of forest resources, water and energy savings, and the reduction of environmental pollution. However, waste paper collected under inappropriate conditions for recycling can be degraded in a short time, thus becoming economically useless. This study examined the factors affecting source-separated collection processes of waste paper in Istanbul hotels, as well as the correlation among these factors. The economic value of the assumed benefits of source-separated waste paper was also calculated. To achieve these objectives, various inputs and methods were used, including the percent tabulation technique and the chi-square independence test. As a result, it was determined that 70% of managers and employees of Istanbul hotels were sensitive to recycling waste paper, but they were not aware of the entire benefits of waste paper recycling. It was also determined that because of waste paper recycling, 18 thousand trees, 5 million kWh of electricity, 3 thousand tons of water, and 1.3 thousand tons of fuel oil were saved, and the generation of 27 thousand tons of CO2 was prevented annually. Hotels in Istanbul provide the economy with an annual average of 752 tons of waste paper, which corresponds to 78% of the foreign trade deficit of Turkey’s paper and paper products sector in the last five years.
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Wu, Xialai, Ning Zhang, Lei Xie, Wenyan Ci, Junghui Chen, and Shan Lu. "Thermoeconomic Optimization Design of the ORC System Installed on a Light-Duty Vehicle for Waste Heat Recovery from Exhaust Heat." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 4486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124486.
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The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has been widely studied to recover waste heat from internal combustion engines in commercial on-road vehicles. To achieve a cost-effective ORC, a trade-off between factors such as costs, power outputs, back pressure, and weight needs to be carefully worked out. However, the trade-off is still a huge challenge in engine waste heat recovery. In this study, a thermoeconomic optimization study of a vehicle-mounted ORC unit is proposed to recover waste heat from various exhaust gas conditions of a light-duty vehicle. The optimization is carried out for four organic working fluids with different critical temperatures, respectively. Under the investigated working fluids, the lower specific investment cost (SIC) and higher mean net output power (MEOP) of ORC can be achieved using the organic working fluid with higher critical temperature. The maximum mean net output power is obtained by taking RC490 as working fluid and the payback period (PB) is 3.01 years when the petrol is EUR 1.5 per liter. The proposed strategy is compared with a thermodynamic optimization method with MEOP as an optimized objective. It shows that the proposed strategy reached SIC results more economically. The importance of taking the ORC weight and the back pressure caused by ORC installation into consideration during the preliminary design phase is highlighted.
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Lisiecka, Krystyna, and Iwona Burka. "Lean Service Implementation Success Factors." Quality Innovation Prosperity 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v20i1.640.
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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the factors which have influence on the Lean Service (LS) principles implementation process that serves to improve the organization and economics of district heating companies operating on the Polish market. <br />Methodology: Diagnostic survey carried out in the selected trade industries.<br /><strong>Findings</strong>: Assessing the significance of the effective LS principles implementation factors, which serves to improve the functioning of district heating companies, has revealed the most important factor, which is – according to the respondents – a focus on minimizing waste in processes. Several waste groups were identified and distinguished. They are for example: waste resulting from the employees passive behaviors, unused creativity of employees, unnecessary motion. Answering the question asked in the title of the paper – according to the research - you can ascertain that the effective LS conception principles implementation success factors are, in particular: the involvement of management in process improvement, staff attitude to minimize waste in processes. The research resulted in the formulation of conclusions, one of which says that an effective remedy for the organization members passive behaviors can be Lean Behaviours. <br /><strong>Originality:</strong> This is a first unique study on the topic of the Lean Service implementation success factors in the heat engineering. The achieved results can be useful for district heating companies as a guidance to improve management systems in those organizations.</p><p> </p>
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Pearson, Matthew, Eesha Khare, and Omar Tantawi. "Addressing the single-use plastic proliferation problem." MIT Science Policy Review 3 (August 29, 2022): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.38105/spr.ro3uhoc2lz.
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Despite the integral role of plastics in modern society, effective management of plastic waste has remained unaddressed, even as the rate of plastic waste accumulation continues to accelerate. The vast majority of plastic waste has a slow degradation rate, leading to harmful environmental consequences, particularly for marine ecosystems, and may potentially have human health impacts. As a result, policymakers have begun taking action in recent years, with a focus on banning single-use plastics. While single-use plastic bans have seemingly become the preferred policy response, there is debate regarding whether they are universally the optimal policy solution. This article reviews current implementations of these bans and examines the associated environmental trade-offs. It then presents a set of potential alternative or supplemental policy options with a focus on the importance of addressing the entirety of the plastic value chain in the development of policies to grapple with the plastic waste problem.
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Choi, Chang Hwan, Thi Thanh Tuyen Nguyen, and PengYan Wang. "AI Comparative Analysis of Trade and Consumption Patterns in Korea and China." Journal of Korea Trade 27, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2023.27.1.119.
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Purpose - This research is to empirically explore the differences in apparel consumption among male and female teenagers and college students in Korea and China. By conducting a survey to understand customers' needs and behaviors, fashion businesses will be able to improve their customer satisfaction and avoid redundancy, inventory, and the waste of resources, effort and money.
Design/methodology - The research design considers the consumption patterns of male and female high school and college students in Korea and China. To analyze the data, the study employs decision trees, a type of machine learning algorithm. A decision tree model was developed to examine the relationship between the explanatory and response variables, which can be either quantitative or qualitative in nature.
Findings - The main findings of this study indicate that there are differences in shopping behavior among different customer segments. The results show that men have a simpler shopping behavior compared to women. Additionally, cultural factors and the difference in fashion needs between students and non-students have a significant impact on the shopping choices of Chinese and Korean individuals.
Originality/value - Existing studies often assume that the shopping behavior of high school and university students is similar and that there are no significant differences in clothing purchases between men and women across countries. The results provide valuable insights into the unique shopping behavior of different customer segments, and can inform fashion businesses in their efforts to meet the needs of their customers.
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Soter, Oktavian, Soetjipto Moeljono, and Yolanda Holle. "Partisipasi pedagang sayur dalam pengelolaan sampah Pasar Tradisional Sanggeng di Kabupaten Manokwari." Cassowary 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/casssowary.cs.v5.i1.62.
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The focus of this research is to examine the participation of traders in market waste management to achieve environmental cleanliness. This is intended so that there is involvement of traders to participate responsibly both actively and passively to achieve environmental cleanliness. This study aims to (1) determine the participation of market vegetable traders in waste management, and (2) analyze the factors that influence the participation of vegetable traders in waste management. The research was conducted at Sanggeng Market as a vegetable trading center in Manokwari Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method with in-depth interview techniques and observation of 52 vegetable traders who trade vegetables at the market of Sanggeng in Manokwari Regency. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics used are competency tests and inferential statistics used are Spearman correlation analysis. The results of the study concluded, (1) the participation of vegetable traders shows that they are involved in all stages of waste management, namely the stages of collection, separation, transportation, recycling, and utilization, and (2) there is a correlation between age, education level, acceptance and trading experience.
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Lantu, Donald Crestofel. "Indonesian Leather Handicraft Trade in the International Market: SWOT analysis approach." Journal of International Conference Proceedings 5, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v5i3.1867.
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The leather craft industry is one of the growing industries in Indonesia and is one of the export commodities of the creative industry. The creative industry is an industry that is one of the mainstays in the country's economy. The abundance of animal skin waste is used as a variety of commodities that have a selling value. The focus of this research is to analyze the potential of international trade in leather craft commodities by using a SWOT analysis approach. The purpose of this study is to map the internal and external factors of the international trade in leather crafts, which can be one of the preliminary research and sources of future research. From the results of the desk study and SWOT analysis, it was concluded that the leather craft creative industry has an opportunity in the international market with a market share of 4.4% and is in the 6th position as a leather craft exporter in 2021. Internal and external factors for this leather craft shows that the advantages and disadvantages of this creative leather craft industry can be combined to improve business strategies and studies in future research.
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Nguyen, Thu Thuy, and Van Chien Nguyen. "Financial Development and Renewables in Southeast Asian Countries—The Role of Organic Waste Materials." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 8748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168748.
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This paper aims to fill the existing gap by investigating the linkage between organic waste materials, financial development and renewables in Southeast Asia; this is the very first study covering this area. Using panel data of ten economies in this area in the period of 1990–2016 and estimating the advanced regression method in statistics of pooled mean group (PMG) estimates, the paper aims to examine the panel unit root tests in the first and second generations, as well as cointegration tests followed by Pedroni, Kao, and Westerlund tests; the results demonstrate that there is a negative impact from financial development on renewables. Further, biofuel processing is consistent with renewables that are predominantly made from organic matter and wastes. In addition, biofuel sources can be proxied by three factors, namely agricultural land, forest land, and number of heads of cattle livestock. The agricultural land has a negative and statistically significant impact on renewables while cattle livestock has a positive effect in the long run. Additionally, a higher level of trade openness has a lower level of renewables in the case of Southeast Asian countries.
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Perga, Tetiana. "Waste Recycling in the Early Soviet Union Period: the Success Story of Ukrutilzbir JSC." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 39 (2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2022-39-26-35.
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Purpose of the article. A significant number of studies have been devoted to waste disposal in the USSR during the Cold War period when waste transformed into a valuable resource for the demanded products in the postwar USSR. The article examines the earlier period of these activities – the 1920s. Using the example of the Ukrainian USSR, it argues that waste collection and reuse programs have already started in the early Soviet Union. The article demonstrates the activities of the non-state company Ukrutilzbir JSC, which was one of the largest waste procurers on the Republican waste market. The methodological basis. The research is based on the analysis of archival materials that have never been introduced into scientific circulation. Relevance. At the moment, this topic has not been studied at all. Conclusions. The article reveals the success story of this actor, the peculiarity of its activity, balancing dependence and independence from the State, competition with state companies. The article suggests that several factors contributed to the success of the company: the presence of a large quantity of waste in Ukraine, the demand of state enterprises in additional row materials, fairly efficient management, and use of an administrative resource in the form of a monopoly right to collect waste that, however, did not protect the company from problems. The author determined problems encountered by waste pickers due to the poverty of the population, which could not «produce» needed by Soviet enterprises the quantity of waste. The author identified methods of motivating the population to hand over waste. The main actors of the waste market in Ukraine, sources of purchase and sale of waste have been identified. They are the following: enterprises of state industry, state trade, cooperatives, private persons, procurers of waste. The author also had analyzed the attempts of state authorities to regulate the relationship between the main waste producers in Ukraine, that were both partners and competitors.
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Nguyen, Dat Duy, and Mai Thanh Huyen. "Does Inflation Affect Emissions Reduction?" International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 15, no. 1 (July 26, 2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.347507.
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Inflation and sustainable development are two important factors in the economic development of most countries. This study will use empirical analysis to examine how macroeconomic variables, including the money supply (M2), economic growth rate (GRR), trade openness (TO), and inflation (INF), related to CO2 (the environment variable) in Vietnam from 1995 to 2022. The effect of detecting emitted CO2 can be considered both in the short and long term. This study uses the research analysis method of the self-healing distributed slow (ARDL) model. Several independent variations are proposed in the model, including M2 supply, economic growth rate, trade expansion rate, and issuance rate, to evaluate the influence of increasing emission waste. Research results show that the impacts are statistically significant in the short and long term. Finally, the study also offers some policy tips for Vietnam to adjust economic variables to achieve a better level of development and move towards sustainable economic development.
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Al-Rufaie, Mohauman Mahammad. "Measuring the Extent of the Environmental Pollution in the Waters of the Al-Diwani River by Certain Trace Elements Resulting from Al-Diwani Textile Factory Using Spectroscopic Methods." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0081.
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Abstract The textile industry is a key source of pollution in fresh water. The concentration of key heavy metal pollutants (cobalt, nickel, lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, and iron) as well as pH value and conductivity were measured in water samples taken from the input and output (waste water) of Al-Diwani textile factory on the Al-Diwani River, Iraq. These samples were measured using two methods, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and spectrometry. This paper considers the relative effectiveness of each method for measuring the concentrations of the elements, and discusses which method is best for which element. It was found that the first method is more accurate for measuring the concentrations for all elements except iron.
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Sheng, P., and E. Hertwich. "Indices for Comparative Waste Assessment in Environmentally-Conscious Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830088.
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With the expansion of pollution-prevention initiatives in the government sector, development of certification and eco-labeling mechanisms in foreign trade, and the emergence of “green” market drivers for consumer demand, industry is under increasing pressure to evaluate the “life-cycle” waste streams which emanate from their products and manufacturing processes. While much research has been devoted to the study of “system-level” design-for-environment (i.e. design for disassembly, serviceability, modularity), little attention has been given to the influence of planning and design decisions at the unit manufacturing process level, which has a significant impact on waste streams through material, catalyst, parameter and feature selection decisions. One of the most pressing issues in environmentally-conscious manufacturing is the ability to compare the environmental impacts of dissimilar waste streams to formulate the above decisions. This paper presents an overview of the hierarchical levels of comparative waste assessment which links process-level emissions to immediate, site-wide, and eco-system impacts. Significant issues to be addressed are: (1) the aggregation of data collection required for each level of decision-making, (2) the range of environmental effects needed to be analyzed at each level, (3) the uncertainty present at different levels of data aggregation, (4) the influence of site-specific (fate and transport) factors, and (5) the transformation of environmental information into metrics usable in detailed design and planning of products and processes. Case studies in the fabrication of metal parts and printed circuit boards are presented.
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Sarkar, Manas. "Sustainable Business: A Case Study on Carlsberg." European Journal of Business and Management Research 8, no. 3 (June 25, 2023): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.3.2031.
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Business sustainability is a strategy used by a company to lessen the adverse effects of its operations on the environment in a specific market, and the brewing industry faces significant challenges related to solid waste, water consumption, and CO2 emissions. The Paris Agreement, which aims to lessen CO2 emissions and global warming, was signed by 194 parties (including the European Union and 193 states) in 2016. The question and main aim of this case study are to highlight the ratio of water and beer, how much water is being wasted, how sustainable Carlsberg is in water use, efficient technology, and most importantly water management that does not compromise the quality of the beer. The article also reviews the awareness of the impact of beer production under Carlsberg and its environmental impact on sustainable business. To achieve business sustainability in the future, businesses should consider trade-offs from a variety of angles. This will make it easier to find the best business strategies for maximizing benefits from sustainability-related factors.
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Dermawan, Siti Khadijah, Zamratul Maisarah Mohd Ismail, Muhamad Zaki Jaffri, and Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah. "Extraction and Characterization of Natural Hydroxyapatite from Black Tilapia Fish Bone for Biomedical Applications." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3j8b8t.
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Hydroxyapatite is known as HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, commonly used in orthopedics since it resembles the inorganic portion of human bone. Calcium, Ca and phosphorous, P are the main components of HAp, with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67 capable of promoting bone growth. Large quantities of by-product waste from fisheries factories have a negative effect on the environment. Hence, this research was carried out to obtain biological natural HAp derived from fishery factory waste black tilapia fish bones. As a result, fish bone can be a low-cost source of HAp and important contributions in biomedical applications. To remove meat and other impurities, black tilapia fish bones were boiled at 100 °C followed by milling to produce a fine powder. The powder was calcined at 600 °C and 800 °C for 3 hours. Characterizations were done by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineralogy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphology and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, EDX for element analysis. The XRD results showed the existence of derived HAp, which was consistent with standard HAp. The raw samples tended to have denser and less porous microstructures than calcined samples were shown in SEM results. EDX results showed the chemical composition of Ca and P with present of magnesium, Mg and sodium, Na as their traces elements. The samples' Ca/P molar ratio was found to be higher than the stoichiometric HAp, >1.67. Thus, the findings show that producing calcium and phosphorus from fishery wastes is a viable option for biomedical applications with the present of trace elements to help accelerates bone growth.
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Wiratmaja, Krismandra Natalis, Daniel Itta, and Zainal Abidin. "KEBIJAKAN LEGALITAS INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN BAHAN BAKU KAYU LIMBAH INDUSTRI PRIMER KAYU BULAT (STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN BANJARMASIN UTARA KOTA BANJARMASIN)." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 9, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v9i2.11288.
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The increased development of residential areas and community facilities in the South Kalimantan region, especially in Banjarmasin and its surroundings, increased demand for wood, The research objectives were to identify the problems of small industry entrepreneurs with waste wood/sibitan raw material. The research period was 5 (five) months, from the end of January 2020 to the end of April 2020, which included the preparation of research proposals, research, data processing, and reporting. The results of the research were: a) the high level of community demand for sawn wood as a basic material for building houses and the dependence of the Banjarmasin Utara Subdistrict community on the presence of the wood industry was important factors for the existence of the wood industry with raw material from industrial waste wood; b) Laws and Ministerial Regulations stipulated that the licensing authority for a logging industry is carried out by the forestry service, while for every other industry it is regulated by the Industry and Trade office; c) the solution to fulfilling the requirements for obtaining a small industry license is a guarantee that the supply of raw materials can be obtained from three alternatives, namely; source of raw materials from the waste of business permit for the Primary Industries of Timber Forest Products (IUIPHHK), People’s Plantations (HTR), and rejected wood, and d) draft policy on the legality of the wood industry with raw material from waste wood. An industrial company can obtain a permit by meeting the requirements,
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Broeze, Jan, Xuezhen Guo, and Heike Axmann. "Trade-Off Analyses of Food Loss and Waste Reduction and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Food Supply Chains." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (May 24, 2023): 8531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118531.
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Food losses and waste (FLW) reduction and mitigating climate impact in food chains are priorities in achieving sustainable development goals. However, many FLW-reducing interventions induce additional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for example, from energy, fuel, or packaging. The net effect of such interventions (expressed in GHG emissions per unit of food available for consumption) is not obvious, as is illustrated in a number of case studies. We recommend that in the decision to take on FLW-reducing interventions, the trade-offs on sustainability impacts (such as GHG emissions) are taken into consideration. Since FLW induce demand and extra operations in all stages along a supply chain, adequate representation of cumulative GHG emissions along the production and supply chain, including ‘hidden parts’ of the chain, is required, which is challenging in full LCA studies. As a workaround, the case studies in this paper are based on a generic tool, the Agro-Chain greenhouse gas Emission (ACE) calculator that includes metrics and data for common food product categories and supply chain typologies. The calculator represents the structure of a generic (fresh food) supply chain and offers data sets for, amongst others, crop GHG emission factors and FLW in different stages of the production and distribution chain. Through scenario calculations with different chain parameters (describing pre and post-intervention scenarios), the net effects of an intervention on GHG emissions and FLW per unit of food sold to the consumer can be compared with little effort. In the case studies, interventions at the production stage as well as in post-harvest operations, are analyzed. Results show that post-harvest activities (especially FLW) contribute substantially to the carbon footprint of supplied food products. The FLW-reducing interventions are considered to induce additional GHG emissions. In most case studies, FLW-reducing interventions lower total GHG associated with a unit of food supplied to a client or consumer. However, in one case study, the extra emissions due to the intervention were higher than the prevented emission from lowering food losses. Consequently, in the latter case, the intervention is not an effective GHG emission reduction intervention.
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Sari, Widya Ayu Nirmala. "Penegakan Hukum terhadap PT Rayon Utama Makmur Akibat Limbah Tekstil yang Merugikan Warga." Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v5i1.6423.
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Based on the 1945 Constitution Article 1 paragraph 3, Indonesia is a state ruled by law since the constitution of Indonesia incorporated several legal systems. The law should be fair, impartial to those in power and not intimidate the weak. However, the law is often misused and traded for the interests of those in power. This study aims to find out how the law is enforced against PT Rayon Utama Makmur that has harmed local residents for causing environmental pollution as a result of the textile factory activities. Data are collected from literature. The theory used is the conflict theory of Karl Marx given that there was a conflict of interest between PT Rayon Utama Makmur and the local residents. The results of the study indicate that the law enforcement against PT Rayon Utama Makmur is still very weak. After being proven to have polluted the environment by dumping the factory waste into the river thus endangering the health of the residents, PT Rayon Utama Makmur did not receive any significant sanctions so that it did not cause a deterrent effect for the company. The weak law enforcement for PT Rayon Utama Makmur caused injustice for the residents. And that gradually triggered a conflict between the residents and the company.
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Intyas, Candra Adi, Agus Tjahjono, Djoko Koestiono, Fitria Dina Riana, and Suhartini Suhartini. "Value Chain Analysis of the Marine Ornamental Reef: A Case Study in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 79, no. 2 (July 18, 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32951.
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Coral is the main component of coral reefs and forms an ecosystem that is home to approximately 93 000 species of marine biota. In their development, corals are traded and become decorations in aquariums because of their beauty. Currently, in Indonesia, the trade in ornamental corals is still on an export scale, including hard coral species, which are strictly monitored because some are included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Appendix II. This research aimed to analyze the ornamental coral value chain at an ornamental coral company in Banyuwangi related to value-added activities, governance, and profit margins to see economic and environmental sustainability using the Porter value chain. The results showed that the primary activities that still needed to be more optimal were operational activities and outbound logistics, environmental factors (weather conditions), and improper handling causing coral death or damage (wounds). Meanwhile, the secondary activities that could have been more optimal are infrastructure and technology development. The profit margin obtained by the company was 97 523.53 US dollars with a value of 45.16% of revenue, showing that the business is profitable. Therefore, infrastructure improvements and technology development are still needed for optimal results. Further research is recommended to be conducted in relation to business development strategies and improvement of coral quality and packaging processes. Additionally, in order to support better traceability and long-term business sustainability for corals, the dearth of historical data on the ornamental coral trade in Indonesia needs to be tackled.
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Sakaguchi, Tatsuhiko, Kohki Matsumoto, and Naoki Uchiyama. "Nesting Scheduling in Sheet Metal Processing Based on Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm in Different Environments." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 730–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0730.
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In sheet metal processing, nesting and scheduling are important factors affecting the efficiency and agility of manufacturing. The objective of nesting is to minimize the waste of material, while that of scheduling is to optimize the processing sequence. As the relation between them often becomes a trade-off, they should be considered simultaneously for the efficiency of the total manufacturing process. In this study, we propose a co-evolutionary genetic algorithm-based nesting scheduling method. We first define a cost function as a fitness value, and then we propose a grouping method that forms gene groups based on the processing layout and processing time. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed method through computational experiments.
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Abdelli, Hanane, Zouheyr Gheraia, Habib Sekrafi, and Mehdi Abid. "The asymmetric impact of government expenditure on economic growth: Evidence from a NARDL model." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 11, no. 3 (March 2024): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.03.010.
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Since the 2011 Revolution, Tunisia has faced significant economic development challenges. Government spending plays a crucial role in fostering economic growth. This study focuses on Tunisia from 1980 to 2022, considering factors like foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, capital, and labor. It particularly examines spending in four government sectors: agriculture, education, health, and military. Using the Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model, the study investigates how these sectoral government expenditures relate to Tunisia's gross domestic product (GDP). The findings suggest that the relationship between these factors and GDP is complex. For instance, increases in trade openness and FDI generally lead to GDP growth. Similarly, changes in the labor force impact GDP differently in the short and long term, with negative and positive changes eventually benefiting the economy, but positive changes can initially decrease GDP. The study also finds that government spending on agriculture and health positively affects GDP, whereas spending on military and education has a negative impact. To enhance government spending and stimulate economic growth in Tunisia, the study recommends addressing corruption, inefficiency, and waste. It emphasizes the importance of directing public funds towards infrastructure, particularly in the education and military sectors, to improve welfare and support productive activities.
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Kaewbuddee, Chalita, Somkiat Maithomklang, Prasert Aengchuan, Attasit Wiangkham, Niti Klinkaew, Atthaphon Ariyarit, and Ekarong Sukjit. "Effects of Alcohol-Blended Waste Plastic Oil on Engine Performance Characteristics and Emissions of a Diesel Engine." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031281.
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The current study aims to investigate and compare the effects of waste plastic oil blended with n-butanol on the characteristics of diesel engines and exhaust gas emissions. Waste plastic oil produced by the pyrolysis process was blended with n-butanol at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume. Experiments were conducted on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine with a variation of five engine loads, while the engine’s speed was fixed at 2500 rpm. The experimental results showed that the main hydrocarbons present in WPO were within the range of diesel fuel (C13–C18, approximately 74.39%), while its specific gravity and flash point were out of the limit prescribed by the diesel fuel specification. The addition of n-butanol to WPO was found to reduce the engine’s thermal efficiency and increase HC and CO emissions, especially when the engine operated at low-load conditions. In order to find the suitable ratio of n-butanol blends when the engine operated at the tested engine load, the optimization process was carried out by considering the engine’s load and ratio of the n-butanol blend as input factors and the engine’s performance and emissions as output factors. It was found that the multi-objective function produced by the general regression neural network (GRNN) can be modeled as the multi-objective function with high predictive performances. The coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RSME) of the optimization model proposed in the study were 0.999, 2.606%, and 0.663, respectively, when brake thermal efficiency was considered, while nitrogen oxide values were 0.998, 6.915%, and 0.600, respectively. As for the results of the optimization using NSGA-II, a single optimum value may not be attained as with the other methods, but the optimization’s boundary was obtained, which was established by making a trade-off between brake thermal efficiency and nitrogen oxide emissions. According to the Pareto frontier, the engine load and ratio of the n-butanol blend that caused the trade-off between maximum brake thermal efficiency and minimum nitrogen oxides are within the approximate range of 37 N.m to 104 N.m and 9% to 14%, respectively.
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Busu, Mihail, and Carmen Lenuta Trica. "Sustainability of Circular Economy Indicators and Their Impact on Economic Growth of the European Union." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 5481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195481.
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In this paper, we develop a methodology for studying the sustainability of the circular economy model, based on environmental indicators, and its impact on European Union (EU) economic growth. In open-end systems, waste is converted back to materials and objects through recycling; hence, a linear economy is transformed into a circular economy (CE). Environmental factors support the argument for the sustainable implementation of a circular economy. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the sustainability of the CE indicators and to elaborate a multilinear regression model with panel data for determining the dependency of the main CE factors on EU economic growth. Starting with the model of economic growth based on circular material use rate, recycling rate of municipal waste (RRMW), trade in recycling materials, labor productivity, environmental taxes, and resource productivity as independent variables, six statistical hypotheses were validated through a multiple regression model with the use of the statistical software EViews 11. The research study was conducted for 27 EU countries, and the data was collected from the European Union Statistical Office (EUROSTAT), during the time frame 2010 to 2017. Based on econometric modeling, the paper highlights that circular economy generates sustainable economic growth across the EU.