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Bédard, Annabelle. "NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN ASTHMA." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T004/document.
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L’objectif principal de la thèse était de comprendre le rôle complexe des facteurs nutritionnels dans l’asthme, avec une première partie portant sur l’alimentation et une seconde sur l’obésité. Alimentation – L’objectif était de comparer les typologies alimentaires obtenues par une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) à celles identifiées par une analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) grâce aux données de l’étude E3N (étude épidémiologique auprès des femmes de la MGEN, 30589 femmes). En utilisant les ACP et les AFC, 3 typologies alimentaires ont été identifiées. Selon la méthode, des corrélations différentes étaient observées entre les typologies alimentaires et les groupes d’aliments, conduisant à des associations différentes avec les caractéristiques socio-économiques et l’incidence de l’asthme chez l’adulte. Obésité – Le premier objectif était de comprendre les rôles conjoints et indépendants, dépendants du temps, de l’activité physique et l’obésité sur l’asthme en utilisant des modèles marginaux structuraux chez 15352 femmes d’E3N. L’obésité était liée de façon causale à l’asthme actuel avec symptômes, indépendamment de l’activité physique. Le second objectif était de considérer le rôle modificateur du surpoids dans l’association entre l’exposition domestique aux sprays de nettoyage et l’asthme chez 304 femmes d’E3N. Parmi les femmes sans traitement anti-inflammatoire, le rôle délétère de l’utilisation de sprays sur l’asthme était plus fort chez les femmes en surpoids. L’AFC devrait être utilisée pour l’identification des typologies alimentaires en épidémiologie nutritionnelle. L’obésité pourrait causer de l’asthme indépendamment de l’activité physique, et pourrait augmenter l’effet délétère d’autres facteurs environnementaux de l’asthmeThe general aim of the thesis was to assess the complex role of nutritional factors in asthma, with a first part focused on diet, and a second part focused on obesity. Diet – The objective was to compare dietary patterns based on principal component analysis (PCA) to patterns based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The analysis was performed among 30,589 women from the E3N study (epidemiological cohort study among women of the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale). Whether PCA or CFA was used, 3 patterns were derived. For each pattern, we reported different correlations between food groups and dietary patterns when using PCA or CFA, leading to different associations between dietary patterns with socio-economic characteristics and adult-onset asthma. Obesity – The first objective was to assess the joint and independent, time-dependent, roles of physical activity and obesity on asthma using marginal structural models. Among 15,352 women from E3N, analyses showed that obesity was related causally to current asthma with symptoms independently of physical activity, whereas no association was reported for physical activity. The second objective was to assess the modifying role of overweight in the association between domestic exposure to cleaning sprays and current asthma. Among 304 women from E3N, analysis showed that among women without anti-inflammatory therapy, the effect of spray use on asthma was higher in overweight women. CFA should be considered for the assessment of dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology. Obesity may lead to asthma independently of physical activity, and may increase the deleterious effect of other environmental factors of asthma
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Bédard, Annabelle 1986. "Nutritional factors in asthma = Facteurs nutritionels dans l'asthme." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460881.
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The general aim of the thesis was to assess the role of nutritional factors in asthma in the French E3N study.
The first objective was to compare principal component (PCA) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to identify dietary patterns. In comparison with PCA patterns, CFA patterns were more relevant in terms of correlations with food groups and socio-economic characteristics, and associations with adult-onset asthma.
The second objective was to assess the joint roles of physical activity and obesity on asthma using marginal structural models. Analyses showed that obesity was related causally to current asthma with symptoms independently of physical activity, whereas no association was reported for physical activity.
The third objective was to assess the modifying role of overweight in the association between domestic cleaning spray use and current asthma. Analyses showed that among women without anti-inflammatory therapy, the effect of spray use on asthma was higher in overweight women.L’objectiu general de la tesi fou avaluar el paper dels factors nutricionals en l’asma. El primer objectiu fou comparar l’anàlisi de components principals (PCA) amb l’anàlisi factorial confirmatori (CFA) per identificar patrons de dieta. Comparat amb els patrons obtinguts amb PCA, els patrons obtinguts amb CFA mostraven major correlació amb grups d’aliments i característiques sociodemogràfiques, i aconseguien millor predicció de la incidència d’asma. El segon objectiu fou avaluar l’efecte conjunt de l’activitat física i l’obesitat en l’asma, utilitzant models marginals estructurals. Els resultats mostraren que l’obesitat es relaciona causalment amb els símptomes d’asma independentment de l’activitat física, mentre que no es va trobar cap efecte de l’activitat física. El tercer objectiu fou estudiar el paper modificador del sobrepès en l’associació entre l’ús de pulveritzadors de neteja domèstica i la presència d’asma. Les anàlisis mostraren que l’efecte de l’ús dels pulveritzadors era més gran en dones amb sobrepès i tractament antiinflamatori
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Turczynowicz, Leonid. "Asthma and risk factors in South Australia : an ecologic analysis." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmt933.pdf.
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Includes CD-ROM inside back cover of volume 2. Bibliography: p. 178-222. Aims to identify current risk factors for asthma and to determine which of these factors, at the population level, is associated with asthma prevalence in children in South Australia. In addition, modelling techniques are used to determine which factors are significant predictors of asthma prevalence in 4 to 5 year old children in S.A. Study results show that at the population level, 9 risk factors are significantly associated with lifetime prevalence and 24 factors with period prevalence. Study findings are generally consistent with existing literature.
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Kinyanjui, Margaret. "Targeting Th2 transcription factors in experimental asthma." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18717.
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Antigen specific CD4+ T cells adoptively transfer airway inflammation comprised mainly of lymphocytes and eosinophils. The ability of these transferred T cells to induce inflammation is dependent on the cytokines they express particularly Th2 cytokines. In order to better understand the mechanism by which adoptively transferred T cells induce airway inflammation, we chose to modulate the expression (GATA-3) and activity (STAT-6) of two key regulators of Th2 cytokine production. To modify expression of GATA-3, we used a bicistronic retroviral vector encoding GATA-3 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). As a control, we used a retrovector encoding EGFP alone. By coupling in vitro antigen stimulation with retroviral transduction we generated antigen specific CD4+ T cells expressing EGFP alone or GATA-3 and EGFP. When transferred into naïve recipients that were subsequently challenged, these transduced CD4+ T cells induced lung inflammatory responses with an increase in both CD4+ lymphocytes and eosinophils. This antigen specific inflammatory response was enhanced in animals receiving T cells overexpressing GATA-3. Analysis of the infiltrating cells also revealed that the EGFP+ T cells were present in the lung following antigen challenge, comprising only a small fraction of the CD4+ T cells recruited to the lung during the antigen response. Thus, GATA-3 amplifies antigen-specific inflammatory responses in the airways by augmenting the ability of antigen specific T cells to recruit inflammatory cells to the lung following antigen challenge. To modify the activity of STAT-6 we used chimeric cell penetrating peptides containing a poly-arginine protein transduction domain (PTD) coupled to a sequence predicted to bind and inhibit STAT-6 activity (SIP-1). Using fluorescein-tagged SIP-1, we demonstrate that the poly-arginine PTD efficiently translocates to the cytoplasm within an hour. In vitro, antigen-induced IL-4 production was inhibited in SIP-1-treated splenoLes cellules CD4+ T à antigènes spécifiques transfèrent par adoption l'inflammation pulmonaire constituées principalement de lymphocytes et d'éosinophiles. L'habileté de celles-ci à transférer des cellules T pour induire l'inflammation est dépendante de leur expression de cytokines Th2. De manière à mieux comprendre le mécanisme par lequel les cellules T transmises par adoption induisent l'inflammation pulmonaire, nous avons choisi de moduler l'expression de GATA-3) ou l'activité de (STAT-6) des deux régulateurs-clés de production de cytokine Th2. Afin de modifier l'expression de GATA-3 dans les cellules T destinées au transfert par adoption, nous avons utilisé un rétrovirus recombinant concentré avec une filtration par centrifugeuse. Ce procédé a dramatiquement augmenté leurs titres et ainsi leur habileté à transduire les cellules CD4+ T en culture primaire. Nous avons utilisé un rétrovirus recombinant qui encode la GATA-3 et / ou la protéine fluorescente verte (EGFP). En couplant in vitro la stimulation d'antigènes avec la transduction par vecteur viral, nous avons généré des cellules CD4+ T à antigènes spécifiques exprimant de l'EGFP seul ou bien de la GATA-3 et de l'EGFP. Lorsque transféré dans un rat qui avait subséquemment été provoqué avec des antigènes, ces cellules CD4+ T induisent une réaction aux inflammations pulmonaires avec une augmentation des lymphocytes et éosinophiles. Cette réaction inflammatoire fut accrue chez les animaux recevant les cellules T surexprimant la GATA-3. L'analyse des cellules infiltrantes a aussi révélé que bien que les cellules EGFP+ étaient présentes dans les poumons suivant la provocation par antigènes, elles étaient constituées seulement d'une petite fraction de cellules CD4+ T recrutées dans les poumons. Ainsi, la GATA-3 amplifie la réaction inflammatoire des poumons induite par antigènes en augmentant l'habileté des cellules T à antigènes spécifiques à recruter
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Gunnbjörnsdóttir, María Ingibjörg. "Asthma and respiratory symptoms in Nordic countries, environmental and personal risk factors /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7076.
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Matulonga, diakiese Bobette. "Particularité de l’asthme de la femme : incidence, évolution avec le vieillissement (ménopause) et facteurs de risque." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS255/document.
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IntroductionLes raisons de l’excès de risque d’asthme chez la femme ne sont pas établies. La réversion du sexe ratio autour de la puberté a fait évoquer le rôle des hormones sexuelles féminines dans l’asthme. Cependant l’histoire naturelle de l’asthme après 50 ans a été très peu étudiée. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’apporter des nouveaux éléments de connaissance sur l’histoire naturelle de l’asthme de la femme. Les objectifs spécifiques étaient l’étude de l’incidence de l’asthme allergique et non-allergique de la femme et de son évolution avec le vieillissement (différences par rapport aux hommes après 50 ans, et association avec la ménopause) et l’étude de certains facteurs de risque associés à l’asthme de la femme.Matériels et méthodesL’incidence et l’évolution de l’asthme ont été étudiées chez 2 125 hommes et 2 298 femmes, initialement âgés de 20 à 44 ans et suivis pendant 20 ans dans la cohorte européenne sur la santé respiratoire « ECRHS ». Les associations entre la ménopause et l’asthme de la femme ont été étudiées dans un échantillon de 67 872 femmes, initialement âgées de 41 à 68 ans et suivies pendant 12 ans au sein de la cohorte E3N. Les données sur les expositions environnementales de l’Etude des facteurs Génétiques et Environnementaux de l’Asthme (EGEA) ont été utilisées pour étudier l’association entre l’usage domestique d’eau de Javel et l’asthme auprès de 607 femmes âgées de 44 ans en moyenne. L’asthme allergique est défini par la présence de tests cutanés positifs.RésultatsDans la cohorte ECRHS, les femmes étaient plus à risque que les hommes de développer de l’asthme non-allergique (Odds-Ratio (OR) ; Intervalle de confiance à IC95% : 4,0 [2,5-6,5]). Cette différence était moins marquée pour l’asthme allergique (OR 1,7 [1,0-2,7]), et on n’observait pas de différence dans la progression de l’asthme.L’analyse de la cohorte E3N ne montre pas de différence dans l’incidence de l’asthme entre les femmes pré-ménopausées et post-ménopausées de même âge, chez les femmes de corpulence normale (Hazard Ratio(HR) :1,1 [0,8-1,3]). Cependant, chez les femmes obèses, l’incidence de l’asthme augmentait lors de la transition vers la ménopause (aHR :1.9[1.0-3.7]) et en post-ménopause (HR :2,9 [1,1-4,1]). La ménopause chirurgicale était également associée à un plus grand risque d’asthme.Dans la cohorte EGEA, seuls 2% d’hommes contre 37% des femmes utilisaient hebdomadairement l’eau de Javel pour faire le ménage. Chez les femmes, l’usage fréquent d’eau de Javel était associé à un plus grand risque d’asthme non-allergique (OR :1,7 [IC :1,0-3,0]), mais il n’y a pas d’association avec l’asthme allergique. Chez les femmes asthmatiques, l’usage d’eau de javel était associé à une neutrophilie plus élevée.ConclusionA l’issue de ce travail, nous avons montré que le risque accru d’asthme chez la femme persistait au-delà de la période reproductive, et que la chute des hormones sexuelles féminines à la ménopause n’était pas indépendamment associée à l’incidence de l’asthme. D’autres facteurs, dont l’interaction entre les facteurs métaboliques et hormonaux, et les expositions genre-dépendantes pourraient expliquer l’excès de risque d’asthme non-allergique chez la femmeIntroductionThe reason for the higher asthma incidence in women during the reproductive years is still unknown. The gender switch in asthma incidence around puberty has been put forward to suggest a role of female sex hormones in asthma. However, there are limited findings in the natural history of asthma after age of 50 and whether the transition through menopause is associated with change in asthma incidence is unknown.The objective of this thesis was to investigate the natural history of allergic and non-allergic asthma in women in term of incidence, evolution with aging (menopause) and risk factors of asthma in women with a focus on the gender differences.Materials and methodsThe gender differences in allergic and non-allergic asthma was assess in 2.125 men and 2.298 women free of asthma at baseline (aged 20-44) followed for 20 years as a part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). The association between asthma incidence and menopausal status was assessed in 67,872 women free of asthma at baseline (aged 41-68 years) and regularly followed-up as a part of the French E3N cohort. Association between the domestic use of cleaning bleach and allergic and non-allergic asthma have been assess in 607 women (mean age 44 years) participating in the first follow-up of the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA). Allergy was define by a positive skin prick test.ResultsWith data from ECRHS we showed that the incidence of non-allergic asthma was higher in women as compared to men (Odds Ratio (OR): 4.0 [95% Confident Interval (CI95%): 2.5-6.5]. The female predominance was less marked for allergic asthma (OR :1.7 [IC :1.0-2.7]). However, in asthmatics there was no gender differences in the progression of asthma. With data from E3N we showed that among normal-weight women, there was no difference in asthma incidence between premenopausal and naturally postmenopausal women of the same age (Hazard Ratio(HR) :1,1 [0,8-1,3]). However, in obese women, the transition through menopause (HR: 1.9[1.0-3.7]) and the later period after menopause (HR:2.1 [1.1-4.1]) were associated with a higher asthma incidence. Surgically post-menopausal women were also at increased risk of developing asthma (HR:1.33[95%CI 1.01-1.75]).In EGEA, only 2% of men and 37% of women reported using bleach weekly for home cleaning. Women using bleach were at increased risk for non-allergic asthma (OR 3.3; 95%CI 1.5-7.1), and more particularly for non-allergic adult-onset asthma (OR 4.9; 95%CI 2.0-11.6). No association was observed for allergic asthma. Among women with asthma, frequent use of bleach was significantly associated with higher blood neutrophil cell counts.ConclusionGender differences in asthma incidence still persist in older adults however, changes in female sex hormones level occurring around natural menopause was not independently associated with change in asthma incidence in women. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that female sex hormones are independently associated with asthma incidence. The interaction between metabolic and hormonal factors and the gender difference in environment factor such as bleach use might explain the gender switch in asthma incidence around puberty and the female predominance in asthma more particularly for non-allergic asthma in adulthood
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Ferreira, Manuel A. R. "Genetic risk factors for allergic asthma in Australian families /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19164.pdf.
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McCants, Kellie M. "Factors affecting treatment regimen adherence in children and adolescents with asthma." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1041866923.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 134 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-108). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Deverell, Marie. "Risk factors for persistent asthma in adolescents : a community based longitudinal birth cohort." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0171.
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[Truncated abstract] Asthma is a chronic and complex disorder and despite our increase in the understanding of the genetics, pathology and mechanisms underlying asthma a gold standard definition of asthma does not exist. A criterion for recognising and diagnosing asthma in epidemiological studies is crucial in order to determine risk factors for disease. Prospective longitudinal birth cohort studies have increased our understanding of the natural history and risk factors for asthma, yet we are still not able to accurately predict which children will go on to have asthma as adults. It is during the transition from childhood to adolescence where factors underlying asthma change and the prevalence of asthma shifts between the sexes. There are inconsistencies regarding risk factors for the development and persistence of disease during this transitional period. Risk factors predicting the development and persistence of asthma and intermediate phenotypes (BHR, airway inflammation and atopy) may be influenced by gender and risk factors predicting disease may differ between childhood and adolescence. Aims 1. To identify risk factors for Asthma, BHR and Atopy at 14yrs of age. 2. To determine risk factors for persistence of asthma between 6 and 14 years. 3. To examine the influence of gender on risk factors during adolescence. Method The West Australian Pregnancy Cohort is a longitudinal birth cohort. The cohort initially consisted of 2868 live births with follow-ups at 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10 and 14 years of V age. ... Strong associations were seen with BHR and new diagnosis of wheeze and asthma in VI teenagers. Interestingly having either a cat or dog inside was protective for persistence of disease; in particular stronger associations were seen in teenage girls not in boys. During this transitional period the risk factors for asthma and intermediate phenotypes differ between the sexes. Different mechanisms are likely to be involved in determining asthma in boys and girls during adolescence and shed new light on the recognised switch in the gender balance in asthma prevalence from the male predominance in childhood to the female predominance in adult life. Our understanding of the natural course of disease from the prenatal period to adulthood and the identification of the various asthma phenotypes has the potential to change prognosis and planning of therapeutic strategies. Identifying those at high risk for persistence of disease in the early stages of life will allow therapeutic interventions to be more appropriately targeted.
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Uddenfeldt, Monica. "A Longitudinal Study of Asthma : Risk Factors and Prognosis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arbets- och miljömedicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-133218.
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The aim of this thesis was to identify risk factors for the onset of adult asthma. Other objectives were to study determinants of smoking habits and the association between sensitization and outcome of asthma. In 1990, a questionnaire was distributed to 12,732 individuals from three age groups (16, 30-39 and 60-69 years) in two counties of Sweden. In a second phase, 2538 subjects who had reported respiratory symptoms and 600 controls were invited to clinical investigations, 81% participated. At the follow-up in 2003 subjects of the remaining cohort (11,282) were re-invited. Analyses are based on the 67% (n=7563) who responded to both questionnaires 1990 and 2003. In 2003, 17.2% of the young adults, 11.4% of the middle-aged and 10.3% of the elderly reported having, or having had, asthma. A total of 791 subjects reported onset of asthma during the 13-year study period. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, hard physical training and a low consumption of fruit and fish were constant risk factors for onset of asthma after adjusting for socioeconomic group. A smoker’s risk of asthma onset was increased by 37%. The impact of risk factors differed between the age-groups. BMI had a significantly higher impact in the middle-aged and elderly. In subjects participating in the clinical investigations in 1990, sensitization to pets, were determinants of both persistent asthma and onset of asthma in 2003. The risk for persistent asthma was threefold. The risk for onset of asthma was more than doubled. Smoking at baseline in 1990 was the strongest determinant of being a smoker in 2003. Allergic sensitization and clinically verified asthma were not associated with smoking habits in 2003. No differences in changing smoking habits could be identified between smokers with or without asthma. In conclusion, modifiable lifestyle factors are important risk factors for adult onset asthma. The co-occurrence and interplay between asthma and cigarette smoking is still puzzling.
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Friedman, Abby H. "Parenting factors related to asthma and anxiety in children." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4983.
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Hysi, Pirro. "Investigation of genetic factors causing susceptibility to bronchial asthma." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424840.
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Salema, Nde-Eshimuni Manase. "Factors related to medicines adherence in adolescents with asthma." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555804.
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Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions that presents amongst adolescents. Untreated asthma can be debilitating. Hence, for many adolescents the successful management of asthma relies on taking medicines. It has been observed that non-adherence to asthma medicines is widely reported during adolescence. The unique challenges inherent to the adolescent developmental phase have been implicated in this observation. A more comprehensive understanding of the reasons influencing adherence to medicines is needed before interventions to facilitate adherence can be implemented. This thesis aimed to explore what factors influenced medicines adherence in adolescents with asthma through a systematic review of 17 adherence enhancing interventions (AEls) in adolescents taking long-term medicines; 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews with adolescents aged 13 to 19 years old, of which 13 were photo-interviews; and a quantitative analysis of 248 online surveys completed by university students with asthma aged 18 or 19 years old. The systematic review identified focussing interventions on a narrow age range, involving parent/family support for complex medicines regimens and improving access to care, as factors impacting positively on adherence. The qualitative inquiry found that forgetting, having concerns about medicines, perceiving that asthma medicines were not necessary, unwillingness to respond to asthma symptoms and being ill-equipped as an asthma self- manager, negatively impacted adherence. Adolescents also reported a variety of strategies they used to facilitate medicines-taking. Hierarchical regression analysis modelling revealed that higher medicines concerns, lower belief in the necessity for medicines, binge drinking and not usually carrying inhalers were associated with low self-reported adherence by the 8- item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The knowledge gleaned from this thesis provides policy makers, health care practitioners, researchers, and others responsible for caring for adolescents with asthma, with new evidence to consider when engaging efforts to understand and facilitate medicines-taking in this patient group.
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Simpson, Angela. "Genetic and Environmental Factors in Asthma and Allergic Diseases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505521.
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Gao, P. "Epidemiology of asthma and atopy : environmental and genetic factors." Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637026.
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Carroll, Will. "Maternal versus paternal factors in the heritability of asthma." Thesis, Keele University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487303.
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Asthma is a complex disorder with environmental and genetic triggers. These have been the subject of extensive study but progress in establishing reliable genetic determinants of this disease have met with only limited success. In this thesis I report on how the asthma phenotype in childhood varies within different populations of asthmatic children and how this might influence the results of our studies and those of other authors. I then critically review each component of the asthma phenotype and discuss its usefulness as· a marker of the disease within the population studied. I then go on to determine genetic associations between individual and parental genotype and phenotypic expression within children using a structured candidate gene approach. Following this approach it is evident that parts of the asthma phenotype, specifically airway hyperresponsiveness as measured by methacholine challenge varies consid~rably between different regional asthma centres.The reasons for this variation are unknown but limit the usefulness of this measure as an endpoint within our cohort 'of children. Subsequent detailed examination of other potential markers of- the asthma phenotype include an asthma severity score based on international guidelines, lung function measurements, total serum immunoglobulin E levels and the results of skin prick tests.
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Teran, Luis Manuel. "Identification of neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic factors in asthma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295930.
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Haghighi, Kakhki Alireza. "Investigation of genetic factors causing asthma and associated traits." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589622.
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Asthma is a common complex disease that affects millions of people around the world. Studies indicate the increase in prevalence of asthma worldwide during the past century and report asthma as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Asthma can be considered as an important health condition in the UK that ranks amongst the countries with the highest rate of asthma prevalence, hospital admissions and mortality due to asthma. Asthma is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetics has an important role in development of asthma with the heritability of around 70% in most studies. To date, more than 100 asthma . associated genes have been identified but they account for only a small proportion of the heritability of asthma. The centerpiece of this thesis is the investigation of genetic association of cystatin and cathepsin genes with asthma and associated phenotypes including atopy and IgE levels. Cathepsinsl cystatins, as proteases and the related antiproteases have been suggested to have a role in airway remodeling. The investigation included three phases; initial association study, replication study in two independent samples sets and complementary analyses. Three sample panels were used in the studies; AUS1/UK1, MRC- AlMRC-E and DLM-4264. The results of this work identified CSTL 1 (cystatin like-1) associated with asthma and IgE levels.
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Kelly, Yvonne Jones. "Risk factors for respiratory morbidity in primary school children in Merseyside." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243256.
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Lewis, R. A. "Factors influencing delivery of and response to nebulised solutions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356784.
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Slater, Joanne Tracy. "Self-efficacy and childhood asthma : an investigation of psychological factors." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17081.
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Childhood asthma is a chronic condition affecting up to one in every seven children. Self-management programs have been developed to help improve children's abilities to both manage and cope with their asthma. If these programs are to be fully effective, an understanding of the psychological factors that influence children's sense of competence to manage their condition is required. This study aimed to identify psychological variables that may influence children's asthma self-efficacy including children's health locus of control, child's attitudes toward illness and children's level of anxiety. The relationship between children's level of asthma knowledge and their sense of competence to manage the illness was explored. The importance of parent's level of asthma knowledge and parent asthma self-efficacy was also examined in relation to children's level of asthma self-efficacy. The study adopted a within group cross-sectional approach. Children aged 7-15 years of age with asthma were invited to participate in the research. Data were collected on 71 children and their parents based on self-report measures rating child and parent asthma self-efficacy and asthma knowledge, child health locus of control, child attitudes toward illness and anxiety. A correlational design was employed to test for associations and relationships between children's asthma self-efficacy and the factors noted above. Results will be given and discussed with reference to previous research findings with conclusions reached.
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Vogt, Hartmut. "Early life factors and the long-term development of asthma." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pediatrik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85159.
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Asthma, a huge burden on millions of individuals worldwide, is one of the most important public health issues in many countries. As genetic and environmental factors interact, asthma may be programmed very early in life, perhaps even in utero. The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of gestational age, cord blood immunoglobulin E (IgE), a family history of asthma, migration, and pertussis immunization in early life on the development of asthma in child and adult populations. As a proxy for asthma disease, dispensed asthma medication was used as the main outcome variable based on data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Data from other national registers were used to control for confounders. Three of our studies were based on national cohorts, and one on a local birth cohort that was initiated in 1974–75. Gestational age had an inverse dose-response relationship with dispensed asthma medication in 6– to 19-year-olds. Odds ratios for dispensed asthma medication increased with degree of prematurity compared with children born in term. Furthermore, asthma medication was more likely to be dispensed among children and adolescents born early term after 37–38 weeks’ gestation than among those at the same age who were born in term. Elevated cord blood IgE and a family history of asthma in infancy were associated with a two- to threefold increased likelihood of dispensed asthma medication and self-reported allergen-induced respiratory symptoms at the age of 32–34 years, but the predictive power was poor. Age at migration had an inverse dose-response relationship with dispensed asthma medication at the age of 6–25 years in adoptees and foreign-born children with foreign-born parents. International adoptees and children born in Sweden to foreign-born parents had three- to fourfold higher rates of asthma medication compared with foreign-born children who were raised by their foreign-born birth parents. No association was found between pertussis immunization in early infancy and dispensed asthma medication in 15-year-olds. The type of vaccine or vaccine schedule did not affect the outcome. Fetal life is a vulnerable period. This thesis strengthens the evidence that every week of gestation is important for lung maturation. Cord blood IgE, however, did not predict the risk of asthma in adults. Furthermore, the study of migrating populations demonstrated that environmental changes at any age during childhood may affect the risk of asthma. Another, important public health message from this thesis is that vaccination against pertussis in early childhood can be considered safe with respect to the long-term development of asthma.
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Spurrier, Nicola J. "Parent's management of childhood asthma : the relevance of psychosocial factors /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs7722.pdf.
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Guerra, Stefano. "Risk factors for incidence and persistence of asthma-like symptoms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280354.
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Asthma represents the most common chronic disease in childhood. Children with asthma are at increased risk for developing long-term irreversible airway obstruction in adult life, the fourth leading cause of death in USA. Our aims were to: (1) Determine whether reduced IFNgamma production and plasma soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels in early life are significant risk factors for the development of wheezing in the first year of life; (2) Estimate rates of persistence and remission of childhood wheezing after puberty; (3) Study risk factors affecting persistence of childhood wheezing after puberty. We used data from the two large ongoing birth cohorts of the Tucson Infant Immune Study (IIS) and the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (CRS). Among 238 children from IIS, we found the odds of developing recurrent wheezing in the first year of life to be 4.5 times higher for children in the lowest quartile of IFNgamma production at 3 months (p = .0005) and 3.2 times higher for children in the lowest quartile of sCD14 levels at birth (p = .004) as compared with children in the other 3 combined quartiles of IFNgamma and sCD14, respectively. We studied persistence and remission of wheezing after puberty among 732 children from the CRS cohort. We found that 29% of children with infrequent wheezing during childhood experienced persistent wheezing after contrast, the proportion of persistent wheezing was much higher (60%) among children meeting the for asthma during childhood. Frequency of wheezing during childhood, obesity, an early onset of puberty, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and skin test sensitization were significant predictors of persistent asthma after puberty. By looking at genetic factors, we also found that the homozygous status for Gly in codon 16 of the beta2 Adrenoceptor doubled the risk for persistent wheezing after puberty among boys (RR 2.01, p = .0008) but not girls. Our findings from two population-based longitudinal cohorts provide the first evidence that altered immunological markers precede the onset of wheezing early in life, challenge the commonly held view that most asthma cases remit during adolescence, and provide a profile of risk.
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Rumchev, Krassi. "Indoor environmental risk factors for respiratory symptoms and asthma in young children." Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 2001. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12389.
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Asthma is a common chronic disorder in Western countries and is increasing in prevalence in both children and adults. Although genetic risk for atopy is an important factor for the development of asthma, it does not explain the tremendous increase in prevalence seen in recent decades. Environmental exposures in early life that affect immune maturation appear to be the key factors for the development of asthma. The indoor environment is a likely candidate since infants spend 90% of the time indoors at a time when immune deviation usually occurs. Exposure to indoor pollutants represents a potentially modifiable cause of allergic sensitization and asthma. In this context, it becomes important to establish which environmental factors might influence the development of asthma in predisposed individuals. Allergic reactions to certain environmental allergens such as house dust mites, cats, and cockroaches, have shown a high level of association with asthma prevalence, but in the last five years increasing attention is being paid to indoor environmental factors, other than allergens, that may be involved in the development of this disorder. The potential irritants include nitrogen dioxide, environmental tobacco smoke, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter (PM[subscript]2.5;10).The aim of the study was to examine the nature of the relationship between asthma and environmental exposure to indoor environmental irritants.A population based case-control study had been carried out in Perth, Western Australia. The study population consisted of young children (N = 192) aged between 6 months and 3 years old. Cases (n = 88) were asthmatic children who attended the Accident and Emergency Department at Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and were discharged with asthma as a primary diagnosis. Controls (n = 104) were children in the same age group as cases ++who had never been diagnosed with asthma, identified from birth records accessed through the Health Department of Western Australia. Information, regarding the respiratory conditions experienced by the study children and characteristics of the home, was collected using a standardised questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of questions about potential risk factors for asthma and these factors were grouped in three categories. The first category included information on personal and social factors such as age and gender of the child, and mother's and father's educational level. The second category was related to personal susceptibility factors such as child's allergy, parental and sibling's asthma, eczema and hay fever. The last category included environmental exposure in the house such as parental and visitors smoking inside the house, exposure to gas heating and cooking, kerosene space heaters, open fireplaces, and pets. Other questions related to environmental exposure were the presence of air conditioning, humidifiers, and type of floor covering in the child's bedroom and the living room. Measurements of indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO[subscript]2), formaldehyde (HCHO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM[subscript]10), and house dust mite exposure were made on two occasions over one year, winter (middle June through September 1998) and summer (December 1998 through March 1999), Indoor temperature and relative humidity were also measured. The atopic status of the children was assessed by skin prick tests to common allergens.The study results indicated that age, gender, family history of asthma, atopy and domestic exposure to indoor environmental factors were significant predictors of asthma early in life. The study found that indoor exposure to formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds and house dust mite significantly increased the risk of ++
having asthma. Presence of air conditioning appeared to be a protective factor for asthma.In conclusion, the study results confirmed the role of susceptibility factors in asthma and show that indoor environmental factors contribute as risk factors for asthma in early stage of fife. The observation that exposure to indoor air pollutants in early childhood is associated with asthma suggests the possibility that irritants in indoor air might be involved in the initiation phase of asthma. Since the quality of the indoor environment is potentially modifiable there might be opportunities for intervention to reduce asthma symptoms. In order to counteract the increasing prevalence in asthma, the significance of the indoor environment where children grow and spend most of their time need to be given greater attention.
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Vizcaya, Fernández David. "Asthma and hand dermatitis in cleaning workers: characteristics and risk factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81781.
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During the last decade, several studies highlighted a higher risk of asthma among workers using cleaning products and, more specifically, among cleaning workers. A hypothesis on a causal role of irritant exposure has been proposed. Given the large population exposed to these agents, not only at work, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of the cleaning-related respiratory symptoms, as well as the risk factors of asthma in this workforce in order to achieve a healthier work and home environment.
EPIASLI-2 aimed to disentangle the patho-physiological characteristics of asthma in cleaning workers as well as to identify the main risk factors for asthma and hand dermatitis. A two-stage sampling among Barcelona’s cleaning companies and their employees was performed during 2007-08. After a cross-sectional survey among the identified workers, a nested case-control study among current cleaners was conducted. The exposure and symptoms were measured by a questionnaire. In addition, we obtained blood and Exhaled Breath Condensate samples, Fe-NO, lung function and BHR measures.
The project resulted in one review article and three original papers, all of them already published or submitted in international renowned journals. We found an increased prevalence of asthma and hand dermatitis symptoms among cleaning workers using irritants and multiuse products and among those working in hospitals and outdoor areas. The evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers and lung function suggests that eosinophilic inflammation does not play a key role. Nevertheless, an immunological mechanism of asthma must not be neglected.
People exposed to high-risk cleaning products must be monitored and the exposure among this population must be reduced if not avoided.Durante la última decada, numerosos estudios resaltaron un mayor riesgo de asma entre los trabajadores que usan productos de limpieza y, más concretamente, entre trabajadores de limpieza. Se ha hipotetizado que la exposición a irritantes puede ser la causa subyacente. Dada la gran población expuesta a estos agents, no solo en el trabajo, es crucial entender los mecanismos de los síntomas respiratorios asociados a la limpieza, así como los factores de riesgo de asma para alcanzar un ambiente más saludable en casa y en el trabajo. EPIASLI-2 se diseñó para esclarecer dichos puntos en relación con asma y con dermatitis de manos. En 2007-08 se realizó un muestreo en dos etapas entre las empresas de limpieza de Barcelona y sus empleados. Tras el estudio transversal de dichas empresas, se realizó un estudio caso-control entre los trabajadores de limpieza. La exposición y la sintomatología se midieron con cuestionarios. Además, obtuvimos muestras de sangre, condensado de aire exhalado, FeNO, función pulmonar y tests de hiperreactividad bronquial. El proyecto resultó en un artículo de revisión y tres artículos originales, todos ellos publicados o en revisión en reconocidas revistas internacionales. Encontramos un incremento en la prevalencia de síntomas de asma y dermatitis de manos entre los limpiadores que usaban irritantes y productos multiusos así como entre los que trabajaban en hospitales y áreas abiertas. La evaluación de los biomarcadores de inflamación y la función pulmonar sugieren que la inflamación eosinofílica no tiene un papel importante. Sin embargo, los mecanismos inmunológicos de asma no deben ser ignorados. La población expuesta a productos de limpieza de alto riesgo debe ser vigilada y la exposición debe ser reducida cuando no evitada.
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Castro, Giner Francesc. "Genetic and environmental factors in asthma: a population based European study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7194.
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L'asma és una malaltia d'etiologia complexa, formada per factors genètics i ambientals, on la interrelació de ambdós factors mitjançant interaccions gen-ambient juga un paper clau. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi ha sigut aprofundir en el coneixement del paper dels polimorfismes genètics, i la seva interacció amb factors ambientals, en la ocurrència d'asma, atòpia i hiperreactivitat bronquial. Aquest objectiu ha estat desenvolupat a través de la replicació de variants genètiques prèviament identificades, l'avaluació d'interaccions gen-ambient i la identificació de nous gens de susceptibilitat mitjançant un disseny basat en el genotipatge de variants genètiques all llarg del genoma en pools d'ADN. La tesi ha estat majoritàriament duta a terme dins l'estudi European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) que està comprès per 5.000 individus seguits durant 9 anys, pels quals es disposa d'un qüestionari complet sobre símptomes respiratoris, avaluacions clíniques, informació sobre exposicions ambientals i mostres de ADN. Aquesta tesi a replicat l'associació del polimorfismes dels gens TNFA i NPSR1 amb asma. A més s'han establert les interaccions entre TNFA i obesitat, NQO1 i contaminació atmosfèrica, i NPSR1 i edat d'inici d'asma. L'anàlisi de pools d' ADN ha permès associar la regió on es situa el gen SGK493 amb atòpia. Aquesta tesi contribueix al coneixement de l'etiologia d'asma amb la identificació i replicació d'associacions genètiques i interaccions gen-ambient.Asthma is a disease with a complex etiology, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors, and with an important role of the interplay of these factors through gene-environment interactions. In this thesis I aimed to advance our knowledge on the importance of genetic polymorphisms and their interaction with environmental data for the occurrence of asthma and related phenotypes (atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity). This objective was developed through the replication of genetic associations previously reported, the assessment of gene-environment interactions and the identification of new susceptibility genes using genome-wide analysis based on a pooling DNA strategy. The thesis was, mostly, performed within the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). This cohort has information and DNA samples from approximately 5,000 adult subjects followed-up for 9 years, with extensive questionnaires on respiratory symptoms, clinical evaluations and information on environmental exposures. This thesis replicates previous effects on asthma of polymorphisms in TNFA and NPSR1 genes. In addition, interactions have been established between TNFA and obesity, NQO1 and air-pollution, and NPSR1 and age at onset of asthma. The approach based on genome-wide analysis of DNA pools identified the SGK493 region being associated with atopy. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the etiology of asthma through the identification and replication of genetic associations and gene-environment interactions.
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Eshraghian, Mohammad Reza. "Risk factors and pattern of asthma admissions in Scotland (1981-1992)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309485.
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Child, Helen Frances. "Defining the asthma phenotype : a study of clinical and genetic factors." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392163.
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Davies, Gwyneth Ann. "Asthma and Th2 immunity : the impact of genetic factors and obesity." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42321.
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Introduction: Th2 immune signalling is key to the pathological substrate of asthma. The primary objective of this thesis was to identify the predictive effects of genetic variants of Th2 signalling at the population level, and to examine interactions between different loci, with relation to asthma and associated phenotypes. This genetic epidemiological study provided an opportunity to explore also the predictive effects of different measures of obesity on these phenotypes. Methods: An unselected population of 1614 young adults was recruited. Responses to validated questionnaires and spirometry provided clinical and physiological asthma phenotypes. Anthropometry provided the measures of obesity. Assays on venous blood provided immune phenotypes (IgE, eosinophils, eotaxin). Genotyping encompassed 22 polymorphisms in the 1L13, IL4RA and STAT6 genes, representing the Th2 immune signalling pathway. Data analysis used linear and logistic regression models, and a modified regression to address haplotypes. Results: Single polymorphisms and hapiotypes of IL13, IL4RA and STAT6 loci significantly predicted asthma, eczema and hayfever at the population level. Several novel associations were shown for serum IgE levels and airflow obstruction. Significant interaction (epistasis) was identified between variants of IL13 and STAT6 for total IgE levels. Adiposity indices (BMI, waist circumference, body fat) showed consistent associations with asthma and airflow obstruction, but also with Th2 inflammatory markers (IgE, eotaxin and eosinophils) with modulation by sex/smoking status. Conclusions: Genetic variants of Th2 immune signalling are one important source of risk for asthma and allergy in the general population, with variants operating both singly and in combination. Obesity and its causes are also likely to be significant contributors to the occurrence of asthma in the population, and may operate through pro- inflammatory mechanisms. These findings exemplify the polygenic and multifactorial determination of asthma and allergy, through genetic and environmental effects.
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McCants, Kellie Michele. "Factors Affecting Treatment Regimen Adherence in Children and Adolescents with Asthma." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1041866923.
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Marinho, Susana Fernandes. "Genetic and environmental factors in asthma and allergic phenotypes in adults." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527412.
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Gunnbjörnsdóttir, María Ingibjörg. "Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms in Nordic Countries, Environmental and Personal Risk Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7076.
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The overall aims of our studies were to identify risk factors for respiratory symptoms and asthma in indoor environment but even to look at some personal risk factors such as body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux. The study population is based on participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I and II.
In the first study, water damage and visible moulds were reported in 7.4% and 17% of the homes respectively. The combination of water damage and visible moulds was independently associated with attacks of breathlessness when resting and after activity and also to long term cough. In the second study, the prevalence of nocturnal GER increased with higher BMI and the same pattern could be seen for habitual snoring. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms increased in prevalence along with the BMI gradient. In the multivariable analysis, obesity and nocturnal GER were independent risk factors for onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Habitual snoring was an independent risk factor for onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms, but not for onset of asthma. In the third study, a total of 18% of the subjects reported indoor dampness in the last 12 months and 27% of the subjects reported indoor dampness since the previous survey. Respiratory symptoms and asthma were significantly more prevalent in individuals exposed to indoor dampness and indoor dampness was a risk factor for respiratory symptoms and asthma after adjusting for possible confounders. Indoor dampness was an independent risk factor for onset of respiratory symptoms but not for asthma onset. Remission of respiratory symptoms was less likely to occur if subjects reported indoor dampness. In the fourth study, the lowest prevalence of atopy and the lowest levels of all indoor allergens, bacteria and moulds were found in Iceland. A positive association was found, between cat allergen exposure and asthma symptoms and between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the amount of viable mould in indoor air.
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Tunsäter, Alf. "Psychosocial factors in newly diagnosed bronchial asthma an investigation of adult asthmatics /." Göteborg, Sweden : Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35143416.html.
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Hart, Adrian. "Psycho-social factors influencing the quality of life in adolescents with asthma /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsh325.pdf.
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Ruz, S. Abu. "Factors influencing adherence and disease control in patients with asthma and diabetes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273144.
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Hain, Tanya. "An investigation into psychological factors in severe and Type 1 brittle asthma." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369013.
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Huovinen, Elisa. "An epidemiological study of occurrence, prognosis and predisposing factors of adult asthma." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kansa/vk/huovinen/.
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Blyth, Thomas Peter. "Risk factors for life-threatening asthma in childhood : a case-control study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611488.
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Ayuk, Adaeze Chikaodinaka. "Environmental risk factors for asthma in 13-14 year old African children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29369.
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BACKGROUND: Asthma prevalence in African children is high and increasing, with more severe disease than that in high income countries. Specific factors driving the rising prevalence or disease severity are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate environmental factors associated with asthma and severity in African children using data obtained from International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, (ISAAC) III.
METHODS: A population based cross-sectional study of children aged 13-14 years from 10 African centres who participated in ISAAC III from randomly selected schools. The prevalence of asthma or severe asthma was calculated for each centre. Self-reported environmental exposures included engaging in physical exercise, television watching, biomass and ETS exposure, consumption of paracetamol, large family sizes and having pets in the home. Univariable and multivariable analyses were done adjusting for centre variations. Odds ratio and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS: Amongst 28490 adolescents from 232 schools in 10 African centres (4 middle income and 6 low income), the prevalence of asthma was 12.8% (CI 12.4-13.2), while prevalence of severe disease was 8.7% (CI 8.4-8.0). Factors most strongly associated with asthma were maternal smoking (OR= 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.64), exposure to open fire heating (OR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.51) and electric heating (OR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.28), engaging in strenuous exercise (OR= 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.50 and monthly use of paracetamol (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.13 - 1.33, while having an elder sibling was protective for asthma (OR=0.87; 95% CI 0.77 – 0.98). Factors strongly associated with severe asthma were maternal smoking (OR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.38 - 1.89), having a cat pet at home (OR=1.14; 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.25), engaging in≥3 weekly physical exercise (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.64) and monthly consumption of paracetamol (OR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.07 - 1.34).
CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of severe asthma in African children. Several environmental exposures were associated with asthma or with severe disease. Strategies to reduce harmful environmental exposures must be strengthened to reduce the burden of childhood asthma in Africa.
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Rodrigues, Álvaro Diogo Ferreira. "Bronchial asthma in portuguese university students: study of prevalence and risk factors." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1060.
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Objectives – To determine the prevalence of asthma in Portuguese university students; to characterize their disease based on self-reported symptoms; and to identify possible risk factors for Asthma.
Methods – In this observational cross-sectional study, a sample of 1000 students were randomly selected and given a questionnaire in order to determine the prevalence of bronchial asthma. From the students who were identified and gave their consent, 548 answered a questionnaire. Those whose answers were compatible with a probable diagnosis of bronchial asthma were contacted, via phone call, in order to assess their asthma control. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted using logistic regressions models to determine potential risk factors.
Results – A total of 578 students answered the questionnaire, and 121 were identified with self-reported symptoms compatible with asthma. Of these, 48.8% already had a previous diagnosis made by a doctor. 76% of the diagnosed students also had rhinitis. The triggers for asthma symptoms most reported by the students were common colds, exposure to pollens, house dust, tobacco smoke and weather changes. Of the students identified with self-reported asthma, 50.4% answered the phone call, and, of these, 62.3% had asthma symptoms that were not controlled in the previous month. From the factors potentially associated with increased risk of asthma, two of them significantly increased the risk of the disease: habits of regular smoking (OR = 2.09, 95%CI 1.21 to 3.62) and personal history of dermatitis/ atopic eczema (OR 2.65, 95%CI 1.55 to 4.54).
Conclusions – The prevalence of asthma in university students in Beira Interior, Portugal, was 20.9%. Only 48.8% of them had a previous diagnosis made by a doctor. Of those who allowed us to assess their asthma control, 62.3% were not controlled, and that may be related to infrequent medical follow up. Regular smoking and personal history of dermatitis/atopic eczema significantly increased the risk of having bronchial asthma.Objetivos - Determinar a prevalência de asma brônquica em estudantes universitários portugueses; caracterizar a sua doença com base em sintomas auto reportados; identificar possíveis fatores de risco para a asma. Métodos – Neste estudo transversal observacional, uma amostra de 1000 alunos foi aleatoriamente selecionada para responder a um questionário de rastreio. O questionário foi entregue em papel, nas salas de aula, aos alunos identificados que deram o seu consentimento. Dos alunos identificados, 548 responderam ao questionário. Aqueles cujas respostas eram compatíveis com um provável diagnóstico de asma brônquica foram contactados, por via telefónica, com o objetivo de medir o controlo dos seus sintomas asmáticos no mês anterior. Para determinar potenciais fatores de risco de asma brônquica, foram efetuadas análises estatísticas multivariáveis, utilizando modelos de regressão logística. Resultados – Um total de 578 alunos respondeu ao questionário, e 121 alunos foram identificados com sintomas auto reportados compatíveis com o diagnóstico de asma brônquica. Desses, 48,8% já tinham sido diagnosticados como asmáticos por um médico, e 76% deles tinham também rinite. Os fatores desencadeantes de sintomas asmáticos mais identificados pelos estudantes foram corizas, exposição a pólenes, pó de casa, fumo de tabaco e variações climáticas. Dos estudantes identificados com sintomas compatíveis com o diagnóstico de asma, 50,4% atenderam a chamada telefónica, e, desses, 62,3% tinham sintomas asmáticos não controlados no mês anterior. Dos fatores de risco potencialmente associados a um aumento de risco de asma brônquica, constatou-se que dois aumentavam significativamente o risco de desenvolver asma: hábitos de tabagismo regular (OR = 2,09, 95% IC 1,21 a 3,62) e história pessoal de dermatite/ eczema atópico (OR 2,65, 95% IC 1,55 a 4,54). Conclusões – O valor de prevalência de asma brônquica nos estudantes universitários da Universidade da Beira Interior é de 20,9%. Destes, apenas 48,8% possuíam um diagnóstico prévio efetuado por um médico. Dos estudantes diagnosticados que nos permitiram medir o seu nível de controlo da asma, 62,3% não tinham os seus sintomas asmáticos controlados, podendo este facto estar relacionado com um irregular acompanhamento médico. Hábitos regulares de tabagismo e história pessoal de dermatite/eczema atópico aumentam significativamente o risco de asma brônquica.
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Uwanaka, Veronica Chibumma. "Correlates of Asthma among the Minority Population in South Bronx,New York." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/97.
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Asthma among children has become an inherent problem in many communities in the United States, especially among the minority population. The South Bronx has a large minority population and a high prevalence of asthma. However, no study to date has explored the factors associated with this high prevalence rates in this population. Drawing from theories of social ecology and environmental health, the objective of this quantitative cross-sectional study is to investigate the correlates of asthma among children in the South Bronx by studying the sociodemographic and environmental risk factors, including parental occupation; neighborhood and housing characteristics, air quality, and poverty. Study participants included parents of 400 children, aged between 4 and 16 years residing in Districts 9 and 10 in the South Bronx. Descriptive, Chi-square statistics, and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between exposure constructs and asthma in children. Hypotheses 2 and 3 examined environmental conditions both inside and outside the homes of study participants and determined one factor, the structure of the home to be significantly associated with asthma, while absence of extractor fan when cooking, showed a strong association. This result suggests that only some of the factors indicating conditions inside the homes have a positive association to asthma. This suggests that asthma is not a combined action of both socioeconomic and environmental factors but a result of conditions in the homes. The implication here is that any intervention to asthma has to start in the homes since most children spend their time indoors. This includes creating awareness to risk factors to help develop community based intervention programs that will help reduce occurrence of asthma.
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Hallit, Souheil. "Wheezing phenotypes and risk factors in early life." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0073/document.
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Les phénotypes de l’asthme sont affectés par l’exposition à de multiples facteurs durant la grossesse. Pour évaluer cette hypothèse, deux études ont été menées : l’une en France, l’autre au Liban. Dans l'étude française, l'objectif était de décrire les phénotypes respiratoires de sifflement chez l’enfant entre l’âge de deux mois et d’un an, et d'évaluer les facteurs de risque associés à ces phénotypes de sifflement dans une grande cohorte de naissance. Dans l'étude libanaise, les objectifs étaient d'évaluer les associations entre l'utilisation de médicaments, d'alcool, de cigarettes et/ou de narguileh, et l'exposition aux pesticides/détergents pendant la grossesse avec l'asthme infantile au Liban et de valider la version arabe du test de contrôle de l'asthme (ACT) chez ces enfants et d’identifier les facteurs de risque qui pourraient affecter le contrôle de l'asthme.Méthodes: Nous avons étudié 18 041 nourrissons de la cohorte de naissance ELFE (Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance). Les parents ont signalé une respiration sifflante et des symptômes respiratoires à deux et 12 mois, et ont répondu à un questionnaire complet (exposition pendant la grossesse, allergie parentale). Le plan d'étude du projet libanais consistait en une étude cas-témoins, menée entre Décembre 2015 et Avril 2016, recrutant 1503 enfants, âgés de 3 à 17 ans. Le questionnaire administré évaluait les caractéristiques sociodémographiques (âge, sexe, niveau d'éducation des deux parents), les antécédents familiaux d'asthme et d'autres facteurs de risque connus de l'asthme (système de chauffage à domicile, antécédents d'otites récidivantes, humidité dans la maison, enfant allant à une garderie, fumer et boire de l'alcool pendant la grossesse, exposition aux pesticides et aux détergents).Résultats: Les enfants sans symptômes (témoins) représentaient 77,2%, 2,1% avaient une respiration sifflante à deux mois mais pas de respiration sifflante à un an (sifflement intermittent), 2,4% avaient une respiration sifflante persistante et 18,3% avaient une respiration sifflante à un an. En comparant les sifflements persistants aux contrôles, on a observé qu’avoir un frère ou une sœur (ORa = 2,19) ou deux frères et sœurs (ORa = 2,23) contre aucun, une toux nocturne (OR = 5,2), une détresse respiratoire (OR = 4,1) et un excès de sécrétions bronchiques (OR = 3,47 ) à deux mois, un reflux chez l'enfant à 2 mois (OR = 1,55), des antécédents d'asthme maternel (OR = 1,46) et le tabagisme maternel pendant la grossesse (OR = 1,57) étaient significativement associés à une respiration sifflante persistante. Ces mêmes facteurs, avec en sus une éruption cutanée chez l'enfant à 2 mois (OR = 1,13) et des antécédents paternels d'asthme (OR = 1,32) étaient significativement associés à une augmentation de la probabilité d'une respiration sifflante. Avoir un frère (ORa = 1,9) en comparaison à ne pas en avoir, une toux nocturne à 2 mois (OR = 1,76) et un excès de sécrétions bronchiques à 2 mois (OR = 1,65) étaient significativement associés à une respiration sifflante persistante par rapport à une respiration sifflante intermittenteAsthma in childhood seems affected by exposure to various factors in early life. To assess this hypothesis, we conducted 2 studies: one in France, and the other in Lebanon. In the French study, we aimed at describing wheezing phenotypes between the ages of two months and one year, and assess risk factors associated with these wheezing phenotypes in a large birth cohort. In the Lebanese study, the aims were to evaluate the associations between caregiver-reported use of medications, alcohol, cigarette and/or waterpipe (WP), and exposure to pesticides/detergents during pregnancy with childhood-onset asthma in Lebanon and to validate the Arabic version of the Asthma Control Test (ACT) among these children and identify risk factors that might affect asthma control.Methods: We studied 18,041 infants from the ELFE (French Longitudinal Study of Children) birth cohort. Parents reported wheezing and respiratory symptoms at two and 12 months, and answered a complete questionnaire (exposure during pregnancy, parental allergy).The study design of the Lebanese project consisted of a case-control study, conducted between December 2015 and April 2016, recruited 1503 children, aged between 3-16 years old. A questionnaire assessed the sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, education level of both parents), the family history of asthma, and other known risk factors of asthma (heating system at home, child history of recurrent otitis, humidity in the house, child went to a daycare, smoking and drinking alcohol during pregnancy, exposure to pesticides and detergents).Results: Children with no symptoms (controls) accounted for 77.2%, 2.1% had had wheezing at two months but no wheezing at one year (intermittent wheezing), 2.4% had persistent wheezing, while 18.3% had incident wheezing at one year. Comparing persistent wheezing to controls showed that having one sibling (ORa=2.19) or 2 siblings (ORa=2.23) compared to none, nocturnal cough (OR=5.2), respiratory distress (OR=4.1) and excess bronchial secretions (OR=3.47) at two months, reflux in the child at 2 months (OR=1.55), maternal history of asthma (OR=1.46) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR=1.57) were significantly associated with persistent wheezing. These same factors, along with cutaneous rash in the child at 2 months (OR=1.13) and paternal history of asthma (OR=1.32) were significantly associated with increased odds of incident wheezing. Having one sibling (ORa=1.9) compared to none, nocturnal cough at 2 months (OR=1.76) and excess bronchial secretions at 2 months (OR=1.65) were significantly associated with persistent compared to intermittent wheezing.In the Lebanese study, the multivariate analysis showed that children living in North and South Lebanon and the children living in areas where pesticides are frequently used had an increased risk of asthma (ORa=1.625; ORa=13.65; ORa=3.307) respectively. Smoking WP during pregnancy and cigarette during lactation would increase the risk of asthma in children (ORa=6.11; ORa=3.44 respectively). A high Cronbach’s alpha was found for the full scale (0.959). As for the asthma control scale (ACT), the correlation factors between each item of the ACT scale and the whole scale ranged between 0.710 and 0.775 (p<0.001 for all items). Mother’s low educational level as well as the history of asthma in the mother and the father would significantly increase the risk of uncontrolled asthma (Beta= 1.862; Beta= 3.534; and Beta= 1.885 respectively). Cigarette smoking during breastfeeding and waterpipe smoking by the mother during pregnancy were both significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma (Beta= 2.105; Beta=2.325 respectively). Mother’s high educational level was significantly associated with more asthma control (Beta= -0.715)
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Mai, Xiao-Mei. "Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and body weight in children /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med806s.pdf.
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Colvin, Renyea. "Investigating Potential Risk Factors of Childhood Asthma Re-Hospitalizations in DeKalb County, Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/34.
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Asthma is a leading cause of hospitalizations among children in the United States. It accounts for millions of dollars in hospital charges at the national, state, and county levels. The prevention of these hospitalizations is an important public health issue given the financial costs of hospitalizations in an already overburdened healthcare system. This study addresses sociodemographic factors associated with hospitalizations for childhood asthma among children who reside in DeKalb County, Georgia. Results highlight the unequal burden of asthma in the southern portion of the county. Additional analysis suggests that changes to existing institution-level surveillance systems can be made to improve upon the quality of data available to researchers. This research calls for a state-wide asthma surveillance system that routinely collects information on the most common indicators of disease burden, thereby improving the ability of public health professionals to accurately determine and manage the needs of children with asthma.
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Geyser, Maria Magdalena. "Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria." Diss., Access to E-Thesis, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-110157/.
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Barrie, Alphajor Umaru. "Risk Factors that Predict Asthma Among Adult, foreign-born African Americans in California." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6167.
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The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine possible risk factors that predict asthma among adult, foreign-born African Americans in California. A total of 794 foreign-born African Americans (87 asthma cases) were included from the 2017-2018 California Health Interview Survey database. Data analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistical methods including chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression techniques. The socioeclogical model was used to help understand and interpret the findings. The dependent variable was asthma status and the independent variables were the risk factors (tobacco smoking, alcohol use, health insurance, income level, and education level). Confounders included in the analysis were age, gender, and marital status. Findings yielded no statistically significant relationship between asthma status and tobacco smoking (p = 0.19, x2 = 1.74, OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.27-1.30), alcohol use (p = 0.92, x2 = 0.01, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.61-1.58), health insurance (p = 0.63, x2 = 0.23, OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.44-1.65), income level (p = 0.99, x2 = 0.00, OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.44-2.24), or education level (p = 0.47, x2 = 0.52, OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.49-4.59). Although this study did not find significant associations between asthma and study variables, study limitations, mainly the small sample size, may have prevented the detection of small associations. Future research should involve a larger sample size to investigate whether the findings reported remain true. This study is a step in the exploration of the problem and has the potential to promote positive social change by increasing asthma awareness among foreign-born African Americans in California and among public health policy makers.
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Livingston, Eric. "Effect of environmental factors (smoking and allergen exposure) on corticosteroid resistance in asthma." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433613.
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Sporik, Richard Bernard. "The natural history of allergic diseases in children : a prospective clinical, immunological and environmental study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295805.
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Remen, Thomas. "ABCD : Etude de l'incidence précoce de l'asthme professionnel chez de jeunes travailleurs exerçant dans des professions à risque et investigations de ses facteurs de risque." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10117/document.
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Contexte - Concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'asthme professionnel (AP), les évidences s'accumulent sur le fait que le processus inflammatoire menant à l'asthme clinique se développe tôt dans le cursus des travailleurs. L'étude ABCD - Asthme en Boulangerie et Coiffure Débutant - poursuit deux objectifs : 1) décrire l'évolution temporelle de l'incidence de l'AP au cours des premières années d'exposition de boulangers/pâtissiers (BP) et coiffeurs - secteurs reconnus à risque d'AP - et 2) identifier les facteurs de risque personnels, professionnels et nutritionnels influençant cette incidence. Méthode - L'étude ABCD repose sur deux facettes intriquées : (i) une cohorte longitudinale rétrospective d'anciens apprentis d'ancienneté croissante permettant l'estimation de l'incidence précoce de l'AP, et (ii) une étude de type cas-témoin nichée dans la cohorte explorant certains facteurs de risque de l'AP. Résultats - 866 sujets participèrent à l'étude qui mit en évidence une incidence cumulée de l'AP élevée lors des 4 premières années d'exposition chez les BP, et dans un moindre degré chez les coiffeurs. Le risque d'AP dépend du statut atopique chez les BP ; il est positivement associé, chez les coiffeurs, à l'intensité de l'exposition et, dans une moindre mesure, à l'indice de masse corporelle et à certains facteurs nutritionnels. Conclusions - Cette étude a permis de produire des données originales sur l'incidence précoce de l'asthme professionnel. Ces données constituent un support pour le développement de campagnes de prévention, notamment pour la détection précoce de la maladie dès les premières années d'expositionContext - Regarding the natural history of occupational asthma (OA), there is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process leading to clinical asthma appears early after inception of exposure. The ABCD study (French acronym for early asthma in bakery and hairdressing) aims to answer two objectives: 1) describe the temporal evolution of the OA incidence in the early years of exposure of bakers/pastry-makers (BP) and hairdressers - occupations known at risk of OA - and 2) identify personal, occupational and nutritional risk factors. Method - The ABCD study has two intertwined facets: (i) a retrospective longitudinal cohort of past apprentices of increasing seniority allowing to estimate the early incidence of OA, and (ii) a nested case-control study allowing to explore some risk factors of OA. Results - 866 subjects participated to the study. The ABCD study shows a high cumulative incidence of OA during the first 4 years of exposure among BP, and in a lesser extent, among hairdressers. While the OA risk depends on atopic status for BP, it is positively associated, for hairdressers, with exposure intensity and, to a lesser extent, to body mass index and with a variety of nutritioal factors. Conclusions - This study produced original data on early incidence of OA. These data may provide support for the development of preventive action, in particular for the detection of OA in the early years of exposure