Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Facteur g des excitons'
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Wang, Shuli. "Étude des propriétés électroniques des perovskites bidimensionnelles à halogénure métallique par spectroscopie magnéto-optique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAT0004.
Full textAbstract: In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite materials have attracted considerable attention duo to their unique and excellent electronic and optical properties, which make them an extremely promising semiconductor for light-emitting and display applications. Furthermore, the nonmagnetic perovskite can be semi magnetic semiconductor by incorporating magnetic impurities into lattices of the host perovskite to introduce magnetic properties. The coexistence of both excellent optoelectronic and magnetic properties, makes semi magnetic 2D perovskite to be a considerably promising material for opto-spintronic semiconductor devices for information processing and communications.In this thesis, we explore the electronic and optical properties of 2D perovskites via magneto-optical spectroscopy. We start from performing magneto-photoluminescence (PL) and magneto-transmission measurements on CsPbBr3-based nanoplatelets with a different thickness of the lead-halide slab, ranging from 2 to 4 layers of lead-halide octahedral plane. By applying in-plane magnetic fields up to 65 T, the optically inactive dark excitonic state is brightened. This approach allows us to directly observe an improvement of the PL emission on the low-energy side of the PL spectrum, which indicates that the optically inactive dark excitonic state is the lowest-lying state in these nanoplatelets. Additionally, combining our magneto-PL and magneto-transmission results with theoretical predictions of the exciton fine structure splitting, we accurately determine the energy splitting between the dark and bright excitons. We demonstrate that indeed the dark-bright exciton splitting increases with decreasing layers of lead-halide octahedral plane. We also demonstrate that the efficient emission from these nanoplateltes is due to a phonon bottleneck effect, which significantly reduces the relaxation of the photo excited excitons to the optically inactive dark state.Finally, we investigate the electronic properties of Mn-doped 2D (PEA)2PbI4 perovskite via magneto-transmission spectroscopy for various Mn molar fractions. We find that the exciton Lande g-factor can be controlled by the incorporated Mn concentration. With increasing Mn concentration x from 0 to 2%, the g-factor increases, which we attribute to the sp-d exchange interaction between band-edge excitons and spins hosted in Mn ions. If the Mn concentration is increased further, up to 5%, the exciton g-factor decreases. This anomalous counter-trend is attributed to the Mn-Mn interactions, which result in an effective anti-ferromagnetic coupling
Godoy, Marcio Peron Franco de. "Propriedades de pontos quânticos de InP/GaAs." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277715.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos as propriedade estruturais e ópticas de pontos quânticos auto-organizados de InP crescidos sobre o substrato de GaAs. Esta estrutura apresenta o alinhamento de bandas tipo-II na interface, confinando o elétron no ponto quântico, enquanto o buraco mantém-se na barreira, próximo à interface devido à interação coulombiana atrativa. As amostras foram crescidas por epitaxia de feixe químico (CBE) no modo Stranskii-Krastanov. Os pontos quânticos apresentam raio médio de 25 nm e grande dispersão de altura (1-5 nm) e ocorre a relaxação parcial do parâmetro de rede, chegando a 2 %, em pontos quânticos superficiais. Do ponto de vista de propriedades ópticas, a fotoluminescência de pontos quânticos superficiais exibe uma eficiente emissão óptica, devido a baixa velocidade de recombinação dos estados superficiais do InP, e reflete a densidade e distribuição bimodal de tamanhos. Além disso, sua emissão óptica em função da intensidade de excitação exibe comportamento diverso em comparação com pontos quânticos cobertos com uma camada de GaAs. Em pontos quânticos cobertos, determinamos a energia de ativação térmica, que varia de 6 a 8 meV, e é associada à energia de ligação do éxciton ou energia de ionização do buraco. O decaimento temporal da luminescência de pontos quânticos é de 1,2 ns, um tempo relativamente curto para um ponto quântico tipo-II. A análise das propriedades magneto-ópticas em pontos quânticos individuais, inédita em QDs tipo-II, permitiu verificar que o fator-g do éxciton é praticamente constante, independentemente do tamanho dos QDs, devido ao fato dos buracos estarem levemente ligados. Por fim, mostramos a versatilidade do sistema acoplando-o a um poço quântico de InGaAs. Este acoplamento introduz mudanças na superposição das funções de onda do par elétron-buraco que permitem a manipulação do tempo de decaimento da luminescência e da energia de ligação excitônica
Abstract: We have investigated structural and optical properties of InP self-assembled quantum dots grown on GaAs substrate. This system presents a type-II band lineup where only electrons are confined in the InP quantum dots. The InP/GaAs quantum dots were grown by chemical beam epitaxy in the Stranskii-Krastanov mode. Our quantum dots present a mean radius of 25 nm and large height dispersion, 1-5 nm, and a partial relieve of the strain up to 2 % is observed. The photoluminescence spectra of surface quantum dots show an efficient optical emission, which is attributed to the low surface recombination velocity in InP. We observed a bimodal dispersion of the dots size distribution, giving rise to two distinct emission bands. A remarkable result is the relatively large blue shift of the emission band from uncapped samples as compared to those for capped dots. In capped quantum dots, we obtained the thermal activation energy, from 6 to 8 meV, which is associated to the exciton binding energy or hole ionization energy. The observed luminescence decay time is about 1.2 ns, relatively short decay time for type II system. We investigated magneto-optical properties using single-dot spectroscopy. The values of the exciton g factor obtained for a large number of single InP/GaAs dots are mainly constant independent of the emission energy and, therefore, of the quantum dot size. The result is attributed to the weak confinement of the holes in InP/GaAs QDs. We have also investigated structures where InP quantum dots are coupled to a InGaAs quantum well. This system permits the manipulation of the wave function overlap between electron-hole in order to control the optical emission decay time and exciton binding energy
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
Raskin, Maxim. "Ultraschnelle Ladungsträger- und Spindynamik in II-VI und III-V Halbleitern mit weiter Bandlücke." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-125227.
Full textBouvet, Samuel. "Lipides et trafic : rôles de GBF1, facteur d’échange de la petite protéine G Arf1." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112172/document.
Full textThe eukaryotic cell physically separates its functions within several membrane-bound organelles, which communicate using vesicles. Vesicular trafficking is under the control of small GTPases that exist as an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form. The switch between GDP and GTP is catalyzed by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). On cis-Golgi membranes, Arf1, activated by the large GEF GBF1, recruits the COPI coat. COPI coated vesicles ensure the retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER. Recently, GBF1 has been implicated in other pathways, such as the life cycle of various viruses and lipid droplet metabolism.Lipid droplets (LD), the major lipid storage organelle, play a major role in lipid homeostasis within the cell. LDs are connected to membrane trafficking and are therefore under the control of GTPases. In previous studies, our team showed that GBF1 localizes around LDs and that it is required for protein loading onto the LD surface. Here, data support the idea that GBF1 localizes to the LD surface. Using cell biology tools and microscopy, we identified, within GBF1, a lipid binding domain. In this domain, a single amphipathic helix is necessary and sufficient for LD targeting in cells. The regulation of GBF1 localization relies on interaction with Rab1 (data support a Rab1-Arf1 cascade between the ER and the Golgi) and on intramolecular interactions between GBF1 domains
Paleotti, Olivia. "Rôle de la petite protéine G Arf6 et de son facteur d'échange Efa6 dans l'endocytose dépendante de la clathrine." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4027.
Full textArfs small G proteins are implicate in vesicular transport and actin reorganisation. They exist in two forms: an inactive form, bound to the GDP and an active form, bound to the GTP. Exchange factors activate Arfs and GAPs (GTPase Activating Protein) inactivate them. We worked on Arf6 and on its exchange factor Efa6 in cellular functions. During my PhD, I studied Arf6 in clathrin-dependant endocytosis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are desensibilized by β-arrestins that link GPCRs to the endocytic machinery. We showed that Arf6 and Efa6 could both interact with β-arrestins. Moreover, Arf1 recruits the adaptator proteins (AP-1, 3 and 4) at the golgi membrane to form endocytic vesicles. We showed that Arf6 could recruit AP-2 complex at the plasma membrane in a GTP-dependent manner
BERAUD, DUFOUR SOPHIE. "Mecanisme d'activation de la protein g, arf1 : role coordonne des membranes lipidiques et du facteur d'echange, arno." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5305.
Full textJguirim, Naira. "Micro-fabrication additive des filtres à fort facteur de qualité pour des applications en bande W/G." Thesis, Limoges, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LIMO0031.
Full textAs part of this work, millimeter band-pass filters were developed to meet the given specifications in W and G bands. We used additive micro-fabrication technology which allowed us to fabricate filters based on metallic cavities with an air-filled 3D architecture and a strong quality factor
Karlin, Lionel Azoulay Elie. "Détérioration respiratoire en sortie d'aplasie sous facteur de croissance hématopoïétique (G-CSF) à propos de 20 cas /." Créteil : Université Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses//th0222006.pdf.
Full textYatime, Laure. "Rôle du facteur d'initiation e/aIF2 dans le démarrage de la traduction chez les Eucaryotes et chez les archées." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001539.
Full textGonzalez, Hernandez Felix Guillermo. "Tempos de relaxação e decoerência em ensembles de pontos quânticos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277852.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Medidas experimentais foram realizadas para determinar as escalas de tempo de relaxação e decoerência do spin eletrônico como bit quântico. A estrutura dos estados de exciton foi investigada com o objetivo de servir como estados intermediários na manipulação do spin. O sistema utilizado para o estudo de decoerência é um ensemble de pontos quânticos auto-formados semicondutores. Dois temas servem como eixos centrais dos três experimentos desenvolvidos nesta tese: a polarização de spin e o fator g de Landé. No primeiro experimento, ao incluir o efeito do reservatório térmico, foi obtido o grau de polarização do spin (populações dos níveis up e down) para as camadas s e p. O desdobramento dos níveis orbitais em subníveis de spin permitiu obter a magnitude do fator g para estes estados. Mudando a orientação do campo magnético, foram observadas as anisotropias do tensor g e a sua relação com os detalhes do potencial de confinamento. Estas características permitiram inferir o tempo de relaxação T1. A medida da polarização resolvida no tempo foi realizada através de es-pectroscopia óptica de bombeio-prova. Os pulsos de luz e o campo magnético transverso permitem que uma polarização líquida seja inicializada. A rotação de Kerr permitiu observar oscilações desta polarização em torno do campo magnético com freqüência determinada pelo fator g. A perda da coerência de fase do spin resulta no decaimento destas oscilações numa escala de tempo T2. Medidas realizadas num ensemble de spins implicam em que o tempo de decoerência encontra-se limitado pela escala de defasagem T¤2< T2. Uma técnica semelhante à refocalização por spin-eco em experimentos de ressonância magnética nuclear, foi aplicada utilizando pulsos de laser para reverter a defasagem do ensemble. Tanto a possibilidade de medir o sinal de eco como o tempo de decoerência foram medidos como função da temperatura. A estrutura de níveis de exciton e a sua distribuição no ensemble foi estudada também com espectroscopia de bombeio-prova. Foram observados batimentos quânticos entre os níveis de estrutura fina do exciton para sis-temas 0D e 2D limitados pelo tempo de recombinação
Abstract: Experimental measurements were carried out to determine the scales of the relaxation and decoherence time for the electronic spin as quantum bit. The structure of the exciton states was investigated with the objective to serve as intermediate states in the spin manipulation. The system studied for the implementation of the quantum computation is an ensemble of self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots. Two subjects serve as central axes of the three experiments developed in this thesis: the spin polarization and the Landé g-factor. In the first experiment, when including the effect of the thermal reservoir, the degree of spin polarization (populations for the up and down levels) was measured for layers s and p. The splitting of the orbital levels in spin sublevels allowed to get the magnitude of factor g for these states. Changing the orientation of the magnetic field, the g-tensor anisotropies and its relation with the details of the confinement potential had been observed. These characteristics had allowed to infer the relaxation time T1. The time resolved polarization measurement was carried out by optical pump-probe spectroscopy. The pulses of light and the transverse magnetic field allow the initialization of a net polarization. The Kerr rotation allowed to observe oscillations of this polarization around the magnetic field with frequency determined for factor g. The loss of the spin phase coherence results in the decay of these oscillations in a time scale T2. Measurements carried out in an ensemble of spins imply that the decoherence time is limited by the ensemble dephasing time T¤2 < T2. A technique similar to the spin-echo refocalization in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments using laser pulses was applied to reverse the ensemble dephasing. The possibility to measure the echo signal and the decoherence time was measured as a function of the temperature. The structure of exciton levels and its distribution in ensemble were also studied with pump-probe spectroscopy. Quantum beats were observed be-tween the fine structure exciton levels for 0D and 2D systems, yet limited by the recombination time
Doutorado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Doutor em Ciências
Rousseau, Carole. "Vectorisation du G-CSF à l'aide de nanoparticules de polyalkycyanoacrylates." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P201.
Full textAzoulay, Elie. "Approche expérimentale des circonstances de toxicité pulmonaire aigue͏̈ ou chronique du Granulocyte-Colony-Stimulating-Factor (G-CSF)." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120005.
Full textBerchet, Véronique. "L'adaptation des protéines aux basses températures chez une bactérie psychrotolérante : facteur d'élongation G et protéines d'acclimatation au froid." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10073.
Full textRouhana, Jad. "Etude et modulation des interactions protéine-protéine : l’activation de la petite protéine G Arf1 par son facteur d’échange Arno." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13507/document.
Full textArf1 is a small GTPases, essentially involved in the vesicular traffic. Arf1 switch between two conformations, an active form bound to GTP and an inactive form bound to GDP. Arno is one of the exchange factors (GEF) that can activate Arf1, through its catalytic Sec7 domain, promoting the exchange of GDP by GTP. Activated in breast cancer cells, Arf1 plays an important role in the migration and proliferation of cancer cells.The aim of my thesis was the study and the modulation of the interaction between small G proteins and their GEFs, more precisely the Arf1-Arno interaction. My work has been planned around two axes: (1) the study of the interaction between Arf1 and Arno, and its modulation with a known inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA). (2) The development of a rational strategy for designing inhibitors of protein-protein interaction for the Arf1-Arno complex.In the first part of my PhD work, we set up a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) method allowing to determine the kinetic parameters of the interaction between Arf1 and Arno. We also studied the effects of allosteric partners such as GDP, GTP and Mg2+ as well as the known uncompetitive inhibitor (Brefeldin A). This SPR approach allowed a very informative analysis at qualitative and quantitative levels of the various complexes taking place during the exchange reaction that should help to solve the inhibitory mechanism for the known inhibitors reported in the literature. In the second part of my thesis, we propose a strategy for targeting the interaction between Arf1and Arno. This approach is based on virtual screening of fragments at hotspot regions. Using biophysical techniques such fluorescence techniques, SPR, NMR and X-Ray crystallography, we identified and validated Hits, showing by crystallographic structural data their modes of interaction with the target protein Arno. A fluorescence polarization test was also developed to identify false positive fragments to eliminate promiscuous aggregators. Taken together, our work proposes a method based on SPR allowing the study of known inhibitors of GEFs, understanding at molecular level their mode of action. We also propose a general strategy for finding Hit fragments that designing competitive inhibitor of the interaction small G protein with its GEFs, that can be the scaffold for designing more powerful inhibitors
Penchenat, Dominique. "Agranulocytose médicamenteuse traitée par G-CSF : à propos d'un cas, revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M159.
Full textVIGNAIS, MARIE-LUCE. "Interaction du facteur tuf avec les sequences : activatrices amont de type uas#r#p#g de la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077125.
Full textRios, Maria. "Intensification chimiotherapique avec facteurs de croissance hematopoietiques dans les sarcomes de tissus mous de l'adulte de stade avance : a propos d'un essai multicentrique m.a.i.d. g-csf." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN11221.
Full textFruchet, Estelle. "L'utilisation du G-CSF dans les neutropénies chimio-induites des cancers broncho-pulmonaires." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P269.
Full textLaalami, Soumaya. "Le facteur de démarrage IF2 de "Escherichia coli" : étude des domaines fonctionnels de la protéine." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P625.
Full textAkram, Kasmi. "Mise au point d'une technique immuno-enzymatique (ELISA) appliquée au titrage des facteurs rhumatoïdes : Ig. M, Ig. G, et Ig. A." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1W234.
Full textBoulakirba, Sonia. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent l’interaction entre EFA6 et ses partenaires." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4081/document.
Full textThe small G protein Arf6 and its exchange factor EFA6 control numerous cellular processes such as actin cytoskeleton remodeling, vesicular transport and apico-basal cell polarity. They are also involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In this work we identify different mechanisms by which EFA6 interaction with its various partners is regulated. We have highlighted a direct interaction between the N-BAR domain of endophilin and the Sec7 domain of EFA6. We demonstrated that this interaction is regulated by the membrane curvature. EFA6 interacts and recruits endophilin on a flat lipid membrane whereas the protein complex does not occur in the presence of curved vesicules. We showed that endophilin stimulates the nucleotidic exchange activity of EFA6 on Arf6. Next we demonstrated that the catalytic activity of EFA6 is regulated by a negative feedback loop specifically mediated by the Arf6-GTP. We observed in the presence of Arf6-GTP a decrease of EFA6 catalytic activity and we showed that this effect was due to an interaction between Arf6-GTP and PH-C-terminal domain of EFA6. Finally we demonstrated an intramolecular folding between the C-terminal domain and the PH domain of EFA6 that controls the interaction of the C-terminus domain with various partners including β-arrestin and surprisingly the inactive GDP form of Arf6
Gibaud, Stéphane. "Etude du ciblage des organes hematopoietiques a l'aide de nanoparticules : application a la doxorubicine et au g-csf (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) vectorises a l'aide de nanoparticules de polyalkylcyanoacrylates." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA114823.
Full textLibert, Olivier. "Etude économique des autogreffes de moe͏̈lle osseuse en oncohématologie chez des patients inclus dans un protocole G-CSF." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P144.
Full textBarale, Sophie. "Rôle de la protéine G Cdc42p et de son facteur d'échange Cdc24p dans la fusion cellulaire, au cours de la reproduction sexuée de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4058.
Full textPolarized growth is a fundamental process in eukaryotic cells, which requires proteins conserved between yeast and mammals such as Rho GTPases and their regulators. Cdc42 plays a central role in controlling the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. In the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cdc42p is activated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Cdc24p. Cdc42p and Cdc24p are required for oriented growth during yeast mating. The goal of this study is to identify additional functions of Cdc24p and to understand how Cdc24p controls Cdc42p activation during this process. We identified and characterized two mating specific cdc24 and cdc42 mutants, cdc24-m6 and cdc42[V36M]. These mutants respond normally to pheromone and orient their growth towards a mating partner, yet are defective in cell fusion and accumulate prezygotes. Cdc24-m6 and cdc42[V36M] cells do not correctly localize a protein required for cell fusion, to the cell contact region, despite normal exocytosis. This function of Cdc42p in cell fusion does not require the MAPK cascade, and furthermore Cdc42[V36M]p is able to bind CRIB domain containing effectors. Overexpression of Cdc24p in cdc42[V36M] cells, and overexpression of fast cycling Cdc42[C18A]p in cdc24-m6 cells, partially suppressed their fusion defects. Together, our results show that Cdc42p GDP/GTP cycling is necessary for cell fusion, perhaps in activating or localizing the fusion machinery at the site of cell contact. We have identified a new function of the Cdc42p GTPase module in polarization of the fusion machinery during yeast mating and we suggest that Cdc42p cycling might be regulated during cell fusion
Dahri, Latifa. "Épuration plasmatique des anticorps dirigés contre le facteur VIII de la coagulation (anti FVIII) sur des résines de polystyrène fonctionnalisé." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10440.
Full textZidi, Inès. "Implication de NF-Kappa B dans la signalisation induite par la molécule HLA-G et dans la régulation de son expression." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077047.
Full textHLA-G is a non classical HLA class I molecule involved in immunotolerance. It contributes to the evasion of tumors from immunosurveillance. We investigated in the fïrst part of this work, the role of NF-kappa B in modulating HLA-G expression in HLA-G positive tumor cell lines. The treatment of tunior cells with TNF-alpha or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, decreased HLA-G1 expression and increased in the same time the level of intracytoplasmic HLA-G proteins. The reduction of HLA-G cell surface expression which is dependant from NF-kappa B involves métalloproteases activity. Soluble HLA-G 1 produced reduces significatively the cytotoxicity of NK cells. This regulation of HLA-G expression may have a relevance in tumor escape. In a second part of this work, we demonstrated that HLA-G 1 activates the classical NF-kappa B pathway in NK cells. This activation occurs through the alphal domain of HLA-G molecule and may involve KIR2DL4 receptor. Activated NF-kappa B is functionnal because it induces the expression of an NF-kappa B target gene : Ikappa B-alpha. All these results suggest an additional role of HLA-G in innate immunity
Massart, Renaud. "Le GPR88, un membre de la famille des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G, est un modulateur de la neurotransmission et un facteur épigénétique." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066338.
Full textKlein-Mohsen, Stéphanie. "Rôle de la petite protéine G ARF6 et de son facteur d'échange dans la mise en place et le maintien des jonctions serrées." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4030.
Full textPolarity is a fundamental characteristic of epithelial and neuronal cells and is critical for various biological functions. In differentiated cells, like epithelial cells, plasma membranes are functionally divided into apical, lateral and basal membrane domains which differ in the compositions of integral membrane proteins and lipids. Tight junctions look like a fence in the most apical part of the lateral membrane and are probably the morphological counterpart of a localized diffusion barrier. Moreover, they seal the intercellular space between adjacent cells to prevent the diffusion of solutes through this intercellular space. The transmembrane proteins constituting these tight junctions are linked to components of the cytoskeleton and establish maintenance of adhesion between neighboring cells. In addition, a growing number of cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins associated with these junctions are involved in regulating diverse processes such as transcription, cell proliferation and cell polarity. ARF6 (ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6), a member of the ARF family of Ras-related small G proteins, regulates endocytosis between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments in non-polarized cells and initiates cortical actin rearrangements at the cell periphery. ARF6 cycles between two conformational states: an inactive GDP- and an active GTP-bound state. The GDP/GTP exchange is controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins (GEF) and the hydrolysis of GTP controlled by GTPase activating proteins (GAP). In this work, we established that the exchange factor for ARF6 stimulates the polarized rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton during the establishment of tight junction and cell polarity. This regulation requires the coordinated action of the catalytic domain of the exchange factor to promote ARF6 activation and its C-terminal region to control actin cytoskeletal reorganization. My goal was to better understand ARF6 contribution in this function. Indeed, ARF6 is involved in plasma membrane/endosomes trafficking and cortical actin reorganization: so what are the contributions of these two functions in tight junction formation? Structural and biochemical studies of ARF6 led me to construct ARF6 mutants stably expressed in epithelial cells under the control of a tetracycline-repressible transactivator. I also established an inducible cell line with a ARF6 siRNA to reduce ARF6 expression. I studied biochemical properties of these mutants and observed their effects on cell morphology, intracellular trafficking of membrane receptors and in formation of tight junction. Results show that ARF6 GDP-GTP cycle is important for ARF6 function in recycling of proteins internalized in a clathrin-independent pathway and in formation of tight junction. However, ARF6 is necessary but not sufficient: actin reorganization and tight junction formation require the coordinated action of the C-terminal domain of the exchange factor of ARF6 and ARF6 cycling
Zeeh, Jean-Christophe. "Caractérisation biochimique et structurale d'inhibiteurs des facteurs d'échange des petites protéines G arf et Rho." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112206.
Full textSmall GTPases and exchange factors are potential therapeutic targets in many diseases. Their inhibition is a challenge because of the biochemical and structural complexity of the exchange reaction. It is therefore critical to identify “Achilles’ heel” that will help the discovery of new inhibitors. An important step is to characterize the inhibition mechanism and the specifity of known inhibitors. To date, six inhibitors of GEFs are known. In this work, I focused on the biochemical and structural characterization of four of them : BFA, LM11, SecinH3 and Tripa. In the first part of the work, I used Arf and Sec7 mutants and a BFA analogue to demonstrate the dual specificity of BFA for its GTPases and GEF targets. This specificity depends on a single Sec7 residue and may involve dynamics features of Arf. I was then involved in the characterization of LM11, an ArfGEF inhibitor discovered by in silico screening. I showed that LM11 inhibits Arf activation in cells and identified two residues in the Sec7 domain and one in Arf that are important for its activity. By using Arf and Sec7 constructs established for the BFA and LM11 studies. I went on to characterize the inhibition mechanism and specificity of SecinH3, an inhibitor of the cytohesin family of ArfGEFs discovery in 2007. Remarkably, we find that these three inhibitors act according to different mechanisms, and have different pattern of specificity for their Arf and ArfGEF targets. I finally studies the inhibition by an peptidic inhibitor of the activation of RhoA by an oncogenic RhoGEF called Tgat. These studies, altogether, suggest that GTPases and GEFs are suitable targets for inhibition, and that it should be possible to discovery inhibitors that target specific small GTPase/GEF pairs involved in diseases
Luton, Frédéric. "Régulation de la polarité épithéliale par EFA6, facteur d'échange d'Arf6, et le système ubiquitine-protéasome." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00317619.
Full textLes cellules de la réponse immune cellulaire, les lymphocytes T, reconnaissent leur antigène spécifique à l'aide d'un récepteur multi-protéique, le complexe TCR/CD3. Le contrôle de son expression de surface est essentiel car le nombre de récepteurs stimulés par l'antigène et la durée de cette interaction déterminent la réponse fonctionnelle. Au cours de ma thèse au Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, j'ai participé à l'étude des mécanismes qui contrôlent l'expression de surface du récepteur et son internalisation suite à l'interaction avec l'antigène. Ces travaux ont permis 1) de corroborer que l'expression de surface du complexe TCR/CD3 est dépendante de l'assemblage complet de toutes les sous-unités qui le composent, 2) et surtout d'aborder le lien entre voies de signalisation associées au complexe TCR/CD3 et son internalisation stimulées par la liaison d'un ligand spécifique.
Le récepteur aux poly-immunoglobulines (pIgR) exprimé à la surface des cellules épithéliales qui tapissent la cavité interne de nos organes transcytose les anticorps sécrétés dans le milieu basal vers le lumen. Ainsi, ce récepteur approvisionne-t-il continuellement les sécrétions mucosales en anticorps (pIgA et pIgM). La forte augmentation de la quantité d'anticorps produits en réponse à une infection nécessite un transport accru de ces anticorps vers les surfaces mucosales à protéger. Pendant mon stage post-doctoral à UCSF (University of California, San Francisco) j'ai contribué 1) à montrer que la liaison des pIgA au pIgR stimulait une voie de signalisation, 2) à décrire au niveau moléculaire le fonctionnement de cette voie de signalisation, 3) à montrer in vivo que cette voie de signalisation stimule fortement la transcytose des pIgAs.
Les épithéliums représentent une barrière à la pénétration d'agents pathogènes mais également une surface d'échange avec le milieu extérieur. Pour accomplir leurs fonctions les cellules épithéliales maintiennent un phénotype polarisé avec un coté orienté vers les tissus sous-jacents (pôle basal) et un autre tourné vers le milieu extérieur (pôle apical). Ces cellules doivent établir entre elles des contacts physiques pour maintenir la cohésion de l'ensemble du tissu qu'elles constituent. Les contacts cellulaires sont assurés par des molécules d'adhésion (E-cadhérine) qui se comportent comme des récepteurs couplés à des voies de signalisation transduisant notamment des signaux qui participent au maintien de la polarité épithéliale. Depuis mon arrivée à l'IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), j'ai mis au jour une nouvelle voie de signalisation associée aux molécules de E-cadhérine qui comprend un facteur d'échange (EFA6) et son substrat la petite protéine G Arf6. Cette voie de régulation contrôle notamment la mise en place de la structure moléculaire, appelée jonction étroite, qui régule les échanges paracellulaires de l'épithélium et contribue à la polarité épithéliale. EFA6, connecté à deux voies de signalisation qui agissent de façon coordonnée, participe à l'organisation du cytosquelette d'actine qui soutient la jonction étroite. Par ailleurs, nous avons trouvé que le niveau d'expression d'EFA6 est étroitement régulé pendant le développement de la polarité. Cette régulation post-traductionnelle est assurée par la machinerie de dégradation cytosolique appelée système ubiquitine-protéasome. Nous avons identifié certains acteurs de cette voie de régulation et commencé de montrer son importance pour le développement et le maintien de la polarité épithéliale. Les résultats les plus récents pointent vers un rôle de ces protéines dans les cancers épithéliaux qui se caractérisent toujours par une perte de la polarité cellulaire.
Sissoëff, Ludmilla. "Caractérisation d'une forme recombinante, soluble et trimérique, de la glycoprotéine G du virus de la rage et application à l'étude de voies de signalisation dépendantes de p75NTR." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114810.
Full textBittan, Carole. "Impact du G-CSF dans les neutropénies chimio-induite chez les enfants en rechute de leucémies aigue͏̈s lymphoblastiques." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P216.
Full textDupré, Denis J. "Récepteur liant le facteur activateur de plaquettes étude de la désensibilisation à long terme par un agoniste ou un agoniste inverse." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4187.
Full textPalmier, Bruno. "Activites proteine tyrosine kinases et signal phospholipidique dans les cellules musculaires uterines. Interactions avec les recepteurs couples aux proteines g et a un facteur de croissance, le pdgf." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112136.
Full textMarmier-Savet, Caroline. "Etude de l'impact de la mobilisation des cellules souches périphériques (CSP) mobilisées par le facteur de croissance des granulocytes (G-CSF) sur les donneurs sains et les receveurs après allogreffe de CSP à conditionnement non myélo-ablatif." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0025.
Full textThe hematopoietic stem cells represent a major therapeutic alternative in the treatment of some disease. The hematopoietic stem cell can be obtained by mobilization of the peripheral stem cells blood (CSP) by the growth factor of the granulocyte : the G-CSF. The short-term immunological effects of the mobilization by G-CSF at the donor are known, on the other hand, the long-term effects are it less. We realized a study on 24 donors to observe the alteration inferred by this mobilization. Blood samples are taken, before, at the moment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the mobilization. The number of certain blood cells and their capacity to produce cytokines or immunoglobulins are perturbed by the mobilization but find normal values 3 in 6 months later. On the other hand, the mobilization by G-CSF is associated with a persistent aneuploidy of CD34- cells beyond 6 months post-mobilization. The long-term risk of the administration of G-CSF must be more amply studied. The peripheral stem cells transplantation after reduced-intensy conditioning regimen lead to less immediate toxicity. We studied several parameters post-graft of 20 recipients. The engrafment was fast, the counts of CD8 cells came back to a normal value 4 months after graft while the reconstruction of CD4 cells is much slower. Several results (number of TREC, number of memory's cells. . . ) show that this type of graft facilitates a reconstruction by peripheral expansion of T cells which the other cells can limit the incidence of severe infection post-graft
Dupuy, Aurélien. "Génération de nouveaux mutants dominants négatifs de la GTPases Rap1 application à la mise en évidence du rôle de Rap1 dans la dynamique cellulaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077095.
Full textTo decipher the biological fonctions of the Rapl GTPase, we developed an original method to generale novel dominant negative mutants of Rap1. Our results suggest that some of those mutants could be selective for activation pathways. For instance, Rap1[G15D] inhibits the activation of Rap1 induced by physiological stimulation of the Rap1 activator CSG but not Epac, whereas Rap1[S17A] inhibits the activation of Rap1 via both pathways. Moreover, Rap1[S17A] is a powerfull dominant negative mutant since its expression was sufficient to reproduce in Drosophila the pupal death observed in Rapl null mutants. In the second part of this work, we investigated the function of Rap1 in the cellular dynamics that occurs during mitosis. Indeed, the expression of dominant negative mutant Rap1[S17A] inhibits post-mitotic cell spreading, and conversely, the constitutively active Rap1[Q63E] mutant inhibits the cell retraction that occurs at the beginning of mitosis. In depth characterisation of the associated phenotypes indicates that Rapl modulates the dynamics of adhesion complexes during mitosis
Blondel, Rodolphe. "PROPRIETES DE TRANSPORT DANS LE SYSTEME GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0098.
Full textOberti, Joël. "Effet polaron dans le tellurure de cadmium de type N étudié par résonnance cyclotron persistante." Toulouse, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAT0003.
Full textLenglos, Christophe. "Le système relaxine-3/RXFP3 dans la régulation de la prise alimentaire : effet de la diète, du stress et du facteur sexe." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26480.
Full textHyperphagia and obesity are major problems in our society that affect differentially men and women. Therefore, it is necessary to seek the physiological basis of these health problems using animal models such as stress-induced hyperphagia and diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rats, taking into account diet, stress and sex factors. Investigating the role of the orexigenic neuropeptide relaxin-3 appears to be promising because of its involvement in the regulation of stress and food intake. First, we studied the role of relaxin–3 system in DIO rat model. These rats are hyperphagic and defend their elevated body weight against caloric restriction. The results of this study showed higher expression of relaxin-3 in the DIO rats in free feeding conditions, and, in addition, refeeding after food deprivation led to increased expression of the cognate receptor of relaxin-3 RXFP3 in DIO rats suggesting that relaxin-3 is involved in the defense of elevated body weight in the DIO phenotype. In the second study, hyperphagia was developed in female but not male rats submitted to repeated episodes of food restriction and stress. We observed that female hyperphagic rats showed increased expression of relaxin-3 which could be a cause of this sexually specific behavior. In the third study, by the central injection of relaxin-3 in male and female rats, we showed that female rats were more sensitive to lower doses of relaxin-3 and demonstrated higher increase in food intake compared to male rats. We also observed a greater stimulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in male rats that may limit the orexigenic effect of relaxin-3. Conversely, in female rats, stimulation of corticotropin-releasing factor expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis may enhance feeding behavior. In summary, our work demonstrates the role of relaxin-3/RXFP3 system in hyperphagia and body weight gain and shows its sex-specific effects in food intake regulation and stress response.
Aveni-Piney, Maud D'. "Le rôle immunomodulateur dans la réponse allo-immune de cellules hématopoïétiques mobilisées par du G-CSF." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T021.
Full textAllogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is the most effective immunotherapy for acute leukemia, due to the development of graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by alloreactive donor T cells. However, donor T cells specific for recipient alloantigens are also responsible for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication that frequently occurs after allo-HSCT. The administration of Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is routinely performed to collect Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC) from healthy donors for allo-HSCT. Few studies identified that G-CSF can induce myeloid suppressive cells in mice (CD11b+ Gr1+) with no human counterpart. We demonstrated in our study that G-CSF can induce a new population named CD34+Monocyte. The cumulative incidence of acute grade II to IV GVHD following allo-HSCT was lower in patients receiving grafts containing CD34+ monocyte frequencies above 12% of the CD34+ population. In mice, we demonstrated that G-CSF mobilized a highly conserved CD34+ monocyte population. CD34+Monocytes require T cell-mediated IFN-γ to produce Nitric Oxide that inhibits T cell activation and proliferation. In vivo, we report that CD34+ monocyte-derived NO regulates the alloreactive response by inducing T cell apoptosis and subsequently, the induction of regulatory T cells. In fact, uptake of apoptotic T cells by macrophages triggers them to produce high levels of TGF-β that drives the expansion of Tregs and induces immune tolerance. Such tolerogenic monocytes could represent a good candidate for the development of novel immunoregulatory and therapeutic cellular therapies
Blank, Ulrich. "Caracterisation biochimique et purification des immunoglobulin-g-binding factors (igg-bf) murins." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077005.
Full textKalimeri, Maria. "Are thermophilic proteins rigid or flexible? An in silico investigation." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077166.
Full textUnderstanding the relation between protein flexibility, stability and function remains one of the most challenging, open questions in biophysical chemistry. For example, proteins need to be flexible to facilitate substrate binding but locally rigid to sustain substrate specificity. Exemplary cases are enzymes from thermophilic organisms that thrive at elevated temperatures. These proteins are stable and functional at a high temperature regime but generally lack activity at ambient conditions. Therefore, their thermal stability has been correlated, through what's known as the corresponding states paradigm, to enhanced mechanical rigidity. The generality of this view, however, has been questioned by a number of experimental and computational studies. In the present study, we employ the "gold standard" of computational techniques, namely Molecular Dynamics simulations, in order to identify microscopical characteristics that distinguish thermophilic from mesophilic proteins, elaborating in particular on the rigidity paradigm mentioned above. We focus on two characteristic study-cases, two homologous monomeric G-domains of a hyperthermophilic and a mesophilic elongation factor and two homologous, thermophilic and mesophilic, tetrameric malate dehydrogenases. Our findings overall show that, indeed, protein rigidity is not the only way to achieve an enhanced thermal stability while they support the view that optimal activity of mesophilic. .
Sakka, Syrine. "L'architecture rurale comme facteur d'acceptabilité sociale de l'agriculture et de préservation du paysage agricole : potentiel aménagiste du patrimoine architectural rural bâti de la MRC de l'Île d'Orléans." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26606.
Full textGuemiri, Ramdane. "Etude de l’implication du complexe eIF4F dans la réponse immune antitumorale via la régulation traductionnelle de l’axe STAT1-PD-L1 dans le mélanome métastatique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS351.
Full textThe eukaryotic translation initiation complex eIF4F is subject of an increased interest in the field of cancer. This heterotrimeric complex, comprising the RNA helicase eIF4A, the cap-binding protein eIF4E and the scaffold protein eIF4G, is known to be more abundant and active in tumor cells than non-malignant counterparts.In a previous work, we showed that this complex is implicated in the resistance to melanoma-targeted therapies (Boussemart et al, Nature 2014). Furthermore, it is implicated in the resistance to various chemotherapies. Thus, agents targeting the eIF4F complex appear as promising tools in the field of cancer therapy.On the other hand, immunotherapy, by (re)stimulating and enhancing the host immune system against tumors is giving good clinical results in oncology treatment and appears nowadays as the most promising approach to fight cancer, especially anti-PD1 treatment. Even though immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable results in curing some established cancers, such as advanced melanoma or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, many tumors relapse or fail to respond. It is thus important to still look for a new strategy enhancing the efficacy of actual treatments. Here, we propose to study the impact of inhibiting the eIF4F complex on the tumor-specific immune response
Audoy, Julie. "Mécanismes de régulation des macrophages cérébraux dans des maladies du système nerveux central." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27079/27079.pdf.
Full textXiong, Yu. "Impact du G-CSF sur le phénotype et les fonctions des cellules NK dans le cadre d’une immunothérapie post-allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0106/document.
Full textThe ability of natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells without the need to recognize a tumor-specific antigen provides advantages over T cells and makes them appealing for a use as effectors for adoptive immunotherapy. However, the full therapeutic potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy has not been fully investigated in the context of leukemic relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Today, patients relapsing after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are often treated with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) based on small cell fractions frozen at the time of the stem cell transplantation. Since peripheral blood stem cells are increasingly used as stem cell source and as source of cells for DLI, we aimed to evaluate the impact of G-SCF mobilization on NK cell phenotype and functions. Therefore, we compared the expansion capacity, the phenotype and the function of NK cells from blood for healthy donors, from allogeneic HSCT healthy donors or from autologous HSCT from patients. We also determine the impact of G-CSF on NK cell subset repartition before and after expansion in presence of IL-15. Our results showed that G-CSF administration to patients decreases CD56brightCD16+ NK cell population, proliferation and function. Overcoming this impairment in lymphoid capacity may be important to facilitate post-transplant immunotherapy
Testa, Damien. "Contrôler la plasticité du cortex cérébral adulte à travers l'action non-autonome de l'homéoprotéine Otx2 A Mouse Model for Conditional Secretion of Specific Single-Chain Antibodies Provides Genetic Evidence for Regulation of Cortical Plasticity by a Non-cell Autonomous Homeoprotein Transcription Factor Non-cell Autonomous OTX2 Homeoprotein Regulates Visual Cortex Plasticity Through Gadd45b/g." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS234.
Full textDuring postnatal development, extracellular Otx2 homeoprotein is preferentially internalized by parvalbumin (PV) interneurons of the visual cortex and regulates the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity. The specificity of Otx2 internalization is mediated by chondroitin sulfate type E (CS-E) which is a component of the extracellular matrix enriched in glycosaminoglycans that condenses around PV cells during the critical period. The continuous supply of Otx2 in adults is necessary to maintain a non-plastic state of the cerebral cortex. Thus, a reopening of plasticity is possible by disrupting Otx2 transfer. We developed a transgenic mouse line with inducible secretion of single chain antibodies directed against Otx2 to separate the autonomous and non-autonomous activity in order to study its role in the maturation of cortical PV cells. We found that this maturation involves direct regulation of Gadd45b/g genes by Otx2 and that Gadd45b may control plasticity by influencing the methylation state of DNA and thus the epigenetic status of PV cells. We have also developed easily synthesizable peptides that mimic CS-E and are able to interact in vivo with Otx2 to block its transfer. Tools for neutralizing extracellular Otx2 have significant therapeutic potential for critical period pathologies
Benhamou, Marc. "Etude des recepteurs fc des mastocytes derives de la moelle osseuse de souris : modulation du fc::(e)r1 par la dexametasone, et caracterisation du fc::(g)r." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077009.
Full textCarles, Michel. "IL-8 et transport épithélial alvéolaire des fluides au cours de l'Acute Lung Injury." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20657.
Full textβ-adrenergic agonist-dependent stimulation of the lung fluid clearance is an important mechanism that protects the lung from alveolar flooding. In this study we hypothesized that critical mediators of acute lung injury (ALI), such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), could directly antagonize the epithelial response to β adrenergic agonists. Short circuit current experiments revealed that IL-8 inhibits CFTR-specific β adrenergic agonist-stimulated vectorial Cl- transport across the apical membrane of primary rat and human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII). IL-8 also significantly decreased β adrenergic agonist-stimulated cAMP production resulting in the inhibition of the CFTR promoter activity and gene expression in ATII cells. We found that the TGF-β1-dependent inhibition required IL-8 and was mediated by desensitization the β adrenergic receptor through both TGF-β1 and IL-8 signaling pathways, implicating PI-3 kinase-GRK2 complex translocation to the plasma membrane. Consistent with the in vitro results, we showed that TGF-β1 requires IL-8 to inhibit the β adrenergic agonist-stimulated fluid transport across the distal airspace epithelium in vivo in rats. In summary, the results demonstrate for the first time the importance of the PI3K signaling pathway in amplifying the IL-8-dependent inhibition of the cAMP-mediated alveolar fluid transport. This mechanism has an important clinical relevance since it may modify the way the β adrenergic agonists could be used for the treatment of ARDS
El-Hage, Jaoudat. "Dynamique des spins electroniques dans deux unidimensionnels : le chac et le chab." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30200.
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