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1
Michel, Damien. "L'islam radical face au droit pénal en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1002.
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Cette thèse ne traite pas de l'Islam, mais uniquement d'une partie de celui-ci, la frange extrême. Il y a dans ce travail une progression, la vision radicale de l'islam engendre d'abord des victimes, une partie des croyants sont sous une emprise que l'on peut qualifier de sectaire. Ce terme tabou pendant longtemps n'a jamais été associé à l'islam avant le rapport parlementaire sur le port de la burqa. Pourtant, par un raisonnement par analogie, des branches de l'islam fonctionnent comme les sectes dénoncés dans de nombreux rapports parlementaires.Lorsque l'adepte cherche à appliquer les préceptes les plus rigoristes de l'islam, il se trouve parfois en conflit avec les valeurs et le droit français, dont l'origine et les fondements actuels sont totalement différents. Il y aura alors une mutation. L'adepte victime d'une forme sectaire de l'islam va se retrouver auteur de faits pénalement répréhensible, cette situation pouvant l'amener jusqu'à tomber dans l'activisme. Cette frange est numériquement dérisoire, mais elle s'appuie sur un système financier pour fonctionner plus large et difficilement cernable. L'image du rhizome peut s'appliquer à ce financement. En effet, comme ce végétal, le financement de l'activisme puise à plusieurs sources et alimente plusieurs tiges. L'activisme islamiste en France est passé d'un phénomène relativement ancien et importé de l'étranger à une crainte permanente avec des acteurs pouvant être françaisThis thesis does not deal with Islam, but only a fraction of it, it's extreme fringe. As this work progresses, it highlights that radical Islamism firstly creates victims, and places a part of the believers under an influence that can be defined as sectarian. This term remained taboo for a long time and has never been associated with Islam before the parliamentary report on the wearing of the burqa. Yet, arguing by analogy, one can see that branches of Islam do function just like sects denounced in several parliamentary reports.When a follower tries to apply the most rigorous precepts of Islam, he may enter a conflict with French values and law, who's origin and actual foundations are entirely different. Their takes place a mutation. A follower being the victim of a sectarian form of Islam gets to become the perpetrator of criminal offenses, this situation may further lead him up to fall into activism. This fringe is numerically absurdly low, but is backed in it's functioning by a financial system that is larger and hard to figure out. The rhizome may give a close picture of this financing. As this plant, the financing of activism has several sources and feeds several stems. Islamic activism in France, formerly a relatively ancient phenomenon imported from abroad, is now a permanent fear and could involve French actors
2
Soares, Guimarães Raquel. "La double fonction de la pause dans l’activité d’accueil en face a face : instrument de résolution de conflits et renovation du genre." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0798/document.
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La recherche se développe dans une agence d’accueil au public. Les accueils sontréalisés en face à face et demandent de la part du travailleur des échanges discursifs quitraitent de la non-réalisation des services sollicités ou du non-respect des délais. La tension estexplicite. Faire face à ces situations de réclamation du public contre l’entreprise, légitimes ounon, fait que les réceptionnistes maintiennent un effort mental intense et prolongé.L’objectif général de la thèse est d’avancer un peu plus dans la singularité des sujets ensituation de travail et de contribuer à ce que les travailleurs puissent se développer ettransformer l’activité dans le but de diminuer les conflits dans l’accueil et, par conséquent,l’affection mentale.Nous cherchons donc une théorie et une pratique qui puissent mieux contribuer à révélerle sens des situations à partir de l’appréhension des expériences subjectives desréceptionnistes. Avec le concept d’ « activité empêchée », dans laquelle les conflitsintrasubjectifs se font présents, nous cherchons comme fil conducteur la clinique de l’activité.Dans ce processus, nous utilisons la méthode de l’auto-confrontation croisée, c'est-à-dire quepar le biais des discussions, des contradictions, dans des situations vécues dans le collectif, lestravailleurs pourraient parvenir à la reconstruction des sens de la propre activité.C’est à partir du terrain de travail, du matériel empirique recueilli dans les autoconfrontationssimples et croisées, qu’a surgi un « instrument » qui a joué le rôle de fil àdérouler : la pause au cours de la journée de travail. Et à partir de la pause, nous cherchons àparvenir aux conflits de l’activité et au possible développement des travailleurs dans l’activité.D’une manière générale, on peut dire que notre objectif est devenu une double questionde la fonction de la pause, d’un côté en tant qu’instrument de développement de l’activité, del’autre en tant qu’objet de reprise du travail à partir du collectif, pour la rénovation du genre.Dans ce problème apparemment simple se concentrent de fortes tensions de l’activité en faceà face, aussi bien individuelle (intrasubjective) que collective (intersubjective) de travail, quipeuvent révéler tout le potentiel de développement des travailleurs dans cette même activitéThe research was developed at a client service agency. The services are carried outface to face and demand from the employee discursive exchanges dealing with the failure tocarry out the requested services or non compliance with deadlines. Tension is explicit.Dealing with situations of complaints from the public against the company, whether thesecomplaints are legitimate or not, makes the attendants exercise continuous and long mentalefforts.The general goal of this research is to advance further in the understanding of thesingularity of the subjects in a work situation and contribute for the workers to be able todevelop and transform the activity, aiming at reducing conflicts during service and, as aconsequence, reducing mental sickness.A theory and practice which may contribute to reveal the meaning of the situationsfrom the apprehension of the subjective experiences of the clerks is then sought. With theconcept of “prevented activity", in which intrasubjective conflicts are present, we search theclinic of the activity as a conducting line. In this process we utilize the method of cross selfconfrontation, that is, by means of the discussions and contradictions in situations experiencedcollectively, the workers might be able to reconstruct the meanings of the activity itself.It was from this work field, from the empirical material collected in the simple andcross self confrontations, that an “instrument” arose to serve as a yarn to be unfolded: Thebreak during the work. And from the break we attempt to get to the conflicts of the activityand to the possible development of the workers in the activity.In a general way, we can say that our objective became the double question of thefunction of the break, on the one hand an instrument of activity development, and on the otheran object of work restart from the collective for gender renewal. In this apparently simpleproblem, strong tensions from the face-to-face activity are concentrated, both individual(intrasubjective) and collective (intersubjective), which may reveal the whole potential ofdevelopment of the workers in this same activity
A pesquisa se desenvolve em uma agência de atendimento a clientes. Os atendimentos são realizados face a face e demandam do trabalhador trocas discursivas que tratam da não realização dos serviços solicitados ou do não cumprimento dos prazos. A tensão é explícita. Lidar com situações de reclamação do público contra a empresa, legítimas ou não, faz com que os atendentes mantenham um esforço mental intenso e prolongado. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é avançar um pouco mais na singularidade dos sujeitos em situação de trabalho e contribuir para que os trabalhadores possam se desenvolver e transformar a atividade com o intuito de diminuir os conflitos no atendimento e, conseqüentemente, o adoecimento mental. Buscamos, então, uma teoria e prática que melhor pudessem contribuir para revelar o sentido das situações a partir da apreensão das experiências subjetivas dos atendentes. Com o conceito de "atividade impedida", na qual os conflitos intrassubjetivos se fazem presentes, buscamos como fio condutor a clinica da atividade. Nesse processo, utilizamos o método de autoconfrontação cruzada, ou seja, por meio das discussões, das contradições, em situações vivenciadas no coletivo os trabalhadores poderiam chegar à reconstrução dos sentidos daprópria atividade. Foi a partir do campo de trabalho, do material empírico colhido nas autoconfrontações simples e cruzada, que surgiu um «instrumento» que serviu como um fio de novelo a ser desenrolado: a pausa durante a jornada de trabalho. E, a partir da pausa, buscamos chegar aos conflitos da atividade e ao possível desenvolvimento dos trabalhadores na atividade. De forma geral, pode-se dizer que nosso objetivo passou a ser a dupla questão da função da pausa, de um lado como instrumento de desenvolvimento da atividade, de outro como objeto de retomada do trabalho a partir do coletivo para renovação do gênero. Nesse problema aparentemente simples concentram-se fortes tensões da atividade face a face, tanto individual (intrassubjetivas), quanto coletiva (intersubjetivas) de trabalho, que podem revelar todo o potencial de desenvolvimento dos trabalhadores nessa mesma atividade
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Kula, Nothemba. "The genease activity of mung bean nuclease: fact or fiction?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4360_1185444188.
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The action of Mung Bean Nuclease (MBN) on DNA makes it possible to clone intact gene fragments from genes of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium. This &ldquo
genease&rdquo
activity has provided a foundation for further investigation of the coding elements of the Plasmodium genome. MBN has been reported to cleave genomic DNA of Plasmodium preferentially at positions before and after genes, but not within gene coding regions. This mechanism has overcome the difficulty encountered in obtaining genes with low expression levels because the cleavage mechanism of the enzyme yields sequences of genes from genomic DNA rather than mRNA. However, as potentially useful as MBN may be, evidence to support its genease activity comes from analysis of a limited number of genes. It is not clear whether this mechanism is specific to certain genes or species of Plasmodia or whether it is a general cleavage mechanism for Plasmodium DNA .There have also been some projects (Nomura et al., 2001
van Lin, Janse, and Waters, 2000) which have identified MBN generated fragments which contain fragments of genes with both introns and exons, rather than the intact genes expected from MBN-digestion of genomic DNA, which raises concerns about the efficiency of the MBN mechanism in generating complete genes.
Using a large-scale, whole genome mapping approach, 7242 MBN generated genome survey sequences (GSSs) have been mapped to determine their position relative to coding sequences within the complete genome sequences of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the incomplete genome of a rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. The location of MBN cleavage sites was determined with respect to coding regions in orthologous genes, non-coding /intergenic regions and exon-intron boundaries in these two species of Plasmodium. The survey illustrates that for P. falciparum 79% of GSSs had at least one terminal mapping within an ortholog coding sequence and 85% of GSSs which overlapped coding sequence boundaries mapped within 50 bp of the start or end of the gene. Similarly, despite the partial nature of P.berghei genome sequence information, 73% of P.berghei GSSs had at least one terminal mapping within an ortholog coding sequence and 37% of these mapped between 0-50 bp of the start or end of the gene. This indicates that a larger percentage of cleavage sites in both P.falciparum and P.berghei were found proximal to coding regions. Furthermore, 86% of P.falciparum GSSs had at least one terminal mapping within a coding exon and 85% of GSSs which overlapped exon-intron boundaries mapped within 50bp of the exon start and end site. The fact that 11% of GSSs mapped completely to intronic regions, suggests that some introns contain specific cleavage sites sensitive to cleavage and this also indicates that MBN cleavage of Plasmodium DNA does not always yield complete exons.
Finally, the results presented herein were obtained from analysis of several thousand Plasmodium genes which have different coding sequences, in different locations on individual chromosomes/contigs in two different species of Plasmodium. Therefore it appears that the MBN mechanism is neither species specific nor is it limited to specific genes.
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Dhakar, Nagendra Singh. "Modeling face-to-face and Internet based social activity participation decisions." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024626.
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Whittaker, Maximilian Anthony Erik. "Modulation of fast-spiking interneurons using two-pore channel blockers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31252.
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The balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission within and across neurons in active networks is crucial for cortical function and may allow for rapid transitions between stable network states. GABAergic interneurons mediate the majority of inhibitory transmission in the cortex, and therefore contribute to the global balance of activity in neuronal networks. Disruption in the network balance due to impaired inhibition has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases (Marin 2012). Both schizophrenia and autism are two highly heritable cognitive disorders with complex genetic aetiologies but overlapping behavioural phenotypes that share common imbalances in neuronal network activity (Gao & Penzes 2015). An increasing body of evidence suggests that functional abnormalities in a particular group of cortical GABAergic interneurons expressing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) are involved in the pathology of these disorders (Marin 2012). As deficits in this neuronal population have been linked to these disorders it could be useful to target them and increase their activity. A conserved feature in PV cells is their unusually low input resistance compared to other neuronal populations. This feature is regulated by the expression of leak K+ channels, believed to be mediated in part by TASK and TREK subfamily two-pore K+ channels (Goldberg et al. 2011). The selective blockade of specific leak K+ channels could therefore be applied to increase the activity of PV cells. In this thesis, specific TASK-1/3 and TREK-1 channel blockers were applied in cortical mouse slices in an attempt to increase the output of PV cells. The blockade of either channel did not successfully increase the amplitude of PV cell-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) onto principal cells. However, while the blockade of TASK-1/3 channels failed to depolarise the membrane or alter the input resistance, the blockade of TREK-1 channels resulted in a small but significant depolarisation of the membrane potential in PV cells. Interestingly, TREK-1 channel blockade also increased action potential firing of PV cells in response to given current stimuli, suggesting that TREK-1 could be a useful target for PV cell modulation. These results demonstrate for the first time the functional effects of using specific two-pore K+ channel blockers in PV cells. Furthermore, these data provide electrophysiological evidence against the functional expression of TASK-1/3 in PV cells. It could therefore be interesting to further characterise the precise subtypes of leak K+ channels responsible for their low resistivity. This would help to classify the key contributors of the background K+ conductances present in PV cells in addition to finding suitable targets to increase their activity.
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Bain-Thouverez, Justine. "L’intégrité du déchet face aux impératifs environnementaux et économiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111014.
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Les déchets ont été initialement appréhendés selon la summa divisio classique droit public-droit privé, occultant ainsi leur dimension environnementale. L’extension progressive de la notion de déchet au regard des enjeux environnementaux et économiques remet en cause cette distinction traditionnelle au nom d’une nécessaire unité du déchet autour de ses différentes composantes intrinsèques. L’ambivalence de la nature du déchet impose de dépasser la division du droit.Le respect de l’intégrité du déchet, de sa conformité à lui-même, rend alors nécessaire la cohabitation du droit de l’environnement avec les autres branches du droit existantes dans le cadre d’une coproduction qui s’impose des contraintes mutuelles. L’objectif de notre étude consiste à définir les modalités de collaboration entre les différentes disciplines juridiques, fondées, d’une part, sur l’intégration de la gestion des déchets dans les règles du marché, assurant la rencontre des considérations environnementales et économiques, et fondées, d’autre part, sur l’application du droit de la concurrence à la gestion des déchets lorsque les pratiques intègrent la composante environnementale. C’est dans la définition des conditions d’interaction entre les impératifs environnementaux et économiques que l’unité du déchet peut être consacréeWaste was previously apprehended along the classic summa division of public and private law while concealing its environmental dimension. This traditional distinction has been called into question ever since the notion of waste has gradually expanded in view of economic and environmental issues. The unity of the notion of waste around his inherent parts is now necessary. The ambivalent nature of waste dictates us to go further than this division of law. In order to respect waste’s integrity and its true nature, environmental law must work together with other branches of law towards a co-production that implies mutual constraints. Defining the different ways these legal disciplines collaborate constitutes the study’s objective. These are founded on one hand, on waste management’s integration into market laws, ensuring the meeting of environmental and economical considerations and on the other hand, on the application of competition law to waste management when practices integrate an environmental aspect. Only once the interactions between environmental and economical imperatives are defined can waste’s unity be recognised
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Rowlands, Ann V. "The measurement of physical activity in children." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-measurement-of-physical-activity-in-children(1fdce5ef-f1dd-49f7-964d-fe7cee7ca9dc).html.
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This thesis includes one qualitative literature review, three empirical studies and one meta-analysis examining the measurement of physical activity in children. Previous research has highlighted the difficulties inherent in measuring children's habitual activity. This has lead to confusion regarding the relationships between physical activity and health in children. Recently a new type of activity monitor has been developed. Uniaxial (WAM, Computer Science Applications, Shalimar, Florida, USA) and triaxial (Tritrac, Professional Products, a division of Reining International, Madison, WI, USA) accelerometers that record temporal, frequency and intensity information of movement are now commercially available. The aims of this thesis were to evaluate the validity of these and other measures of physical activity in children, to examine the relationship between physical activity and body fat in children and to investigate the effect the mode of activity measurement has on this relationship. The main findings were: a) The Tritrac provided a significantly better estimate of scaled oxygen consumption during typical children's activities than the WAM, heart rate or pedometry; b) Physical activity, measured by the Tritrac or the pedometer, was inversely correlated with body fat and positively correlated with aerobic fitness; c) Heart rate measures of physical activity did not correlate significantly with body fat or aerobic fitness; d) Meta-analytic procedures showed a small to moderate relationship between activity levels and body fat in children; e) The strength of this relationship was heavily dependent on the method used to assess activity levels. Observation methods produced an effect size significantly higher than questionnaire or heart rate methods, though not significantly different to motion counter methods. In conclusion it appears that heart rate methods are inappropriate for the assessment of habitual activity in children. The use of motion counters or observation methods for assessing activity are recommended. Motion counter methods are particularly appropriate for medium to large sample sizes.
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Cros, Florence. "Les salariés âgés face aux transformations digitales du travail : du rôle de l'environnement socio-technique dans le développement de l'activité." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2137/document.
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L’allongement de la vie professionnelle est l’une des dispositions prise par les politiques afin de faire face au vieillissement démographique. Dans cette perspective, les salariés entrent dans un processus de vieillissement au travail. Le travail, lui-même, a fortement évolué au cours des dernières décennies. Il est marqué par de nombreux changements techniques et organisationnels qui ont pour effet de reconfigurer les pratiques et compétences des salariés (Caroli, 2001 ; Greenan, 2003 ; Vendramin & Valenduc, 2002). Les salariés vieillissent et devront vieillir dans des environnements de plus en plus médiatisés par les TIC. Or, les difficultés des salariés les plus âgés à s’adapter aux changements techniques et technologiques sont connues et démontrées (Czaja et Sharit, 1993 ; Greenan, Narcy & Volkoff, 2012) aux dépens des ressources mobilisées par ces salariés de façon à ce qu’ils continuent à « bien faire » leur travail. Dès lors, notre thèse vise à interroger (a) les effets des nouvelles technologies sur l’activité des salariés âgés ainsi que (b) les conditions sociotechniques qui permettent l’acceptation des TIC par ces salariés âgés. Nous postulons que les TIC n’ont pas nécessairement un effet délétère sur l’activité des salariés âgés dès lors que l’environnement sociotechnique rend possible le développement de l’activité de ces derniers.Dans la perspective d’une approche tout à la fois systémique, située et développementale, nous avons déployé une démarche de recueil procédant par double triangulation : méthodologique et des points de vue. A cet effet, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés à la fois avec des représentants syndicaux, médecins du travail, demandeurs d’emploi seniors et salariés âgés. L’objectif est d’appréhender les relations entre vieillissement et travail de différents points de vue. Des observations et techniques de verbalisations ont également été mobilisées afin d’appréhender l’activité des salariés âgés in situ. Enfin, des entretiens d’explicitations ont été menés sur la base des observations précédemment citées afin de cerner ce qui, dans l’expérience vécue de chaque salarié âgé, orientait ses actions, tout en permettant, ou non, le développement de son activité. Nos résultats confirment que les relations vieillissement, travail et TIC sont complexes. En effet, une multitude d’éléments rentrent en jeu dans leur configuration et dans leur articulation. Néanmoins, certains d’entre eux apparaissent prépondérants : le niveau de formation initiale, l’existence et l’appartenance à un collectif de travail, la possibilité de mobiliser le métier dans sa dimension transpersonnelle (outils de travail, ficelles du métier), la latitude organisationnelle ou encore que le caractère « plastique » et ajustable des TIC aux exigences de l’activité. Ces éléments sont tout autant de moyens qui permettent aux salariés âgés de développer les compétences nécessaires à l’usage des TIC en situation pour ainsi les intégrer à leurs pratiques de travailThe lengthening of working life has been one of the policy measures taken in order to deal with demographic ageing, and this has led workers to enter the ageing process as they are still working. Work itself has much evolved over the last few decades, as many technical and organizational changes have reconfigured the practices and skills of workers (Caroli, 2001, Greenan, 2003, Vendramin & Valenduc, 2002). Workers age, and will continue to age, in environments ever more shaped by information and communication technologies (ICT). The difficulties that the oldest workers face in adapting to technical and technological change has been well known (Czaja and Sharit, 1993; Greenan, Narcy & Volkoff, 2012) and demonstrated by the resources they mobilize so as to keep on doing “good work.” Our thesis seeks to investigate (a) the effects new technologies have on the activity of older workers as well as (b) the sociotechnical conditions that enable them to accept ICTs. We posit that ICTs are not necessarily detrimental to the activity of older workers as long as the sociotechnical environment enables its development.Using an approach that is at once systemic, situated and developmental, we have collected data by double triangulation – methodologically, as well as by gathering points of view. We have achieved this through semi-directive interviews held with union representatives, occupational health doctors, elderly job seekers and older workers. The aim is to gain better insight into the relation between work and ageing, from different points of view. Observations and verbalization techniques have also been performed to understand the activity of older workers in situ. Finally, clarifying interviews have been held following observations in order to discern which aspects in the experience of each older worker oriented their actions while enabling, or not, the development of their activity.Our findings confirm that the relations between ageing, work and ITCs are complex, as many factors come into play in their configuration and articulation. There appear however to be a certain number of overriding factors: level of initial education; existence of, and belonging to, a work collective; ability to engage in the transpersonal dimension of one’s progression (working tools and “tricks of the trade”); organizational latitude; or the “plasticity” or adaptability of ICTs to the demands of the activity. All these are means for older workers to develop the necessary skills to use ICTs situationally so as to integrate them in their professional practice
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Randall, Fiona. "Fast oscillatory activity in the rat basolateral amygdala in vitro." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492933.
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Rhythmic network oscillations are observed in cortical structures during many cognitive states in vivo including memory formation, processing and consolidation and are implicated in the temporal coding of sensory information. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) has a fundamental role in affective memory processing.
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Taylor, Aimee N. "Fat Cyborgs: Body Positive Activism, Shifting Rhetorics and Identity Politics in the Fatosphere." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1479311506093833.
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Aranda, George. "Functional brain electrical activity during affective facial processing in people with schizophrenia." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/36027.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Brain Sciences Institute, 2008.[Submitted for the degree of] Doctor of Philosophy, Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-269).
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Chawla, Dave. "Relating macroscopic measures of brain activity to fast dynamic neuronal interactions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397179.
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Packham, B. C. "Imaging fast neural activity in the brain with electrical impedance tomography." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1411598/.
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Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an emerging medical imaging technique that can be employed to reconstruct the internal conductivity of an object from measurements made on the boundary. One proposed application for EIT is in head imaging, including imaging of impedance changes that occur with neuronal depolarisation and the imaging of acute stroke. The work of this thesis was aimed at advancing the imaging of brain pathology and function, with particular focus on the imaging of fast neural activity. Chapter 1 is a review of other brain imaging techniques, the principles of bioimpedance and EIT, and of previous impedance recordings of fast neural activity. Chapter 2 was a comparison of reconstruction algorithms for the detection of acute stroke using EIT in a realistic head-shaped tank, which entailed assessing boundary voltage rejection methods and quantitative analysis of image quality to determine the best reconstruction algorithms for the detection of acute stroke. In chapter 3, an EIT imaging dataset of fast neural activity, previously collected in a rat model, was assessed using second-level statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and the spatio-temporal propagation of the activity assessed and compared to the neurophysiological literature, which was reviewed in chapter 1. The analysis undertaken in chapter 3 illustrated some key methodological issues, which were addressed in chapter 4: new high resolution meshes and better optimised matrix inversion were employed, a new algorithm for electrode alignment was developed, also the use of SPM was validated by applying it to control datasets and through the use of statistical non-parametric mapping. Chapters 5 and 6 detail work attempting to cross-validate the use of EIT to image fast neural activity by employing a physiological stimulus, mechanical whisker displacement, and comparing the findings to other neurophysiological techniques recorded in the same model. Chapter 5 details work to validate the model and the impedance findings in this model as compared to previously published neurophysiological results, while chapter 6 details the use of other neurophysiological techniques for cross-validation.
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Oates, Deborah Hazel. "A drama out of a crisis : exploring fact/fiction and representation through interviews with women political activists." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497708.
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Using interviews with first time women activists who took part in the 1997 Manchester Airport Runway 2 protest, this thesis explores the construction of stories and knowledge in the process of interview research. As well as the 'topic' of journeys to activism, this project includes an interrogation of the boundaries of 'facts' and 'fictions' and the way knowledge is constructed and presented in academia. Working within a 'feminist framework' and taking seriously issues of referentiality and representation, this thesis argues for an integrated approach to academic writing which refuses binaries of facts/fictions, researcher/researched and self/other and explores ways of foregrounding the researcher as constructor rather than presenter of knowledge.
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Lacan-Rus, Délia Monica. "Les néoconservateurs afro-américains face à l"'affirmative action". Idéologie, enjeux, activisme (1975-2008)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30032.
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Le nouveau conservatisme noir voit le jour dans les années 1975-1980 et s’impose comme une idéologie singulière, représentée par une élite intellectuelle (Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, Glenn Loury, Stephen L. Carter) graduellement institutionnalisée dans l’establishment conservateur. L’initiative personnelle, le self-help et le rejet des programmes politiques libéraux constituent les axes majeurs de cette doctrine. Les néoconservateurs afro-américains manifestent une grande confiance dans les principes économiques du libre-échange et rejettent l’interventionnisme d’État en faveur de la communauté raciale. L’attaque contre l’affirmative action s’accompagne du plaidoyer pour l’instauration de la norme de color blindness. Les actions entreprises dans le but de mettre un terme aux traitements préférentiels accordés aux minorités et aux femmes sont attentivement organisées par les acteurs de la droite américaine. Un réseau bien coordonné d’individus, des fondations conservatrices, organisations et groupes de réflexion se consacre à la promotion des stratégies color blind. Ward Connerly, homme d’affaires noir de Californie, est à la tête du mouvement pour l’abolition des traitements préférentiels accordés aux minorités et aux femmes. Bénéficiant d’un soutien fort de la part des institutions conservatrices, ses campagnes contre la politique préférentielle se concrétisent dans les États de Californie, du Washington, du Michigan et du NebraskaThe new Black Conservatism emerges between 1975-1980 and is considered as a unique ideology. Its major representatives are intellectuals (Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, Glenn Loury, Stephen L. Carter) who are gradually “institutionalized” and integrated into the conservative establishment. Personal initiative, self-help and the contestation of liberal political programs represent the major axes of this ideology. Black neoconservatives greatly rely on the principles of free market economics and reject state interventionism in favor of the African-American community. Their attack on affirmative action is accompanied by attempts at instituting color blind politics. Actions undertaken in order to outlaw preferential treatment granted to minorities and women constitute a carefully organized operation. A well coordinated network of individuals, conservative foundations, organizations and think tanks are connected in this process and dedicate their efforts to advancing a color blind agenda. Ward Connerly, a black businessman from California, leads the movement for the abolition of preferential treatments granted to women and minorities. With the help of conservative institutions, his campaigns against preferential treatment put a ban of affirmative action in the States of California, Washington, Michigan and Nebraska
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Schümann, Anne. "Structural dynamics of GABAergic axons in the face of changing neuronal activity." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-151839.
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Wong, S. "A fast webcam photogrammetric system to support optical imaging of brain activity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344106/.
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Optical topography (OT) is an emerging neuroimaging technique utilising the tight coupling between neural activity and regional cerebral blood flow to monitor relative regional changes of haemoglobin concentration. OT systems are compact, low cost, easily portable, and relatively tolerant of body movements enabling clinical diagnosis, psychological experiments and even monitoring brain activities during daily living. There is a requirement for such systems to present their output functional data in a brain model based coordinate space in order to map to the signal source with brain anatomy. However OT data are obtained from a network of OT sensing devices (optodes) placed in contact with the head surface and cannot capture structural information of the underlying brain which might otherwise be used for registration. An appropriate registration method, widely used in Electroencephalography (EEG), is the 10-20 system which utilises bony landmarks as common points to co-register locations on the scalp with a brain model to a repeatability of a few millimetres in clinical applications to an MRI set of reference points. Inheriting the low cost and portability of OT, this thesis develops and validates a novel registration approach utilising off-the-shelf webcam technology in combination with photogrammetric bundle adjustment techniques in order to reliably coordinate targets on optodes and bony landmarks within the 10:20 reference frame to an accuracy of better than 1mm. Initial research includes an assessment of the 3D coordination accuracy, precision and stability of a series of low cost webcams in order to prove their suitability for clinical applications. Results demonstrate the capability of a system based on these cameras to reliably coordinate 3D target locations to the order of 0.5mm and better. Difficulties in automated clinical target image extraction due to poor image quality are circumvented through the development of new target image detection methods. Incremental improvements in image quality from successive webcam generations, up to and including the latest HD systems, are shown to increase coordination accuracy by one order of magnitude. The result is a novel webcam photogrammetric system that is able to rapidly and consistently coordinate targets on optodes and bony landmarks to better than 1mm in OT studies and is able to take advantage of the rapid advances being made in consumer webcam technology. The system is proven in pre-clinical studies to evaluate its coordination accuracy and in simulated clinical OT studies with a head-sized phantom conducted in collaboration with Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering. Clinical OT studies with human subjects, demonstrate the capability of the system to continuously coordinate targets on optodes and scalp and detect differential movement between optodes and scalp which would invalidate a static registration procedure.
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Nelson, Maika Elizabeth. "Examination of Adolescent Physical Activity and Overweight Levels." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1145.
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Research suggests declines in physical activity may occur after age 12. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between adolescent physical activity, BMI, and nutrition. Adolescents, ages 12-17 (N = 223), wore pedometers for 11 consecutive days and completed a nutrition survey, the Youth Adolescent Questionnaire. Activity levels did not differ among the ages of 12-17 year old adolescents, and boys were more active than girls. There was a low, but significant relationship between BMI and physical activity levels for both boys and girls. Energy intake was not related to BMI or physical activity levels in boys or girls.
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Almeida, Maria Joao Correia de Araujo. "Physical activity and fatness in Portuguese adolescents : measurement issues and methodological implications." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324130.
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Soares, Guimarães Raquel. "La double fonction de la pause dans l'activité d'accueil en face a face : instrument de résolution de conflits et renovation du genre." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767414.
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La recherche se développe dans une agence d'accueil au public. Les accueils sontréalisés en face à face et demandent de la part du travailleur des échanges discursifs quitraitent de la non-réalisation des services sollicités ou du non-respect des délais. La tension estexplicite. Faire face à ces situations de réclamation du public contre l'entreprise, légitimes ounon, fait que les réceptionnistes maintiennent un effort mental intense et prolongé.L'objectif général de la thèse est d'avancer un peu plus dans la singularité des sujets ensituation de travail et de contribuer à ce que les travailleurs puissent se développer ettransformer l'activité dans le but de diminuer les conflits dans l'accueil et, par conséquent,l'affection mentale.Nous cherchons donc une théorie et une pratique qui puissent mieux contribuer à révélerle sens des situations à partir de l'appréhension des expériences subjectives desréceptionnistes. Avec le concept d' " activité empêchée ", dans laquelle les conflitsintrasubjectifs se font présents, nous cherchons comme fil conducteur la clinique de l'activité.Dans ce processus, nous utilisons la méthode de l'auto-confrontation croisée, c'est-à-dire quepar le biais des discussions, des contradictions, dans des situations vécues dans le collectif, lestravailleurs pourraient parvenir à la reconstruction des sens de la propre activité.C'est à partir du terrain de travail, du matériel empirique recueilli dans les autoconfrontationssimples et croisées, qu'a surgi un " instrument " qui a joué le rôle de fil àdérouler : la pause au cours de la journée de travail. Et à partir de la pause, nous cherchons àparvenir aux conflits de l'activité et au possible développement des travailleurs dans l'activité.D'une manière générale, on peut dire que notre objectif est devenu une double questionde la fonction de la pause, d'un côté en tant qu'instrument de développement de l'activité, del'autre en tant qu'objet de reprise du travail à partir du collectif, pour la rénovation du genre.Dans ce problème apparemment simple se concentrent de fortes tensions de l'activité en faceà face, aussi bien individuelle (intrasubjective) que collective (intersubjective) de travail, quipeuvent révéler tout le potentiel de développement des travailleurs dans cette même activité.
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Orfali, Karen Ann. "Regulation of cardiac fuel selection in response to dietary fat." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321741.
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Ciresi, Michael R. "Relationship between Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids and Disease Activity in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1328201550.
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Chakrabarti, Poulomi Dhar. "How rise of middle class activism in Indian cities is changing the face of local governance : [case of Delhi]." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42271.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-114).
Neighborhood Associations, called Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs), have assumed an important role in public policy decision making in Delhi as the principal voice of the middle class. This represents a departure from the traditional role of these institutions that was restricted to the boundaries of their neighborhoods. This development also follows a Government of Delhi program, called Bhagidari, that institutionalized citizen government participation through these very associations. This thesis attempts to establish a relationship between middle-class activism, exemplified by the rise in neighborhood associations, and local governance in mega-cities using the case of Delhi. I observe that although implementation of Bhagidari did not change any formal political structures in the city, it led to friction between political representatives and the Delhi Government and Resident Welfare Associations. The media focus on the program and the administrative mechanism adopted in its implementation contributed towards the rise of RWAs. RWAs were able to influence public policy by forming citywide horizontal networks with other RWAs and bargaining with the State through the channels of the media. The various cases of activism reveal that this mobilization has been triggered by some form of privatization of service delivery which resulted (or was believed to result) in increase in user charges. The two RWA umbrella organizations that developed as a consequence of this mobilization point towards a change in the traditional 'apolitical' character of middle class in India.
(cont.) Although both shared related opinions on public policy issues, one assumed a 'watchdog' of the State role, while another mobilized neighborhood associations to contest municipal elections. I discovered that neighborhood associations with pre-existing networks with government agencies were more likely to remain apolitical, while the ones without these social networks seek to become part of the government machinery through formal electoral channels. Policies on decentralization instituted by the Federal Government and the Bhagidari program have been instrumental in this change.
by Poulomi Dhar Chakrabarti.
M.C.P.
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Naziri, Micah B. D. C. "Persistence of Jewish-Muslim Reconciliatory Activism in the Face of Threats and “Terrorism” (Real and Perceived) From All Sides." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch158125273779039.
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Winokur, Elizabeth J. "Physical Activity, Body Fat, and Endothelial Function in Mexican American Male Adoloscents." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268474.
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The goal of this dissertation research was to describe the relationships among psychosocial variables, physical activity and physical fitness, and biological measures indicative of cardiovascular health in Mexican American male adolescents using a biobehavioral model. One aim of the research was to describe the predictive relationship of psychosocial variables, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and interpersonal influences, on physical activity and physical fitness. A second aim described the predictive relationship among physical activity and physical fitness and the amount of body fat and levels of biological markers indicative of endothelial function in this population. Study participants were 28 Mexican American male adolescents ages 15-19. Psychosocial variables were assessed using instruments developed for adolescents by Pender. Physical activity was measured by a 3-day accelerometer recording of activity counts while physical fitness was measured with cycle ergometry withVO2 max. Biologic measures indicative of cardiovascular health included serum leptin, CRP, adiponectin. Fat mass was assessed using BMI and DEXA scans. Findings demonstrated partial support for the model. Psychosocial variables predictive of physical fitness included perceived benefits of action and interpersonal influences. Perceived benefits of exercise significantly predicted physical fitness, explaining 50% of the variance in physical fitness scores while exercise norms, a measure of interpersonal influence, predicted 17% of the variance. Self-efficacy did not meet criteria as a mediating variable; it directly predicted physical activity. Physical activity predicted 15% of the variance in body fat measured as BMI percentile. Physical fitness predicted Leptin levels accounting for 23% of the variance. Physical fitness also predicted 51% of the variance related to the DEXA-derived body fat measurement and 18% of the variance related to BMI. Additional trends were identified including lack of parental support for exercise. Although the study participants reported high acculturated levels, language spoken at home indicated that the family was less acculturated which may have accounted for the lack of parental support. Higher acculturation levels were also significantly associated with increased perceived benefits of action and higher BMI levels. In conclusion, this study suggests that selected psychosocial variables including interpersonal influences should be considered in designing research with Mexican American adolescent males. In addition results suggest that objectively obtained measures of physical fitness and activity are in part predictive of measures of endothelial function and body fat.
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Vera, Kristi Marie. "Athletic Women in Fiction and Fact: The Portrayal of Women involved in Athletic Activity in Novels from 1890-1920's." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625710.
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Rodwan, Naima Salem. "Light-Limited Access to Fructose Alters Metabolic Function and Adipose Tissue Catecholaminergic Activity in Mice." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1339615527.
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Hussin, Nora Anniesha Binte. "Interaction from an activity theoretical perspective: comparing learner discourse of language face-to-face, inchat and in audio conferencing in second language learning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41758146.
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Dutheil, Frédéric. "Quelle activité physique pour traiter le syndrôme métabolique ?" Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20063/document.
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Contexte: Il n’y a pas de consensus concernant la meilleure activité physique pour réduire le risque cardio-vasculaire (RCV) résultant de l'accumulation du tissu adipeux viscéral dans le syndrome métabolique (SMet). Objectif: analyser les effets de l'activité physique sur le tissu adipeux viscéral et sur le RCV chez des patients SMet. Méthodes: 100 adultes, 50-70 ans, ont été randomisés en trois groupes d’activité physique: mixte (endurance et résistance) résistance modérée + endurance modérée (re), Résistance intense + endurance modérée (Re), résistance modérée + Endurance intense (rE). Une cure de trois semaines (J0 à J20), en institution, a précédé un suivi à domicile d’une année (M12). Nous avons suivi le tissu adipeux viscéral et la composition corporelle par DXA, les paramètres du SMet, les performances en force et en endurance, et le RCV en utilisant le score de Framingham et l’épaisseur intima-média carotidienne. L’observance a été évaluée entre D20 et M12. Résultats: 78 participants (78%) ont terminé l'étude. À J20, la perte de graisse viscérale était la plus élevée pour Re (-18%, p<.0001) et plus élevée pour rE que re (-12% vs 7%, p<.0001). De même, à partir de M3, la graisse viscérale a plus pour Re et rE (p<.05) pour atteindre à M12 une perte de graisse viscérale de -21,5% (Re) et -21,1% (rE) > -13,0% (re) (p<.001). Le RCV, le SMet et les performances physiques ont été améliorées dans tous les groupes. Les principales améliorations ont été obtenues durant la cure et ont ensuite évolué en fonction de l’observance. Particulièrement entre M6 et M12, les non-observants dégradent leurs améliorations alors que les observants restent stables. La perte de tissu adipeux viscéral est corrélée aux améliorations des paramètres du SM. Conclusions: Les 3 modalités d'activité physique induisent une perte de graisse viscérale et améliorent le RCV et le SMet, mais une haute intensité en résistance entraîne une amélioration plus rapide. Une cure avec un encadrement quotidien est indispensable pour aider les patients à atteindre leurs objectifs. L’observance semble être le principal défi dans le succès du traitement du SMBackground: Opinions differ over the type of physical activity that best limits the cardiovascular risk (CVR) resulting from visceral fat accumulation in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aim: To analyze the effects of physical activity on visceral fat and cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients suffering from MetS. Methods: 100 adults, aged 50-70y, were randomized to three training groups: moderate endurance and resistance (re), dominant resistance (Re), or dominant endurance (rE). A 1-year at-home follow-up (M12) began with a 3-week residential program (Day 0 to Day 20). We measured the change in central fat and body composition by DXA, MetS parameters, fitness and CVR using the Framingham score and carotid-intima-media-thickness. Compliance was assessed between D20 and M12. Results: 78 participants (78%) completed the study. At D20, central fat loss was highest in Re (-18%, p<.0001) and higher in rE than re (-12% vs. -7%, p<.0001). Likewise, from M3, visceral fat decreased more in Re and rE than in re (p<.05) to reach at M12 a central fat loss of -21.5% (Re) and -21.1% (rE) > -13.0% (re) (p<.001). CVR, MetS parameters and fitness improved in all groups. The main improvements were obtained during the residential program and evolved thereafter depending on compliance. Non-compliers had higher values in most outcomes between M6 and M12 whereas compliers maintained improvement. Central fat loss correlated with changes in MetS parameters. Conclusions: The 3 modalities of physical activity induced central fat loss and improvements in CVR and MetS, but high-intensity-resistance resulted in a faster improvement. A residential program with daily coaching is essential to help patients achieve their aims. Compliance appears to be the main challenge in successful Mets treatment
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Fowler, James R. "Physical Activity Level and Insulin Resistance in 6,500 NHANES Adults: The Role of Abdominal Obesity." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9127.
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OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study investigated insulin resistance (IR) variation across physical activity (PA) levels in U.S. adults. METHODS: MET-minutes were utilized to quantify PA using 2 methods: 4 categories were based on relative MET-minutes, and 5 were based on U.S. PA guidelines. IR was indexed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Effect modification was tested by dividing waist circumferences into sex-specific quartiles, and then evaluating the relationship between PA and HOMA-IR within each quartile separately. RESULTS: Relative PA was associated with HOMA-IR after controlling for demographic and demographic and lifestyle covariates (F = 11.5, P < 0.0001 and F = 6.0, P = 0.0012, respectively). Adjusting for demographic and demographic and lifestyle covariates also revealed relationships between guideline-based PA and HOMA-IR (F = 8.0, P < 0.0001 and F = 4.9, P = 0.0017, respectively). Controlling for waist circumference with the other covariates nullified the relationship between PA and HOMA-IR. Effect modification testing showed that when the sample was delimited to adults with extra-large waists (Quartile 4), relative (F = 5.6, P = 0.0019), and guideline-based PA (F = 3.7, P = 0.0098) and HOMA-IR were related. PA and HOMA-IR were not related within the other quartiles. CONCLUSION: High levels of PA may play a meaningful role in glucose and insulin metabolism in those with abdominal obesity, but not in adults with smaller waists.
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Brétigny-Vincent, Perrine. "L'adaptabilité comme critère d'expertise d'une habileté motrice face aux contraintes : le shoot en hockey sur gazon." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUEL004.
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L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'analyser l'adaptabilité des experts d'une part et des non-experts d'autre part, face à une tâche de shoot en hockey sur gazon, sous différentes contraintes. Le shoot est utilisé pour deux objectifs principaux : passer la balle, ou tirer au but. L'adaptabilité est définie comme le ratio entre flexibilité et stabilité, à savoir la capacité des experts à être stable quand il le faut et flexible quand il le faut. Plusieurs types de contraintes ont été analysés : l'influence de la tenue de crosse (étude 1) et du positionnement de la balle (étude 4) comme contrainte de tâche, l'influence du poste de jeu (étude 2) et du niveau de jeu (études 3 et 4) comme contrainte de l'organisme. Les systèmes d'analyse du mouvement VICON et SIMI Motion ont permis la reconstruction du mouvement en 3 dimensions. Un traitement statistique non-supervisé, regroupant les individus qui ont des comportements communs a été utilisé, de manière à distinguer l'expertise en hockey de l'expertise en shoot. Les résultats indiquent un pattern de coordination commun qui correspond à un séquençage des membres supérieurs pour maximiser la vitesse conférée à la balle au moment de l'impact. Par contre, des modifications des paramètres du mouvement (amplitudes, durées, valeurs angulaires) sont observées en réponse aux changements de contraintes. Cette variabilité intra-individuelle, qu'elle soit synonyme de l'utilisation de patterns différents ou de variance inter-essai, n'est pas liée à l'expertise puisqu'elle est présente pour les deux types de population (experts et non-experts). Par contre, l'expertise réside dans le maintien de la performance suggérant le rôle fonctionnel de la variabilité, signe de dégénérescence du système neurobiologique humainThe aim of this study was to analyze experts and non-experts adaptability during a field hockey drive under different constraints. Field hockey drive serves to two main purposes : shooting for goal and passing the ball to players several meters away. Adaptability is defined as the ratio between stability and flexibility, that is the experts capacity to be stable when it's necessary and flexible when it's necessary. Different constraints were studied : stick holding (study 1) and ball position (study 4) as task constraint, game role (study 2) and players skill level (studies 3 and 4) as organismic constraints. SIMI Motion and VICON motion analysis systems were used to dynamically reconstruct players movement in three dimensions. Cluster analysis, which groups individuals with common behaviors, was used to distinguish field hockey expertise and drive expertise. Results show a common coordination pattern, corresponding to sequential movements of the upperarms to maximize final ball velocity at the impact. Therefore, modifications of movement parameters (amplitudes, durations, angle values) were seen in response to constraints changes. This intra-individual variability can reflect pattern bistability or pattern flexibility. However, these two forms of movement variability do not related to expertise because the two populations (experts and non-experts) show this kind of variability. Nevertheless, expertise relates to maintaining performance outcomes (ball velocity and drive accuracy). Therefore, experts are characterized by functional movement variability and supported neurobiological system degeneracy
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Hussin, Nora Anniesha Binte. "Interaction from an activity theoretical perspective comparing learner discourse of language face-to-face, in chat and in audio conferencing in second language learning /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41758146.
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Martinez, Jessica A., Betsy C. Wertheim, Cynthia A. Thomson, Jennifer W. Bea, Robert Wallace, Matthew Allison, Linda Snetselaar, Zhao Chen, Rami Nassir, and Patricia A. Thompson. "Physical Activity Modifies the Association between Dietary Protein and Lean Mass of Postmenopausal Women." ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623078.
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Background Maintenance of lean muscle mass and related strength is associated with lower risk for numerous chronic diseases of aging in women. Objective Our aim was to evaluate whether the association between dietary protein and lean mass differs by physical activity level, amino acid composition, and body mass index categories. Design We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort. Participants/setting Participants were postmenopausal women from the Womens Health Initiative with body composition measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (n=8,298). Main outcome measures Our study measured percent lean mass, percent fat mass, and lean body mass index. Statistical analyses performed Linear regression models adjusted for scanner serial number, age, calibrated energy intake, race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and recreational physical activity were used to determine the relationship between protein intake and body composition measures. Likelihood ratio tests and stratified analysis were used to investigate physical activity and body mass index as potential effect modifiers. Results Biomarker-calibrated protein intake was positively associated with percent lean mass; women in the highest protein quintile had 6.3 percentage points higher lean mass than the lowest quintile (P<0.001). This difference rose to 8.5 percentage points for physically active women in the highest protein quintile (P-interaction=0.023). Percent fat mass and lean body mass index were both inversely related to protein intake (both P<0.001). Physical activity further reduced percent fat mass (P-interaction=0.022) and lean body mass index (P-interaction=0.011). Leucine intake was associated with lean mass, as were branched chain amino acids combined (both P<0.001), but not independent of total protein. All associations were observed for normal-weight, overweight, and obese women. Conclusions Protein consumption up to 2.02 g/kg body weight daily is positively associated with lean mass in postmenopausal women. Importantly, those that also engage in physical activity have the highest lean mass across body mass index categories.
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Leonet, Jennifer. "Les concepteurs face à l’impératif participatif dans les projets urbains durables : le cas des écoquartiers en France." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1218/document.
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Cette thèse se positionne dans la lignée d'une série de travaux menés depuis une vingtaine d'années en France sur l’évolution des métiers et des professions de la production urbaine, architecturale et paysagère, au prisme de l'émergence de nouvelles attentes sociétales. Elle analyse plus précisément les attitudes et les modalités d'interventions des concepteurs, dans des projets urbains marqués depuis le milieu des années 2000 par de fortes ambitions en matière de participation citoyenne associées à des enjeux de développement durable. Dans quelle mesure l'émergence de telles commandes en France, particulièrement perceptible dans les premières opérations d'écoquartiers, modifient-elles les représentations des concepteurs vis-à-vis de la participation citoyenne, leurs modes d'exercice, leurs compétences, voire leur manière de considérer leur métier ?This thesis is written within the context of a series of works undertaken over the last twenty years in France on the subject of the trades and professions of urban, architectural and landscape production, as considered through the prism of new social expectations. The thesis analyses the attitudes and forms of intervention adopted by designers of urban projects that,since the mid 2000s, have featured strong citizen participation ambitions associated with sustainable development issues. To what extent has the emergence of these demands in France, particularly noticeable in the case of the first sustainable neighborhoods, modified designers’ representation of citizen participation, as well as their own practice, skills andgeneral vision of their profession?
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Borup, Pamela Ruth. "Intensity of Physical Activity and Body Composition: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Young Adult Women." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3399.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between intensity of physical activity and body composition in 239 young adult women.
Methods: This study was cross-sectional. Participants were recruited from October 2009 to December 2011 and included women from 36 different states and 6 different countries. Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers worn for seven days. Body composition was measured using the BOD POD. Height, weight, and circumferences were assessed.
Results: Participant's mean age was 20.6±1.6 years. Their mean BMI was 22.6±3.0 kg/m2 and mean body fat percentage was 26.4±6.3 %. Average total activity counts per day were 387,560 ± 172,000, with 61.6±22.5 min per day spent in MVPA, 169.4±43 min per day in light activity, 55.6±19 min per day in moderate activity, and 6±9.2 min per day in vigorous activity. Total activity counts per day were inversely correlated with body fat (r = -0.17, p = 0.007). Light activity was positively correlated with both BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.007) and waist circumference (r = 0.15, p = 0.0164). Moderate activity was inversely associated with body fat (r = -0.18, p = 0.0051) and hip circumference (r = -0.12, p = 0.0459). MVPA was inversely associated with body fat (r = -0.19, p = 0.0026) and hip circumference (r = -0.14, p = 0.0291). Vigorous physical activity was inversely related to body fat (r = -0.20, p = 0.0023). Using stepwise regression, the best predictor of body fat was time spent in vigorous PA (F = 9.45, p = 0.0024). The best predictor of BMI was light activity per day, which was positively correlated with BMI (F = 7.5, p = 0.0066) followed by moderate activity per day which was negatively correlated (F = 4.25, p = 0.0403). Young adult women who spent no time performing vigorous PA had significantly higher body fat percentages than women who performed some vigorous PA. Young adult women who spent less than 30 minutes per day in MVPA had significantly higher body fat percentages and BMIs than those who obtained more than 30 minutes per day. For every 10 minutes spent in MVPA per day, the odds of being obese by body fat decreased by 33%.
Conclusion: Vigorous PA and MVPA appear to be the most important aspects of PA associated with lower body fat and BMI levels. Young adult women should be encouraged to obtain at least 30 minutes of MVPA per day.
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BURDETTE, HILLARY LOUELLA. "NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYGROUNDS, FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS, AND CRIME: RELATIONSHIPS TO OBESITY IN LOW-INCOME PRESCHOOL CHILDREN." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1046381248.
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Russell, Kenric Lloyd. "Physical Activity and C-reactive Protein Levels: The Confounding Role of Body Fat Percentage." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1255.pdf.
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Andersson, Agneta. "Fatty Acid Composition in Skeletal Muscle : Influence of Physical Activity and Dietary Fat Quality." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5078-4/.
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Yahia, Najat. "The influence of dietary fat on post-prandial lipaemia and factor VII coagulant activity." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362658.
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Breneman, Charity B. "Dietary Fiber Consumption and Insulin Resistance: The Role of Body Fat and Physical Activity." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3142.
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Background: This study was conducted to determine the association between fiber intake and insulin resistance in 264 women using a cross-sectional design. Methods: Insulin resistance was indexed using HOMA-IR (fasting insulin (μU/mL)×fasting glucose (mg/dL)/405). HOMA-IR values were log transformed. Fiber and energy consumption were assessed using 7-day weighed food records. Fiber was expressed as grams per 1000 kilocalories. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using the BOD POD and physical activity (PA) was ascertained using Actigraph accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days. Results: (Mean±SD) age: 40.1±3.0 years, glucose: 86.7±5.9 mg/dL; insulin: 7.1±4.3 μU/mL; HOMA-IR: 1.5±1.0; fiber intake (g/1000 kcal), total: 9.3±2.9; soluble: 1.7±0.9; insoluble: 3.8±1.9; physical activity: 2.7044 ±0.7842 million counts; BF%: 31.7±6.9; weight (kg): 66.1±10.1; total caloric intake per day (kcal): 2054.1±320.9; and dietary fat intake (% of total kcal): 30.5±0.5. Women with high total fiber intakes had significantly less insulin resistance than their counterparts (F=4.58, p=0.0332), and women with high soluble fiber intakes had significantly lower levels of insulin resistance than other women (F=7.97, p=0.0051). Participants with high insoluble fiber intakes did not differ from their counterparts (F=0.7, p=0.6875). Adjusting for either PA or BF% weakened the relationships significantly. Controlling for BF% nullified the total fiber-HOMA-IR link (F=1.96, p=0.1631), and attenuated the association between soluble fiber and HOMA-IR by 32% (F = 6.86, p=0.0094). To facilitate interpretation of the results, odds ratios were calculated to determine the association between fiber intake and HOMA-IR with both variables treated as categorical. To create dichotomous variables, fiber intake and HOMA-IR were each divided into two categories using the median (Low and High). In women who had high soluble fiber intake (upper 50%), the odds of having an elevated HOMA-IR level was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.36-0.94) times that of women with low soluble fiber intake (lower 50%). And after controlling for all of the potential confounding factors simultaneously, the odds ratio was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.29-0.93). Conclusion: High fiber intake, particularly soluble fiber, is strongly related to lower levels of insulin resistance in women. Part of this association is a function of differences in PA and BF%.
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Tompkins, Connie VanVrancken. "Association of Fat Oxidation and Insulin Resistance in Prepubertal Children." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/698.
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Identifying the relationship between fat oxidation and insulin resistance (IR) may provide vital clues to the mechanisms behind the development of metabolic disease in prepubertal children. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of fat oxidation with insulin resistance (IR) and insulin sensitivity (SI) in prepubertal children. A total of 34 prepubertal 7-9 year olds (18 females, 16 males, 13 non-Caucasian, 21 Caucasian, 8.0±0.8 years, 36.5±12.1 kg) were observed. Subjects participated in indirect calorimetry to obtain respiratory quotient (RQ) and a blood test to obtain fasting insulin and glucose to calculate IR by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). A subset (n=16) participated in Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Testing (FSIGTT) to obtain insulin sensitivity. Pearson correlations between RQ and IR and RQ and SI were performed. Partial correlations with respect to physical activity, breastfeeding, and birth weight were also performed. A general linear model was used to examine RQ with IR, and separately SI with respect to physical activity, breastfeeding, birth weight, race and sex. Respiratory quotient and IR were significantly associated when adjusted for physical activity, sex and race and breastfeeding, sex and race. In regards to birth weight, RQ and IR were significantly associated when adjusted for breastfeeding, birth weight, and race, but not when breastfeeding was removed from the model. The results of this study suggest lack of physical activity and breastfeeding may be the most influential risk for factors in the development of IR via a mechanism of impaired fat oxidation. Further research is needed to examine the role of physical activity, breastfeeding, and birth weight on fat oxidation and the development of insulin resistance in prepubertal children, however, the results of this study support the promotion of physical activity, breastfeeding, and good maternal nutrition.
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Richards, Melinda L. "Energy cost of physical activity in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36757/1/36757_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Despite improvements in treatment regimens over the past few decades patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF) continue to present with malnutrition due to energy imbalance. A major factor effecting energy balance in this disease is an increased energy expenditure, the causes of which remain contentious. At rest patients with CF expend between 1 O and 20% more calories than healthy individuals however during activity energy expenditure has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore the papers described within this dissertation provide insight relating to the energy costs of standard physical activity sessions in patients with CF.
Accurate body composition analysis in CF is a fundamental requirement for routine assessment of nutritional status and for appropriate expression of energy expenditure when making comparisons with healthy individuals. Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis may prove beneficial in this disease but as it stands this instrument is not valid for monitoring total body water and hence fat free mass in this population. This is because factory installed regression equations that predict total body water from impedance overestimate the true volume of body water in CF. Use of the resistance index (ie- Height2 I Impedance) to predict total body water in CF permits more accurate use of bioelectrical impedance analysis in this population.
The energy cost of physical activity in patients with CF is increased but is also greater than the increase in energy expenditure observed at rest. This implies that an additional energyrequiring process occurs during activity in this disease, perhaps related to the efficiency of oxidative work performance within skeletal muscles or to an increased oxygen cost of breathing.
A unique feature of this thesis was the refinement of a non-invasive 13C02 breath test to evaluate energy expenditure during physical activity. This technique was developed for use in the remaining studies. In healthy controls, the 13C02 breath test is accurate in assessing energy expenditure during activity both at the population level and for individuals. This is not the case in patients with CF who demonstrate increased intra-individual variation between energy expenditure values from indirect calorimetry and the 13C02 breath test, thus indicating that this test is not useful for individual assessment in this disease.
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Dalipi, Merlinda. "Face als Orientierung pädagogischen Handelns im Hochschulbereich dargestellt am Beispiel Spanien." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19471.
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In dieser Arbeit steht die Frage im Vordergrund, inwieweit eine besondere Orientierung sozialen und pädagogischen Handelns, die Orientierung an Face, im hochschulischen Raum Spanien als handlungsleitendes Konstrukt aufgezeigt werden kann und inwieweit dies mit den in chinesischsprachigen Kulturräumen verorteten Konzepten von Face vergleichbar ist. Face wird als transkulturelles, individuell und kollektiv bedeutsames Orientierungsmuster verstanden, dessen Kenntnis und handlungswirksame Umsetzung die Grundlage pädagogisch bedeutsamer Internationalisierungsstrategien stellen kann. Das Grundanliegen dieser Arbeit ist der Versuch, auch für einen europäischen Sprach- und Kulturraum Face als soziale Orientierung, speziell im pädagogischen Handlungsfeld Hochschule, aufzuzeigen und daraus Handlungsräume für die Gestaltung studienfördernder Lern- und Lehrkonstellationen bei internationalen Studierenden zu entwerfen. Die vorliegende qualitativ-ethnomethodologische Datenerhebung besteht aus einer Kombination mehrerer Erhebungsinstrumente, die im Rahmen von zwei aufeinander aufbauenden Studien in Spanien und Deutschland verwendet wurden. Studie 1 ist eine Teilnehmende Beobachtung im Forschungsfeld in Kombination mit der Critical Incident Technique, Studie 2 besteht aus leitfadengestützten ethnographischen und problemzentrierten Interviews. Zentrale Ergebnisse der Datenauswertung sind, dass Face als relationales Konstrukt im Bereich der Lehr-/Lernstilforschung von hoher Relevanz ist. Der Ausdruck El qué dirán kann als spanische Entsprechung für Face angesehen werden. Die in diesem Zusammenhang entwickelten Modelle – das Vínculo-Modell und das Enchufe-Modell – bieten eine kultursensible Darstellung von Face. Von diesen Ergebnissen ausgehend werden Implikationen für eine Face-sensible Lehre aufgezeigt und Anregungen für die Gestaltung studienfördernder Lern- und Lehrkonstellationen bei internationalen Studierenden gegeben.This paper focuses on the question to what extent a special orientation of social and pedagogic action, the orientation towards Face, can be shown to be a presumed construct in higher education in Spain and to what extent this can be connected to the concepts of Face observed in Chinese-speaking cultural areas. Face is understood as a transcultural, individually and collectively significant orientation pattern, the knowledge and effective implementation of which can form the basis of pedagogically significant internationalisation strategies. The basic aim of this paper is to attempt to identify Face as a social orientation for a European language and cultural area as well, especially in the field of higher education as an area of pedagogic action, and to use this as a basis for designing study-enhancing learning and teaching constellations among international students. The qualitative ethnomethodological data collection used consists of a combination of several survey instruments used in two consecutive studies in Spain and Germany. Study 1 is a participant observation in the research field in combination with the Critical Incident Technique; Study 2 consists of guideline-based ethnographic and problem-oriented interviews. Central results of the data evaluation are that Face is of high relevance as a relational construct in the field of teaching/learning style research. The expression El qué dirán can be regarded as the Spanish equivalent of Face. The models developed in this context – the Vínculo model and the Enchufe model - were taken from the data and offer a culturally sensitive representation of Face; they can be understood as a culture-specific supplement to the social orientation triangle (Henze 2011) for understanding social interaction. Based on these results, implications for face-sensitive teaching are identified and suggestions for the design of study-enhancing learning and teaching constellations for international students are made.
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Ercole, Robert d'. "Vulnérabilité des populations face au risque volcanique : le cas de la région du volcan Cotopaxi (Equateur)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE19018.
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A partir du cas equatorien dont le choix est en grande partie lie a la catastrophe colombienne du 13 novembre 1985 (eruption du nevado del ruiz), nous proposons une etude de la vulnerabilite des populations face au risque volcanique. L'approche de cette vulnerabilite se veut globale. La composante physique du risque ne constitue pas une fin en soi mais la base d'une recherche, fondee sur une longue campagne d'enquetes, qui privilegie la composante humaine, cette derniere passant generalement au second plan dans les travaux de planification preventive. Le poids des facteurs de vulnerabilite diverge selon le lieu ou le groupe social considere. Cependant si celui des facte urs cognitifs (perception du risque, connaissance des moyens de protection) est loin d'etre negligeable, ce sont surtout les facteurs economiques, sociaux, culturels et logistiques qui semblent devoir surtout influencer les comportements humains lors d'une eventuelle situation d'urgence. En depit de ces contraintes, la these tend a montrer que le risque dit "naturel" n'est pas une fatalite, meme dans les pays en voie de developpement, des lors que se manifeste une veritable volonte politique appuyee par des outils de decision appropries. Pour cela, un effort particulier a ete place sur le plan methodologique, notamment sur une cartogra phie destinee a mettre en evidence des types et des niveaux de vulnerabilite de la population exposee au cotopaxi, dont la connaissance est indispensable avant de s'engager dans des actions preventives localesWe are proposing a study on the vulnerability of populations in the face of volcanic hazards primely based on the ecuadorian area case, mainly chosen because of its relation to the colombian catastrophe of nov. 13th 85 (e ruption of nevado del ruiz volcano). We aimed to a global approach of this vulnerability. The physical component of the risk doesn't make up an end in itself , but the first element of a research based on an investigation campain regarding mainly the human component, this latte r beeing generally put in low priority in preventive planification studies. The vulnerability factor weight varies upon the location, or the social group considered. However if the cognitive facto r (hazard perception and assessment of protection means) is far from beeing negligeable, it's mainly the economic, socia l, cultural and logistic factors that seem to influence the human behaviour in the event of an emergency situation. In spite of these constraints, research study tends to show that the so called "natural" risk is not a fatality, even in third world countries as long as there is a true political concern for it, backed up with the proper means of decision. In that view, particular effort has been put on the methodological aspects, and specially on a cartography that put int o light various types and levels of vulnerability of population exposed to the risk of cotopaxi volcano, elements that seems indispensable to be known before starting to get involved with preventive local actions
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Wohlers, Lindsay Michelle. "Physical activity or estradiol supplementation can prevent the increases in fat mass in ovariectomized mice." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8926.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Peng, Yung-Kang. "Surface mapping of faceted metal oxides by chemical probe-assisted NMR for catalytic applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7b56021f-71fb-437b-8c6b-0569705ef68e.
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Semiconductive metal oxides are of great importance in environmental remediation and electronics because of their ability to generate charge carriers when excited with appropriate energy. The electronic structure, light absorption and charge transport properties have made the transition metal oxides an attractive material as photocatalyst. Recently, facet-engineering by morphology control has been intensively studied as an efficient approach to further enhance their photocatalytic performance. However, various processing steps and post-treatments used in the preparation of facet-engineered particles may generate different surface active sites which may affect their photocatalysis. Moreover, many traditional techniques (PL, EPR and XPS) used for materials characterization (oxygen vacancy, hydroxyl group, cation, etc.) are not truly surface specific but analyzing a range from surface few layers to bulk. Accordingly, they can only provide very limited information on chemical states of the surface active features and their distribution among facets, causing difficulties to unambiguously correlate facet-dependent results with activity. As a result, this often leads to different interpretations amongst researchers during the past decades. As the publications of titanium and zinc ranked top two among studies of first row of transition oxides in the past decades, this thesis will firstly review on the disagreements generated among researchers when they correlated the performance of ZnO and TiO2 with their facet activities based on traditional techniques. As there are shortcomings of these techniques in producing truly facet-dependent features, some results can be misleading and with no cross-literature comparison. To address these issues, we have developed a new technique "probe-molecule-assisted NMR" which allows a genuine differentiation of surface active sites from various facets. This surface-fingerprint technique has been demonstrated to provide both qualitative (chemical shift) and quantitative (peak intensity) information on the concentration and distribution of truly surface features among facets. In light of the new technique, this thesis will revisit the facet-dependent photocatalytic properties and shed light on these issues.
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Verrière, Bruno. "Un mouvement pédagogique face au changement : l'A. I. R. A. P. : la pédagogie personnalisée et communautaire et les nouvelles technologies." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082168.
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C'est l'histoire d'un mouvement pédagogique d'éducation nouvelle de dimension internationale qui, après avoir connu une période d'extension, traverse aujourd'hui une phase de déclin depuis plus de dix ans. Or, le projet pédagogique de cette association est toujours d'actualité, en visant à promouvoir le développement de la personne de chaque enfant et son apprentissage de la vie communautaire. Après une comparaison avec le mouvement FREINET et l'étude de la manière dont elle est perçue par l'Enseignement Catholique, on cherchera comment envisager un nouvel élan pour cette association dans le contexte éducatif actuel et notamment par rapport aux nouvelles technologiesThis is the history of a new international education movement that, after a period of expansion, has been more than ten years going through a phase of decline. Yet, the education concept of that association, aiming at promoting for each child the development of his person as well as his initiation into community living, remains today fully valid. After a comparison with the Freinet education movement and after studying how AIRAP is perceived by the French Catholic education system, the present thesis explores how to envisage a new momentum for this association in the present environment for education, particularly in relation to emerging technologies
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Vagos, Maria Helena Dias. "Principais dificuldades/desafios dos enfermeiros no início de carreira face à aprendizagem obtida na licenciatura." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10478.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em EnfermagemTerminada a licenciatura existe a dúvida se os novos enfermeiros estarão preparados para entrar no mercado de trabalho sem dificuldades ou se será esta uma nova etapa de desafios com dificuldades inicias. Após quatro anos de conteúdos teóricos e de estágios curriculares em diversas instituições (hospitais, cuidados de saúde primários, maternidade e unidades de psiquiatria) deparam-se agora os novos licenciados em enfermagem com a primeira tarefa sem supervisão. Para todos os alunos que terminam o seu ciclo de estudos o primeiro e grande desafio / objetivo é o conseguir o primeiro emprego na sua área de estudos. Todavia, nesta fase de pandemia que o mundo atravessa, o primeiro desafio quase que deixa de existir, pois a escassez de profissionais de saúde leva a que todos consigam trabalho quase de imediato, passando assim para primeiro desafio / dificuldades outras situações no início da carreira profissional.
With the graduation concluded occurs a question. Whether newly graduated nurses will be ready to participate in the labour market effortlessly. Or they will be contemplated with initial challenges. After four years of theoretical learning and curricular apprenticeship in numerous insti-tutions (hospitals, primary health care, maternities, and psychiatry units), newly accred-ited nurses are encountered with the first unsupervised task. For all newly graduated students, the first major hurdle is finding a suitable job in the field. However, in this current pandemic, this obstacle doesn't occur, due to the scarcity of nurses. With this fact, the next major nuisance is another in the unfolding of their career.
N/A
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Davidson, Lance Eric. "Physical Activity and Changes in Abdominal Fat Over 18 Months: A Prospective Study of Middle-Aged Women." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1140.
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Objective: To investigate the extent to which changes in physical activity predict changes in abdominal fat in women over an 18-month period, while statistically controlling the effects of possible confounders, such as age, total body fat percent, and energy intake. Design: A prospective cohort design over 18 months. There was no intervention or treatment. Changes in objectively-measured physical activity were used to predict changes in abdominal fat over the study period. Subjects: 110 healthy, middle-aged women (mean: 41.3±3.3 yrs), primarily Caucasian, educated, and married. Measurements: An objective measure of physical activity (ACT) using CSA accelerometers, worn continuously for 7 consecutive days at baseline and again at follow-up. Total body fat and abdominal fat percent were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Energy intake was estimated using 7-day, weighed food records for the days in which subjects wore accelerometers. Results: No significant change between baseline and follow-up means for abdominal fat, physical activity, or energy intake over the study period. Moreover, change in physical activity was not a significant predictor of change in abdominal fat, with or without statistical control of confounders. Change in energy intake was a predictor of abdominal fat (P=0.0688), and this association was strengthened after adjusting for age, baseline total body fat, and changes in physical activity. Conclusions: Apparently, when measured using accelerometers, changes in physical activity are not predictive of changes in abdominal fat over an 18-month period. However, changes in energy intake seem to predict changes in abdominal fat. Evidently, increases and decreases in abdominal fat are more a function of energy intake than physical activity in middle-aged women.
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Pohlman, Laura E. "Changing Shape: The Evolution of Fat Female Characters in Contemporary American Film." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1459781168.
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