Relevant bibliographies by topics / FACILITATION CONDITION

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'FACILITATION CONDITION'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FACILITATION CONDITION"

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Turnbull, Rory, and Sharon Peperkamp. "The asymmetric contribution of consonants and vowels to phonological similarity." Mental Lexicon 12, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 404–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.17010.tur.

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Abstract Lexical priming is known to arise from phonological similarity between prime and target, and this phenomenon is an important component of our understanding of the processes of lexical access and competition. However, the precise nature of the role of phonological similarity in lexical priming is understudied. In the present study, two experiments were conducted in which participants performed auditory lexical decision on CVC targets which were preceded by primes that either matched the target in all phonemes (CVC condition), in the first two phonemes (CV_ condition), the last two phonemes (_VC condition), the initial and last phonemes (C_C condition) or no phonemes (unrelated condition). Relative to the unrelated condition, all conditions except CV_ led to facilitation of response time to target words. The _VC and C_C conditions led to equivalent facilitation magnitude, while the CV_ condition showed neither facilitation nor inhibition. Accounting for these results requires appeal to processes of lexical competition and also to the notion that phonemes do not lend equivalent phonological similarity; that is, vowels and consonants are processed differently.
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Bloom, Ronald L., Joan C. Borod, Loraine K. Obler, and Louis J. Gerstman. "Suppression and Facilitation of Pragmatic Performance." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 6 (December 1993): 1227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3606.1227.

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This study examines the effect of emotional content on the verbal pragmatic aspects of discourse production in right-brain-damaged (RBD), left-brain-damaged (LBD), and normal control (NC) right-handed adults. Subject groups were matched for gender, age, education, and occupation; brain-damaged groups did not differ on months post CVA onset and lesion location. Subjects were screened to ensure that they demonstrated adequate cognitive and visual perceptual skills to participate in the study. Pictorial stimuli were used to elicit discourse that contained emotional and nonemotional (procedural, visuospatial) content. Trained raters evaluated each discourse for appropriateness on seven verbal pragmatic features (e.g., conciseness, quantity, relevancy). Across all three conditions, the brain-damaged groups were impaired relative to NCs. In the nonemotional conditions, LBDs were particularly impaired in pragmatics, whereas in the emotional condition, RBDs demonstrated pragmatic deficits. Emotional content appeared to facilitate pragmatic performance among LBD aphasics and to suppress pragmatic performance among RBDs.
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Guazzini, Andrea, Elisa Guidi, Cristina Cecchini, and Eiko Yoneki. "Collaborative Facilitation and Collaborative Inhibition in Virtual Environments." Future Internet 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12070118.

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Worldwide, organizations and small and medium-sized enterprises have already disruptively changed in many ways their physiological inner mechanisms, because of information and communication technologies (ICT) revolution. Nevertheless, the still ongoing COVID-19 worldwide emergency definitely promoted a wide adoption of teleworking modalities for many people around the world, making it more relevant than before to understand the real impact of virtual environments (VEs) on teamwork dynamics. From a psychological point of view, a critical question about teleworking modalities is how the social and cognitive dynamics of collaborative facilitation and collaborative inhibition would affect teamwork within VEs. This study analyzed the impact of a virtual environment (VE) on the recall of individuals and members of nominal and collaborative groups. The research assessed costs and benefits for collaborative retrieval by testing the effect of experimental conditions, stimulus materials, group size, experimental conditions order, anxiety state, personality traits, gender group composition and social interactions. A total of 144 participants were engaged in a virtual Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) classical paradigm, which involved remembering word lists across two successive sessions, in one of four protocols: I-individual/nominal, I I -nominal/individual, I I I -nominal/collaborative, I V -collaborative/nominal. Results suggested, in general, a reduced collaborative inhibition effect in the collaborative condition than the nominal and individual condition. A combined effect between experimental condition and difficulty of the task appears to explain the presence of collaborative inhibition or facilitation. Nominal groups appeared to enhance the collaborative groups’ performance when virtual nominal groups come before collaborative groups. Variables such as personality traits, gender and social interactions may have a contribution to collaborative retrieval. In conclusion, this study indicated how VEs could maintain those peculiar social dynamics characterizing the participants’ engagement in a task, both working together and individually, and could affect their intrinsic motivation as well as performances. These results could be exploited in order to design brand new and evidenced-based practices, to improve teleworking procedures and workers well-being, as well as teleworking teamwork effectiveness.
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Pitarque, Alfonso, and Belén Sáez. "The Role of Perceptual Information in Familiarity-Based Scene Recognition." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 3 (November 2012): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n3.39383.

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A method to analyze the role of familiarity in recognizing pictures of everyday scenes is introduced. The idea is to manipulate two within-subjects conditions: an experimental condition where the scenes repeat perceptual information (e.g. buildings and/or vehicles) and a control condition. The results show the two conditions did not differ in terms of hit rates, but in the experimental condition there were significantly fewer false alarms, yielding better results, which supports the findings of past research studies that have used verbal materials. This perceptual facilitation was maintained throughout a week-long retention interval. Finally, a detailed analysis of this facilitation shows it was due to a significant reduction in false alarms on know judgments, emphasizing familiarity's role in explaining this effect.
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Vamecq, Joseph, Karine Mention-Mulliez, Francis Leclerc, and Dries Dobbelaere. "Opioid Facilitation of β-Adrenergic Blockade: A New Pharmacological Condition?" Pharmaceuticals 8, no. 4 (September 25, 2015): 664–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph8040664.

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Lee, Daeyeol, and Joseph G. Malpeli. "Effects of Saccades on the Activity of Neurons in the Cat Lateral Geniculate Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 922–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.922.

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Lee, Daeyeol and Joseph G. Malpeli. Effects of saccades on the activity of neurons in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 922–936, 1998. Effects of saccades on individual neurons in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were examined under two conditions: during spontaneous saccades in the dark and during stimulation by large, uniform flashes delivered at various times during and after rewarded saccades made to small visual targets. In the dark condition, a suppression of activity began 200–300 ms before saccade start, peaked ∼100 ms before saccade start, and smoothly reversed to a facilitation of activity by saccade end. The facilitation peaked 70–130 ms after saccade end and decayed during the next several hundred milliseconds. The latency of the facilitation was related inversely to saccade velocity, reaching a minimum for saccades with peak velocity >70–80°/s. Effects of saccades on visually evoked activity were remarkably similar: a facilitation began at saccade end and peaked 50–100 ms later. When matched for saccade velocity, the time courses and magnitudes of postsaccadic facilitation for activity in the dark and during visual stimulation were identical. The presaccadic suppression observed in the dark condition was similar for X and Y cells, whereas the postsaccadic facilitation was substantially stronger for X cells, both in the dark and for visually evoked responses. This saccade-related regulation of geniculate transmission appears to be independent of the conditions under which the saccade is evoked or the state of retinal input to the LGN. The change in activity from presaccadic suppression to postsaccadic facilitation amounted to an increase in gain of geniculate transmission of ∼30%. This may promote rapid central registration of visual inputs by increasing the temporal contrast between activity evoked by an image near the end of a fixation and that evoked by the image immediately after a saccade.
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Perozzi, Joseph A. "A Pilot Study of Language Facilitation for Bilingual, Language-Handicapped Children." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 50, no. 4 (November 1985): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5004.403.

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Three Spanish-speaking (SS) and 3 English-Speaking (ES) preschool children served as subjects. One SS subject was diagnosed as having mild language delay, 1 as being language disordered, and 1 as having normal language. One ES subject was diagnosed as having mild language delay and 2 as having normal language. A within-subject design wherein Condition A consisted of teaching receptive vocabulary in L1 (native language) followed by L2 (second language) and Condition B consisted of teaching receptive vocabulary in L2 followed by L1 was utilized. The sequence of conditions was ABBA for each subject. Analysis of each subject's trials to criterion for L2 in each condition indicated a strong tendency for recently learned receptive vocabulary in L1 to facilitate the learning of receptive vocabulary in L2. The results are interpreted as support for the practice of initial language intervention in L1 when bilingualism is a goal and for transference/facilitation theories of L2 learning.
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Anggiat, Lucky. "Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation approach for low back pain: A review study." International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Health Research 6, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/sportmed.6113.

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Introduction: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is an exercise based on neuromuscular control by stimulation of proprioceptors. The PNF exercise is more popular in the treatment of neurological problems than for musculoskeletal disorders. Numerous research has been done on its application on low back pain (LBP) condition. However, there is not many studies review the application of PNF approach on LBP condition. The aim of this study is to review the PNF approach and explore on its effect on LBP condition. Method: This research uses a simple research literature review method. Data were collected through searches on research article databases such as Google Scholar and health research databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane PEDro and other scientific journals databases. Result: After searching for articles from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane and PEDro databases, several research results were obtained on the use of PNF in LBP conditions with the following results. There were 19 researches that has been published provided by the databases. Conclusions: All studies have shown that the PNF approach in patients with LBP, whether chronic or not, is sufficient to provide beneficial effects in reducing pain, increasing functional ability, postural control, trunk stability, the flexibility of the lumbar and hip, increasing FEV1 and increasing trunk muscle activity. Furthermore, in general, PNF also appears to be more dominant than other exercises for the management of LBP conditions.
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Snyder, Amanda L., Cay Anderson-Hanley, and Paul J. Arciero. "Virtual and Live Social Facilitation While Exergaming: Competitiveness Moderates Exercise Intensity." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 34, no. 2 (April 2012): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.2.252.

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Grounded in social facilitation theory, this study compared the impact on exercise intensity of a virtual versus a live competitor, when riding a virtual reality-enhanced stationary bike (“cybercycle”). It was hypothesized that competitiveness would moderate effects. Twenty-three female college students were exposed to three conditions on a cybercycle: solo training, virtual competitor, and live competitor. After training without a competitor (solo condition for familiarization with equipment), participants competed against a virtual avatar or live rider (random order of presentation). A repeated-measures analysis revealed a significant condition (virtual/live) by competitiveness (high/low) interaction for exercise intensity (watts). More competitive participants exhibited significantly greater exercise intensity when competing against a live versus virtual competitor. The implication is that live competitors can have an added social facilitation effect and influence exercise intensity, although competitiveness moderates this effect.
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Donnelly, Chris, Timothée Popesco, Julie Rossé, Bengt Kayser, Nicola A. Maffiuletti, and Nicolas Place. "Acute Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Contralateral Plantar Flexor Neuromuscular Function." Biology 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111655.

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Contralateral facilitation, i.e., the increase in contralateral maximal voluntary strength that is observed when neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is applied to the ipsilateral homonymous muscle, has previously been reported for the knee extensors but the neurophysiological mechanisms remain to be investigated. The aim of this study was to compare plantar flexor contralateral facilitation between a submaximal voluntary contraction (~10% MVC torque) and two evoked contractions (conventional and wide-pulse high-frequency NMES) of the ipsilateral plantar flexors, with respect to a resting condition. Contralateral MVC torque and voluntary activation level were measured in 22 healthy participants while the ipsilateral plantar flexors were at rest, voluntarily contracted or stimulated for 15 s. Additional neurophysiological parameters (soleus H-reflex and V-wave amplitude and tibialis anterior coactivation level) were quantified in a subgroup of 12 participants. Conventional and wide-pulse high-frequency NMES of the ipsilateral plantar flexors did not induce any contralateral facilitation of maximal voluntary strength and activation with respect to the resting condition. Similarly, no alteration of neurophysiological parameters was observed in the different conditions. This absence of contralateral facilitation contrasts with some results previously obtained on the knee extensors but is consistent with the absence of neurophysiological changes on the contralateral soleus.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FACILITATION CONDITION"

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DIGGS, ADAM LYNN. "A SINGLE SUBJECT STUDY OF FACILITATED COMMUNICATION UNDER FOUR PICTURE SELECTION CONDITIONS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin975333442.

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Bell, Chastity. "An Exploration of the Relationships Between Supervisees' Perceptions of Facilitative Conditions in Supervision, Clients' Perceptions of Facilitative Conditions in Counseling, and Client Outcomes." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5763.

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The counseling relationship has long been considered an essential part of the foundation of positive client outcomes in counseling. While many factors play a role in the therapeutic relationship, the facilitative conditions of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness have been the most-researched components of the Person-Centered construct of the therapeutic relationship. The supervisory relationship parallels the therapeutic relationship in many ways, and as the therapeutic relationship is critical to counseling, the supervisory relationship is foundational to effective supervision. While the facilitative conditions are empirically proven to contribute to positive client outcomes within the therapeutic relationship, the role of the counselor's supervisory relationship has been largely unexplored in its association to client outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the facilitative conditions perceived by the client during counseling, and the facilitative conditions perceived by the counselor-in-training during supervision. Additionally, these variables were tested for their ability to predict client outcomes. The sample of this study consisted of 88 clients and 55 counselors-in-training at a large university in the southeastern United States. Both clients and counselors-in-training completed two instruments to ascertain the quality of their counseling and supervision relationships. The Outcomes Questionnaire-45 was utilized to collect client outcomes data. Results validate a correlation between the client's perception of the therapeutic relationship and client outcomes, however there appears to be no relationship between the supervisory relationship and client outcomes. Further results of the study and limitations were discussed.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Dean's Office, Education
Education and Human Performance
Education; Counselor Education
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Irving, Pauline. "A reconceptualisation of Rogerian core conditions of facilitative communication : implications for training." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261045.

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Dyer, Antoinette B. "Conditioned taste and visual aversions in chicks: effects of social transmission of acquired behavior." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76323.

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Studies involving social learning have shown that social interactions are influential in directing an individual's behavior toward relatively neutral stimuli. The present study investigated the possibility that social interactions direct an individual's behavior toward aversive stimuli. Following aversion conditioning to a visual (red water) or taste (3% vinegar) CS, 80 chicks individually observed an audience of two conspecifics ingest the aversive CS or observed a nondrinking audience in the presence of the CS. Observation of a drinking audience reduced the magnitude of the aversion to the visual CS but not to the taste CS. This effect was demonstrated in latency to respond and in log intake. The differences in observational training effects found for the visual CS but not for the taste CS may have been due to differences in visual appearance between red water and vinegar. Percent intake data revealed no differences in strength of conditioning between red water and vinegar. Subjects were retested five days following the last day of initial testing. No evidence was found for observational training effects in retention. Findings were interpreted by the classical conditioning model.
Ph. D.
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Craven, Anna. "Electromobility in Sweden : Facilitating market conditions to encourage consumer uptake of electric vehicles." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176348.

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Herrick, Gregory Paul. "Facilitating higher-fidelity simulations of axial compressor instability and other turbomachinery flow conditions." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04042008-154030.

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O'Mara, Linda. "Peer led health promotion in high schools, constraining and facilitating conditions experienced by young women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58930.pdf.

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Stull, Anne K. "Conditional discrimination acquisition in young children : are the facilitative of naming due to stimulus discrimination? /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-3/stulla/annestull.pdf.

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Bobic, Marinko. "Minor Powers Confronting Major Powers: A Comparative Examination of the Conditions Facilitating Decisions to go to War." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368944.

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The political landscape of the world is constituted by states of varying degrees of influence and capability. Major powers have immense resources at their disposal, while minor powers are often constrained in terms of structure and material. Thus, for minor powers, engaging in conventional wars against much larger and more powerful states is potentially ruinous to their economies and endangers their political survival. While researchers have explored interstate asymmetric conflicts involving major and middle powers, this project specifically analyzes asymmetric conflicts between minor and major powers, focusing on the former, and the post Cold-war period. This research aims to analyze conditions, highlighted by theories on war, under which minor powers go to war challenging major powers. This research employs multiple theories, thereby establishing an innovative, pluri-theoretical framework. This theoretical framework works well with a mixed-methods approach, a medium-N research design (crisp set methodology in Qualitative Comparative Analysis), and three comparative case studies: Iraq (1990), Moldova (1992) and Serbia (1999). This dissertation finds that by looking through the lenses of multiple theories, one can observe a more nuanced relationship between conditions faced by minor powers in militarized disputes and their decisions to go to war against a major power. First, different combinations of conditions can result in conflict. Second, domestic crisis, not external threat, tends to be of primary concern to minor powers. Third, minor powers enter a war to win based on very modest expectations. Fourth, minor powers of autocratic regime type can also misperceive the situation through anomalous beliefs. The importance of the study stems from the observation that minor powers still fight conventional asymmetric wars, despite growing military capabilities of major powers. Understanding the risks, minor powers gamble, hoping to keep their political benefits. This study enhances our understanding of conditions shaping the occurrence of asymmetric conflict.
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Bobic, Marinko. "Minor Powers Confronting Major Powers: A Comparative Examination of the Conditions Facilitating Decisions to go to War." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1801/1/Dissertation_Bobic_For_Upload.pdf.

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The political landscape of the world is constituted by states of varying degrees of influence and capability. Major powers have immense resources at their disposal, while minor powers are often constrained in terms of structure and material. Thus, for minor powers, engaging in conventional wars against much larger and more powerful states is potentially ruinous to their economies and endangers their political survival. While researchers have explored interstate asymmetric conflicts involving major and middle powers, this project specifically analyzes asymmetric conflicts between minor and major powers, focusing on the former, and the post Cold-war period. This research aims to analyze conditions, highlighted by theories on war, under which minor powers go to war challenging major powers. This research employs multiple theories, thereby establishing an innovative, pluri-theoretical framework. This theoretical framework works well with a mixed-methods approach, a medium-N research design (crisp set methodology in Qualitative Comparative Analysis), and three comparative case studies: Iraq (1990), Moldova (1992) and Serbia (1999). This dissertation finds that by looking through the lenses of multiple theories, one can observe a more nuanced relationship between conditions faced by minor powers in militarized disputes and their decisions to go to war against a major power. First, different combinations of conditions can result in conflict. Second, domestic crisis, not external threat, tends to be of primary concern to minor powers. Third, minor powers enter a war to win based on very modest expectations. Fourth, minor powers of autocratic regime type can also misperceive the situation through anomalous beliefs. The importance of the study stems from the observation that minor powers still fight conventional asymmetric wars, despite growing military capabilities of major powers. Understanding the risks, minor powers gamble, hoping to keep their political benefits. This study enhances our understanding of conditions shaping the occurrence of asymmetric conflict.
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Books on the topic "FACILITATION CONDITION"

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J, Hazler Richard, and Barwick Nick 1959-, eds. The therapeutic environment: Core conditions for facilitating therapy. Philadelphia, Pa: Open University, 2001.

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Adolescent self-disclosure: Its facilitation through themes, therapeutic techniques, and interview conditions. New York: P. Lang, 1985.

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Trade facilitation and regional cooperation in Asia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2010.

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Irving, Pauline. A reconceptualisation of Rogerian core conditions of facilitative communication: Implications fortraining. [s.l: The Author], 1995.

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Ester, Kruk, Hummel John, Banskota Kamal, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development., SNV (Organization), and Nepal Tourism Board, eds. Facilitating sustainable mountain tourism. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 2007.

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1930-, McKnight-Taylor Mary, and Hoffnung Audrey Smith 1928-, eds. Facilitating communication in young children with handicapping conditions: A guide for special educators. Boston: Little, Brown, 1989.

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Valletutti, Peter J. Facilitating communication in young children with handicapping conditions: A guide for special educators. Boston Boston (Mass.): College-Hill, 1989.

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Morse, Susan C. Migrant students attending college: Facilitating their success. [Charleston, WV: Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools, Appalachia Educational Laboratory, 1998.

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Mushi, Philemon Andrew K. From didactic to facilitative approach: Establishing conditions for effective teaching and learning in higher education. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Dar es Salaam University Press, 2004.

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Quince, Thelma. 'Meet the parents': The importance of 'pre-conception' conditions in facilitating high-technology spin-out companies. Cambridge: ESRC Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "FACILITATION CONDITION"

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Tepper, Donald T., and Richard F. Haase. "Verbal and nonverbal communication of facilitative conditions." In Helping skills: The empirical foundation., 211–23. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10412-012.

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Cavieres, Lohengrin A. "The role of plant-plant facilitation in non-native plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 138–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0138.

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Abstract Biological invasions are one the most important drivers of the current environmental changes generating important biodiversity losses. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to understand the mechanisms underpinning biological invasions, most of them relate to negative interactions among native and invasive species, where the capacity for many invasive species to reduce diversity is often attributed to a greater competitiveness. However, neighbouring species can also show facilitative interactions, where the presence of one species can facilitate another directly by improving environmental conditions or indirectly through negative effects on a third party species. This chapter reviews the scientific literature on plant invasion, seeking examples of where facilitative interactions either among native and non-native plant species or among non-native species were demonstrated. There are several examples of native species that directly facilitate a non-native species, while examples of native species having a negative effect either on a native or a non-native species that compete with a target non-native, generating a net indirect facilitative effect of the native on the target non-native, are less numerous. Direct facilitation among non-native species has been reported as part of the 'invasional meltdown' phenomenon (Chapter 8, this volume). There are cases where non-native species can have a negative effect on a native species that competes with a target non-native, generating a net indirect facilitative effect among the non-natives. Finally, a non-native species can have a direct facilitative effect on native species, which might have important implications in restoration.
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White, Patience H., and Margaret McManus. "Facilitating the Transition from Pediatric-Oriented to Adult-Oriented Primary Care." In Care of Adults with Chronic Childhood Conditions, 3–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43827-6_1.

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Rogers, Carl R. "The basic conditions of the facilitative therapeutic relationship." In The Handbook of Person-Centred Psychotherapy & Counselling, 24–28. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32900-4_2.

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Astuti, Cindy Cahyaning, Bambang Wijanarko Otok, and Akbar Wiguna. "Social Influence and Facilitating Conditions Drive E-learning Adoption." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intellectuals’ Global Responsibility (ICIGR 2022), 44–52. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-052-7_6.

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Ezzaouia, Imane, and Jacques Bulchand-Gidumal. "A Model to Predict Users’ Intentions to Adopt Contact-Tracing Apps for Prevention from COVID-19." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 543–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_51.

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AbstractTechnological advances are increasingly progressing and have brought unprecedented solutions for real-world problems for various domains, particularly, when it comes to a health-related domain. This study aims to examine the predictors of users’ intentions to adopt contact-tracing apps for prevention from COVID-19. Based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2), our research model incorporates the following eight constructs: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived privacy, perceived value, safety and accuracy. The empirical results were obtained from a sample of 93 questionnaires (currently still in course). We used the partial least squares approach to test our hypotheses. The results reveal that performance expectancy has the strongest impact on the intentions to use contact-tracing apps. The accuracy, effort expectancy and social influence are also important, followed by perceived value, safety and perceived privacy. Facilitating condition is listed as much less important. The theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.
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Incaltarau, Cristian, Liviu George Maha, Karima Kourtit, and Peter Nijkamp. "Outmigration and Remittances as Facilitating Conditions for Economic Transition in Romania." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 143–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9275-1_7.

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Haugom, Jon Viktor, and Randi Tosterud. "The Use of Critical Response Process as a Debriefing Structure in Simulation Activity in Nursing Education." In How Can we Use Simulation to Improve Competencies in Nursing?, 65–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10399-5_6.

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AbstractIn the use of simulation activity as a learning approach, the debriefing phase is considered as crucial to achieve learning. In debriefing, the participants reflect and discuss what happened in the scenario. Feedback is an important factor, and research shows that there must be certain conditions present to achieve learning from feedback. The facilitator and the structure used impact on these conditions. In this chapter, we will present a new structure for debriefing in simulation based on a study focusing on how the structure affects the facilitator role.
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Sabbe, Shana, Lieve Bradt, and Rudi Roose. "Facilitating conditions for establishing social cohesion through structural approaches in community sport." In Community Sport and Social Inclusion, 83–100. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429340635-7.

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Bonnell, Tyler R., James Robert Ochieng, and Colin A. Chapman. "Conditions Facilitating a “Landscape of Fear from Disease” in African Forest Mammals." In Movement Ecology of Afrotropical Forest Mammals, 133–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27030-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "FACILITATION CONDITION"

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Kashimada, Chiho, Takumi Ito, Kazuki Ogita, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Kazuo Kamata, and Miyoshi Ayama. "Facilitation of listening comprehension by visual information under noisy listening condition." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Bernice E. Rogowitz and Thrasyvoulos N. Pappas. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.805659.

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Wang, Zhecheng, and Ruifeng Yu. "Effects of cognitive ability and social presence on performance of mathematical calculation and recognition memory tasks." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002673.

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For individuals, cognitive ability is often an important reference for predicting education level, academic achievement, and work ability. In many cases, people usually work or study in a group situation with co-actors. For example, many students study together in a classroom, or workers work together in a workstation. People in a group interact and influence each other, which means they become each other’s social presence. Some studies found that the cognitive ability of group members affected the overall performance of the group. Therefore, it is also necessary to consider the individual cognitive ability factors in the research of social facilitation effects. We are curious about whether group members’ difference in cognitive abilities would moderate the effect of social presence on his task performance when they complete tasks in a group situation. In other words, we are interested in the effects of social presence on the intensity or direction of social facilitation exerting on people with different cognitive abilities when completing cognitive tasks.This paper investigated the effects of individual cognitive ability, social presence and task difficulty on the performance of mathematical calculations and recognition memory tasks. The mathematical calculation tasks and memory tasks are two kinds of typical cognitive tasks that people often need to deal with in work or study. Moreover, the extant studies verified that the social facilitation effect existed in those tasks. Hence, this study selected them as experimental tasks respectively. A three-factor mixed design experiment was conducted. The Cognitive Ability factor had two levels: low and high, which were distinguished by the score of the Cognitive Ability scale. The difficulty factor had two levels: easy and hard. The social presence factor had two levels: alone and group. In the alone condition, the participant did the task alone in a room. In the group condition, two participants conducted the experiment face-to-face in the room at the same time. There were 4 experimental conditions of two within-subject factors (2 difficulty × 2 social presence). Every participant needed to finish a trial of easy tasks and a trial of hard tasks in both alone and group conditions. The trials were randomly and balanced assigned in a counterbalanced design to the 8 trials across the experiment used. Thirty-six participants participated in this study. The response time and accuracy rate were used to assess the task performance. The results indicated that, although cognitive ability had a significant main effect on the performances, the interaction effect between cognitive ability and social presence on task performance was not significant. There existed a two-way interaction effect between social presence and task difficulty on response time of both tasks. The findings provide useful information for work organization and task allocation in a group work.
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Gabriel, Anghelache. "Study on the Possibility of Facilitating Internal Combustion Engine Starting at Very Low Temperatures." In Subzero Engineering Conditions Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/920038.

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Ozutsumi, Takenori, Yuichi Niibori, and Taiji Chida. "Evaluation of Retardation Effect of Cesium Ions Through Groundwater Unsaturated Zone." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60979.

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Around near-surface underground, an unsaturated zone is formed in such porous layer composed of mainly silicate and silica sand. In the unsaturated zone in which pores are not completely filled with groundwater but also air, the migration of RNs is influenced by the presence of air phase. So far, though many studies have been reported about the unsaturated zone, little studies on the relation of the unsaturated zone and the migration of RNs have been carried out. In this study, the change of the migration of tracer ions in the unsaturated zone was examined by using a bed column, and analyzed by applying advection dispersion equation to the experimental results. As tracer ions, cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) were chosen in this study. These elements are the most important elements for the decontamination of Eastern Japan area caused by Fukushima the Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The experimental results showed the facilitation of the migration of tracer ions in the unsaturated zone. This causes the decrease in the sorption of tracer ions due to the inhibition of air phase. That is, the increase in the retardation effect by the clogging with air phase in flow paths was not remarkable. In the assessment of RNs migration under the unsaturated condition, these competing effects should be reflected adequately.
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Gröflin, Alexander, Dominic Bosch, Martin Guggisberg, and Helmar Burkhart. "Facilitating the Reactive Web - A Condition Action System using Node.js." In 11th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005446800890095.

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Kovienė, Skaistė. "PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FACILITATING PARENTS’ SHARING OF CHILDREN EDUCATION EXPERIENCES." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.1176.

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Teixeira de Melo, Ana, and Rita Campos. "Facilitating Scientific Events Guided by Complex Thinking: A Case Study of an Online Inter/Transdisciplinary Advanced Training School." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences InSITE 2022. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4927.

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Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to illustrate, through an exploratory ideographic case study, how a Complex Thinking framework can inform the design of scientific events and the facilitation of scientific Inter and Transdisciplinary groups towards positive emergent outcomes, both at the level of the functioning of the group and the collective complexity of their thinking. Moreover, it aims to show how the choice of facilitation strategies can contribute to positive emergent outcomes in the context of a fully online event, with its inherent constraints. Finally, this study aims to conduct an exploratory qualitative evaluation of the participants’ experiences during School, with a focus on the processes and how they relate to the aims of the School and the goals of the facilitation. Background: Science needs to embrace modes of knowing capable of generating more complex (differentiated, integrated, recursively organized, emergent), ecologically fit, and creative responses, to meet the complexity of the world’s challenges. New formats and strategies are required that attend to the facilitation of Inter and Transdisciplinary scientific events and meetings, towards creative and complex outcomes. A Complex Thinking framework provides suggestions for the facilitation of Inter and Transdisciplinary meetings and events through targeting key properties which may lead to the emergence of complex and creative outcomes. Methodology: We adopt an ideographic case study approach to illustrate how a complex systems approach, in particular a Complex Thinking framework, grounded in an enactive view of cognition, guided the design choices and the facilitation strategies of an online Inter and Transdisciplinary Advanced Training School (Winter School). We aim to illustrate how the facilitation strategies were selected and used to promote deep and creative interactions within the constraints of an online environment. We adopt an exploratory qualitative approach to investigate the participants’ reports of their experiences of the School, in light of the principles and goals that guided its design and facilitation. Contribution: This paper opens a new area of theoretical and applied research, under the scope of a Complex Thinking framework, focused on the facilitation of Inter and Transdisciplinarity at scientific events, meetings, and discussions towards complex and creative outcomes. Findings: The results of the exploratory qualitative analysis of the participants’ experiences regarding the event suggest a critical role of its methodology in fostering rich, deep, and constructive interactions, in leading to the emergence of a collective group experience, to the integration of ideas, and in facilitating transformative personal experiences, under the effects of the emergent group processes. It suggests that the strategies employed were successful, anticipating and overcoming the particular constraints of an online event. Recommendations for Practitioners: This case study suggests that a Complex Thinking framework can fruitfully guide the design of facilitation strategies and activities for scientific events and meetings, activating a number of key relational processes that contribute to or boost the emergence of positive group experiences and the production and integration of novel ideas. Recommendations for Researchers : This study calls for action-oriented and applied research focused on the developmental evaluation of innovations, regarding the facilitation of scientific creativity and integration, within the scope of a Complex Thinking approach. Impact on Society: This paper calls for new modes of organization and formats of scientific activities, suggesting that Inter and Transdisciplinary events and meetings may benefit from intentional management and facilitation of interactions between participants to produce transformative impacts. It demonstrates the importance of the organizational principles used to plan and run events that engage multiple and various societal agents, from academics to practitioners and social activists, towards enhancing their richness and relevance to complex real-world challenges. Future Research: This study highlights the need for process-focused systematic case study research using complex systems-informed designs to explore how and which facilitation strategies may promote which (interaction of) properties of Complex Thinking and associated processes and how, and under which conditions, these lead to more complex and creative outcomes.
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Collopy, Rachel. "Developing Preservice Teachers' Intercultural Competence Through Service-Learning: Investigating Facilitating Conditions." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1445978.

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Lim, Catherine Y., Andrew B. L. Berry, Andrea L. Hartzler, Tad Hirsch, David S. Carrell, Zoë A. Bermet, and James D. Ralston. "Facilitating Self-reflection about Values and Self-care Among Individuals with Chronic Conditions." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300885.

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Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ana, Erik Rúa, Joaquín Martínez-Sánchez, Mercedes Solla, Belén Riveiro, Pedro Arias, and Henrique Lorenzo. "Latest trends for condition assessment using non-destructive techniques." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1292.

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<p>Bridges are one of the most vulnerable assets within the transportation network. Ageing processes in combination with changing loading conditions make these assets especially vulnerable to structural damage and material degradation. To ensure the optimal operation, appropriate maintenance practices are required, and new techniques and methods facilitating a more accurate diagnostic and safety assessment are being demanded.</p><p>IM-SAFE project aims to fill the gaps in the existing European standards regarding monitoring, maintenance, and safety of transport infrastructure. This paper gathers information about surveying technologies with a focus on optical and radar remote sensing technologies. The final purpose of this article is to support the use of these technologies in the management of bridges and tunnels, and demonstrate the value of their information for the safety assessment of in-service structures.</p>
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Reports on the topic "FACILITATION CONDITION"

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Herrera, Diego, Walter Pereira, Ludmila Volochen, and Ana María Zárate Moreno. Open Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean: Great Opportunities, Large Challenges. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004937.

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This document is a comprehensive study of open finance, its context, and its value for the financial system in Latin America and the Caribbean. It also delves into the intricacies of the open finance ecosystem and analyzes its risks and opportunities. The document describes the status of the development of open finance in the region and discusses the challenges faced in implementing the ecosystem there. Finally, this text guides financial regulators and supervisors, considering international best practices and regional distinctions. This document examines how the regulatory framework can contribute to handing power over data to financial consumers, allowing them to obtain better conditions for accessing and using financial products with security and efficiency. These conditions translate into facilitating access to the financial market for financially excluded consumers, reducing the prices for financial services among those already served, and facilitating portability or switching between providers. A study of the region highlights the benefits of open finance, such as increased competition, greater financial inclusion, and reduced entry barriers for consumers, but also acknowledges the risks, including cybersecurity and consumer-protection risks. The document emphasizes the need for robust data-protection regulations, consumer safeguards, and technological infrastructure to establish a sustainable and secure open finance ecosystem. The objective is to understand open finance, its role in the modern financial landscape, and its potential benefits and challenges. This document also aims to establish principles for a specific regulatory framework that facilitates the development of open finance in the region. This research is a collaborative effort between the Financial Data and Technology Association and the Inter-American Development Bank through its FintechLAC initiative.
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Roland-Holst, David, Kamalbek Karymshakov, Burulcha Sulaimanova, and Kadyrbek Sultakeev. ICT, Online Search Behavior, and Remittances: Evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/fepw3647.

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Infrastructure has always been a fundamental driver of long-term economic growth, but in recent decades information and communication technology (ICT) has supported and accelerated the growth of the global economy in ways beyond the imagining of our ancestors. We examine the role of ICT infrastructure in facilitating labor markets' access and remittance flows for workers from the Kyrgyz Republic. Using a combination of traditional high frequency macroeconomic data and real time internet search information from Google Trends, we take a novel approach to explaining the inflow of remittances to a developing country. In the first attempt to model remittance behavior with GTI data in this context, we use a gravity model. We also attempt to account for both origin and destination labor market conditions, using Kyrgyz language search words to identify both push and pull factors affecting migrant decisions.
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Steegman, Ralph, Anne-Marie Renkema, Herman Verbeek, Adriaan Schoeman, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Yijin Ren. Upper Airway Volumetric Changes on CBCT after Orthodontic Interventions: protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0017.

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Review question / Objective: Does the volume of the upper airway change after an orthodontic intervention? P: growing subjects, adults; I: orthodontic treatment, dentofacial orthopedics, extractions; C: untreated subjects and/or non-extractions; O: volumetric changes of the upper airway measured on CBCT scans. Condition being studied: The primary objective of orthodontic treatment is to establish optimal dental and/or skeletal relationship in harmony with the soft tissue morphology and functioning. In addition, un-impeding or facilitating airway growth and development is an important objective, especially in patients susceptible for airway obstruction or sleep apnea. It is therefore important to look into the effect of various orthodontic treatments on the 3D volumetric changes of the upper airway. Compared with the use of traditional 2D lateral cephalograms, CBCT scans provide the opportunity to perform measurements in more dimensions on the airway with demonstrated reliability. This systematic review therefore includes studies using CBCT scans for evaluation of the airway.
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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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Parkins. L51806 Effects of Hydrogen on Low-pH Stress Corrosion Crack Growth. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010142.

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There is circumstantial evidence of hydrogen playing a role in, so called, low pH SCC of pipeline steel, but direct evidence for such is lacking. Resolution of this situation is of practical importance because of its implications for modeling. Thus, existing models for high pH SCC of pipelines are based upon a dissolution controlled mechanism of crack growth, but such models will not be applicable to low pH SCC if hydrogen is involved with the latter. Measurements have been made of the permeation of hydrogen into X52 and X60 pipeline steels at various potetials while exposed to a simulated ground water containing different amounts of carbon dioxide, related to the conditions thought to be associated with transgranular stress corrosion cracking of pipelines. As a consequence of these measurements it is now known unequivocally that hydrogen enters the steel for all such solutions over wide ranges of potential, including those most likely involved in the cracking of pipelines, and with such entry enhanced as the amount of carbon dioxide present in the solution increased. For a given set of environmental conditions, it was found that films on the surface of the pipe, such as may exist in service conditions, could hinder, but not prevent, the ingress of hydrogen. Hydrogen in steel is usually regarded as being trapped at dislocations, grain boundaries or interfaces between the matrix and second phase particles and measurements relating to such indicate that the X60 steel contains appreciably fewer traps than the X52 steel for equivalent charging conditions. However, the trapped hydrogen was found to have no significant influence on the ductility of the steels when subsequently tested in air, although the ductility was impaired by thxe continued ingress of hydrogen when equivalent tests were conducted in the presence of the charging solution. No convincing evidence has been obtained for the ingress of hydrogen into the steels facilitating the early stages of plasticity under exposure conditions relating to those involved in low pH stress corrossion cracking. The most probable mechanism of stress corrosion crack growth in pipeline steel in the solutions studied and at potentials likely to obtain in service involves both dissolution and hydrogen ingress to the steel, although the interactions of those two factors in the fracture process remain speculative.
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Alviarez, Vanessa, Cheng Chen, Nitya Pandalai-Nayar, Liliana Varela, Kei-Mu Yi, and Hongyong Zhang. Multinationals and Structural Transformation. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004726.

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We study the role of multinationals (MNCs) in facilitating firm-level and aggregate structural transformation. Using a stylized model of multinational production and trade, we show that an inward multinational liberalization in the manufacturing sector raises employment in host country firms, and decreases manufacturing employment, while also raising services employment, in the parent firms. We also show the conditions under which aggregate structural transformation occurs. We test the models firm-level predictions by using confidential microdata from Japan. We study the response of Japanese MNC parents and their affiliates in China to an exogenous change in China's openness to foreign direct investment (FDI). We find that in industries where inward FDI was encouraged, Japan MNCs' affiliates in China experienced increases in their employment. We also find that MNC parents in the encouraged industries experienced decreases in home country manufacturing employment and increases in home country services and R&D employment. Finally, using microdata for several advanced and middle-income countries, we decompose the change in overall manufacturing employment shares into MNC and non-MNC components. We find a significant role for MNCs across all countries, suggesting the mechanism we highlight is an important global driver of structural transformation.
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Sela, Shlomo, and Michael McClelland. Investigation of a new mechanism of desiccation-stress tolerance in Salmonella. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598155.bard.

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Low-moisture foods (LMF) are increasingly involved in foodborne illness. While bacteria cannot grow in LMF due to the low water content, pathogens such as Salmonella can still survive in dry foods and pose health risks to consumer. We recently found that Salmonella secretes a proteinaceous compound during desiccation, which we identified as OsmY, an osmotic stress response protein of 177 amino acids. To elucidate the role of OsmY in conferring tolerance against desiccation and other stresses in Salmonella entericaserovarTyphimurium (STm), our specific objectives were: (1) Characterize the involvement of OsmY in desiccation tolerance; (2) Perform structure-function analysis of OsmY; (3) Study OsmY expression under various growth- and environmental conditions of relevance to agriculture; (4) Examine the involvement of OsmY in response to other stresses of relevance to agriculture; and (5) Elucidate regulatory pathways involved in controlling osmY expression. We demonstrated that an osmY-mutant strain is impaired in both desiccation tolerance (DT) and in long-term persistence during cold storage (LTP). Genetic complementation and addition of a recombinantOsmY (rOsmY) restored the mutant survival back to that of the wild type (wt). To analyze the function of specific domains we have generated a recombinantOsmY (rOsmY) protein. A dose-response DT study showed that rOsmY has the highest protection at a concentration of 0.5 nM. This effect was protein- specific as a comparable amount of bovine serum albumin, an unrelated protein, had a three-time lower protection level. Further characterization of OsmY revealed that the protein has a surfactant activity and is involved in swarming motility. OsmY was shown to facilitate biofilm formation during dehydration but not during bacterial growth under optimal growth conditions. This finding suggests that expression and secretion of OsmY under stress conditions was potentially associated with facilitating biofilm production. OsmY contains two conserved BON domains. To better understand the role of the BON sites in OsmY-mediated dehydration tolerance, we have generated two additional rOsmY constructs, lacking either BON1 or BON2 sites. BON1-minus (but not BON2) protein has decreased dehydration tolerance compared to intact rOsmY, suggesting that BON1 is required for maximal OsmY-mediated activity. Addition of BON1-peptide at concentration below 0.4 µM did not affect STm survival. Interestingly, a toxic effect of BON1 peptide was observed in concentration as low as 0.4 µM. Higher concentrations resulted in complete abrogation of the rOsmY effect, supporting the notion that BON-mediated interaction is essential for rOsmY activity. We performed extensive analysis of RNA expression of STm undergoing desiccation after exponential and stationary growth, identifying all categories of genes that are differentially expressed during this process. We also performed massively in-parallel screening of all genes in which mutation caused changes in fitness during drying, identifying over 400 such genes, which are now undergoing confirmation. As expected OsmY is one of these genes. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify that OsmY protein secreted during dehydration contributes to desiccation tolerance in Salmonella by facilitating dehydration- mediated biofilm formation. Expression of OsmY also enhances swarming motility, apparently through its surfactant activity. The BON1 domain is required for full OsmY activity, demonstrating a potential intervention to reduce pathogen survival in food processing. Expression and fitness screens have begun to elucidate the processes of desiccation, with the potential to uncover additional specific targets for efforts to mitigate pathogen survival in desiccation.
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Sriraj, P. S., Bo Zou, Lise Dirks, Nahid Parvez Farazi, Elliott Lewis, and Jean Paul Manzanarez. Maritime Freight Data Collection Systems and Database to Support Performance Measures and Market Analyses. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-021.

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The Illinois Marine Transportation System (IMTS) is a key component of the nation’s inland waterway system. IMTS is comprised of 27 locks and dams, 19 port districts, more than 350 active terminals, and 1,118 miles of navigable inland waterways traversing along the borderline or within the state of Illinois. However, the infrastructure of IMTS is aging and its conditions are deteriorating. To monitor the performance of IMTS and guide infrastructure investment to enhance safety, efficiency, and reliability of the system, a comprehensive performance measurement program is needed. To this end, the objective of this project is to create an integrated, comprehensive, and maintainable database that facilitates performance measurement of maritime freight to, from, and through Illinois. To achieve this objective, a review of the literature on maritime freight transportation both in the United States and abroad was performed. To gauge practitioners’ points of view, a series of phone interviews and online surveys of Illinois’ neighboring state DOT officials, officials from the US Army Corps of Engineers, Illinois port district authorities, and carriers operating in Illinois was also conducted. With the findings from the literature review and an understanding of state DOT practices, the needed and available data sources for a maritime freight performance measurement program were identified. Building on all the above efforts, a first-of-its-kind PM database for IMTS was designed and developed, along with a detailed user manual, ready for IDOT’s immediate use and future updates. In addition, opportunities for IDOT to use the database to conduct analysis are discussed. Key programmatic recommendations that outline the role of IDOT as a champion and as a facilitator are further included. The outcome of this project will help IDOT gain much-needed knowledge of and develop programs to improve IMTS performance, increase multimodal transportation network capacity, and expand the transportation and logistics sector of the state, which ultimately benefit the people and economy of Illinois.
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
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10

Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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