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Journal articles on the topic 'Facilitation and competition'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Franks, Steven J. "Competitive and facilitative interactions within and between two species of coastal dune perennials." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-023.

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While there is substantial evidence for facilitation, the effects of such factors as stress and species identity on positive interactions remain controversial. At two coastal dune sites, I tested the hypotheses that facilitative interactions increase with increasing stress and disturbance along an environmental gradient and that facilitative interactions are stronger among heterospecific than among conspecific individuals. I transplanted Uniola paniculata and Iva imbricata plants into plots along with four conspecific neighbors, four heterospecific neighbors, or no neighbors across an environmental gradient. Neighbors increased target plant survival, suggesting facilitation, but biomass of targets was reduced by the presence of neighbors, suggesting competition. Unexpectedly, competition was greatest in the purportedly most stressful and disturbed zone. In this study, the outcome of neighbor interactions differed for biomass and survival and depended on position along the environmental gradient, but was independent of neighbor identity.Key words: competition, disturbance, facilitation, Iva imbricata, stress, Uniola paniculata.

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2

Ferretti, Francesco, Giada Pacini, Irene Belardi, Bouke ten Cate, Marco Sensi, Raquel Oliveira, Mariana Rossa, Lucia Burrini, and Sandro Lovari. "Recolonizing wolves and opportunistic foxes: interference or facilitation?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 132, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa139.

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Abstract The mechanisms of interactions among carnivore species range from facilitation (mainly through increased availability of prey carcasses) to competition. We assessed the potential for facilitative/competitive interactions between the two most widespread carnivores in the world, the wolf and the red fox, in a prey-rich area recently recolonized by the apex predator. One could expect that the superior competitor would ecologically suppress the inferior one, leading to avoidance of the former by the latter. In a Mediterranean coastal area (2017–2018), we assessed spatiotemporal and dietary interspecific overlap and investigated whether the recovery of wolves affected food habits of foxes. Spatiotemporal overlap was extensive (0.84–0.89). Wild ungulates were the staple of the wolf diet (~88–90%); foxes used mainly invertebrates and fruits (~78%), with ungulates being a substantial food category (13% of diet; 66% of occurrences among vertebrate prey). Interspecific dietary overlap was low (0.23), but extensive (0.89) for vertebrate prey. In comparison to a preceding wolf-free period, the volume and occurrence of large mammals in the diet of foxes showed a 2.8- to 3.5-fold increase. Apparently, foxes did not avoid wolves, which provided additional food to the foxes as prey leftovers. In a rich community, the presence of wolves may increase the food spectrum of foxes. Temporal variation of facilitation vs. competition should be assessed in relationship to spatiotemporal changes of predator–prey numbers.

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3

Lutscher, Frithjof, and Tzvia Iljon. "Competition, facilitation and the Allee effect." Oikos 122, no. 4 (September 25, 2012): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20222.x.

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4

Bertness, Mark D., and Scott W. Shumway. "Competition and Facilitation in Marsh Plants." American Naturalist 142, no. 4 (October 1993): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285567.

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5

Urcelay, Gonzalo P. "Competition and facilitation in compound conditioning." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition 43, no. 4 (October 2017): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xan0000149.

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6

Hart, Simon P., and Dustin J. Marshall. "Environmental stress, facilitation, competition, and coexistence." Ecology 94, no. 12 (December 2013): 2719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0804.1.

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7

Cusumano, Antonino, Ezio Peri, and Stefano Colazza. "Interspecific competition/facilitation among insect parasitoids." Current Opinion in Insect Science 14 (April 2016): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2015.11.006.

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8

Nakagawa, Yoshiaki, Masayuki Yokozawa, and Toshihiko Hara. "Indirect facilitation induced by competition among plants." Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE 7, no. 2 (2016): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/nolta.7.126.

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9

Montesinos, D. "Plant–plant interactions: from competition to facilitation." Web Ecology 15, no. 1 (March 24, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-15-1-2015.

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10

Arsenault, Randal, and Norman Owen-Smith. "Facilitation versus competition in grazing herbivore assemblages." Oikos 97, no. 3 (June 2002): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970301.x.

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11

Verdú, Miguel, Lorena Gómez-Aparicio, and Alfonso Valiente-Banuet. "Phylogenetic relatedness as a tool in restoration ecology: a meta-analysis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1734 (December 7, 2011): 1761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2268.

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Biotic interactions assembling plant communities can be positive (facilitation) or negative (competition) and operate simultaneously. Facilitative interactions and posterior competition are among the mechanisms triggering succession, thus representing a good scenario for ecological restoration. As distantly related species tend to have different phenotypes, and therefore different ecological requirements, they can coexist, maximizing facilitation and minimizing competition. We suggest including phylogenetic relatedness together with phenotypic information as a predictor for the net effects of the balance between facilitation and competition in nurse-based restoration experiments. We quantify, by means of a Bayesian meta-analysis of nurse-based restoration experiments performed worldwide, the importance of phylogenetic relatedness and life-form disparity in the survival, growth and density of facilitated plants. We find that the more similar the life forms of neighbouring plants are the greater the positive effect of phylogenetic distance is on survival and density. This result suggests that other characteristics beyond life form are also contained in the phylogeny, and the larger the phylogenetic distance, the less is the niche overlap, and therefore the less is the competition. As a general rule, we can maximize the success of the nurse-based practices by increasing life-form disparity and phylogenetic distances between the neighbour and the facilitated plant.

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12

Augustine, David J., and Tim L. Springer. "COMPETITION AND FACILITATION BETWEEN PRAIRIE DOGS AND LIVESTOCK." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 94, no. 2 (April 2013): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623-94.2.177.

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13

Tosti, Giacomo, Paolo Benincasa, and Marcello Guiducci. "Competition and Facilitation in Hairy Vetch-Barley Intercrops." Italian Journal of Agronomy 5, no. 3 (September 16, 2010): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2010.239.

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14

Goral, Mira. "Facilitation and Competition Following Treatment in Multilingual Aphasia." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 23 (2011): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.147.

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15

Tonioli, Maddalena, Joseph Escarré, Jacques Lepart, and Maria Speranza. "Facilitation and competition affecting the regeneration ofQuercus pubescensWilld." Écoscience 8, no. 3 (January 2001): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2001.11682666.

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16

Queijeiro-Bolaños, Mónica E., Edgar J. González, Carlos Martorell, and Zenón Cano-Santana. "Competition and facilitation determine dwarf mistletoe infection dynamics." Journal of Ecology 105, no. 3 (December 5, 2016): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12699.

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17

Sommer, Ulrich. "Phosphorus-limited Daphnia: Intraspecific facilitation instead of competition." Limnology and Oceanography 37, no. 5 (July 1992): 966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.5.0966.

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18

Sinnett, Scott, Salvador Soto-Faraco, and Charles Spence. "The co-occurrence of multisensory competition and facilitation." Acta Psychologica 128, no. 1 (May 2008): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.12.002.

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19

Powell, George W., and Edward W. Bork. "Competition and facilitation in mixtures of aspen seedlings, alfalfa, and marsh reedgrass." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1858–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-065.

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Increasing demand for aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and related poplar species is generating interest in their intensive cultivation. Successful establishment of aspen plantations requires minimizing the negative effects of associated plant species. Competitive and facilitative effects were isolated in field plots containing fixed-density mixtures of aspen seedlings, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and marsh reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.) in central Alberta. Although aspen survival was unaffected in mixtures, damage to aspen leaf area was lower when grown with either herbaceous species than when grown in monoculture, possibly reflecting facilitation through plant defense guilds. Over the first two growing seasons, net competition was expressed as most aspects of aspen growth were reduced. Herbaceous species reduced photosynthetically active radiation, soil moisture, and soil N available to aspen. Moreover, relative yield totals from the species mixtures examined consistently indicated either neutral effects (combined yields equaled monoculture yields) or underyielding. Despite this, evidence of facilitation was also found when aspen was grown with alfalfa, including increases of overall available soil N and transient increases in soil moisture with pulsed precipitation during drought. These results indicate that short-term facilitative aspects of aspenlegume mixtures may be exploited through an agroforestry scheme by appropriately timed harvest of the herbaceous component. Conversely, aspen establishment has limited potential for integrated production with marsh reedgrass.

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20

Piccardi, Philippe, Björn Vessman, and Sara Mitri. "Toxicity drives facilitation between 4 bacterial species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 32 (July 3, 2019): 15979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906172116.

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Competition between microbes is extremely common, with many investing in mechanisms to harm other strains and species. Yet positive interactions between species have also been documented. What makes species help or harm each other is currently unclear. Here, we studied the interactions between 4 bacterial species capable of degrading metal working fluids (MWF), an industrial coolant and lubricant, which contains growth substrates as well as toxic biocides. We were surprised to find only positive or neutral interactions between the 4 species. Using mathematical modeling and further experiments, we show that positive interactions in this community were likely due to the toxicity of MWF, whereby each species’ detoxification benefited the others by facilitating their survival, such that they could grow and degrade MWF better when together. The addition of nutrients, the reduction of toxicity, or the addition of more species instead resulted in competitive behavior. Our work provides support to the stress gradient hypothesis by showing how harsh, toxic environments can strongly favor facilitation between microbial species and mask underlying competitive interactions.

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21

Craig, Timothy P., Joanne K. Itami, and Peter W. Price. "Intraspecific Competition and Facilitation by a Shoot-Galling Sawfly." Journal of Animal Ecology 59, no. 1 (February 1990): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5164.

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22

Holmgren, Milena, Marten Scheffer, and Michael A. Huston. "THE INTERPLAY OF FACILITATION AND COMPETITION IN PLANT COMMUNITIES." Ecology 78, no. 7 (October 1997): 1966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1966:tiofac]2.0.co;2.

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23

Choler, Philippe, Richard Michalet, and Ragan M. Callaway. "FACILITATION AND COMPETITION ON GRADIENTS IN ALPINE PLANT COMMUNITIES." Ecology 82, no. 12 (December 2001): 3295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3295:facogi]2.0.co;2.

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24

Tealdi, Stefano, Carlo Camporeale, and Luca Ridolfi. "Inter-species competition–facilitation in stochastic riparian vegetation dynamics." Journal of Theoretical Biology 318 (February 2013): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.11.006.

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25

Droz, Michel, and Andrzej Pȩkalski. "Model of annual plants dynamics with facilitation and competition." Journal of Theoretical Biology 335 (October 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.06.010.

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26

Dickie, Ian A., Stefan A. Schnitzer, Peter B. Reich, and Sarah E. Hobbie. "Spatially disjunct effects of co-occurring competition and facilitation." Ecology Letters 8, no. 11 (October 6, 2005): 1191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00822.x.

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27

Leverett, Lindsay D. "Germination phenology determines the propensity for facilitation and competition." Ecology 98, no. 9 (August 2, 2017): 2437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1933.

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28

Levi, Taal, Kirsten M. Silvius, Luiz F. B. Oliveira, Anthony R. Cummings, and Jose M. V. Fragoso. "Competition and Facilitation in the Capuchin-Squirrel Monkey Relationship." Biotropica 45, no. 5 (June 12, 2013): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12046.

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29

Verdú, Miguel, Pedro J. Rey, Julio M. Alcántara, Gemma Siles, and Alfonso Valiente-Banuet. "Phylogenetic signatures of facilitation and competition in successional communities." Journal of Ecology 97, no. 6 (November 2009): 1171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01565.x.

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30

LANE, AMANDA M., and RICHARD SHINE. "When seasnake meets seabird: Ecosystem engineering, facilitation and competition." Austral Ecology 36, no. 5 (September 28, 2010): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02185.x.

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31

Cameron, Hayley, Tim Coulson, and Dustin J. Marshall. "Size and density mediate transitions between competition and facilitation." Ecology Letters 22, no. 11 (August 30, 2019): 1879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13381.

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32

Lei, Pifeng, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, and Jürgen Bauhus. "Belowground facilitation and competition in young tree species mixtures." Forest Ecology and Management 265 (February 2012): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.033.

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33

Brönmark, Christer, Simon D. Rundle, and Ann Erlandsson. "Interactions between freshwater snails and tadpoles: competition and facilitation." Oecologia 87, no. 1 (June 1991): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00323774.

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34

Al-Naimi, F. A., K. A. Garrett, and W. W. Bockus. "Competition, facilitation, and niche differentiation in two foliar pathogens." Oecologia 143, no. 3 (February 12, 2005): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1814-x.

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35

Applebaum, Lauren R., C. Aaron Price, and Anjylla Y. Foster. "Collaboration and Competition in Exhibit Facilitation Around Energy Literacy." Journal of Museum Education 46, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10598650.2020.1858268.

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36

Ariza, C., and K. Tielbörger. "Biomass explains the intensity of facilitative – not competitive – interactions: three intraspecific tests with annuals." Web Ecology 12, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-12-49-2012.

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Abstract. Despite efforts to discern the role of plant size in resource competition, the circumstances under which size-dependent plant-plant interactions occur are still unclear. The traditional assumption is that competition intensifies with increasing neighbour size. However, recent studies suggest that the size (biomass) dependence of competitive interactions is strongest at very low biomass levels and becomes negligible after a certain threshold neighbour biomass has been reached. We searched for the generality of such patterns for three common annual plant species in Israel. We monitored target and neighbour biomass along their entire lifecycle using an even-aged, intraspecific and intrapopulation competition screenhouse experiment under water-limited conditions. For all focal species, neighbour presence had a net negative effect on vegetative biomass at harvest. However, this was not explained by increasing neighbour biomass over time, as a consistent pattern of size-dependent facilitative, rather than competitive, interactions was observed at all life stages. We explain these observations in terms of co-occurring aboveground facilitation and dominant belowground competition for water. Since our findings are the first of their kind and contradict theoretical predictions of biomass dependence of net negative interactions, we advocate further experiments addressing size dependence in interactions among plants. In particular, theoretical models addressing size dependence of positive interactions must be developed.

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37

Torres, J. J., J. M. Cortes, J. Marro, and H. J. Kappen. "Competition Between Synaptic Depression and Facilitation in Attractor Neural Networks." Neural Computation 19, no. 10 (October 2007): 2739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.10.2739.

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We study the effect of competition between short-term synaptic depression and facilitation on the dynamic properties of attractor neural networks, using Monte Carlo simulation and a mean-field analysis. Depending on the balance of depression, facilitation, and the underlying noise, the network displays different behaviors, including associative memory and switching of activity between different attractors. We conclude that synaptic facilitation enhances the attractor instability in a way that (1) intensifies the system adaptability to external stimuli, which is in agreement with experiments, and (2) favors the retrieval of information with less error during short time intervals.

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38

McKenzie, Scott W., Adam J. Vanbergen, Rosemary S. Hails, T. Hefin Jones, and Scott N. Johnson. "Reciprocal feeding facilitation between above- and below-ground herbivores." Biology Letters 9, no. 5 (October 23, 2013): 20130341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0341.

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Interspecific interactions between insect herbivores predominantly involve asymmetric competition. By contrast, facilitation, whereby herbivory by one insect benefits another via induced plant susceptibility, is uncommon. Positive reciprocal interactions between insect herbivores are even rarer. Here, we reveal a novel case of reciprocal feeding facilitation between above-ground aphids ( Amphorophora idaei ) and root-feeding vine weevil larvae ( Otiorhynchus sulcatus ), attacking red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ). Using two raspberry cultivars with varying resistance to these herbivores, we further demonstrate that feeding facilitation occurred regardless of host plant resistance. This positive reciprocal interaction operates via an, as yet, unreported mechanism. Specifically, the aphid induces compensatory growth, possibly as a prelude to greater resistance/tolerance, whereas the root herbivore causes the plant to abandon this strategy. Both herbivores may ultimately benefit from this facilitative interaction.

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39

French, Kris, Sharon Robinson, Liza Smith, and Eva Watts. "Facilitation, competition and parasitic facilitation amongst invasive and native liana seedlings and a native tree seedling." NeoBiota 36 (August 14, 2017): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.36.13842.

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40

Bashant, Janelle, Michael Somers, Lourens Swanepoel, and Fredrik Dalerum. "Facilitation or Competition? Effects of Lions on Brown Hyaenas and Leopards." Diversity 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090325.

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Intra-guild interactions related to facilitation and competition can be strong forces structuring ecological communities and have been suggested as particularly prominent for large carnivores. The African lion (Panthera leo) is generally thought to be a dominant predator where it occurs and can be expected to have broad effects on sympatric carnivore communities. We used data from two small game reserves in northern South Africa to relate the presence of African lions to abundance, habitat use, diet, and prey selection of two sympatric large carnivores, brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea) and leopards (Panthera pardus). Our results offered some support for the facilitative effects of lions on brown hyaenas, and competitive effects on leopards. However, differences between populations living without and with lions were restricted to broad diet composition and appear not to have permeated into differences in either prey selection, abundance or habitat use. Therefore, we suggest that the potential effects of lions on the predator–prey interactions of sympatric predators may have been context dependent or absent, and subsequently argue that lions may not necessarily influence the predator–prey dynamics in the landscapes they live in beyond those caused by their own predatory behaviour.

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41

Bertness, Mark D. "Intraspecific Competition and Facilitation in a Northern Acorn Barnacle Population." Ecology 70, no. 1 (February 1989): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938431.

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42

Cavard, Xavier, Yves Bergeron, Han Y. H. Chen, David Paré, Jérôme Laganière, and Brian Brassard. "Competition and facilitation between tree species change with stand development." Oikos 120, no. 11 (April 19, 2011): 1683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19294.x.

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43

Thonar, Cécile, Emmanuel Frossard, Petr Šmilauer, and Jan Jansa. "Competition and facilitation in synthetic communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Molecular Ecology 23, no. 3 (January 22, 2014): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12625.

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44

Vellend, Mark. "Effects of diversity on diversity: consequences of competition and facilitation." Oikos 117, no. 7 (May 8, 2008): 1075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16698.x.

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45

MIRITI, MARIA N. "Ontogenetic shift from facilitation to competition in a desert shrub." Journal of Ecology 94, no. 5 (September 2006): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01138.x.

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46

Verdú, Miguel, Pedro Jordano, and Alfonso Valiente-Banuet. "The phylogenetic structure of plant facilitation networks changes with competition." Journal of Ecology 98, no. 6 (September 14, 2010): 1454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01731.x.

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47

Zanini, Lessandra, Gislene Ganade, and Ingo Hübel. "Facilitation and competition influence succession in a subtropical old field." Plant Ecology 185, no. 2 (March 12, 2006): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-9093-0.

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48

GOR, KIRA. "Phonological priming and the role of phonology in nonnative word recognition." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 3 (February 13, 2018): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000056.

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Research on nonnative auditory word recognition makes use of a lexical decision task with phonological priming to explore the role of phonological form in nonnative lexical access. In a medium-lag lexical decision task with phonological priming, nonnative speakers treat minimal pairs of words differentiated by a difficult phonological contrast as a repetition of the same word. While native speakers show facilitation in medium-lag priming only for identical word pairs, nonnative speakers also show facilitation for minimal pairs. In short-lag phonological priming, when the prime and the target have phonologically overlapping onsets, nonnative speakers show facilitation, while native speakers show inhibition. This review discusses two possible reasons for facilitation in nonnative phonological priming: reduced sensitivity to nonnative phonological contrasts, and reduced lexical competition of nonnative words with underdifferentiated, or fuzzy phonolexical representations. Nonnative words may be processed sublexically, which leads to sublexical facilitation instead of the inhibition resulting from lexical competition.

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49

Trautz, Andrew C., Tissa H. Illangasekare, and Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe. "Role of co-occurring competition and facilitation in plant spacing hydrodynamics in water-limited environments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 35 (August 14, 2017): 9379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706046114.

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Plant performance (i.e., fecundity, growth, survival) depends on an individual’s access to space and resources. At the community level, plant performance is reflected in observable vegetation patterning (i.e., spacing distance, density) often controlled by limiting resources. Resource availability is, in turn, strongly dependent on plant patterning mediated by competitive and facilitative plant–plant interactions. Co-occurring competition and facilitation has never been specifically investigated from a hydrodynamic perspective. To address this knowledge gap, and to overcome limitations of field studies, three intermediate-scale laboratory experiments were conducted using a climate-controlled wind tunnel–porous media test facility to simulate the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. The spacing between two synthetic plants, a design consideration introduced by the authors in a recent publication, was varied between experiments; edaphic and mean atmospheric conditions were held constant. The strength of the above- and belowground plant–plant interactions changed with spacing distance, allowing the creation of a hydrodynamic conceptual model based on established ecological theories. Greatest soil water loss was observed for the experiment with the smallest spacing where competition dominated. Facilitation dominated at the intermediate spacing; little to no interactions were observed for the largest plant spacing. Results suggest that there exists an optimal spacing distance range that lowers plant environmental stress, thus improving plant performance through reduced atmospheric demand and conservation of available soil water. These findings may provide a foundation for improving our understanding of many climatological, ecohydrological, and hydrological problems pertaining to the hydrodynamics of water-limited environments where plant–plant interactions and community self-organization are important.

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50

Lortie, C. J., and R. M. Callaway. "David and Goliath: comparative use of facilitation and competition studies in the plant ecology literature." Web Ecology 9, no. 1 (June 17, 2009): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-9-54-2009.

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Abstract. Competition and facilitation are extensively studied in plant ecology and are central to ecological theory. However, these processes do not occur in isolation from each other and should be studied concurrently and synthetically. Here, we compare the relative citation success of studies that focus on either side of the same interaction coin in terms of number of publications and citations per publication in six of the following major themes in plant ecology: biogeography, populations, communities, ecosystems, evolution and conservation. There were eight times more publications on plant competition than on facilitation but this is not surprising given its long history of comprehensive and relatively exclusive study in plant ecology. Although studies of facilitation comprised a smaller body of literature, the mean citation rate for each publication was equivalent to that of competition studies. Thus, facilitation studies are being used as much as competition. These patterns of use by the ecological community clearly indicate that both aspects of plant interactions address broad themes and that studies on plant interactions should now strive to either test both simultaneously or at the very minimum include interpretations and relevant literature from both sets of ideas. Importantly, these broad trends illustrate the old axiom that quality and not quantity of studies may be a consideration in the success of a sub-discipline.

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