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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Facilitation and competition

Academic literature on the topic 'Facilitation and competition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Facilitation and competition"

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Franks, Steven J. "Competitive and facilitative interactions within and between two species of coastal dune perennials." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-023.

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While there is substantial evidence for facilitation, the effects of such factors as stress and species identity on positive interactions remain controversial. At two coastal dune sites, I tested the hypotheses that facilitative interactions increase with increasing stress and disturbance along an environmental gradient and that facilitative interactions are stronger among heterospecific than among conspecific individuals. I transplanted Uniola paniculata and Iva imbricata plants into plots along with four conspecific neighbors, four heterospecific neighbors, or no neighbors across an environmental gradient. Neighbors increased target plant survival, suggesting facilitation, but biomass of targets was reduced by the presence of neighbors, suggesting competition. Unexpectedly, competition was greatest in the purportedly most stressful and disturbed zone. In this study, the outcome of neighbor interactions differed for biomass and survival and depended on position along the environmental gradient, but was independent of neighbor identity.Key words: competition, disturbance, facilitation, Iva imbricata, stress, Uniola paniculata.

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Ferretti, Francesco, Giada Pacini, Irene Belardi, Bouke ten Cate, Marco Sensi, Raquel Oliveira, Mariana Rossa, Lucia Burrini, and Sandro Lovari. "Recolonizing wolves and opportunistic foxes: interference or facilitation?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 132, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa139.

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Abstract The mechanisms of interactions among carnivore species range from facilitation (mainly through increased availability of prey carcasses) to competition. We assessed the potential for facilitative/competitive interactions between the two most widespread carnivores in the world, the wolf and the red fox, in a prey-rich area recently recolonized by the apex predator. One could expect that the superior competitor would ecologically suppress the inferior one, leading to avoidance of the former by the latter. In a Mediterranean coastal area (2017–2018), we assessed spatiotemporal and dietary interspecific overlap and investigated whether the recovery of wolves affected food habits of foxes. Spatiotemporal overlap was extensive (0.84–0.89). Wild ungulates were the staple of the wolf diet (~88–90%); foxes used mainly invertebrates and fruits (~78%), with ungulates being a substantial food category (13% of diet; 66% of occurrences among vertebrate prey). Interspecific dietary overlap was low (0.23), but extensive (0.89) for vertebrate prey. In comparison to a preceding wolf-free period, the volume and occurrence of large mammals in the diet of foxes showed a 2.8- to 3.5-fold increase. Apparently, foxes did not avoid wolves, which provided additional food to the foxes as prey leftovers. In a rich community, the presence of wolves may increase the food spectrum of foxes. Temporal variation of facilitation vs. competition should be assessed in relationship to spatiotemporal changes of predator–prey numbers.

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Lutscher, Frithjof, and Tzvia Iljon. "Competition, facilitation and the Allee effect." Oikos 122, no. 4 (September 25, 2012): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20222.x.

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Bertness, Mark D., and Scott W. Shumway. "Competition and Facilitation in Marsh Plants." American Naturalist 142, no. 4 (October 1993): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285567.

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Urcelay, Gonzalo P. "Competition and facilitation in compound conditioning." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition 43, no. 4 (October 2017): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xan0000149.

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Hart, Simon P., and Dustin J. Marshall. "Environmental stress, facilitation, competition, and coexistence." Ecology 94, no. 12 (December 2013): 2719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0804.1.

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Cusumano, Antonino, Ezio Peri, and Stefano Colazza. "Interspecific competition/facilitation among insect parasitoids." Current Opinion in Insect Science 14 (April 2016): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2015.11.006.

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Nakagawa, Yoshiaki, Masayuki Yokozawa, and Toshihiko Hara. "Indirect facilitation induced by competition among plants." Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE 7, no. 2 (2016): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/nolta.7.126.

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Montesinos, D. "Plant–plant interactions: from competition to facilitation." Web Ecology 15, no. 1 (March 24, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-15-1-2015.

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Arsenault, Randal, and Norman Owen-Smith. "Facilitation versus competition in grazing herbivore assemblages." Oikos 97, no. 3 (June 2002): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970301.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Facilitation and competition"

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Carlo, Joglar Tomas Ariel. "Competition and facilitation in bird-dispersed plants." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3178338.

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Lucenti, Krista. "Essays on international trade: antidumping, competition, and trade facilitation." Berlin dissertation.de, 2006. http://d-nb.info/990430650/04.

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Lucenti, Krista. "Essays on international trade : antidumping, competition and trade facilitation /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2008. http://www.dissertation.de/buch.php3?buch=5632.

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Höpfner, Ingo [Verfasser]. "Competition and facilitation among grassland plants - the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza / Ingo Höpfner." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071651420/34.

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Souza, Luanne Caires da Cruz. "Facilitation and competition in coastal dunes: meta-analysis of determinants of plant interactions." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-22102018-145200/.

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Plants established next to other plants may have their performance positively or negatively affected by their neighbors, which characterizes interactions of facilitation and competiton, respectively. Facilitation and competition, however, may occur simultaneously and understanding which one predominates in pairwise interactions under different ecological contexts is important to comprehend the structure of plant communities. According to the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH), facilitation is expected to prevail in more severe environments, but the outcome of interactions may change depending on features of interacting individuals, such as life form and ontogenetic stages. As harsh conditions and high diversity of plant life-forms are characteristic of coastal dunes, the amount of studies about plant interactions has been rapidly increasing in these ecosystems, with apparent divergent conclusions. However, until now, there is not a systematic and quantitative synthesis about the factors affecting the net outcome of facilitation and competition in these ecosystems. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of environmental stress and the simultaneous influence of plant life form and ontogenetic stage on the outcome of facilitation and competition in coastal dunes around the world. We used four performance measures to estimate the outcome of interactions: abundance, survival, growth, and reproduction. Contrary to what was expected by SGH, we found that negative impacts of neighbors on plant reproduction increase towards more arid conditions, but this effect was not observed for other performance measures. Our results also indicate that woody neighbors facilitate the survival of woody seedlings and the reproduction of herbs, while herbaceous neighbors facilitate the growth of other herbaceous plants. Overall, the outcome of plant interactions in coastal dunes depends on the performance variable measured and on both environmental conditions and plant features, indicating an interaction between these factors. Such interaction and different mechanisms underlying facilitation and competition should be more investigated in the future. The global scale of our meta-analysis supports generalization of important processes of succession and conservation in coastal dunes. Benefits of woody neighbors to the survival of woody seedlings corroborate the concept of successional feedbacks in the beach-inland physiognomic gradient, and our results reinforce the use of nurse plants in coastal dunes as a valuable tool to restoration of these endangered ecoystems
Plantas estabelecidas nas proximidades de outras plantas podem ter sua performance afetada positiva ou negativamente por seus vizinhos, caracterizando, respectivamente, interações de facilitação e competição. Considerando que ambas as interações podem ocorrer de forma simultânea, compreender o predomínio de cada uma delas em diferentes contextos ecológicos é fundamental para o entendimento da estrutura de comunidades vegetais. De acordo com a hipótese do gradiente de estresse (HGE), a facilitação tende a predominar em ambientes mais severos, mas o balanço das interações depende ainda das características dos indivíduos envolvidos, como forma de vida e estágio ontogenético. Como condições ambientais severas e alta diversidade de formas de vida vegetais são características de planícies costeiras, o número de estudos investigando interações entre plantas tem aumentado rapidamente nesses ambientes, com conclusões aparentemente divergentes. No entanto, ainda não há uma síntese sistemática e quantitativa dos fatores que afetam o balanço entre facilitação e competição nesses ecossistemas. Nós realizamos uma meta-análise em escala global para investigar os efeitos do estresse ambiental e a influência simultânea da forma de vida e do estágio ontogenético das plantas sobre o balanço entre facilitação e competição em planícies costeiras. Utilizamos quatro variáveis de performance para estimar o balanço de interações: abundância, sobrevivência, crescimento e reprodução. Ao contrário do predito pela HGE, encontramos que impactos negativos de plantas vizinhas sobre a reprodução de outras plantas aumentam com a aridez do ambiente, mas que esse efeito não é observado para outras variáveis de performance. Nossos resultados também mostram que vizinhos lenhosos facilitam a sobrevivência de plântulas lenhosas e a reprodução de plantas herbáceas, enquanto vizinhos herbáceos facilitam o crescimento de outras herbáceas. De modo geral, o balanço das interações depende da variável de performance medida e tanto de condições ambientais quanto de características das plantas, indicando que esses fatores interagem. Tal interação e os diferentes mecanismos subjacentes à facilitação e à competição devem ser melhor investigados no futuro. A maior sobrevivência de plântulas lenhosas na presença de vizinhos lenhosos corrobora a ideia de retroalimentação positiva no processo sucessional que caracteriza o gradiente fisionômico da praia ao interior. Nossos resultados também reforçam o potencial do uso de plantas-berçários como ferramenta para restauração de planícies costeiras degradadas

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Marberg, Mikael. "Climate, grazing and plant interactions : Does climate and grazing shape plant interactions in alpine environments?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-75722.

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Increased knowledge of plant interactions is important for our understanding of how ecosystems will respond to climate changes. Using four common low-herb and three tall- herb species as phytometers I measured the net outcome of plant interactions in an alpine environment by a neighbour removal experiment. Grazing and climate were tested as explanatory factors for differences in the outcome of plant interactions, with two altitudes representing different climates. The most important finding in this experiment is that competition is the dominating interaction among plants in this habitat, regardless of plant size, climate and grazing. Climatic exposure and grazing only influenced tall-herb species while low-herbs were mainly limited by competition, presumably for light. These results are important since facilitative interactions and net facilitation in plant communities are often reported to become more common in severe climates.

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Reed, Lewis. "COMPETATIVE EVQUIVALENCY OF CULTIVAR AND NON-CULTIVAR DOMINANT GRASSES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/166.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF LEWIS KENNEDY REED, for the Master of Science degree in PLANT BIOLOGY presented on October 30, 2009, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale TITLE: COMPETATIVE EVQUIVALENCY OF CULTIVAR AND NON-CULTIVAR DOMINANT GRASSES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL RETORATION MAJOR PROFESSORS: Dr. Sara G. Baer and Dr. David J. Gibson Multiple population sources of species for use in prairie restoration exist, including cultivars and non-cultivars of dominant native grasses. However, little is known about the competitive equivalency of different population sources of dominant C4 grasses and whether intraspecific variation in their competitive effect on the community scales to affect ecosystem assembly. In 2006, an experimental restoration was established in a former agricultural field using cultivars and non-cultivars of the dominant grasses (Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans, and Schizachyrium scoparium) and two different species pools of non-dominant species containing equal richness and distribution of species among functional groups. I evaluated inter - and intra-specific variation in the competitive equivalency of A. gerardii, S. nutans, and S. scoparium in terms of community response to their individual and complete (all three species) removal. Removals were maintained for two growing seasons, though little maintenance was needed after the initial treatment. The competitive effect of each grass species and population source was determined by calculating a response ratio for percent cover and above ground primary productivity between removal and control plots for each dominant grass individually, forbs, non-dominant grasses, and legumes which were each analyzed using a mixed model procedure for a split-split-plot randomized block design. Effects of removals on overall community composition were assessed using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). In addition I monitored changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the soil surface and inorganic soil nitrogen. Based on the 2008 data (after two years of maintaining removals), several important differences were detected between the focal species and in some cases the two sources of the same species in terms of their effects on neighbors, inorganic soil nitrogen, and PAR. Many of these differences depended on which species pool the comparison took place in. A 3-way interaction was detected between species pool, source, and removal treatment in the volunteer forb group (F3, 60 =3.28, p = 0.0268). Volunteer forbs showed a positive response to removal of cultivars of the dominant grass functional group in one species pool but not the other. A three-way interaction was detected between species pool, source, and removal treatment in terms of Bray-Curtis similarity (F3, 60 = 2.91, p = 0.0417). Within one of the species pools, similarity values of communities were higher between removals and controls in cultivar plots than in non-cultivar plots where A. gerardii was removed. While NMDS ordination showed separation of some plots by dominant grass source, within group variation was higher than among group variation and ANOSIM deemed this separation insignificant. Planted forb ANPP exhibited a significantly negative response to removal of S. nutans that was not observed in the other removal treatments (F3,41.1 = 3.09, p = 0.038) suggesting facilitation by the dominant grass on planted forbs. The aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of the subordinate community (i.e. all species except the dominant grasses) exhibited a 3-way interaction among species pool, dominant grass source, and species removed (F3,61 = 2.76, p=0.0499). This interaction resulted from a stronger negative response of subordinate community ANPP to cultivars of the dominant grass functional group removal than non-cultivars of this group that only occurred in one of the species pools. There was a significant main effect of species removed on %PAR at ground level (F3, 60 = 4.84, p = 0.0044). All removal treatments allowed higher penetration of PAR to ground level, with S. nutans and all dominant grass removal having the strongest effect. Inorganic N availability was lower in response to removal of A. gerardii cultivars compared to the removal of non-cultivars of this species in one species pool but not the other. Removal of cultivar S. scoparium lead to a positive response in total inorganic nitrogen while removal of non-cultivars of this species lead to a negative response in total inorganic nitrogen in this same species pool (F3, 51 = 3.61, p = 0.018). Results demonstrate that inter- and intra-specific variation among these dominant species affect some aspects of community structure and ecosystem properties, but these effects are not consistent among dominant species and among subordinate species pools. These complex interactions may have important implications for restoration and land management.

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Wong, Carmen Monica. "Understanding disturbance, facilitation, and competition for conservation of whitebark pine in the Canadian Rockies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42568.

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Understanding forest resilience to novel disturbances and how tree interactions will be affected by global change is critical for predicting future forest composition. The widespread decline of the endangered whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) in the Canadian Rockies due to non-native white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and native mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and Ips sp. permitted examination of interactions between disturbances and tree responses in high-elevation forests. Disturbance severity was high with 20-90% whitebark pine mortality over 50 years in 16 stands. Basal annual increment (BAI) of whitebark pines prior to mortality from mountain pine beetles declined 46%, but only by 25% for those subsequently killed by blister rust and Ips sp.. Climate-growth relationships suggest blister rust increased sensitivity of whitebark pines to variation in summer precipitation, reducing resistance to beetles. The mortality of whitebark pine was used as an in-situ experiment simulating neighbour removal to test the stress-gradient hypothesis of tree interactions. Facilitation intensity, determined by comparing subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) regeneration around live, top-killed, or dead adult whitebark pines, increased with elevation but depended on benefactor size and neighbourhood density. Large-diameter, top-killed whitebark pines were more facilitative than live trees, indicating thresholds in benefactor size, below which live, healthy trees were facilitators and above which they were competitors. Size thresholds were also found in interactions between adult trees where competition intensity increased between trees of greater diameter differences as indicated in BAI releases of subalpine fir after the death of neighbouring trees. Conversely, the importance of competition relative to other factors influencing growth increased between trees more similar in size and with abiotic stress. My results refine the stress-gradient hypothesis by demonstrating hierarchical influences on tree interactions. The predominant release from competition doubled subalpine fir’s BAI from the landscape average pre- disturbances compensating for the decline predicted by climate-growth relationships. Lack of regeneration and growth release in surviving whitebark pines and an abrupt shift in key variables suggest a regime shift to fir dominance and whitebark pine extirpation. Whitebark pine resilience was higher at sites of low abiotic stress and disturbance severity, relationships useful for conservation.

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Nascimento, Francisco J. A. "Trophic ecology of meiofauna response to sedimentation of phytoplankton blooms in the Baltic Sea /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38809.

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: In press.

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Boughton, Elizabeth. "Understanding Plant Community Composition in Agricultural Welands: Context Dependent Effects and Plant Interactions." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3954.

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Community composition results from an integrated combination of random processes, regional habitat spatial structure, local environmental conditions, and species interactions. For example, the outcome of plant interactions can change depending on local environmental conditions such as nutrient availability, land management, or herbivory intensity. In particular, plant interactions may vary between facilitation and competition depending on ecological context, with facilitation expected to be prevalent under stressful conditions. I present the results of four studies that address different aspects of the community assemblage and dynamics emphasizing the synergistic effect of different processes. In the first, I investigated the importance of habitat isolation in determining species richness of wetlands with contrasting land use. The second describes an experiment to test the hypothesis that plant interactions with an unpalatable plant (Juncus effusus) would range from competition in ungrazed areas to facilitation in grazed areas and predicted that facilitative effects of Juncus would differ among functional groups of beneficiary species and be strongest when grazing was intense. In the third, I examine the community composition impacts of Juncus and predicted that Juncus would preserve functional diversity in grazed wetlands but that the effects of Juncus would vary along a grazing gradient. The fourth study investigated the relative importance of competition and nutrients in determining wetland invasion in two different land use types. Broadly, I demonstrate that the importance of different processes (habitat isolation, nutrient availability, competition/facilitation) to community composition is dependent on ecological conditions. This integrated view of community dynamics is interesting from a purely ecological perspective but also can be applied to understanding ecological problems such as exotic invasions and restoration of disturbed habitats.
Ph.D.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Conservation Biology PhD

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Books on the topic "Facilitation and competition"

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Soloaga, Isidro. Moving forward faster: Trade facilitation reform and Mexican competitiveness. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.

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Varra, Lucia, ed. Dal dato diffuso alla conoscenza condivisa. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-177-5.

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At the present time, the tourist destination offers a stimulating laboratory for the experimentation of theoretical models and good practices on the subjects of governance, knowledge management and sustainable competition. Growing interest in the study of this territorial context gains impetus from the new approaches and tools that local administrations are starting to introduce in the phases of implementation and control of local strategies. In this respect, the Tourist Destination Observatory (OTD) represents an important innovation, offering a nerve centre for the aggregation and networking of heterogeneous data scattered over the territory as well as a model for the implementation of permanent approaches to social dialogue as prerequisites for the creation of knowledge and for an aware, shared, competitive and responsible development of the destination. The OTD can act as an efficient agent of local change, facilitating the processes of governance, and as a tool of knowledge management for the valorisation of intellectual capital. It is consequently a crucial support for the strategic repositioning of mountain resorts, which can represent valid responses to the emerging new modes of interpreting the holiday.

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author, El-Hifnawi M. Baher, ed. Facilitating trade through competitive, low-carbon transport: The case for Vietnam's inland and coastal waterways. Washington, D.C: The World Bank, 2014.

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Irving, Mark. Nurturing and facilitating communities of practice: Towards an understanding of learning communities as drivers of strategy, competitive advantage and shareholder value. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2002.

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Ivanov, Alexey Yurievich. BRICS and the Global Competition Law Project. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0006.

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Evolving BRICS cooperation in Competition Law and policy provides new hope. It aims to embrace the peculiarities of globalization in its current phase. All BRICS jurisdictions are desperately searching for a solution that shortcuts the developmental track. The group’s experimentalist energy and creativity are extremely important for the current phase of global economic development. Not only is an institutional structure of the global order in transition, but also the very nature of the global marketplace. The new global competition policy should focus on facilitation of openness among global networks and value chains through the reduction of the manipulative and exclusionary potential of networks. BRICS cooperation can help make the global marketplace fairer and more equal, and can promote competition encouraging a broader dissemination of knowledge and advanced technologies, while eliminating barriers imposed on the global flows of innovation by the global technological monopolies and cartel-like technological joint ventures.

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Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. Energy flow and species interactions at the edge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 elucidates the relationships between the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems at high altitude through the description of material cycles and food webs. Following the landscape continuum model, material cycling is profoundly influenced by the physical structure of the waterscape (e.g. vegetation cover); as a result a great diversity of energetic pathways characterize high altitude waterscapes, along an autotrophy–heterotrophy gradient. Similarly, high altitude aquatic food webs embrace a great diversity of trophic compartments, feeding strategies, and processes (trophic cascades and terrestrial subsidiarity) that are profoundly shaped by environmental harshness. Harsh conditions also generate stress gradients along which the strength and direction of species interactions (from competition to facilitation) and their functional role (e.g. as ecosystem engineers) are modified. The resulting structural and functional changes affect in turn species coexistence and trigger potential ecosystem shifts.

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Hanton, Sheldon. An examination of debilitative and facilitative competitive anxiety. 1996.

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Facilitating Deployment of Information and Communications Technologies for Competitive Manufacturing. Selbstverlag der Technischen Universitat, 1997.

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Gauthier, Ryan. Competition Law, Free Movement of Players, and Nationality Restrictions. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.26.

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This chapter examines restrictions that professional sports leagues and governing bodies place on the freedom of movement of professional players—both negotiated and imposed—and how these restrictions fit within the antitrust/competition and labor law regimes. This chapter engages in a comparison of the North American and European “models” of restrictions and finds that the North American “model” is more likely to withstand antitrust/competition law scrutiny. The North American model falls under the protections offered to collectively bargained agreements, while the European model currently faces scrutiny for potential violations of European competition law. Nevertheless, this chapter suggests that these two models are likely to converge as the internationalization of sport continues. European governing bodies may be pushed to negotiate with players more in the future, while North American leagues are already adopting “European” practices in regard to facilitating player movement among other professional leagues.

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Mahmood, Zaad. Party System. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199475278.003.0006.

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The chapter discusses the party system in the macro context of politics. It highlights the limitations of political party and interest group analysis without reference to the political competition that shapes behaviour in politics. The chapter discusses theoretically the impact of party system on labour market flexibility and proceeds to show the interrelation between party competition and the behaviour of political parties, composition of socio-economic support bases, and the behaviour of interest groups that influence reform. In the context of labour market flexibility, the party-system operates as an intermediate variable facilitating reforms. The chapter contradicts the conventional notion that party system fragmentation impedes reform by showing how increasing party competition corresponds to greater labour market reforms. It shows that increases in the number of parties, facilitates labour market reforms through marginalization of the issue of labour, realignment of class interests within broader society and fragmentation of trade union movement.

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Book chapters on the topic "Facilitation and competition"

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Halley, Duncan J., Cyril Taolo, and Stein R. Moe. "Buffalo and Elephants: Competition and Facilitation in the Dry Season on the Chobe Floodplain." In Elephants and Savanna Woodland Ecosystems, 172–85. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118858615.ch11.

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Takimoto, Gaku. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Facilitation and Competition in Ecological Communities: Population Persistence, Coexistence, and Species Diversity Along the Stress Gradients." In Diversity of Functional Traits and Interactions, 81–108. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7953-0_5.

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Heleno, Ruben H. "The effect of non-native plant invasions on the dispersal of native seeds." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 256–69. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0256.

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Abstract Non-native plants change the communities they integrate in multiple ways, including direct and indirect effects on co-occurring native vegetation. While direct effects are more obvious, indirect effects, i.e. those mediated by biotic interactions with other trophic levels, can also have pervasive consequences for long-term community persistence. Seed dispersal is a critical stage during the life cycle of most plants, as it lays the foundations for plant recruitment patterns and long-term vegetation dynamics. By interacting with seed-dispersing animals, primarily frugivorous birds and mammals, plants can positively or negatively affect the dispersal of co-occurring native seeds. In an increasingly invaded world, it is thus critically important to identify general trends on the direction and magnitude of these effects. This chapter reviews the empirical evidence supporting such changes and the potential underlying mechanisms driving them. While the direct impacts of plant invasions are relatively easy to document, indirect effects are much harder to detect. Nevertheless, the most important consequence of the incorporation of new fruiting plants into native communities seems to be a direct competition for the services provided by the local dispersers, negatively affecting native seed dispersal rates. However, another key message emerging from the literature is that responses are highly idiosyncratic, and usually habitat- and species-specific, and therefore resistant to broad generalizations. Fruiting phenology, and in particular the synchrony/asynchrony between the availability of native and non-native fruits, seems to be a particularly important driver of the direction of the responses (i.e. towards facilitation or competition). However, most evidence is still derived from anecdotal observations and formal community level assessments are largely missing. Similarly, how invasive plants change the emergent structure of seed dispersal networks remains uncertain, with early evidence suggesting that novel seed dispersal networks might be structurally very similar to native ones. Bringing together classic experimental designs and new technical and analytical tools to provide broad synthesis will be vital in the near future to clarify the direction, magnitude and generality of these effects.

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Bond, Gary R., Robert E. Drake, and Jacqueline A. Pogue. "Facilitating Competitive Employment for People with Disabilities." In Handbook of Disability, Work and Health, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75381-2_31-1.

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Bond, Gary R., Robert E. Drake, and Jacqueline A. Pogue. "Facilitating Competitive Employment for People with Disabilities." In Handbook of Disability, Work and Health, 571–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24334-0_31.

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Alemu, Rachel. "Efficient Radio Spectrum Regulation: Facilitating Competition in the Wireless Communications Markets in the Telecommunications Sector." In The Liberalisation of the Telecommunications Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa and Fostering Competition in Telecommunications Services Markets, 257–323. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55318-3_7.

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Kuebbing, Sara E. "How direct and indirect non-native interactions can promote plant invasions, lead to invasional meltdown and inform management decisions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 153–76. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0153.

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Abstract In 1999, Daniel Simberloff and Betsy Von Holle introduced the term 'invasional meltdown'. The term and the concept have been embraced and critiqued but have taken a firm hold within the invasion biology canon. The original formulation of the concept argued two key points: first, biologists rarely study how non-natives interact with one another. Second, nearly all the conceptual models about the success and impact of invasive species are predicated on the importance of competitive interactions and an implicit assumption that non-natives should interfere with establishment, spread and impact of other non-natives. In response, Simberloff and Von Holle called for more research on invader interactions and proposed an alternative consequence of non-native species interactions - invasional meltdown - where facilitative interactions among non-natives could increase the invasion rate or ecological impacts in invaded systems. This chapter outlines the primary pathways in which direct and indirect interactions among non-natives could lead to invasional meltdown. It provides examples of how different types of interactions among non-natives could lead to net positive effects on the invasion success of non-native plants or the impact of non-native plants on invaded ecosystems. Direct effects are by far the most commonly explored form of non-native- non- native interaction, primarily focusing on plant mutualisms with pollinators, seed dispersers or soil microbial mutualists. There are, however, also examples of non-native plants that benefit from commensal and even herbivorous interactions with other non-natives. Indirect interactions among non-natives are very infrequently studied. Although examples are scarce, non-natives may indirectly benefit other non-native plants through trophic cascades, apparent competition and indirect mutualisms. It remains unclear whether indirect effects are important pathways to invasional meltdown. More work is needed on studying ecosystems that are invaded by multiple non-native species and we need to consider the full range of interactions among non-natives that could either stymie or promote their spread, population growth and impact. Only then can we address how common facilitative interactions are relative to competitive interactions among non-natives or provide robust suggestions on how to manage ecosystems.

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Zhang, Fusuo, and Long Li. "Using competitive and facilitative interactions in intercropping systems enhances crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency." In Structure and Functioning of Cluster Roots and Plant Responses to Phosphate Deficiency, 305–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0243-1_26.

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Ward, David. "The role of competition and facilitation in structuring desert communities." In The Biology of Deserts, 102–23. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211470.003.0005.

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Ward, David. "The Role of Competition and Facilitation in Structuring Desert Communities." In The Biology of Deserts, 109–27. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732754.003.0005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Facilitation and competition"

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Coore, Daniel, and Daniel Fokum. "Facilitating Course Assessment with a Competitive Programming Platform." In SIGCSE '19: The 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287511.

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Yu, Martin Yuecheng, Karl R. Lang, and Alex Pelaez. "Evaluating Electronic Market Designs: The Effects of Competitive Arousal and Social Facilitation on Electronic Group Buying." In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2014.512.

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Lovrenčić, Sandra. "Knowledge Management as a Facilitator of Organizational Change." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.82.

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Natural, social, political, technological and economic environment of an organization constantly change making timely and relevant information and knowledge critical for competitive advantage and business success. Such constant changes can cause disruption and with it need for adaptation of business models, digital transformation and improvement of knowledge management systems. Digital business and digital workforce are being even more accentuated with ongoing epidemic and new information technologies emerge to help organizations in achieving their goals. Information technology is an important element of knowledge management that supports its processes of creation, acquisition, storage, sharing and application of organizational knowledge. Other important elements, or classic pillars, are organization, leadership and learning. They all include people and people really are key enablers of development and progress. Technology, processes and people in organization are intertwined;:they change and are changed by each other, and are specific for each organization. Knowledge management makes use of those connections to foster organizational change, but is also influenced and changed by them.

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Tang, Long. "ACM student research competition reception---A middleware approach in facilitating Web-Mobile-Desktop (WMD) application communication in distributed systems." In the 2006 ACM/IEEE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1188455.1188594.

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Polimenov, Mincho. "FOCUS ON COORDINATION OF OPERATORS ENSURING THE QUALITY OF SERVICE IN TOURISM." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.45.

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The report focuses on the quality of service in tourism and in particular on the quality of blanks and work processes in the various issuing units and their coordination in the overall production process. Investments are focused not only on improved innovations in machine software and equipment, but also on such tricks and connections in the production cycle providing a high level of service and culture of consumption. Facilitating the processes provides a level of competition and creates an opportunity for affordability in quality and price. Emphasis is placed on the flexibility of tour operators and the tourist product and tourist service they offer, their quality, organization and management. Satisfying the modern "global tourist" requires not only knowledge of the structure of the offered tourist product and service, but also seeks an answer to the question "How" to be created and implemented.

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Deng, Yue, Yilin Shen, and Hongxia Jin. "Learning Assistance from an Adversarial Critic for Multi-Outputs Prediction." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/688.

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We introduce an adversarial-critic-and-assistant (ACA) learning framework to improve the performance of existing supervised learning with multiple outputs. The core contribution of our ACA is the innovation of two novel modules, i.e. an `adversarial critic' and a `collaborative assistant', that are jointly designed to provide augmenting information for facilitating general learning tasks. Our approach is not intended to be regarded as an emerging competitor for tons of well-established algorithms in the field. In fact, most existing approaches, while implemented with different learning objectives, can all be adopted as building blocks seamlessly integrated in the ACA framework to accomplish various real-world tasks. We show the performance and generalization ability of ACA on diverse learning tasks including multi-label classification, attributes prediction and sequence-to-sequence generation.

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Michael, Andreas. "The True Market Value of a Good Petroleum Engineer: A Technical Perspective." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206272-ms.

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Abstract Defined by SPE as the application of basic and engineering sciences to the finding, development, and recovery of oil, gas and other resources from wells, petroleum engineering (PE) has been throughout the years falsely thought of as an amalgamation of other disciplines applied to the exploration and recovery of hydrocarbons. Integrating all PE subdisciplines in a manner efficient for teaching and learning is essential for securing the abundance of well-rounded market-attractive professionals. This paper discusses advantages individuals with PE background experience should exhibit in their employment in the oil and gas industry and academia. There is no point for students in going to school for a degree that will not hand them a competitive edge within their discipline. For graduate PEs, the job market is dependent on the quality of their respective academic programs and by extension to the quality of the teaching faculty. A steady oil and gas job market may not necessarily warrant robust employment opportunities, particularly straight after graduation. In a discipline like PE, where almost everything that matters takes place thousands of feet underground, apportioning credit for successes or responsibility for failures is itself a challenge. Decreases in student enrollments in PE programs reported by various universities during times of low oil and gas prices poses questions about the future of the PEs discipline, despite the steady demand for oil and gas in the world's energy mix. Academic programs interested in facilitating a smooth transition of their graduates into the industry should work in conjunction with practitioners to provide the correct balance between theory and practice in their coursework ensuring that once employment opportunities are created, they get filled with candidates of relevant education and training. PE degree-holding candidates should be the natural first choice for PE positions. This means that their educational and professional backgrounds should be providing them with an undisputed advantage which places them a leg above candidates from other disciplines. For instance, for a well completions job opening, there should not be a better alternative than a good PE specialized in well completions. If every PE graduate comes out of his or her program with a skillset which is superior to that of his or her competition, he or she will be the preferred choice for an oil and gas job.

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Marques, Maria, Carlos Agostinho, and Ricardo Jardim-Gonçalves. "Case-Based Support to Sustainable Interoperability and Decision in Enterprise Networks." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65704.

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Nowadays companies do not thrive solely through their own individual efforts and isolated knowledge. Enterprises have to become agile, sensitive to changes in market forces, and capable of responding with incremental modifications in business and services provided (adaptation) as well as anticipating radical changes by responding with new and breakthrough business models (innovation). This involves a mix of both cooperative and competitive elements, where decision support, evolving information systems, and the use of networking concepts such as the virtual enterprise or the enterprise ecosystem is becoming more common. The approach here presented aims at facilitating and sustaining interoperability in a dynamic networked enterprise environment. Relying on domain-based semantic translation services, sustainable interoperability enables each organization to keep its own terminology and seamlessly communicate with others (i.e. enterprise interoperability). This work contributes to that paradigm, proposing a novel mechanism based in probabilistic analysis (PA), case-based reasoning (CBR) and similarity calculation (SC) to support decision, service redesign and mapping modifications, e.g. when a company changes its internal model but wants to ensure that communication with external entities is not affected.

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Takase, Kenjiro, Hideo Furukawa, and Kimiaki Nakano. "A Preliminary Study of an Inter-Cooled and Recuperative Microgasturbine Below 300 kW." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30403.

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During the last few years, a number of small microturbines (<100kW) have been tested in commercial markets. These microturbines have demonstrated low emissions, increased fuel flexibility, and reasonable durability. However, if these microturbines are to compete economically with larger gas turbines and reciprocating engines, manufacturing costs will need to be significantly reduced and thermal efficiencies will need to be increased. A preliminary study has been completed that evaluated larger and more efficient microturbines (∼300 kW) that operate at higher pressure ratios based on an intercooled and recuperated cycle. The thermal efficiency of the proposed concept increases to 34–37% and is competitive with larger gas turbines and similarly rated diesel engines. Two-stage turbocharger compressors and intercoolers that were developed by the automotive industry for high volume manufacturing will further improve the specific fuel consumption and specific power of this proposed microturbine concept. An additional benefit of the higher pressure, intercooled cycle is that the temperature of the exhaust gases exiting the turbine and entering the recuperator is significantly lower facilitating the use of lower cost materials in the recuperator.

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Furini, Francesco, Rahul Rai, Barry Smith, Giorgio Colombo, and Venkat Krovi. "Development of a Manufacturing Ontology for Functionally Graded Materials." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59964.

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The development of manufacturing technologies for new materials involves the generation of large and continually evolving volumes of data. The analysis, integration and management of these data, typically stored in multiple independently developed databases, creates significant challenges for practitioners. Strategies which allow open sharing of pre-competitive data pertaining to engineering design can play a powerful role in enabling innovation, but these strategies can work only if the data themselves can be presented in a way that is both consistent and understandable to both humans and computers. We believe that ontology applied to engineering (OE) represents a viable strategy for the alignment, reconciliation and integration of diverse and disparate data. The scope of OE includes: consistent capture of knowledge pertaining to the types of entities involved; facilitation of cooperation among diverse groups of experts; effective and flexible ongoing curation and update of data; and collaborative design and knowledge reuse. We propose as case study an ontology for the domain of composite materials focusing in particular on the class of ‘Functionally Graded Materials’ (FGM) with examples drawn from the field of biomedical applications. The goal of the ontology is to provide information about the components of such materials, the manufacturing processes involved in their creation, and their applications, ranging from additive manufacturing to restorative dentistry. The ontology is developed using Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and parts of the Ontology for Biomedical Investigation (OBI) and follows the best practice principles for ontology development codified in the OBO (Open Biomedical Ontologies) Foundry.

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