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Journal articles on the topic 'Facial affect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Schiano, Diane J., Sheryl Ehrlich, Krisnawan Rahardja, and Kyle Sheridan. "Measuring and modeling facial affect." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 32, no. 4 (December 2000): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03200822.

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2

Frigerio, Elisa, D. Michael Burt, Barbara Montagne, Lindsey K. Murray, and David I. Perrett. "Facial affect perception in alcoholics." Psychiatry Research 113, no. 1-2 (December 2002): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00244-5.

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3

Williams, Beth T., Julie D. Henry, and Melissa J. Green. "Facial affect recognition and schizotypy." Early Intervention in Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (May 2007): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00023.x.

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4

Ruiz-Veguilla, Miguel, José Luis Rubio, Maite Ferrín, Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla, Ester Marín, Maria Luisa Barrigón, Manuel Gurpegui, and Jorge Cervilla. "FACIAL AFFECT RECOGNITION AND SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Research 102, no. 1-3 (June 2008): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(08)70442-0.

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5

Lewis, Stephen, Robert J. Thoma, Marianna D. Lanoue, Gregory A. Miller, Wendy Heller, Christopher Edgar, Minxiong Huang, et al. "Visual processing of facial affect." NeuroReport 14, no. 14 (October 2003): 1841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200310060-00017.

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6

Jones, Alex L., Carlota Batres, Aurélie Porcheron, Jennifer R. Sweda, Frédérique Morizot, and Richard Russell. "Positive facial affect looks healthy." Visual Cognition 26, no. 1 (September 19, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2017.1369202.

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7

Hess, Ursula, Pierre Philippot, and Sylvie Blairy. "Facial Reactions to Emotional Facial Expressions: Affect or Cognition?" Cognition & Emotion 12, no. 4 (July 1998): 509–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026999398379547.

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8

Fecica, Agnieszka M., and Jennifer A. Stolz. "Facial Affect and Temporal Order Judgments." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.1.3.

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Abstract. The influence of facial affect on the perception of temporal order was examined in the context of the temporal order judgment (TOJ) paradigm. Two schematic faces were presented either simultaneously, or separated by varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; -100 ms, -34 ms, -17 ms, 17 ms, 34 ms, 100 ms), and participants had to judge which face appeared first. Each schematic face displayed one of three emotions; happy, neutral, or angry. Facial affect was found to influence judgments of temporal order at short SOAs (-17 ms, 0 ms, and 17 ms) but not at the longest SOAs (-100 ms and 100 ms), consistent with the hypothesis that facial affect influences relative onset judgments when they are difficult to make.

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9

Federman, Edward J., Charles E. Drebing, Jeffrey I. Zaref, and Godehard Oepen. "Processing and Recognition of Facial Affect in Schizophrenia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 2 (October 1998): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.484.

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A deficit in the recognition of facial affect has been well documented in people with schizophrenia. Our 1995 research with normal subjects showed that hemispheric bias for processing facial affect is related to accuracy of recognition of facial affect. We tested whether this relationship holds in a sample of 25 people with schizophrenia who completed tasks of identification of facial affect and chimeric facial affect. Subjects with a left visual-field bias were significantly more accurate in identifying one facial emotion (sad) than were other subjects. Individual differences in hemispheric advantage for processing affect appears to be an important variable related to functional br capacity within different populations.

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10

Komlosi, S., G. Csukly, G. Stefanics, I. Czigler, and P. Czobor. "Facial affect recognition: Electrophysiological findings in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72131-9.

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IntroductionWhile deficits in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia have consistently been shown, the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. Electrophysiological measures, such as event-related brain potentials related to facial emotion recognition yield insight into the time course of recognizing emotional faces.ObjectivesIn our study we aimed to delineate the neurophysiological correlates of facial emotion recognition and to investigate where, when, and what components in the course of emotional information processing show impairment in schizophrenia.MethodologyWe collected data using a 128-channel EEG recording system for testing an experimental facial emotion recognition paradigm with 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 matched healthy controls. Subjects were presented fearful and neutral emotional facial expressions on a monitor and asked to make decisions via a button press relating to either the gender or the emotion of the presented face.ResultsOur findings revealed that ERPs of pateints with schizophrenia significantly differed from those of matched healthy controls in several components and areas characteristic to facial emotion processing, showing differences in both early and late ERP components of emotional face processing. Significant main effects of task (gender vs emotion) and emotion (fear vs neutral) were also found.ConclusionThe finding that patients with schizophrenia, as compared to healthy controls, show differences in emotional face processing in several cortical areas and time intervals underlines the hypotheses that a deficit in affect recognition may originate from the impairment of a distributed facial emotion recognition network, including both early perceptual and later phases of facial emotion processing.

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11

GETZ, GLEN E., PAULA K. SHEAR, and STEPHEN M. STRAKOWSKI. "Facial affect recognition deficits in bipolar disorder." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9, no. 4 (May 2003): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617703940021.

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Patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BPD), by definition, have problems with emotional regulation. However, it remains uncertain whether these patients are also deficient at processing other people's emotions, particularly while manic. The present study examined the ability of 25 manic bipolar patients and 25 healthy participants on tasks of facial recognition and facial affect recognition at three different presentation durations: 500 ms, 750 ms, and 1000 ms. The groups did not differ in terms of age, education, sex, ethnicity, or estimated IQ. The groups did not differ significantly on either a novel computerized facial recognition task or the Benton Facial Recognition Test. In contrast, the bipolar group performed significantly more poorly than did the comparison group on a novel facial affect labeling task. Although the patient group had slower reaction times on all 3 computerized tasks, the presentation duration did not have an effect on performance in the patients. This study suggests that patients with bipolar disorder are able to recognize faces, but have difficulty processing facial affective cues. (JINS, 2003, 9, 623–632.)

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12

Smith, Steve, and Alec Grant. "Facial affect recognition and mental health." Mental Health Practice 17, no. 10 (July 10, 2014): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.17.10.12.e944.

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13

Mandal, M. K., and S. Palchoudhury. "Decoding of Facial Affect in Schizophrenia." Psychological Reports 56, no. 2 (April 1985): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.2.651.

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12 schizophrenics and 12 nonpatient controls were asked to classify 8 photographs depicting 6 facial emotions each into categories of similar emotions and to pronounce the name of the emotion expressed in each photograph when multiple-choice alternatives were prompted. Patients had considerably more difficulty on the latter task than the former while controls were unaffected. Fearful faces were poorly recognized by both groups. Overall, controls were significantly better than schizophrenics in identifying all facial emotions.

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14

Mandal, M. K., and S. Palchoudhury. "Perceptual Skill in Decoding Facial Affect." Perceptual and Motor Skills 60, no. 1 (February 1985): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.1.96.

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The perceptual skill in identifying the briefly exposed photographs of facial affect was examined with 75 men and 75 women who were asked to judge six cross-culturally recognizable slides, each expressing one of the six emotions exposed at three different time intervals. Each subject was required to give six judgments and the number of correct responses was considered his score. Analysis by a 3 × 2 factorial design indicated the longer the exposure of the photograph the better the recognition. Although there was no over-all sex difference, analysis by emotions confirmed significantly better accuracy by the women judging ‘sadness’ than by men, and men were more accurate for ‘anger’ than were women.

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15

Mandal, M. K., and B. B. Bhattacharya. "Recognition of Facial Affect in Depression." Perceptual and Motor Skills 61, no. 1 (August 1985): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.61.1.13.

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16

Everhart, D. "ERP differences in facial affect perception." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 15, no. 8 (November 2000): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6177(00)80136-5.

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17

Everhart, D., D. Shucard, and J. Shucard. "ERP differences in facial affect perception." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 15, no. 8 (November 1, 2000): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/15.8.723.

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18

Hempel, A., E. Hempel, S. Bachmann, K. Sartor, and J. Schröder. "Functional correlates of facial affect recognition." Schizophrenia Research 41, no. 1 (January 2000): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(00)90634-0.

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19

Valenti, R., E. Salvadori, F. Pescini, A. Poggesi, G. Castellini, S. Antonini, S. Bianchi, D. Inzitari, S. Pallanti, and L. Pantoni. "Facial Affect Recognition in CADASIL Patients." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 28, no. 1 (November 4, 2012): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acs097.

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20

Kosson, David S., Yana Suchy, Andrew R. Mayer, and John Libby. "Facial affect recognition in criminal psychopaths." Emotion 2, no. 4 (December 2002): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.2.4.398.

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21

Dey, Jacob K., Masaru Ishii, Kofi D. O. Boahene, Patrick J. Byrne, and Lisa E. Ishii. "Facial Reanimation Surgery Restores Affect Display." Otology & Neurotology 35, no. 1 (January 2014): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0b013e3182a1ea8a.

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22

Godoy, Andres, Masaru Ishii, Jacob Dey, Kofi D. O. Boahene, Patrick J. Byrne, and Lisa E. Ishii. "Facial Lesions Negatively Impact Affect Display." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 149, no. 3 (May 29, 2013): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599813490887.

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23

Güntekin, Bahar, and Erol Başar. "Facial affect manifested by multiple oscillations." International Journal of Psychophysiology 71, no. 1 (January 2009): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.019.

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24

Shiraishi, Yuko, Kazuya Norikane, Kazuhiro Ando, Sayaka Toyama, Shigeki Kurayama, Hiroshi Abe, and Yasushi Ishida. "Eye Movement during Facial Affect Recognition by Patients with Schizophrenia, Using Japanese Pictures of Facial Affect." Perceptual and Motor Skills 113, no. 2 (October 2011): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.13.15.27.pms.113.5.409-420.

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25

Dickey, Chandlee C., Lawrence P. Panych, Martina M. Voglmaier, Margaret A. Niznikiewicz, Douglas P. Terry, Cara Murphy, Rayna Zacks, Martha E. Shenton, and Robert W. McCarley. "Facial emotion recognition and facial affect display in schizotypal personality disorder." Schizophrenia Research 131, no. 1-3 (September 2011): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.04.020.

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26

Jacobs, D. H., J. Shuren, and K. M. Heilman. "Impaired perception of facial identity and facial affect in Huntington's disease." Neurology 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 1217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.6.1217.

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27

Merkel, Kathryn E., Karen L. Schmidt, Rachel M. Levenstein, Jessie M. VanSwearingen, and Barbara C. Bentley. "Positive Affect Predicts Improved Lip Movement in Facial Movement Disorder." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, no. 1 (July 2007): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2006.07.018.

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OBJECTIVES: Positive affect in individuals with a facial movement disorder may promote lip corner movement (zygomaticus major) during smiling. We investigated whether a positive affect marker (orbicularis oculi activity) observed in an initial clinic visit of individuals with facial movement disorder (N = 28) predicted increased lip corner movement at a subsequent visit. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: In this clinical outcomes study, lip corner movement was assessed with the use of automated facial analysis. Asymmetry of movement was compared in individuals who smiled with or without the positive affect marker at an initial clinic visit. RESULTS: The positive affect marker at the initial visit was associated with a reduction in the asymmetry of the lip corner movement at the second visit. CONCLUSION: Positive affect predicts improved facial movement outcomes in patients with facial movement disorders. SIGNIFICANCE: Positive emotion in facial movement patients may be an important factor in recovery of facial movement during therapy.

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28

Dixit, Bharati, and Arun Gaikwad. "Facial Affect Recognition and Impact of Affect Arousal on Health Data." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14, no. 16 (November 10, 2019): 5733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2019.5733.5742.

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29

Mandal, M. K., and S. Maitra. "Perception of Facial Affect and Physical Proximity." Perceptual and Motor Skills 60, no. 3 (June 1985): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.3.782.

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30

Cothran, D. Lisa. "Facial Affect and Race Influence Threat Perception." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 30, no. 3 (March 2011): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ic.30.3.g.

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31

BRUNK, DOUG. "Facial Affect Recognition's Role in Aggression Explored." Clinical Psychiatry News 40, no. 4 (April 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-6644(12)70103-0.

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32

Jain, V., E. Mavridou, J. L. Crowley, and A. Lux. "Facial expression analysis and the affect space." Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 25, no. 3 (July 2015): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054661815030086.

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33

Glass, Samantha J., and Joseph P. Newman. "Recognition of facial affect in psychopathic offenders." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 115, no. 4 (November 2006): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.115.4.815.

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34

Krumhuber, Eva G., and Klaus R. Scherer. "Affect bursts: Dynamic patterns of facial expression." Emotion 11, no. 4 (August 2011): 825–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023856.

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35

Abbott, Gavin R., and Melissa J. Green. "Facial affect recognition and schizotypal personality characteristics." Early Intervention in Psychiatry 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2012.00346.x.

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36

HIETANEN, JARI K., VEIKKO SURAKKA, and ILKKA LINNANKOSKI. "Facial electromyographic responses to vocal affect expressions." Psychophysiology 35, no. 5 (September 1998): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048577298970445.

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37

MOTLEY, MICHAEL T. "Facial Affect and Verbal Context in Conversation." Human Communication Research 20, no. 1 (September 1993): 3–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00314.x.

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38

Morrison, R. L., A. S. Bellack, and K. T. Mueser. "Deficits in Facial-affect Recognition and Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Bulletin 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/14.1.67.

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39

Lotzin, Annett, Julia Schiborr, Claus Barkmann, Georg Romer, and Brigitte Ramsauer. "Maternal emotion dysregulation is related to heightened mother–infant synchrony of facial affect." Development and Psychopathology 28, no. 2 (June 4, 2015): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415000516.

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AbstractA heightened synchrony between the mother's and infant's facial affect predicts adverse infant development. We know that maternal psychopathology is related to mother–infant facial affect synchrony, but it is unclear how maternal psychopathology is transmitted to mother–infant synchrony. One pathway might be maternal emotion dysregulation. We examined (a) whether maternal emotion dysregulation is positively related to facial affect synchrony and (b) whether maternal emotion dysregulation mediates the effect of maternal psychopathology on mother–infant facial affect synchrony. We observed 68 mothers with mood disorders and their 4- to 9-month-old infants in the Still-Face paradigm during two play interactions. The mother's and infant's facial affect were rated from high negative to high positive, and the degree of synchrony between the mother's and infant's facial affect was computed with a time-series analysis. Emotion dysregulation was measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and psychopathology was assessed with the Symptom Checklist–90–Revised. Higher maternal emotion dysregulation was significantly associated with higher facial affect synchrony; emotion dysregulation fully mediated the effect of maternal psychopathology on facial affect synchrony. Our findings demonstrate that maternal emotion dysregulation rather than maternal psychopathology per se places mothers and infants at risk for heightened facial affect synchrony.

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40

Dima, D., K. E. Stephan, J. P. Roiser, and S. Frangou. "Increased visual-ventral prefrontal cortical coupling during facial affect recognition." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72625-6.

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IntroductionEmotional regulation is a crucial aspect of adaptive behaviour and social interaction, and is often disrupted in a range of psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesIn the past decade, neuroimaging studies have identified key components of the neural networks that underpin emotional processing during facial affect recognition. Although these networks are extremely interconnected, current evidence points to the ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC) as having a pivotal role in emotional regulation.AimsWe were particularly interested in specifying the functional interrelationships of VPFC with component network regions and in exploring potential modulation by the valence of the facial affect.MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from 40 healthy individuals during a facial affect recognition task involving fearful, sad and angry facial expressions. Within the networks engaged by the task, we used Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) to measure effective connectivity followed by Bayesian Model Selection to identify the model best model fitting our data and Bayesian Model Averaging to analyze the endogenous connections and the modulatory influence of affect.ResultsProcessing of all three facial expressions engaged the visual cortex, fusiform gyrus, amygdala and VPFC. DCM analysis showed that the connection between the visual cortex and the VPFC plays a more important role in the recognition of facial emotions than other regions.ConclusionsWe provide evidence for the central role of a valence independent increase in visual cortical and VPFC coupling during the processing of facial affect.

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41

Reilly, Judy Snitzer, and Ursula Bellugi. "Competition on the face: affect and language in ASL motherese." Journal of Child Language 23, no. 1 (February 1996): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900010163.

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ABSTRACTResearch on early mother-child interaction has documented the crucial role affect plays in the content and modulation of early interactions. For hearing mothers, voice quality is considered to be the single most informative channel for affective expression. For deaf caregivers who use American Sign Language (ASL), the vocal channel is unavailable, and facial expression is critically important. Not only do facial behaviours signal affective and communicative information, but specific facial behaviours also function as obligatory grammatical markers. This multifunctionality of facial expression presents a dilemma for deaf parents signing to their toddlers as these two systems potentially compete for expression on the face. This study addresses how affective facial expression interacts with the linguistic forms in ASL motherese. To address this issue, we present data from both cross-sectional and longitudinal videotaped interaction from a total of 15 deaf mothers signing with their deaf toddlers (ages 0;9–2;8). Using Ekman & Friesen's Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (1978) we analysed child-directed maternal wh- questions. Because they are frequent in early discourse, AND they require furrowed brows which also signal anger and puzzlement, wh- questions represent an ideal context to address the potential conflict of grammatical and affective facial expression in ASL motherese. Our studies indicate a shift from affect to grammar at about the child's second birthday. These findings shed new insight on the nature and possible role of input on the language acquisition process.

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42

Mazurski, Evalynn J., and Nigel W. Bond. "A new series of slides depicting facial expressions of affect: A comparison with the pictures of facial affect series." Australian Journal of Psychology 45, no. 1 (April 1993): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049539308259117.

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43

Jing, Yi. "Visual affect in films: a semiotic approach." Semiotica 2021, no. 239 (February 5, 2021): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2019-0081.

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Abstract This study investigates affective meanings expressed in facial expressions and bodily gestures from a semiotic perspective. Particularly, the study focuses on disentangling relations of affective meanings and exploring the meaning potential of facial expressions and bodily gestures. Based on the analysis of over three hundred screenshots from two films (one animation and one live-action film), this study proposes a system of visual affect, as well as a system of visual resources involved in the expression of visual affect. The system of visual affect makes a further step in the investigation of affective meanings afforded by facial expressions and bodily gestures, and can provide methodological insights into the examination of affective meanings expressed visually. The system of visual resources provides a more meaning-motivated framework for systematic tracking of the visual resources, which may be applied to the analysis of other visual media apart from films.

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Jimeno, N., M. L. Vargas, F. Ruiz, M. T. Cañas, R. Pérez, S. Sanz, R. Sanguino, N. Frommann, and W. Wölwer. "Preliminary study of emotion recognition using facial affect cards of the training of affect recognition program (TAR) in Spanish population." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73114-5.

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IntroductionSocial cognition is presently an important focus in rehabilitation of patients wish schizophrenic psychoses. Emotion recognition in one of its different components, the Training of Affect Recognition (TAR) is a therapy program specifically developed aiming at improving affect recognition.ObjectivesTo test if the material of the TAR program in terms a series of facial affect cards is reliable for emotion recognition in a Spanish control population.MethodsA sample of Spanish control subjects were shown the TAR's series of facial affect cards. It includes the following emotions: happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, angry and disgust, and the neutral facial affect. Reliability was assessed by means of the kappa coefficient. Kappa values higher than 0.4 were considered reliable, the following criterion was accepted: kappa values < 0.4, low reliability; 0.4 to 0.75, moderate reliability; > 0.76, strong reliability.ResultsThe sample was formed by subjects from the general population with no previous history of psychiatric disorders (n = 20). The following kappa values were obtained: happiness, 0.8406 (CI 0.7744–0.9068), sadness, 0.6171 (CI 0.5377–0.6964), surprise, 0.6582 (CI 0.5859–0.7304), fear, 0.4509 (CI 0.3569–0.5448), angry, 0.6252 (CI 0.5464–0.7040), disgust, 0.7700 (CI 0.6943–0.8456), neutral, 0.5534 (CI 0.4663–0.6404).ConclusionsIn a preliminary study in a sample of 20 Spanish control subjects using the TAR's series of facial affect cards, the six basic emotions and the neutral facial affect were recognized with at least a moderate reliability. A strong reliability was obtained in happiness and disgust, and a moderate reliability in surprise, angry, sadness, neutral, fear.

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45

Berenbaum, Howard, Rebecca Snowhite, and Thomas F. Oltmanns. "Anhedonia and emotional responses to affect evoking stimuli." Psychological Medicine 17, no. 3 (August 1987): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700025915.

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SynopsisThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether individuals with unusually high scores on the Scale for Physical Anhedonia (Chapmanet al.1976) would differ from average scorers in their emotional responses to affect-evoking stimuli. Ten male and ten female anhedonics, well as ten male and ten female control subjects, were each shown brief filmclips that were expected to elicit emotional responses. The subjects' facial expressions were videotaped while they watched the filmclips, and they also completed adjective checklists describing how they felt while watching them. The anhedonics and nonanhedonics did not differ in their self-reports of emotional experience, nor did they differ in their facial expressions of emotion while viewing the filmclips. Compared to men, women reported experiencing more emotion, and their facial expressions also indicated greater responsiveness.

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46

Byrne, Simon P., Alexandria Mayo, Cayla O’Hair, Melissa Zankman, Grace M. Austin, Chloe Thompson-Booth, Eamon J. McCrory, Linda C. Mayes, and Helena J. V. Rutherford. "Facial emotion recognition during pregnancy: Examining the effects of facial age and affect." Infant Behavior and Development 54 (February 2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.09.008.

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47

Braun, C. M. J., C. Denault, H. Cohen, and I. Rouleau. "Discrimination of Facial Identity and Facial Affect by Temporal and Frontal Lobectomy Patients." Brain and Cognition 24, no. 2 (March 1994): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.1994.1011.

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48

Walker, David W., and Clarissa Leister. "Recognition of Facial Affect Cues by Adolescents with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders." Behavioral Disorders 19, no. 4 (August 1994): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874299401900408.

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This study explored the ability of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders to recognize facial affect cues. The questions addressed in this study were (a) would adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders have lower recognition of facial affect cues than adolescents without emotional and behavioral disorders?, (b) would differences exist in the recognition of facial affect cues between adolescents with internalizing and externalizing emotional and behavioral disorders?, and (c) what is the relationship between age and recognition of facial affect in adolescents? These three questions were answered by showing adolescents in three groups (internalizing, externalizing, and non-emotional and behavioral disorders) a set of slides of facial expressions displaying the following six emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust. The findings are discussed as they relate to intervention practices and future research.

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Dean, A. M., E. Goodby, C. Ooi, P. J. Nathan, B. R. Lennox, L. Scoriels, S. Shabbir, et al. "Speed of facial affect intensity recognition as an endophenotype of first-episode psychosis and associated limbic-cortical grey matter systems." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 3 (June 18, 2012): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712001341.

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BackgroundPsychotic disorders are highly heritable such that the unaffected relatives of patients may manifest characteristics, or endophenotypes, that are more closely related to risk genes than the overt clinical condition. Facial affect processing is dependent on a distributed cortico-limbic network that is disrupted in psychosis. This study assessed facial affect processing and related brain structure as a candidate endophenotype of first-episode psychosis (FEP).MethodThree samples comprising 30 FEP patients, 30 of their first-degree relatives and 31 unrelated healthy controls underwent assessment of facial affect processing and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data. Multivariate analysis (partial least squares, PLS) was used to identify a grey matter (GM) system in which anatomical variation was associated with variation in facial affect processing speed.ResultsThe groups did not differ in their accuracy of facial affect intensity rating but differed significantly in speed of response, with controls responding faster than relatives, who responded faster than patients. Within the control group, variation in speed of affect processing was significantly associated with variation of GM density in amygdala, lateral temporal cortex, frontal cortex and cerebellum. However, this association between cortico-limbic GM density and speed of facial affect processing was absent in patients and their relatives.ConclusionsSpeed of facial affect processing presents as a candidate endophenotype of FEP. The normal association between speed of facial affect processing and cortico-limbic GM variation was disrupted in FEP patients and their relatives.

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Massaro, Dominic W., and John W. Ellison. "Perceptual recognition of facial affect: Cross-cultural comparisons." Memory & Cognition 24, no. 6 (November 1996): 812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03201104.

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