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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Facial affect'
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1
Bordon, Natalie Sarah. "Facial affect recognition in psychosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22865.
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While a correlation between suffering from psychosis and an increased risk of engaging in aggressive behaviours has been established, many factors have been explored which may contribute to increasing this risk. Patients with a diagnosis of psychosis have been shown to have significant difficulties in facial affect recognition (FAR) and some authors have proposed that this may contribute to increasing the risk of displaying aggressive or violent behaviours. A systematic review of the current evidence regarding the links between facial affect recognition and aggression was conducted. Results were varied with some studies providing evidence of a link between emotion recognition difficulties and aggression, while others were unable to establish such an association. Results should be interpreted with some caution as the quality of included studies was poor due to small sample sizes, insufficient power and limited reporting of results. Adequately powered, randomised controlled studies using appropriate blinding procedures and validated measures are therefore required. There is a substantial evidence base demonstrating difficulties in emotional perception in patients with psychosis, with evidence suggesting a relationship with reduced social functioning, increased aggression and more severe symptoms of psychosis. In this review we aim to review this field to assess if there is a causal link between facial affect recognition difficulties and psychosis. The Bradford Hill criteria for establishing a causal relationship from observational data were used to generate key hypotheses, which were then tested against existing evidence. Where a published meta-analysis was not already available, new meta-analyses were conducted. A large effect of FAR difficulties in those with a diagnosis of psychosis, with a small to moderate correlation between FAR problems and symptoms of psychosis was found. Evidence was provided for the existence of FAR problems in those at clinical high risk of psychosis, while remediation of psychosis symptoms did not appear to impact FAR difficulties. There appears to be good evidence of the existence of facial affect recognition difficulties in the causation of psychosis, though larger, longitudinal studies are required to provide further evidence of this.
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Hattiangadi, Nina Uday. "Facial affect processing across a perceptual timeline : a comparison of two models of facial affect processing /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004278.
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Kreklewetz, Kimberly. "Facial affect recognition in psychopathic offenders /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2166.
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Getz, Glen Edward. "FACIAL AFFECT RECOGNITON DEFICITS IN BIPOLAR DISORDER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin985628344.
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Sherman, Adam Grant. "Development of a test of facial affect recognition /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9510111.
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Paulson, Autumn Melody. "Impairment in facial affect recognition deficit or anxiety? /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2976.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Padgett, Curtis. "A neural network model for facial affect classification /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campusesd, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907599.
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Mourão, André Belchior. "Robust facial expression analysis for affect-based interaction." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8292.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia InformáticaInteraction is moving towards new and more natural approaches. Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is increasingly expanding towards more modalities of human expression such as gestures, body movements and other natural interactions. In this thesis, we propose to extend existing interaction paradigms by including the face as an affect-based input. Affective interaction methods can greatly change the way computers interact with humans; these methods can detect displays of user moods, such as frustration or engagement and adapt the experience accordingly. We have created an affect-based framework that encompasses face detection, face recognition and facial expression recognition and applied it in a computer game. ImEmotion is a two-player game where the player who best mimics an expression wins. The game combines face detection with facial expression recognition to recognize and rate an expression in real time. A controlled evaluation of the framework algorithms and a game trial with 46 users showed the potential of the framework and success of the usage of affect-based interaction based on facial expressions in the game. Despite the novelty of the interaction approach and the limitations of computer vision algorithms, players adapted and became competitive easily.
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Ale, Chelsea M. "Social anxiety and facial affect recognition in preschool children." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5731.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 33 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-23).
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Fields, Alicia D. "Recognition of facial affect in adults with attention problems." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2984.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 107. Thesis director: Johannes Rojahn. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 15, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-106). Also issued in print.
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Johnson, Frank Phillip. "The impact of ablative facial cancer surgery and the affect of post-operative facial prostheses." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12865/.
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This thesis examines psychosocial issues experienced by participants following a diagnosis of facial malignancy and ablative cancer surgery of the face. It investigates how participants felt about surgery and the affect that the use of postoperative facial prostheses had on each participant. Semi-structured interviews were used to capture participants' experiences of treatment. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith 2004; Smith, Flowers & Larkin 2009) was used to perform a content analysis of the data which revealed themes and sub-themes common to all participants. Ethical approval was granted for the inclusion of up to eight participants in the study. Initially twenty participants were randomly selected and contacted by letter. Thirteen individuals agreed to their inclusion in the study and eight were randomly selected for inclusion and contacted by letter. The five individuals not selected were contacted and thanked. Interviewing ceased after the sixth participant had been interviewed n=6 after no new themes relative to the study were discovered. Some findings of the research were congruent with previous research. A supportive partner and family group make coping easier. Professional attendants who listen and allow individuals to talk have a positive impact. Findings specific to this study suggest that facial prostheses are useful after ablative cancer surgery of the face. Prostheses restore outward normality which was important for reasons of social acceptability. However, the study found that feelings of normality were not restored This concluded with a re-definition of normality for disfigured patients who use a facial prosthesis to incorporate the wider context revealed by the study.
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Afzal, Shazia. "Affect inference in learning environments : a functional view of facial affect analysis using naturalistic data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609156.
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Zickenheiner, Dörte. "Recognition of facial affect bias towards hostility in aggressive children /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967401690.
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Fine, Eric Michael. "Representing facial affect representations in the brain and in behavior /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3244172.
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Wellington, C. E. "Recognition of dynamic facial affect in substitute maintained opiate users." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1408027/.
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This thesis investigates the capacity to identify Emotional Facial Expressions (EFE) in people who have a history of using illicit substances. Part one is a systematic literature review that critically appraises the available research in this area. The studies reviewed investigate the acute, sub-acute and/or chronic effects of different levels of use of opiates, cannabis, MDMA, cocaine, methamphetamine, and multiple substances. Methodological constraints in this area of research make synthesis and interpretation of findings problematic. Despite this, the review highlights evidence of deficits in EFE recognition associated with substance use. These appear more marked for negative emotions, particularly fear and disgust. Part two is an empirical study that aims to investigate EFE recognition in opiate users. Substitute prescribed opiate users are compared with controls on performance on a dynamic EFE recognition task. The findings of this study suggest that there is a general deficit in sensitivity to EFEs in opiate uses and specific deficits in the recognition of neutral disgust and fear expressions. Part three is a critical appraisal focusing on the process of carrying out research with clinical populations and within substance use in particular. This considers the difficulties and benefits of integrating clinical practice and empirical research in the role of clinical psychologists.
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Everhart, Daniel Erik. "Neuropsychological effects of anxiety without depression on facial affect perception." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45057.
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Sixty right-handed men, half classified as anxious without depressive symptoms, the other half as nonanxious, participated in a tachistoscopic study of the influence of anxiety without depression on hemispheric processing of Ekman and Friesen's (1976) happy, angry, and neutral emotional faces. Results were counter to hypotheses, where anxious subjects' reaction times to affective valences were slower than nonanxious subjects. Additionally, anxious subjects failed to demonstrate a negative affective bias for neutral stimuli. Results are discussed in terms of arousal theory, where anxious subjects may be considered overaroused for the tachistoscopic task, thereby exhibiting slower reaction times to affective stimuli. More specific neuropsychological hypotheses for anxious individuals without depression versus nonanxious individuals in terms of concurrent anterior dysfunction and posterior hyperarousal are discussed.
Master of Science
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Long, Elizabeth A. "Facial Affect Recognition and Interpretation in Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1218560245.
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Meyer, Eric C. "A visual scanpath study of facial affect recognition in schizotypy and social anxiety." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Aebi, Michelle Elizabeth. "Facial Affect Recognition Deficits in Students that Exhibit Subclinical Borderline Personality Traits." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1431010111.
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Thomas, Jamie Mark. "Aggressive adolescent offenders and the role of biased facial affect perception." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659212.
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Without effective intervention adolescent offending has been found to be resistant to change and antisocial behaviour, including violent offending behaviour, often continues into adulthood (Tarolla et al., 2002). However, a systematic review of the existing literature revealed that there was an urgent need for contemporary empirically based interventions with aggressive adolescent offenders. A relatively consistent finding within this population is a perceptual bias towards perceiving ambiguous facial cues as displaying anger, leading some theorists to suggest a possible explanatory pathway (Calvete & Orue, 2011). Thus, the current dissertation extends this concept by exploring the efficacy of a computer-based retraining programme designed to shift these biases, at reducing subsequent aggressive behaviour. Utilising a sample taken from a secure children's home in South Wales, the hypothesised association between performance on the facial recognition retraining programme and a reduction in subsequent aggressive behaviour was elucidated. An indepth case study of one of the participants, including case formulation, functional analysis, and psychometric evaluation, outlined the parameters of this change at an individual level. One such psychometric measure was the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory - 2nd Edition (STAXI-2; Spielberger, 1999). A critique of the use of the measure within forensic settings I found that high face validity means that when the STAXI-2 is used as the basis for treatment decisions it should be administered and interpreted in conjunction with a recognised measure of social desirability bias to improve the measure's validity. An overall conclusion is drawn and the implications of the study on further research are discussed.
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Crews, William David Jr. "Cerebral asymmetry in facial affect perception of women : neuropsychological effects of depression /." This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040440/.
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Steed, Marc A. "Facial affect recognition in bipolar disorder a functional magnetic resonance imaging study /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1109353595.
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Crews, William David. "Cerebral asymmetry in facial affect perception of women: neuropsychological effects of depression." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44557.
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STEED, MARC A. "FACIAL AFFECT RECOGNITION IN BIPOLAR DISORDER: A FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109353595.
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Scoales, M. "Facial affect recognition and attentional bias to threat faces in positive schizotypy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/968209/.
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Part 1-The Literature Review explores the topic of attentional bias which is thought to be a component of many anxiety disorders. A review of the literature on dot-probe studies of anxious individuals which used faces as stimuli found 24 studies. Studies of both socially anxious and generally anxious individuals suggest attentional bias in the initial, orienting stage of attention, which is increased by conditions of social threat. The review concludes that attentional vigilance for threat is a consistent feature of anxiety disorders including both social anxiety and GAD. There is little or no evidence to support the view that anxiety disorders are characterised by attentional avoidance of threat faces, as measured by the dot-probe paradigm. Part 2 -The Empirical Paper reports on a study of facial affect recognition and attentional bias in psychosis-prone participants. Data collection was shared with another trainee (see Appendix D). There was no difference in facial affect recognition between the two groups. The high schizotypy group did however display a significantly greater attentional bias score at 2000ms, and a significantly lower attentional bias score at lOOms, than the non psychosis-prone group. The limitations, clinical and research implications of this study are discussed. Part 3 -The Critical Appraisal describes the selection of the topic, ethical and theoretical considerations, an appraisal of the design and methodology, as well as reflections on the research process as a whole.
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Horley, R. Kaye. "Fear of faces a psychophysiological investigation of facial affect processing in social phobia /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050922.141835/index.html.
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Long, Elizabeth A. "Facial Affect Recognition and Interpretation in Adolescents At Risk for Developing Bipolar Disorder." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1352402023.
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Sutter, Julianne V. "ASSESSING IMPACT OF AFFECT RECOGNITION ON THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/14.
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Therapeutic alliance and its relationship to client nonverbal behavior, specifically facial expressions, were examined. Therapist interpretation of the client nonverbal behavior, or affect, influences the therapeutic alliance and process. Based on a sample of clients from a graduate school therapy training facility, results suggest therapist training in facial expressions, and how they relate to client emotion, improve the therapeutic alliance between therapist and client. After a micro-expression training for therapists, clients reported higher life functioning on the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and an improved therapeutic alliance on the Session Rating Scale (SRS). Overall, these findings support the benefit of incorporating micro-expression training into therapy instruction.
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Wong, Nina. "Facial Emotion Recognition in Children with Asperger's Disorder and in Children with Social Phobia." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2139.
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Recognizing emotion from facial expressions is an essential skill for effective social functioning and establishing interpersonal relationships. Asperger s Disorder (AD) and Social Phobia (SP) are two clinical populations showing impairment in social skill and perhaps emotion recognition. Objectives: The primary objectives were to determine the uniqueness of facial emotion recognition abilities between children with AD and SP relative to typically developing children (TD) and to examine the role of expression intensity in determining recognition of facial affect. Method: Fifty-seven children (19 AD, 17 SP, and 21 TD) aged 7-13 years participated in the study. Reaction times and accuracy were measured as children identified neutral faces and faces displaying anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness at two different intensity levels. Results: Mixed model ANOVAs with group and emotion type revealed that all children responded faster and more accurately to expressions of happiness, but there were no other group differences. Additional analyses indicated that intensity of the displayed emotion influenced facial affect detection ability for several basic emotions (happiness, fear, and anger). Across groups, there was no pattern of specific misidentification of emotion (e.g., children did not consistently misidentify one emotion, such as disgust, for a different emotion, such as anger.) Finally, facial affect recognition abilities were not associated with behavioral ratings of overall anxiety or social skills effectiveness in structured role play interactions. Conclusions: Distinct facial affect recognition deficits in the clinical groups emerge when the intensity of the emotion expression is considered. Implications for using behavioral assessments to delineate the relationship between facial affect recognition abilities and social functioning among clinical populations are discussed.M.S.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
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Stevens, Christopher. "Child sexual offenders’ recognition of facial affect: are offenders less sensitive to emotions in children?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10569.
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Understanding the risk factors that contribute to sexual offending against children is an important topic for research. The present study set out to examine whether deficits in emotion recognition might contribute to sexual offending, by testing if child sexual offenders were impaired in their recognition of facial expressions of emotion, particularly with children, relative to non-offender controls. To do this, we tested 49 child sexual offenders and 46 non-offender controls on their ability to recognise facial expressions of emotion using photographs of both adults and children posing emotions from the Radboud Faces Database (Langner et al., 2010). We created continua along six emotion pairs (e.g. happiness-sadness) in 10% increments, from the emotions of sadness, anger, happiness, and fear, with morphing software.
Using signal detection analyses, we found that across the emotion pairs, non-offenders were significantly better able to discriminate between emotions than offenders, although there were no significant differences within individual emotion pairs, and was not significant with either age or level of education as a covariate. When discriminating between fear and anger, non-offenders showed a significant bias towards labeling an emotion as fear when judging male faces, whereas offenders did not, and this difference remained significant with age, level of education and socioeconomic status as covariates. Additionally, both groups showed a strong bias towards labeling an emotion as anger when judging female faces. Thus sexual offenders were more likely to identify anger rather than fear with male faces, suggesting that sexual offenders lack an inhibition against recognising anger in males that non-offenders showed.
Overall, contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence to indicate that child sexual offenders showed a specific deficit in their recognition of emotions in children. However, future research should continue to examine this area and its potential link to recidivism.
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Xu, Wanxin. "AFFECT-PRESERVING VISUAL PRIVACY PROTECTION." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/122.
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The prevalence of wireless networks and the convenience of mobile cameras enable many new video applications other than security and entertainment. From behavioral diagnosis to wellness monitoring, cameras are increasing used for observations in various educational and medical settings. Videos collected for such applications are considered protected health information under privacy laws in many countries. Visual privacy protection techniques, such as blurring or object removal, can be used to mitigate privacy concern, but they also obliterate important visual cues of affect and social behaviors that are crucial for the target applications. In this dissertation, we propose to balance the privacy protection and the utility of the data by preserving the privacy-insensitive information, such as pose and expression, which is useful in many applications involving visual understanding.
The Intellectual Merits of the dissertation include a novel framework for visual privacy protection by manipulating facial image and body shape of individuals, which: (1) is able to conceal the identity of individuals; (2) provide a way to preserve the utility of the data, such as expression and pose information; (3) balance the utility of the data and capacity of the privacy protection.
The Broader Impacts of the dissertation focus on the significance of privacy protection on visual data, and the inadequacy of current privacy enhancing technologies in preserving affect and behavioral attributes of the visual content, which are highly useful for behavior observation in educational and medical settings. This work in this dissertation represents one of the first attempts in achieving both goals simultaneously.
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Ali, Afiya. "Recognition of facial affect in individuals scoring high and low in psychopathic personality characteristics." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20070129.190938/index.html.
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Rigon, Arianna. "Structural and functional neural networks underlying facial affect recognition impairment following traumatic brain injury." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5832.
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Psychosocial problems are exceedingly common following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and are thought to be the major predictor of long-term functional outcome. However, current rehabilitation protocols have shown little success in improving interpersonal and social abilities of individuals with TBI, revealing a critical need for new and more effective treatments. Recent research has shown that neuro-modulatory treatments (e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation, lifestyle interventions) targeting the functionality of specific brain systems—as opposed to focusing on re-teaching individuals with TBI the impaired behaviors— hold the potential to succeed where past behavioral protocols have failed. However, in order to implement such treatments it is crucial to gain a better knowledge of the neural systems underlying social functioning secondary to TBI.
It is well established that in TBI populations the inability to identify and interpret social cues, and in particular to engage in successful recognition of facial affects, is one of the factors driving impaired social functioning following TBI. The aims of the work here described were threefold: (1) to determine the degree of impairment in individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI on tasks measuring different sub-types of facial affect recognition skills, (2) to determine the relationship between white matter integrity and different facial affect recognition ability in individuals with TBI by using diffusion tensor imaging, and (3) to determine the patterns of brain activation associated with facial affect recognition ability in individuals with TBI by using task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Our results revealed that individuals with TBI are impaired at both perceptual and verbal categorization facial affect recognition tasks, although they are significantly more impaired in the latter. Moreover, performance on tasks tapping into different types of emotion recognition abilities showed different white-matter neural correlates, with more individuals with TBI showing more extensive damage in the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus more likely to perform poorly on verbal categorization tasks. Lastly, our functional MRI study suggests an involvement of left dorsolateral prefrontal regions in the disruption of more perceptual emotion recognition skills, and involvement on the fusiform gyrus and of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in more interpretative facial affect recognition deficits.
The findings here presented further out understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying facial affect impairment following TBI, and have the potential to inform the development of new and more effective treatments.
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Nortje, Alicia. "Face off : automatic versus controlled processing: does a shift in processing affect facial recognition?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11023.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96).
Working from the transfer-inappropriate processing shift (Schooler, 2002), this project aimed to investigate whether a shift from automatic to controlled processing would impair face recognition rates, much like the manipulated Navon letters do (Perfect, Weston, Dennis, & Snell, 2008), thus providing an alternative explanation for the mechanism underlying the verbal overshadowing effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990).
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Zakharov, Konstantin. "Affect Recognition and Support in Intelligent Tutoring Systems." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1216.
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Empirical research provides evidence of strong interaction between cognitive and affective processes in the human mind. Education research proposes a model of constructive learning that relates cognitive and affective processes in an evolving cycle of affective states. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) are capable of providing comprehensive cognitive support. Affective support in ITSs, however, is lagging behind; the in-depth exploration of cognitive and affective processes in ITSs is yet to be seen. Our research focuses on the integration of affective support in an ITS enhanced with an affective pedagogical agent. In our work we adopt the dimensional (versus categorical) view of emotions for modelling affective states of the agent and the ITSs users. In two stages we develop and evaluate an affective pedagogical agent. The affective response of the first agent version is based on the appraisal of the interaction state; this agent's affective response is displayed as affective facial expressions. The pilot study at the end of the first stage of the project confirms the viability of our approach which combines the dimensional view of emotions with the appraisal of interaction state. In the second stage of the project we develop a facial feature tracking application for real-time emotion recognition in a video-stream. Affective awareness of the second version of the agent is based on the output from the facial feature tracking application and the appraisal of the interaction state. This agent's response takes the form of affectoriented messages designed to interrupt the state of negative flow. The evaluation of the affect-aware agent against an unemotional affect-unaware agent provides positive results, thus confirming the superiority of the affect-aware agent. Although the uptake of the agent was not unanimous, the agent established and maintained good rapport with the users in a role of a caring tutor. The results of the pilot study and the final evaluation validate our choices in the design of affective interaction. In both experiments, the participants appreciated the addition of audible feedback messages, describing it as an enhancement which helped them save time and maintain their focus. Finally, we offer directions for future research on affective support which can be conducted within the framework developed in the course of this project.
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Mitchell, Jonathan. "Measurement Of Negative Affectivity In Psychometrically Defined Schizotypy Using Facial Electromyography." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5673.
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Schizotypy is a sub-threshold syndrome associated with schizophrenia. Much of the research on schizotypy concerns its component features, one of which being blunted or constricted affect. While several investigations have addressed this common “negative” symptom within the context of schizophrenia, few have focused on schizotypy directly, and none have utilized psychophysiological measurement to examine affective constriction. The present investigation uses facial electromyography (EMG) to measure patterns of affective expression within a psychometrically defined schizotypal population when presented threatening and distressing pictures from the IAPS. Twenty-eight individuals with elevated schizotypal features and 20 healthy controls were recruited for this investigation. The participants observed the series of pictures and provided self-report ratings of affective valance and arousal while their physiological responses were recorded. The protocol used here closely matched that used by Bradley and Lang (2007) and produced a similar pattern of results across all participants on self-reported ratings and physiological measures. Results further suggest that those with schizotypal features did not differ from control participants in self-reported ratings of negative affect or autonomic arousal. A three-way interaction in facial EMG measurement revealed that while schizotypic males demonstrated the expected pattern of blunted facial affective expression, schizotypic females displayed the opposite pattern. That is, females with psychometrically schizotypy demonstrated significant elevations in negative facial affective expression while viewing distressing pictures. We argue that these findings reflect unidentified sex differences in affective expression in schizotypy, and we discuss implications for assessment and diagnostic procedures among individuals with personality disorders.M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology Clinical
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Arellano, Tavara Diana Di Lorenza. "Visualization of Affect in Faces based on Context Appraisal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84078.
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Virtual Characters are more than avatars capable of expressing emotions and interact with the users. Virtual Characters should be seen as a very reliable representation of a human being, capable of expressing all the possible affective traits after the appraisal and evaluation of what is happening around and inside them. They should feel and express what they are feeling; they should convince you they are “real”.
To achieve this level of believability several researchers have proposed different computational and affective models, as well as graphical techniques to simulate expressions, gestures, behavior or voice. All this state of art has provided us with sufficient data and information to see what else needs to be done.
As a result, we propose a contextual and affective framework that allows the generation of the context that surrounds the character as well as the simulation of its psychological characteristics like preferences, standards, personality, or admiration for other agents.
Moreover, the framework proposes novel and implementation independent techniques for the visualization of emotions and mood.
Through experimentation we come up with a set of head-position/eye-gaze configurations that are perceived as certain personality traits, we validate the generation of expressions for moods, and assessed the feasibility of the context generation through movie scenes, which translated into our system, triggered the same emotions and elicit the same facial expressions as in the movie.
This research is a step forward in the creation of more believable virtual characters, by pointing out other elements that should be considered when creating characters that can be used in affective HCI applications, storytelling, or virtual worlds for entertainment (e.g. Videogames) or for therapies (e.g. in therapies with autistic children).Hablar de personajes virtuales implica hablar de mucho más que avatares capaces de expresar emociones e interactuar con los usuarios. Los personajes virtuales deberían ser vistos como una representación fidedigna de los seres humanos, capaces de expresar un amplio rango de rasgos afectivos después de haber analizado y evaluado qué ocurre fuera y dentro de ellos. Deben sentir y expresar lo que sienten de tal forma que logren convencer que son reales. Para alcanzar este nivel de credibilidad gran cantidad de investigadores han propuesto diferentes modelos afectivos y computacionales, así como técnicas en gráficos para simular expresiones, gestos, comportamientos y voz. Todo este trabajo previo nos ha permitido obtener suficientes datos para analizar qué más se puede hacer en esta área. Como resultado, proponemos una metodología que permite la generación automática del contexto que rodea al personaje, así como la simulación de sus características psicológicas como preferencias, estándares, personalidad, o admiración por otros agentes. Más aún, se presentan novedosos algoritmos independientes de la implementación para la visualización de emociones y humor. Mediante experimentos y test que miden el grado de percepción en los usuarios asociamos un conjunto de configuraciones “orientación de la cabeza/dirección de la mirada” a rasgos de personalidad, y validamos el método para generar expresiones de humor. También evaluamos la habilidad de la generación de contexto usando escenas de películas, obteniendo el mismo set de emociones y expresiones faciales que en dichas películas. Finalmente, cabe destacar que este trabajo de investigación es un paso hacia adelante en la creación de personajes más creíbles, ya que indica qué elementos deberían tomarse en cuenta al momento de crear personajes virtuales que puedan ser usados en aplicaciones Interacción persona-ordenador, cuentacuentos, o mundos virtuales destinados al entretenimiento (videojuegos) o fines médicos (terapias con niños autistas)
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Münkler, Paula [Verfasser]. "Biased recognition of facial affect in patients with major depressive disorder reflects clinical state / Paula Münkler." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1114137588/34.
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Chapman, Harriet. "Facial affect processing in violent offenders : a comparison of intimate partner violent and generally violent men." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6979/.
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This thesis explores facial affect processing in violent offenders, with a specific focus on how patterns of impairment seen in Intimate Partner Violent (IPV) prisoners differ to those of other violent prisoners. Chapter one introduces IPV as a serious public health concern with inadequate treatment efficacy. It discusses the overlap between IPV and non-IPV violence and highlights the need for further research elucidating how the treatment needs of IPV prisoners differ to those of non-IPV prisoners. The role of facial affect processing is then discussed in relation to empathy and violent offending. Chapter two reviews the literature on facial affect processing in violent offenders. The review found deficits in violent offenders’ recognition of negative affect, with deficits in fear, anger and disgust most reliably reported, across indices of accuracy, sensitivity and response bias. Subtleties in processing patterns were observed between violent offenders and non-violent offenders, and between violent offenders and sexually-violent offenders. The review highlighted a dearth of research exploring facial affect processing in IPV prisoners. Chapter three presents a study investigating facial affect processing among IPV and non-IPV violent prisoners and nonoffending controls. It investigated the role of eye-scan paths as a mechanism underpinning recognition deficits in violent offenders and explored the influence of psychopathology on visual scanning behaviour. Groups did not differ in their recognition accuracy but they did differ in their eye-scan paths as a function of intensity and sex of the expression; with nonoffenders demonstrating different visual scanning behaviour relative to offender groups, who did not differ from each other. There was little evidence to suggest that eye-scan paths were influenced by psychopathological profiles of the groups. Chapter four presents a critique of the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2, Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy & Sugarman, 1996), a widely used measure of IPV. The review highlights the objectivity of the measure as both a strength, in terms of its limiting denial, minimisation and cognitive distortions but also a limitation in its failure to take into consideration the context in which the behaviour occurred. The scales’ psychometric properties are also discussed. The thesis conclusions are presented in Chapter five, alongside recommendations for practice and research.
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Tiyaamornwong, Vanessa. "Effects of preschoolers' gender and prosocial behavior on their abilities to decode and encode facial affect." Scholarly Commons, 1999. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/527.
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This study investigated the effect of children's prosocial behavior and gender on their abilities to decode and encode facial expressions. Four hypotheses were addressed in this study. The first hypothesis predicted a positive correlation between decoding abilities and pro social behavior of preschool-level children. The second hypothesis made a similar prediction, but between encoding abilities and prosocial behavior. Hypothesis three predicted that female preschoolers would be more accurate in decoding facial affect than would male preschoolers. Finally, hypothesis four predicted that females would have greater success with encoding emotions than would their male counterparts. A total of 132 children from a local private preschool participated in this study. Results showed a non-significant correlation between the decoding abilities of preschoolers and their prosocial behavior. Further analysis of the data revealed a significant negative correlation between the encoding abilities and pro social behavior of preschool children. Support was found for hypothesis three, revealing that females were better decoders of facial affect than were males. Finally, statistical tests indicated that there were no significant differences between females and males and the ability to successfully encode facial expressions. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.
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Bratton, Helen. "Social cognition in antisocial populations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15834.
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Introduction: Impairments in facial affect recognition have been linked to the development of various disorders. The aim of the current work is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining whether this ability is impaired in males with psychopathy or antisocial traits, when compared to healthy individuals. Method: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they compared facial affect recognition in either a) psychopathic vs. antisocial males, b) psychopathic vs. healthy controls and c) antisocial vs. healthy controls. Primary outcomes were group differences in overall emotion recognition, fear recognition, and sadness recognition. Secondary outcomes were differences in recognition of disgust, happiness, surprise and anger. Results: Fifteen papers comprising 214 psychopathic males, 491 antisocial males and 386 healthy community controls were identified. In psychopathy, limited evidence suggested impairments in fear (k=2), sadness (k=1) and surprise (k=1) recognition relative to healthy individuals, but overall affect recognition ability was not affected (k=2). Findings were inconclusive for antisocial (k=4-6), although impairments in surprise (k=4) and disgust (k=5) recognition were observed. Psychopathic and antisocial samples did not differ in their ability to detect sadness (k=4), but psychopaths were less able to recognise happiness (k=4) and surprise (k=3). Conclusion: Limited evidence suggests psychopathic and antisocial personality traits are associated with small to moderate deficits in specific aspects of emotion recognition. However considerable heterogeneity was identified, and study quality was often poor. Adequately powered studies using validated assessment measures, rater masking and a priori public registration of hypotheses and methods are required.
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Herridge, Matthew L. "The effects of hostility and arousal on facial affect perception : a test of a neuropsychological model of hostility /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02052007-072449/.
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Kordik, Annette [Verfasser], and Oliver C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schultheiss. "Implicit Motives and Affect : facial EMG as an indicator of dispositional differences / Annette Kordik. Betreuer: Oliver Schultheiss." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015474586/34.
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Jain, Varun. "Visual Observation of Human Emotions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENM006/document.
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Cette thèse a pour sujet le développement de méthodes et de techniques permettant d'inférer l'état affectif d'une personne à partir d'informations visuelles. Plus précisement, nous nous intéressons à l'analyse d'expressions du visage, puisque le visage est la partie la mieux visible du corps, et que l'expression du visage est la manifestation la plus évidente de l'affect. Nous étudions différentes théories psychologiques concernant affect et émotions, et différentes facons de représenter et de classifier les émotions d'une part et la relation entre expression du visage et émotion sousjacente d'autre part. Nous présentons les dérivées Gaussiennes multi-échelle en tant que descripteur dímages pour l'estimation de la pose de la tête, pour la détection de sourire, puis aussi pour la mesure de l'affect. Nous utilisons l'analyse en composantes principales pour la réduction de la dimensionalité, et les machines à support de vecteur pour la classification et la regression. Nous appliquons cette même architecture, simple et efficace, aux différents problèmes que sont l'estimation de la pose de tête, la détection de sourire, et la mesure d'affect. Nous montrons que non seulement les dérivées Gaussiennes multi-échelle ont une performance supérieure aux populaires filtres de Gabor, mais qu'elles sont également moins coûteuses en calculs. Lors de nos expérimentations nous avons constaté que dans le cas d'un éclairage partiel du visage les dérivées Gaussiennes multi-échelle ne fournissent pas une description d'image suffisamment discriminante. Pour résoudre ce problème nous combinons des dérivées Gaussiennes avec des histogrammes locaux de type LBP (Local Binary Pattern). Avec cette combinaison nous obtenons des résultats à la hauteur de l'état de l'art pour la détection de sourire dans le base d'images GENKI qui comporte des images de personnes trouvées «dans la nature» sur internet, et avec la difficile «extended YaleB database». Pour la classification dans la reconnaissance de visage nous utilisons un apprentissage métrique avec comme mesure de similarité une distance de Minkowski. Nous obtenons le résultat que les normes L1 and L2 ne fournissent pas toujours la distance optimale; cet optimum est souvent obtenu avec une norme Lp où p n'est pas entier. Finalement, nous développons un système multi-modal pour la détection de dépressions nerveuses, avec en entrée des informations audio et vidéo. Pour la détection de mouvements intra-faciaux dans les données vidéo nous utilisons de descripteurs de type LBP-TOP (Local Binary Patterns -Three Orthogonal Planes), alors que nous utilisons des trajectoires denses pour les mouvements plus globaux, par exemple de la tête ou des épaules. Nous avons trouvé que les descripteurs LBP-TOP encodés avec des vecteurs de Fisher suffisent pour dépasser la performance de la méthode de reférence dans la compétition «Audio Visual Emotion Challenge (AVEC) 2014». Nous disposons donc d'une technique effective pour l'evaluation de l'état dépressif, technique qui peut aisement être étendue à d'autres formes d'émotions qui varient lentement, comme l'humeur (mood an Anglais)In this thesis we focus on the development of methods and techniques to infer affect from visual information. We focus on facial expression analysis since the face is one of the least occluded parts of the body and facial expressions are one of the most visible manifestations of affect. We explore the different psychological theories on affect and emotion, different ways to represent and classify emotions and the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions. We present the use of multiscale Gaussian derivatives as an image descriptor for head pose estimation, smile detection before using it for affect sensing. Principal Component Analysis is used for dimensionality reduction while Support Vector Machines are used for classification and regression. We are able to employ the same, simple and effective architecture for head pose estimation, smile detection and affect sensing. We also demonstrate that not only do multiscale Gaussian derivatives perform better than the popular Gabor Filters but are also computationally less expensive to compute. While performing these experiments we discovered that multiscale Gaussian derivatives do not provide an appropriately discriminative image description when the face is only partly illuminated. We overcome this problem by combining Gaussian derivatives with Local Binary Pattern (LBP) histograms. This combination helps us achieve state-of-the-art results for smile detection on the benchmark GENKI database which contains images of people in the "wild" collected from the internet. We use the same description method for face recognition on the CMU-PIE database and the challenging extended YaleB database and our results compare well with the state-of-the-art. In the case of face recognition we use metric learning for classification, adopting the Minkowski distance as the similarity measure. We find that L1 and L2 norms are not always the optimum distance metrics and the optimum is often an Lp norm where p is not an integer. Lastly we develop a multi-modal system for depression estimation with audio and video information as input. We use Local Binary Patterns -Three Orthogonal Planes (LBP-TOP) features to capture intra-facial movements in the videos and dense trajectories for macro movements such as the movement of the head and shoulders. These video features along with Low Level Descriptor (LLD) audio features are encoded using Fisher Vectors and finally a Support Vector Machine is used for regression. We discover that the LBP-TOP features encoded with Fisher Vectors alone are enough to outperform the baseline method on the Audio Visual Emotion Challenge (AVEC) 2014 database. We thereby present an effective technique for depression estimation which can be easily extended for other slowly varying aspects of emotions such as mood
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Kadison, Lisa. "Subtypes of anhedonia and facial electromyography response to negative affective pictures in healthy adults." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/856.
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Flat affect (i.e., diminished expressivity) and self-reported anhedonia (i.e., lack of pleasure) are associated with many psychiatric disorders. There is a need to examine the relationship between specific anhedonia subtypes and flat affect in a non-clinical sample. Forty-seven undergraduate students (59% male; mean age 20.37; SD = 4.74) completed self-report questionnaires assessing four subtypes of anhedonia - consummatory/anticipatory by social/non-social. Participants then viewed 15 randomly-presented pictures (five neutral, ten negative) from the International Affective Pictures System while facial muscle activity (electromyography; EMG) was recorded. Male participants reporting a greater level of anhedonia, particularly consummatory social anhedonia, showed greater EMG activity change in the corrugator supercilii muscle to negative pictures, as compared with neutral pictures. Females showed the opposite pattern: more consummatory social anhedonia related to less EMG activity change in the corrugator muscle. In summary, consummatory social anhedonia in particular showed a strong relationship with facial expressivity that interacted with sex. In the presence of more consummatory social anhedonia, males show more negative facial reactions to negative stimuli while females show a more flattened affect. These findings may help explain discrepancies in existing research examining anhedonia and flat affect in clinical populations and have implications for etiology and treatments.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Limbrecht, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Die standardisierte Erfassung der Emotionserkennungsfähigkeit aus Gesichtern - Erstellung und Anwendung der "Pictures of Facial Affect-Ulm" / Kerstin Limbrecht." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025012380/34.
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Green, Melissa Jayne. "Facial affect processing in delusion-prone and deluded individuals: A continuum approach to the study of delusion formation." University of Sydney. Psychology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/792.
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This thesis examines attentional and cognitive biases for particular facial expressions in delusion-prone and deluded individuals. The exploration of cognitive biases in delusion-prone individuals provides one means of elucidating psychological processes that might be involved in the genesis of delusions. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the continuum approach to schizophrenia, and outlines recent theoretical conceptualisations of delusions. The study of schizophrenia phenomena at the symptom level has become a popular method of inquiry, given the heterogeneous phenotypic expression of schizophrenia, and the uncertainty surrounding the existence of a core neuropathology. Delusions are one of the most commonly experienced symptoms of schizophrenia, and have traditionally been regarded as fixed, false beliefs that are pathognomonic of an organic disease process. However, recent phenomenological evidence of delusional ideation in the general population has led to the conceptualisation of delusions as multi-dimensional entities, lying at the extreme end of a continuum from normal through to maladaptive beliefs. Recent investigations of the information processing abnormalities in deluded individuals are reviewed in Chapter 2. This strand of research has revealed evidence of various biases in social cognition, particularly in relation to threat-related material, in deluded individuals. These biases are evident in probabilistic reasoning, attribution style, and attention, but there has been relatively little investigation of cognitive aberrations in delusion-prone individuals. In the present thesis, social-cognitive biases were examined in relation to a standard series of faces that included threat-related (anger, fear) and non-threatening (happy, sad) expressions, in both delusion-prone and clinically deluded individuals. Chapters 3 and 4 present the results of behavioural (RT, affect recognition accuracy) and visual scanpath investigations in healthy participants assessed for level of delusion- proneness. The results indicate that delusion-prone individuals are slower at processing angry faces, and show a general (rather than emotion-specific) impairment in facial affect recognition, compared to non-prone healthy controls. Visual scanpath studies show that healthy individuals tend to direct more foveal fixations to the feature areas (eyes, nose, mouth) of threat-related facial expressions (anger, fear). By contrast, delusion-prone individuals exhibit reduced foveal attention to threat-related faces, combined with �extended� scanpaths, that may be interpreted as an attentional pattern of �vigilance-avoidance� for social threat. Chapters 5 and 6 extend the work presented in Chapters 3 and 4, by investigating the presence of similar behavioural and attentional biases in deluded schizophrenia, compared to healthy control and non-deluded schizophrenia groups. Deluded schizophrenia subjects exhibited a similar delay in processing angry faces, compared to non-prone control participants, while both deluded and non-deluded schizophrenia groups displayed a generalised affect recognition deficit. Visual scanpath investigations revealed a similar style of avoiding a broader range of negative (anger, fear, sad) faces in deluded schizophrenia, as well as a common pattern of fewer fixations with shorter duration, and reduced attention to facial features of all faces in both deluded and non-deluded schizophrenia. The examination of inferential biases for emotions displayed in facial expressions is presented in Chapter 7 in a study of causal attributional style. The results of this study provide some support for a �self-serving� bias in deluded schizophrenia, as well as evidence for an inability to appreciate situational cues when making causal judgements in both delusion-prone and deluded schizophrenia. A theoretical integration of the current findings is presented in Chapter 8, with regard to the implications for cognitive theories of delusions, and neurobiological models of schizophrenia phenomena, more generally. Visual attention biases for threat-related facial expressions in delusion-prone and deluded schizophrenia are consistent with proposals of neural dysconnectivity between frontal-limbic networks, while attributional biases and impaired facial expression perception may reflect dysfunction in a broader �social brain� network encompassing these and medial temporal lobe regions. Strong evidence for attentional biases and affect recognition deficits in delusion-prone individuals implicates their role in the development of delusional beliefs, but the weaker evidence for attributional biases in delusion-prone individuals suggests that inferential biases about others� emotions may be relevant only to the maintenance of delusional beliefs (or that attributional biases for others� emotional states may reflect other, trait-linked difficulties related to mentalising ability). In summary, the work presented in this thesis demonstrates the utility of adopting a single-symptom approach to schizophrenia within the continuum framework, and attests to the importance of further investigations of aberrant social cognition in relation to the development of delusions.
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Green, Melissa Jayne. "Facial affect processing in delusion-prone and deluded individuals a continuum approach to the study of delusion formation /." Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/792.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.Includes published papers co-authored by Green. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Science. Degree awarded 2002; thesis submitted 2001. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Parker-Price, Susan. "Young infants' attention and emotional responses to dynamic and static bimodal displays of affect." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38546.
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映菡, 朱., and Yinghan Zhu. "Attending to negative affect : the premier expression serves as the source of initial output." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13071705/?lang=0, 2018. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13071705/?lang=0.
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本論文は，われわれの感情が表情として表出されるとき, 通常の顕在化した表出に先行して，刺激に対する無意識，かつ"真"の感情を反映すると考えられる"premier expressions"の存在を探ることを目的として行われたものである。本論文では，感情喚起刺激による表情表出過程を，刺激に対しまず現れる反応と，第1反応に続く，誇張や，抑制など様々な心理的調整を反映した第2の反応に分けてとらえている。この最初の反応を"premier expressions"と呼ぶ。この語は本論文提出者の造語である。"premier expressions"の理論的根拠はTomkins(1961)の感情理論の中に見られるが，これまでその存在を実証したものはない。本論文が研究対象としている"premier expressions"はこのTomkins のいう最初に生じる反応，あるいはそれに類似した反応と考えられる。This research consists of three experiments aiming to determine the existence of the premier expression and its features. We defined the premier expression as a primitive, reflex-like, automatic facial response to evoked emotion that cannot be modified by one's conscious or unconscious effort because of its initiating timing and speed. However, a facial response develops after the premier expression that corresponds to a generally recognized facial expression, which is easily concealed or modified by display rules or social context. The premier expression is regarded as the first response to induced emotion, and might not even be visible to the naked eye because of its speed and subtlety. This postulation is based on Darwin’s first principle of expression (1872/2009) and Tomkins' (1962) hypothesis that the face is the primary site of affect and has priority over the outer skeletal and inner visceral behaviors (i.e., blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance) for the expression of emotion, since it is a faster, more precise and visible display.
博士(心理学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology
同志社大学
Doshisha University