Relevant bibliographies by topics / Facial affect

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Facial affect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Facial affect"

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Schiano, Diane J., Sheryl Ehrlich, Krisnawan Rahardja, and Kyle Sheridan. "Measuring and modeling facial affect." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 32, no. 4 (December 2000): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03200822.

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Frigerio, Elisa, D. Michael Burt, Barbara Montagne, Lindsey K. Murray, and David I. Perrett. "Facial affect perception in alcoholics." Psychiatry Research 113, no. 1-2 (December 2002): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00244-5.

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Williams, Beth T., Julie D. Henry, and Melissa J. Green. "Facial affect recognition and schizotypy." Early Intervention in Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (May 2007): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00023.x.

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Ruiz-Veguilla, Miguel, José Luis Rubio, Maite Ferrín, Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla, Ester Marín, Maria Luisa Barrigón, Manuel Gurpegui, and Jorge Cervilla. "FACIAL AFFECT RECOGNITION AND SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Research 102, no. 1-3 (June 2008): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(08)70442-0.

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Lewis, Stephen, Robert J. Thoma, Marianna D. Lanoue, Gregory A. Miller, Wendy Heller, Christopher Edgar, Minxiong Huang, et al. "Visual processing of facial affect." NeuroReport 14, no. 14 (October 2003): 1841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200310060-00017.

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Jones, Alex L., Carlota Batres, Aurélie Porcheron, Jennifer R. Sweda, Frédérique Morizot, and Richard Russell. "Positive facial affect looks healthy." Visual Cognition 26, no. 1 (September 19, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2017.1369202.

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Hess, Ursula, Pierre Philippot, and Sylvie Blairy. "Facial Reactions to Emotional Facial Expressions: Affect or Cognition?" Cognition & Emotion 12, no. 4 (July 1998): 509–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026999398379547.

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Fecica, Agnieszka M., and Jennifer A. Stolz. "Facial Affect and Temporal Order Judgments." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.1.3.

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Abstract. The influence of facial affect on the perception of temporal order was examined in the context of the temporal order judgment (TOJ) paradigm. Two schematic faces were presented either simultaneously, or separated by varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; -100 ms, -34 ms, -17 ms, 17 ms, 34 ms, 100 ms), and participants had to judge which face appeared first. Each schematic face displayed one of three emotions; happy, neutral, or angry. Facial affect was found to influence judgments of temporal order at short SOAs (-17 ms, 0 ms, and 17 ms) but not at the longest SOAs (-100 ms and 100 ms), consistent with the hypothesis that facial affect influences relative onset judgments when they are difficult to make.
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Federman, Edward J., Charles E. Drebing, Jeffrey I. Zaref, and Godehard Oepen. "Processing and Recognition of Facial Affect in Schizophrenia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 2 (October 1998): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.484.

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A deficit in the recognition of facial affect has been well documented in people with schizophrenia. Our 1995 research with normal subjects showed that hemispheric bias for processing facial affect is related to accuracy of recognition of facial affect. We tested whether this relationship holds in a sample of 25 people with schizophrenia who completed tasks of identification of facial affect and chimeric facial affect. Subjects with a left visual-field bias were significantly more accurate in identifying one facial emotion (sad) than were other subjects. Individual differences in hemispheric advantage for processing affect appears to be an important variable related to functional br capacity within different populations.
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Komlosi, S., G. Csukly, G. Stefanics, I. Czigler, and P. Czobor. "Facial affect recognition: Electrophysiological findings in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72131-9.

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IntroductionWhile deficits in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia have consistently been shown, the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. Electrophysiological measures, such as event-related brain potentials related to facial emotion recognition yield insight into the time course of recognizing emotional faces.ObjectivesIn our study we aimed to delineate the neurophysiological correlates of facial emotion recognition and to investigate where, when, and what components in the course of emotional information processing show impairment in schizophrenia.MethodologyWe collected data using a 128-channel EEG recording system for testing an experimental facial emotion recognition paradigm with 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 matched healthy controls. Subjects were presented fearful and neutral emotional facial expressions on a monitor and asked to make decisions via a button press relating to either the gender or the emotion of the presented face.ResultsOur findings revealed that ERPs of pateints with schizophrenia significantly differed from those of matched healthy controls in several components and areas characteristic to facial emotion processing, showing differences in both early and late ERP components of emotional face processing. Significant main effects of task (gender vs emotion) and emotion (fear vs neutral) were also found.ConclusionThe finding that patients with schizophrenia, as compared to healthy controls, show differences in emotional face processing in several cortical areas and time intervals underlines the hypotheses that a deficit in affect recognition may originate from the impairment of a distributed facial emotion recognition network, including both early perceptual and later phases of facial emotion processing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Facial affect"

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Bordon, Natalie Sarah. "Facial affect recognition in psychosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22865.

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While a correlation between suffering from psychosis and an increased risk of engaging in aggressive behaviours has been established, many factors have been explored which may contribute to increasing this risk. Patients with a diagnosis of psychosis have been shown to have significant difficulties in facial affect recognition (FAR) and some authors have proposed that this may contribute to increasing the risk of displaying aggressive or violent behaviours. A systematic review of the current evidence regarding the links between facial affect recognition and aggression was conducted. Results were varied with some studies providing evidence of a link between emotion recognition difficulties and aggression, while others were unable to establish such an association. Results should be interpreted with some caution as the quality of included studies was poor due to small sample sizes, insufficient power and limited reporting of results. Adequately powered, randomised controlled studies using appropriate blinding procedures and validated measures are therefore required. There is a substantial evidence base demonstrating difficulties in emotional perception in patients with psychosis, with evidence suggesting a relationship with reduced social functioning, increased aggression and more severe symptoms of psychosis. In this review we aim to review this field to assess if there is a causal link between facial affect recognition difficulties and psychosis. The Bradford Hill criteria for establishing a causal relationship from observational data were used to generate key hypotheses, which were then tested against existing evidence. Where a published meta-analysis was not already available, new meta-analyses were conducted. A large effect of FAR difficulties in those with a diagnosis of psychosis, with a small to moderate correlation between FAR problems and symptoms of psychosis was found. Evidence was provided for the existence of FAR problems in those at clinical high risk of psychosis, while remediation of psychosis symptoms did not appear to impact FAR difficulties. There appears to be good evidence of the existence of facial affect recognition difficulties in the causation of psychosis, though larger, longitudinal studies are required to provide further evidence of this.
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Hattiangadi, Nina Uday. "Facial affect processing across a perceptual timeline : a comparison of two models of facial affect processing /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004278.

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Kreklewetz, Kimberly. "Facial affect recognition in psychopathic offenders /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2166.

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Getz, Glen Edward. "FACIAL AFFECT RECOGNITON DEFICITS IN BIPOLAR DISORDER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin985628344.

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Sherman, Adam Grant. "Development of a test of facial affect recognition /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9510111.

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Paulson, Autumn Melody. "Impairment in facial affect recognition deficit or anxiety? /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2976.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Padgett, Curtis. "A neural network model for facial affect classification /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campusesd, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907599.

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Mourão, André Belchior. "Robust facial expression analysis for affect-based interaction." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8292.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática
Interaction is moving towards new and more natural approaches. Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is increasingly expanding towards more modalities of human expression such as gestures, body movements and other natural interactions. In this thesis, we propose to extend existing interaction paradigms by including the face as an affect-based input. Affective interaction methods can greatly change the way computers interact with humans; these methods can detect displays of user moods, such as frustration or engagement and adapt the experience accordingly. We have created an affect-based framework that encompasses face detection, face recognition and facial expression recognition and applied it in a computer game. ImEmotion is a two-player game where the player who best mimics an expression wins. The game combines face detection with facial expression recognition to recognize and rate an expression in real time. A controlled evaluation of the framework algorithms and a game trial with 46 users showed the potential of the framework and success of the usage of affect-based interaction based on facial expressions in the game. Despite the novelty of the interaction approach and the limitations of computer vision algorithms, players adapted and became competitive easily.
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Ale, Chelsea M. "Social anxiety and facial affect recognition in preschool children." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5731.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 33 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-23).
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Fields, Alicia D. "Recognition of facial affect in adults with attention problems." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2984.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 107. Thesis director: Johannes Rojahn. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 15, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-106). Also issued in print.
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Books on the topic "Facial affect"

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A, Tsihrintzis George, ed. Visual affect recognition. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2010.

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A brief history of the smile. New York: Basic Books, 2004.

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Shaibani, Aziz. Facial Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0005.

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Unilateral or bilateral facial weakness is an important manifestation of many neuromuscular disorders; some of them are as simple as Bell’s palsy while others are as serious as Guillain-Barrésyndrome. Facial weakness can be easily mimicked, and therefore psychogenic etiology should always be borne in mind. Peripheral facial weakness affects all functions and parts, while central weakness may save the upper face and may affect emotional and voluntary functions differentially. There are several causes of bilateral facial palsy but statistically, Bell’s palsy is still the most common. Long term complications of facial palsy can be devastating and facial rejuvination surgery is usually only modestly effective.
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Shaibani, Aziz. Facial Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0005.

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Unilateral or bilateral facial weakness is an important manifestation of many neuromuscular disorders; some of them are as simple as Bell’s palsy, while others are as serious as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Facial weakness can be easily mimicked, and therefore, psychogenic etiology should always be kept in mind. Peripheral facial weakness affects all functions and parts, while central weakness may save the upper face and may affect emotional and voluntary functions differentially. Botulinum toxin injection has become a common cause of facial palsy, therefore detailed history is crucial. Examination of the sensory and motor systems is important to define the type and cause. Imaging and electrodiagnostic testing are often needed in the diagnostic process.
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Wilmshurst, Linda A. Encoding and decoding of posed facial expressions and personal response style. 1989.

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Affekte und die Regulation nonverbalen, interaktiven Verhaltens: Strukturelle Aspekte des mimisch-affektiven Verhaltens und die Integration von Affekten in Regulationsmodelle. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 1996.

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Russell, James A. Toward a Broader Perspective on Facial Expressions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0006.

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This chapter offers an alternative account to the basic emotion theory. In my alternative, termed psychological construction, episodes called “emotional” consist of changes in various component processes (peripheral physiological changes, information processing including appraisals and attributions, expressive and instrumental behavior, subjective experiences), no one of which is itself an emotion or necessary or sufficient for an emotion to be instantiated. One hypothesis, for example, is that the production of facial expressions is accounted for by one or more of various alternative sources(such as perception, cognition, signaling of intented behavior, paralanguage, preparation for action, or core affect), not by a discrete emotion or affect program dedicated exclusively to emotion or to a specific emotion.
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Gilad-Gutnick, Sharon, and Pawan Sinha. The Presidential Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0090.

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The effectiveness of the presidential illusion underscores the important point that by excluding external facial features, such as the head and hair shape, we lose critical information about the way faces are represented in real life. This chapter considers the question of whether whole-head processing is a general principle that can be extended to all face processes or if it specifically reflects the nature of facial encoding used by the visual system for the identification of individuals. For example, would supplementing the internal features of one face with those of another affect the perception of other common facial attributes, such as gender, race, or age? The eyes, nose, and mouth are believed to be the primary purveyors of facial identity. The presidential illusion challenges this dogma and suggests that external head features (the hair and jawline) are also crucial constituents of facial representation and strongly influence identity judgments.
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Ellis, Kathryn. A Brief Overview of the Effect of War Injuries on Sexual Health and Intimacy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190461508.003.0001.

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This chapter establishes definitions of sexual health and intimacy, provides insight into how they interact and affect successful relationships, and communicates the importance of addressing the sexual and intimacy needs of injured service members and their partners. Common deployment-related diagnoses, including post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, orthopedic injuries, spinal cord injuries, genital injuries, burns, and facial injuries, and their possible corresponding limitations are reviewed, along with how such limitations can result in sexual avoidance and intimacy avoidance, thus leading to more relationship issues and poor quality of life. The experience of partners, including perceptions about the dependence of the injured service member, is discussed as well.
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Bindemann, Markus, ed. Forensic Face Matching. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837749.001.0001.

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Person identification at passport control, at borders, in police investigations, and in criminal trials relies critically on the identity verification of people via image-to-image or person-to-image comparison. While this task is known as ‘facial image comparison’ in forensic settings, it has been studied as ‘unfamiliar face matching’ in cognitive science. This book brings together expertise from practitioners, and academics in psychology and law, to draw together what is currently known about these tasks. It explains the problem of identity impostors and how within-person variability and between-person similarity, due to factors such as image quality, lighting direction, and view, affect identification. A framework to develop a cognitive theory of face matching is offered. The face-matching abilities of untrained lay observers, facial reviewers, facial examiners, and super-recognizers are analysed and contrasted. Individual differences between observers, learning and training for face recognition and face matching, and personnel selection are reviewed. The admissibility criteria of evidence from face matching in legal settings are considered, focusing on aspects such as the requirement of relevance, the prohibition on evidence of opinion, and reliability. Key concepts relevant to automatic face recognition algorithms at airports and in police investigations are explained, such as deep convolutional neural networks, biometrics, and human–computer interaction. Finally, new security threats in the form of hyper-realistic mask disguises are considered, including the impact these have on person identification in applied and laboratory settings.
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Book chapters on the topic "Facial affect"

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Otto, Charles, Hu Han, and Anil Jain. "How Does Aging Affect Facial Components?" In Computer Vision – ECCV 2012. Workshops and Demonstrations, 189–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33868-7_19.

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Heylen, Dirk, Mattijs Ghijsen, Anton Nijholt, and Rieks op den Akker. "Facial Signs of Affect During Tutoring Sessions." In Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 24–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11573548_4.

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Kollias, Dimitrios, Shiyang Cheng, Maja Pantic, and Stefanos Zafeiriou. "Photorealistic Facial Synthesis in the Dimensional Affect Space." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 475–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11012-3_36.

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Johnston, Patrick, and Vaughan Carr. "Facial Affect Recognition Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Case for Applying Facial Measurement Techniques." In The Human Face, 119–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1063-5_6.

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Niese, Robert, Ayoub Al-Hamadi, and Heiko Neumann. "Automated Analysis of Head Pose, Facial Expression and Affect." In Cognitive Technologies, 365–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43665-4_18.

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Cantos, Sherlo Yvan, Jeriah Kjell Miranda, Melisa Renee Tiu, and Mary Czarinelle Yeung. "Marker-Less Gesture and Facial Expression Based Affect Modeling." In Proceedings in Information and Communications Technology, 221–41. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54436-4_18.

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Shin, Young-suk. "Facial Expression Recognition Based on the Two-Dimensional Structure of Affect." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 912–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27868-9_100.

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Hussain, M. S., and Rafael A. Calvo. "Multimodal Affect Detection from Physiological and Facial Features during ITS Interaction." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 472–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21869-9_73.

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Zakka, Benisemeni Esther, and Hima Vadapalli. "Detecting Learning Affect in E-Learning Platform Using Facial Emotion Expression." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 217–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49345-5_23.

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García, Arturo S., Elena Navarro, Antonio Fernández-Caballero, and Pascual González. "Towards the Design of Avatar-Based Therapies for Enhancing Facial Affect Recognition." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 306–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01746-0_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Facial affect"

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Ehrlich, Sheryl M., Diane J. Schiano, and Kyle Sheridan. "Communicating facial affect." In CHI '00 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/633292.633439.

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Schiano, Diane J., Sheryl M. Ehrlich, and Kyle Sheridan. "Categorical perception of facial affect." In CHI '01 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/634067.634244.

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Schiano, Diane J., Sheryl M. Ehrlich, and Kyle Sheridan. "Categorical perception of facial affect." In CHI '01 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/634239.634244.

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Impett, Leonardo, Peter Robinson, and Tadas Baltrusaitis. "A facial affect mapping engine." In the companion publication of the 19th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2559184.2559203.

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Hupont, Isabelle, David Abadia, Sandra Baldassarri, Eva Cerezo, and Rafael Del-Hoyo. "Facial Affect Sensing for T-learning." In 2010 22nd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2010.109.

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Lade, Prasanth, Vineeth N. Balasubramanian, and Sethuraman Panchanathan. "Latent Facial Topics for affect analysis." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2013.6618337.

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Triantafyllou, Andreas, and George Tsihrintzis. "Group Affect Recognition: Visual - Facial Data Collection." In 2017 IEEE 29th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2017.00108.

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Thomas, Ashin Marin, and Myounghoon Jeon. "Comparative Analysis of Facial Affect Detection Algorithms." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283205.

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"Facial Affect Recognition for Cognitive-behavioural Therapy." In Sixth International Symposium on e-Health Services and Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004474200640068.

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Zakka, Benisemeni Esther, and Hima Vadapalli. "Estimating Student Learning Affect Using Facial Emotions *." In 2020 2nd International Multidisciplinary Information Technology and Engineering Conference (IMITEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imitec50163.2020.9334075.

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Reports on the topic "Facial affect"

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Tavakoli, Arash, Vahid Balali, and Arsalan Heydarian. How do Environmental Factors Affect Drivers’ Gaze and Head Movements? Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2044.

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Studies have shown that environmental factors affect driving behaviors. For instance, weather conditions and the presence of a passenger have been shown to significantly affect the speed of the driver. As one of the important measures of driving behavior is the gaze and head movements of the driver, such metrics can be potentially used towards understanding the effects of environmental factors on the driver’s behavior in real-time. In this study, using a naturalistic study platform, videos have been collected from six participants for more than four weeks of a fully naturalistic driving scenario. The videos of both the participants’ faces and roads have been cleaned and manually categorized depending on weather, road type, and passenger conditions. Facial videos have been analyzed using OpenFace to retrieve the gaze direction and head movements of the driver. Results, overall, suggest that the gaze direction and head movements of the driver are affected by a combination of environmental factors and individual differences. Specifically, results depict the distracting effect of the passenger on some individuals. In addition, it shows that highways and city streets are the cause for maximum distraction on the driver’s gaze.
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Masha, Nidhila, Jeff MacInnes, and Elizabeth Johnson. Varying Amount of Social Information in an Image Affects Facial Processing Strategies of Participants with an Autism-Related Phenotype. Journal of Young Investigators, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.36.5.56-61.

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Balali, Vahid, Arash Tavakoli, and Arsalan Heydarian. A Multimodal Approach for Monitoring Driving Behavior and Emotions. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1928.

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Studies have indicated that emotions can significantly be influenced by environmental factors; these factors can also significantly influence drivers’ emotional state and, accordingly, their driving behavior. Furthermore, as the demand for autonomous vehicles is expected to significantly increase within the next decade, a proper understanding of drivers’/passengers’ emotions, behavior, and preferences will be needed in order to create an acceptable level of trust with humans. This paper proposes a novel semi-automated approach for understanding the effect of environmental factors on drivers’ emotions and behavioral changes through a naturalistic driving study. This setup includes a frontal road and facial camera, a smart watch for tracking physiological measurements, and a Controller Area Network (CAN) serial data logger. The results suggest that the driver’s affect is highly influenced by the type of road and the weather conditions, which have the potential to change driving behaviors. For instance, when the research defines emotional metrics as valence and engagement, results reveal there exist significant differences between human emotion in different weather conditions and road types. Participants’ engagement was higher in rainy and clear weather compared to cloudy weather. More-over, engagement was higher on city streets and highways compared to one-lane roads and two-lane highways.
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Alviarez, Vanessa, Keith Head, and Thierry Mayer. Global Giants and Local Stars: How Changes in Brand Ownership Affect Competition. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003333.

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We assess the consequences for consumers in 76 countries of multinational acquisitions in beer and spirits. Outcomes depend on how changes in ownership affect markups versus efficiency. We find that owner fixed effects contribute very little to the performance of brands. On average, foreign ownership tends to raise costs and lower appeal. Using the estimated model, we simulate the consequences of counter-factual national merger regulation. The US beer price index would have been 4-7% higher without divestitures. Up to 30% savings could have been obtained in Latin America by emulating the pro-competition policies of the US and EU.
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Mutyasira, Vine. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zimbabwe - Round 1 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.007.

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COVID-19 has undoubtedly affected lives and livelihoods across the globe. In Zimbabwe, preliminary indications point to a worsening economic situation in a country already facing macroeconomic challenges, particularly in rural communities where most households depend on agriculture. National lockdown and movement restrictions have affected agricultural activities as well as access to markets and farming inputs.
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Boniface, Gideon, and C. G. Magomba. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania – Round 2 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.020.

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On 8 June 2020, the Government of Tanzania officially declared the country to be free of COVID-19 and all restrictions have since been lifted. As of 3 December 2020, Tanzania had only 509 confirmed cases of the virus and 21 deaths. Nevertheless, neighbouring countries are still facing the threat of the pandemic, all of which are key trading partners. Their continuing COVID-19 control measures have disrupted regional and domestic agricultural markets and affected local livelihoods and food systems. This study analysed the resulting impacts in those systems in several rice-producing communities in Morogoro Region, south-western Tanzania.
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Isinika, Aida, and John Jeckoniah. The Political Economy of Sunflower in Tanzania: A Case of Singida Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.002.

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This paper looks at the challenges and shortcomings facing the sunflower sub-sector in Tanzania. It showcases the political economy of sunflower based on analyses of the performance of the sector over a 30-year period since the early 1990s, also studying the relations between the importers of edible oil, and the local actors of the sunflower value chain (farmers and processors). In addition, the authors discuss how disparities in accessing resources for production were established across gender, age, wealth status, which led to social differentiation. Following this, they examine how restrictions introduced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected activities and relations along the sunflower value chain.
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Muelaner, Jody Emlyn. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways. SAE International, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021004.

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With the current state of automotive electrification, predicting which electrification pathway is likely to be the most economical over a 10- to 30-year outlook is wrought with uncertainty. The development of a range of technologies should continue, including statically charged battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and EVs designed for a combination of plug-in and electric road system (ERS) supply. The most significant uncertainties are for the costs related to hydrogen supply, electrical supply, and battery life. This greatly is dependent on electrolyzers, fuel-cell costs, life spans and efficiencies, distribution and storage, and the price of renewable electricity. Green hydrogen will also be required as an industrial feedstock for difficult-to-decarbonize areas such as aviation and steel production, and for seasonal energy buffering in the grid. For ERSs, it is critical to understand how battery life will be affected by frequent cycling and the extent to which battery technology from hybrid vehicles can be applied. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways dives into the most critical issues the mobility industry is facing.
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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.001.

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Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.
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