Academic literature on the topic 'Face recognition ability'
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Journal articles on the topic "Face recognition ability"
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Rhodes, Gillian. "Adaptive Coding and Face Recognition." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 3 (June 2017): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417692786.
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Face adaptation generates striking face aftereffects, but is this adaptation useful? The answer appears to be yes, with several lines of evidence suggesting that it contributes to our face-recognition ability. Adaptation to face identity is reduced in a variety of clinical populations with impaired face recognition. In addition, individual differences in face adaptation are linked to face-recognition ability in typical adults. People who adapt more readily to new faces are better at recognizing faces. This link between adaptation and recognition holds for both identity and expression recognition. Adaptation updates face norms, which represent the typical or average properties of the faces we experience. By using these norms to code how faces differ from average, the visual system can make explicit the distinctive information that we need to recognize faces. Thus, adaptive norm-based coding may help us to discriminate and recognize faces despite their similarity as visual patterns.
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Richler, Jennifer J., R. Jackie Floyd, and Isabel Gauthier. "About-face on face recognition ability and holistic processing." Journal of Vision 15, no. 9 (July 29, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.9.15.
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Dennett, Hugh W., Elinor McKone, Mark Edwards, and Tirta Susilo. "Face Aftereffects Predict Individual Differences in Face Recognition Ability." Psychological Science 23, no. 11 (October 16, 2012): 1279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612446350.
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Ueno, Masataka, Hiroki Yamamoto, Kazunori Yamada, and Shoji Itakura. "Development and plasticity in face recognition ability." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 82 (September 25, 2018): 3PM—078–3PM—078. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_3pm-078.
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JOSEPH, ROBERT M., KELLY EHRMAN, REBECCA MCNALLY, and BRANDON KEEHN. "Affective response to eye contact and face recognition ability in children with ASD." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, no. 6 (October 27, 2008): 947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617708081344.
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AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that affective arousal in response to eye contact is negatively associated with face identification skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were 20 children and adolescents with ASD and 20 age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children. Skin conductance response (SCR), a psychophysiological measure of autonomic arousal, was collected while participants viewed faces with gaze directed toward them and faces with gaze averted away from them. Participants also completed an independent match-to-sample face recognition test. Children with ASD exhibited significantly larger SCRs than TD children to faces with direct and averted gaze. There were no differences between SCRs to direct gaze and averted gaze in either group. Children with ASD exhibited a marginally significant decrease in face recognition accuracy relative to TD children, particularly when face recognition depended on the eye region of the face. Face recognition accuracy among children with ASD was negatively correlated with the amplitude of SCRs to direct gaze but not to averted gaze. There was no association between face recognition accuracy and SCRs to gaze in the TD group. These findings suggest that autonomic reactivity to eye contact may interfere with face identity processing in some children with ASD. (JINS, 2008, 14, 947–955.)
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Kramer, Robin S. S. "Forgetting faces over a week: investigating self-reported face recognition ability and personality." PeerJ 9 (July 16, 2021): e11828. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11828.
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Background Although face recognition is now well studied, few researchers have considered the nature of forgetting over longer time periods. Here, I investigated how newly learned faces were recognised over the course of one week. In addition, I considered whether self-reported face recognition ability, as well as Big Five personality dimensions, were able to predict actual performance in a recognition task. Methods In this experiment (N = 570), faces were learned through short video interviews, and these identities were later presented in a recognition test (using previously unseen images) after no delay, six hours, twelve hours, one day, or seven days. Results The majority of forgetting took place within the first 24 hours, with no significant decrease after that timepoint. Further, self-reported face recognition abilities were moderately predictive of performance, while extraversion showed a small, negative association with performance. In both cases, these associations remained consistent across delay conditions. Discussion The current work begins to address important questions regarding face recognition using longitudinal, real-world time intervals, focussing on participant insight into their own abilities, and the process of forgetting more generally.
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Tardif, Jessica, Xavier Morin Duchesne, Sarah Cohan, Jessica Royer, Caroline Blais, Daniel Fiset, Brad Duchaine, and Frédéric Gosselin. "Use of Face Information Varies Systematically From Developmental Prosopagnosics to Super-Recognizers." Psychological Science 30, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618811338.
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Face-recognition abilities differ largely in the neurologically typical population. We examined how the use of information varies with face-recognition ability from developmental prosopagnosics to super-recognizers. Specifically, we investigated the use of facial features at different spatial scales in 112 individuals, including 5 developmental prosopagnosics and 8 super-recognizers, during an online famous-face-identification task using the bubbles method. We discovered that viewing of the eyes and mouth to identify faces at relatively high spatial frequencies is strongly correlated with face-recognition ability, evaluated from two independent measures. We also showed that the abilities of developmental prosopagnosics and super-recognizers are explained by a model that predicts face-recognition ability from the use of information built solely from participants with intermediate face-recognition abilities ( n = 99). This supports the hypothesis that the use of information varies quantitatively from developmental prosopagnosics to super-recognizers as a function of face-recognition ability.
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Shakeshaft, Nicholas G., and Robert Plomin. "Genetic specificity of face recognition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 41 (September 28, 2015): 12887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421881112.
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Specific cognitive abilities in diverse domains are typically found to be highly heritable and substantially correlated with general cognitive ability (g), both phenotypically and genetically. Recent twin studies have found the ability to memorize and recognize faces to be an exception, being similarly heritable but phenotypically substantially uncorrelated both with g and with general object recognition. However, the genetic relationships between face recognition and other abilities (the extent to which they share a common genetic etiology) cannot be determined from phenotypic associations. In this, to our knowledge, first study of the genetic associations between face recognition and other domains, 2,000 18- and 19-year-old United Kingdom twins completed tests assessing their face recognition, object recognition, and general cognitive abilities. Results confirmed the substantial heritability of face recognition (61%), and multivariate genetic analyses found that most of this genetic influence is unique and not shared with other cognitive abilities.
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Russell, Richard, Brad Duchaine, and Ken Nakayama. "Super-recognizers: People with extraordinary face recognition ability." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 16, no. 2 (April 2009): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pbr.16.2.252.
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Furl, Nicholas, Lúcia Garrido, Raymond J. Dolan, Jon Driver, and Bradley Duchaine. "Fusiform Gyrus Face Selectivity Relates to Individual Differences in Facial Recognition Ability." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 7 (July 2011): 1723–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21545.
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Regions of the occipital and temporal lobes, including a region in the fusiform gyrus (FG), have been proposed to constitute a “core” visual representation system for faces, in part because they show face selectivity and face repetition suppression. But recent fMRI studies of developmental prosopagnosics (DPs) raise questions about whether these measures relate to face processing skills. Although DPs manifest deficient face processing, most studies to date have not shown unequivocal reductions of functional responses in the proposed core regions. We scanned 15 DPs and 15 non-DP control participants with fMRI while employing factor analysis to derive behavioral components related to face identification or other processes. Repetition suppression specific to facial identities in FG or to expression in FG and STS did not show compelling relationships with face identification ability. However, we identified robust relationships between face selectivity and face identification ability in FG across our sample for several convergent measures, including voxel-wise statistical parametric mapping, peak face selectivity in individually defined “fusiform face areas” (FFAs), and anatomical extents (cluster sizes) of those FFAs. None of these measures showed associations with behavioral expression or object recognition ability. As a group, DPs had reduced face-selective responses in bilateral FFA when compared with non-DPs. Individual DPs were also more likely than non-DPs to lack expected face-selective activity in core regions. These findings associate individual differences in face processing ability with selectivity in core face processing regions. This confirms that face selectivity can provide a valid marker for neural mechanisms that contribute to face identification ability.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Face recognition ability"
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Clausen, Sally. "I never forget a face! : memory for faces and individual differences in spatial ability and gender." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1394.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Nelson, Elizabeth. "Investigating the Associations between Performance Outcomes on Tasks Indexing Featural, Configural and Holistic Face Processing and Their Correlations with Face Recognition Ability." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37917.
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Many important questions remain unanswered regarding how we recognize faces. Methodological inconsistencies have contributed to confusion regarding these questions, especially those surrounding three purported face processing mechanisms—featural, configural, and holistic—and the extent to which each play a role in face recognition. The work presented here aims to 1) empirically test the assumption that several face recognition tasks index the same underlying construct(s), and 2) contribute data to a number of ongoing debates concerning the reliability and validity of various methods for assessing integrative (i.e., holistic and/or configural) aspects of face processing.
Experiment 1 tested the assumption that various tasks purporting to measure integrative face processing index the same construct(s). It is important to test this assumption because if these tasks are in fact measuring different things, then researchers should cease interpreting them as interchangeable measures. Using a within-subjects design (N = 223) we compared performance—as reflected by accuracy and reaction time measures, as well as two types of difference scores—across four of the most commonly used integrative face processing tasks: The Partial Composite Face Effect Task, the Face Inversion Effect Task, the Part Whole Effect Task, and the Configural/Featural Difference Detection Task.
Analyses showed that within-task correlations were much stronger than those between-tasks. This suggests that the four conditions within each task are measuring something in common; In contrast, low correlations across tasks suggest that each is measuring something unique. This in turn suggests these tasks should not be seen as assessing the same integrative face-processing construct. Exploratory factor analyses corroborated the correlation data, finding that performance on most conditions loaded onto a single factor in unrotated solutions, but onto separate factors in direct oblimin-rotated solutions.
In Experiment 2, we investigated the question of whether integrative face processing performance is related to face recognition ability. We did this by assessing the degree to which results from four widely-used integrative face processing tasks correlate with a measure of general face recognition ability, The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). The four integrative processing tasks used in this study only partly overlapped those from in Experiment 1. They were: The Complete Composite Face Effect Task, the Partial Composite Face Effect Task, the Part Whole Effect Task, and the Configural/Featural Difference Detection Task. As with Experiment 1, we used a within-subjects design (N = 260) and analyzed a variety of performance variables across these tasks.
Analyses demonstrated low to moderate positive correlations between performance on the task conditions and performance on the CFMT. This suggests that the constructs the tasks reflect do contribute to face recognition ability to a modest degree. These analyses also replicated parts of Experiment 1, showing weak correlations between tasks. Also similar to Experiment 1, factor analyses generally revealed task conditions loading onto a common first factor in the unrotated factor matrix, but loading separately in the rotated factor solution.
In addition to providing evidence regarding the nature of integrative face processing tasks, the data presented here speak to a number of other questions in this domain. For instance, they contribute to the debate regarding which kinds of difference scores (subtraction-based or regression-based) are more reliable, as well as the reliability of the various tasks used to investigate integrative face processing. In addition, the data inform the debate over whether the Complete or the Partial version of the Composite Face Effect Task is the superior measure of integrative face processing.
In summary, the studies presented here indicate that the previous literature in face recognition needs to be interpreted with care, with an eye to differences in methodology and the problems of low measurement reliability. The various methods used to investigate integrative face processing are not assessing the same thing and cannot be taken as reflecting the same underlying construct.
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Beer, Jenay Michelle. "Recognizing facial expression of virtual agents, synthetic faces, and human faces: the effects of age and character type on emotion recognition." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33984.
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An agent's facial expression may communicate emotive state to users both young and old. The ability to recognize emotions has been shown to differ with age, with older adults more commonly misidentifying the facial emotions of anger, fear, and sadness. This research study examined whether emotion recognition of facial expressions differed between different types of on-screen agents, and between age groups. Three on-screen characters were compared: a human, a synthetic human, and a virtual agent. In this study 42 younger (age 28-28) and 42 older (age 65-85) adults completed an emotion recognition task with static pictures of the characters demonstrating four basic emotions (anger, fear, happiness, and sadness) and neutral. The human face resulted in the highest proportion match, followed by the synthetic human, then the virtual agent with the lowest proportion match. Both the human and synthetic human faces resulted in age-related differences for the emotions anger, fear, sadness, and neutral, with younger adults showing higher proportion match. The virtual agent showed age-related differences for the emotions anger, fear, happiness, and neutral, with younger adults showing higher proportion match. The data analysis and interpretation of the present study differed from previous work by utilizing two unique approaches to understanding emotion recognition. First, misattributions participants made when identifying emotion were investigated. Second, a similarity index of the feature placement between any two virtual agent emotions was calculated, suggesting that emotions were commonly misattributed as other emotions similar in appearance. Overall, these results suggest that age-related differences transcend human faces to other types of on-screen characters, and differences between older and younger adults in emotion recognition may be further explained by perceptual discrimination between two emotions of similar feature appearance.
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TURANO, MARIA TERESA. "Face recognition ability: individual differences, lifespan and electrophysiological perspectives." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1045390.
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Patterson, Michelle Louise. "An investigation of young infants’ ability to match phonetic and gender information in dynamic faces and voice." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13476.
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This dissertation explores the nature and ontogeny of infants' ability to match
phonetic information in comparison to non-speech information in the face and voice.
Previous research shows that infants' ability to match phonetic information in face and
voice is robust at 4.5 months of age (e.g., Kuhl & Meltzoff, 1982; 1984; 1988; Patterson &
Werker, 1999). These findings support claims that young infants can perceive structural
correspondences between audio and visual aspects of phonetic input and that speech is
represented amodally. It remains unclear, however, specifically what factors allow
speech to be perceived amodally and whether the intermodal perception of other
aspects of face and voice is like that of speech. Gender is another biologically significant
cue that is available in both the face and voice. In this dissertation, nine experiments
examine infants' ability to match phonetic and gender information with dynamic faces
and voices.
Infants were seated in front of two side-by-side video monitors which displayed
filmed images of a female or male face, each articulating a vowel sound ( / a / or / i / ) in
synchrony. The sound was played through a central speaker and corresponded with
one of the displays but was synchronous with both. In Experiment 1,4.5-month-old
infants did not look preferentially at the face that matched the gender of the heard voice
when presented with the same stimuli that produced a robust phonetic matching effect.
In Experiments 2 through 4, vowel and gender information were placed in conflict to
determine the relative contribution of each in infants' ability to match bimodal
information in the face and voice. The age at which infants do match gender
information with my stimuli was determined in Experiments 5 and 6. In order to
explore whether matching phonetic information in face and voice is based on featural or
configural information, two experiments examined infants' ability to match phonetic
information using inverted faces (Experiment 7) and upright faces with inverted
mouths (Experiment 8). Finally, Experiment 9 extended the phonetic matching effect to
2-month-old infants. The experiments in this dissertation provide evidence that, at 4.5
months of age, infants are more likely to attend to phonetic information in the face and
voice than to gender information. Phonetic information may have a special salience
and/or unity that is not apparent in similar but non-phonetic events. The findings are
discussed in relation to key theories of perceptual development.
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Faghel-Soubeyrand, Simon. "L’induction implicite de l’utilisation de l’oeil droit produit une meilleure discrimination faciale du sexe." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20334.
Full textBooks on the topic "Face recognition ability"
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Buhlmann, Ulrike, and Andrea S. Hartmann. Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0022.
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According to current cognitive-behavioral models, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a vicious cycle between maladaptive appearance-related thoughts and information-processing biases, as well as maladaptive behaviors and negative emotions such as feelings of shame, disgust, anxiety, and depression. This chapter provides an overview of findings on cognitive characteristics such as dysfunctional beliefs, information-processing biases for threat (e.g., selective attention, interpretation), and implicit associations (e.g., low self-esteem, strong physical attractiveness stereotype, and high importance of attractiveness). The chapter also reviews face recognition abnormalities and emotion recognition deficits and biases (e.g., misinterpreting neutral faces as angry) as well as facial discrimination ability. These studies suggest that BDD is associated with dysfunctional beliefs about one’s own appearance, information-processing biases, emotion recognition deficits and biases, and selective processing of appearance-related information. Future steps to stimulate more research and clinical implications are discussed.
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Thomas, Gregory S., L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad, eds. Ellestad's Stress Testing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.001.0001.
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The 6th edition of the textbook Ellestad’s Stress Testing: Principles and Practice was written for the new and veteran clinician alike performing stress testing. Thoroughly updated, referenced and interspersed with case examples, the book reviews how to get the most out exercise testing, without and with ancillary imaging. In addition to evaluation of ST segment depression, other powerful tools to detect ischemia and forecast the future are reviewed to increase the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic ability of exercise testing. The recognition and significance of exercise induced arrhythmias and conduction defects are examined. When to convert to pharmacologic stress or add ancillary imaging, including myocardial perfusion imaging, echocardiography, coronary calcium scoring, and magnetic reference imaging are reviewed. The use of stress testing in the management of obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation, peripheral vascular disease, congenital heart and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is examined. Options to optimize the diagnostic capabilities of exercise and other diagnostic testing for women are highlighted. Strategic use of exercise testing in the face of a decreasing burden of CAD in the developed world, as well as the opportunity to rely on exercise testing as the first test to evaluate CVD in the developing world, are reviewed. The fundamentals of exercise physiology and myocardial ischemia that serve as the foundation for exercise testing in health and disease are explained.
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Khilnani, Sunil. India’s Rise. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.49.
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How should India’s rise be understood in the framework of international relations and a changing global order? This chapter assesses India’s jostle for an advantageous position on the world stage through three sets of lenses: the attempt to voice the civilizational values of a nascent nation; the expressions of the economic and developmental needs of a poor citizenry; and the self-professed aims and pursuits of the interests of a sovereign state. It then outlines some of the challenges in defining India’s international position, and explores possible means through which these can be navigated. In order to optimize the rewards of India’s interactions with the global order, deft management of all three approaches is necessary, enabled by a recognition of the fact that its greatest strength lies in the ability to articulate a democratically validated foreign policy.
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Carlin, Richard, and Ken Bloom. Eubie Blake. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635930.001.0001.
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The book tells the story of one of the key composers of 20th-century American popular song. Through his music, Eubie Blake rose from the slums of Baltimore to the heights of Broadway success. His show Shuffle Along was the first African American show to win a major white audience, becoming the tenth most popular show of the 1920s. The show introduced future black stars—including Josephine Baker, Paul Robeson, and Florence Mills—and the syncopated chorus line, and introduced jazz-styled music to Broadway. Blake’s composing skills were matched by his piano mastery. Even in the Depression, Eubie continued composing innovative new works. At 61, he studied the Schillinger Method to expand his harmonic knowledge and ability to compose beyond the confines of traditional popular song. Blake’s persistence in maintaining his ties to ragtime and Broadway paid off in the late 1960s, when he was rediscovered due to new recordings and personal appearances. In the last decade of his life he influenced an entirely new generation of pianists and composers from the jazz and classical worlds. This is the first biography to explore the wealth of personal records, interviews, and deep research to illuminate Blake’s life and impact on over 100 years of American culture. It tells the true story of African American performers struggling to achieve recognition and success in the popular music world at a time of deep racism. Blake’s career blazed a path for countless others to rise above the limitations previously faced by blacks in the popular music world.
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Kumar, C. Raj, ed. The Future of Indian Universities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199480654.001.0001.
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The Indian higher education system commanded awe and respect in the ancient world. Important seats of learning like Nalanda and Takshashila attracted the best students and academics from across the globe. Unfortunately, over a period of time, our higher education system lost its global competitiveness. This is exemplified by the fact that not many Indian higher education institutions feature in the annual world university rankings like the Times Higher Education World University Rankings or the QS World University Rankings. At the same time, India’s aspirations to establish world-class universities have never been greater. The book is a culmination of a range of ideas and perspectives that will shape India’s aspirations of building world-class universities through comparative and international dimensions. It is a recognition that the future of Indian universities and their ability to seek global excellence will depend on three critical paradigms: first is the need for creating a vision for higher education that will focus on research and knowledge creation, institutional excellence, and global benchmarking as the indicators for standard-setting; second, the need for pursuing substantial reforms relating to policy, regulation, and governance of higher education; and third is the need for investigating a paradigmatic shift for promoting interdisciplinarity in higher education with a stronger and deeper focus on the pedagogy of teaching and learning in different fields of inquiry. Through a series of contributions from noted academics and scholars from India and around the world, this book discusses these three strings of thought, to create higher education opportunities that will enable the future generations of students to pursue world-class education in world-class universities in India.
Book chapters on the topic "Face recognition ability"
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Wang, Chengbo, and Chengan Guo. "An SVM Classification Algorithm with Error Correction Ability Applied to Face Recognition." In Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2006, 1057–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11759966_155.
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Tang, Lihe, Weidong Yang, Qiang Gao, Rui Xu, and Rongzhi Ye. "A Lightweight Verification Scheme Based on Dynamic Convolution." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 778–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_78.
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AbstractSince Electricity Grid Engineering involves a large number of personnel in the construction process, face recognition algorithms can be used to solve the personnel management problem. The recognition devices used in Electricity Grid Engineering are often mobile, embedded, and other lightweight devices with limited hardware performance. Although a large number of existing face recognition algorithms based on deep convolutional neural networks have high recognition accuracy, they are difficult to run in mobile devices or offline environments due to high computational complexity. In order to maintain the accuracy of face recognition while reducing the complexity of face recognition networks, a lightweight face recognition network based on Dynamic Convolution is proposed. Based on MobileNetV2, this paper introduces the Dynamic Convolution operation. It proposes a Dynamic Inverted Residuals Block, which enables the lightweight neural network to combine the feature extraction and learning ability of large neural networks to improve the recognition accuracy of the model. The experiments prove that the proposed model maintains high recognition accuracy while ensuring lightweight.
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Towler, Alice, Richard I. Kemp, and David White. "Can Face Identification Ability Be Trained?" In Forensic Face Matching, 89–114. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837749.003.0005.
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Is it possible to train face identification ability? To answer this question, we review the literature on professional training for facial image comparison practitioners, and the broader psychology literature on training for prosopagnosia patients and the general population. Our review of these literatures finds very little evidence that training can improve face recognition or face-matching accuracy. However, one group of specialist practitioners—facial examiners—throw this conclusion into question. Facial examiners consistently outperform novices and show qualitative differences in how they perform matching tasks, suggesting they have acquired their expertise via professional training. To account for these findings, we propose that there are two routes to expertise in face identification: The core face recognition system, which cannot be trained, and an alternative feature-based route, which can be trained. We encourage academics and practitioners to work together to identify effective and efficient training methods to teach facial image comparison practitioners to extract maximal identity information from facial features.
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Zafeiriou, Stefanos, Irene Kotsia, and Maja Pantic. "Unconstrained Face Recognition." In Computer Vision, 1640–61. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5204-8.ch068.
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The human face is the most well-researched object in computer vision, mainly because (1) it is a highly deformable object whose appearance changes dramatically under different poses, expressions, and, illuminations, etc., (2) the applications of face recognition are numerous and span several fields, (3) it is widely known that humans possess the ability to perform, extremely efficiently and accurately, facial analysis, especially identity recognition. Although a lot of research has been conducted in the past years, the problem of face recognition using images captured in uncontrolled environments including several illumination and/or pose variations still remains open. This is also attributed to the existence of outliers (such as partial occlusion, cosmetics, eyeglasses, etc.) or changes due to age. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the existing fully automatic face recognition technologies for uncontrolled scenarios. They present the existing databases and summarize the challenges that arise in such scenarios and conclude by presenting the opportunities that exist in the field.
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Pozzulo, Joanna. "Theoretical Underpinnings." In Familiarity and Conviction in the Criminal Justice System, 27–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874810.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses familiarity from a cognitive psychological lens. For example, it examines cognitive theories of familiarity. It discusses the discrepancy-attribution hypothesis, heuristics, and valence and how each of these can lead to a sense of familiarity. The chapter also discusses face processing and face recognition. Typically, people process faces either holistically or featurally; this chapter describes how face familiarity is either enhanced or hindered by the way in which faces are processed. Given the understanding of how familiarity impacts people’s ability to process and recognize a face, the chapter discusses how familiarity also influences facial recognition irrespective of the eyewitness paradigm. The chapter then discusses research concerning exposure duration and remember–know–guess and familiarity. It concludes with a discussion of face recognition in a legal context.
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Lane, Sean M., and Kate A. Houston. "Recognizing Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces." In Understanding Eyewitness Memory, 44–57. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479842513.003.0003.
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When an eyewitness identifies a suspect from a lineup, that evidence is interpreted by the criminal justice system as a strong indication that the identified person is the perpetrator who committed the crime. However, the ability to accurately recognize a face depends largely on whether that face is familiar or unfamiliar. A wealth of research suggests that recognition of unfamiliar faces is so poor that unless the witness is personally familiar (i.e., a close friend) with the suspect they will have little chance of being able to accurately recognize him or her in a lineup. This chapter reviews the research on familiar and unfamiliar face recognition and the implications of these findings for the criminal justice system regarding eyewitness identification.
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Tivive, Fok Hing Chi, and Abdesselam Bouzerdoum. "A Brain-Inspired Visual Pattern Recognition Architecture and Its Applications." In Pattern Recognition Technologies and Applications, 244–64. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-807-9.ch011.
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With the ever-increasing utilization of imagery in scientific, industrial, civilian, and military applications, visual pattern recognition has been thriving as a research field and has become an essential enabling technology for many applications. In this chapter, we present a brain-inspired pattern recognition architecture that can easily be adapted to solve various real-world visual pattern recognition tasks. The architecture has the ability to extract visual features from images and classify them within the same network structure; in other words, it integrates the feature extraction stage with the classification stage, and both stages are optimized with respect to one another. The main processing unit for feature extraction is governed by a nonlinear biophysical mechanism known as shunting inhibition, which plays a significant role in visual information processing in the brain. Here, the proposed architecture is applied to four real-world visual pattern recognition problems; namely, handwritten digit recognition, texture segmentation, automatic face detection, and gender recognition. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture is very competitive with and sometimes outperforms existing state-of-the-art techniques for each application.
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Amali, Geraldine, Keerthana K. S. V., and Jaiesh Sunil Pahlajani. "A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Accurate Facial Ethnicity Classification and Efficient Query Retrieval." In Handbook of Research on Deep Learning-Based Image Analysis Under Constrained and Unconstrained Environments, 216–40. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6690-9.ch012.
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Facial images carry important demographic information such as ethnicity and gender. Ethnicity is an essential part of human identity and serves as a useful identifier for numerous applications ranging from biometric recognition, targeted advertising to social media profiling. Recent years have seen a huge spike in the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for various visual, face recognition problems. The ability of the CNN to take advantage of the hierarchical pattern in data makes it a suitable model for facial ethnicity classification. As facial datasets lack ethnicity information it becomes extremely difficult to classify images. In this chapter a deep learning framework is proposed that classifies the individual into their respective ethnicities which are Asian, African, Latino, and White. The performances of various deep learning techniques are documented and compared for accuracy of classification. Also, a simple efficient face retrieval model is built which retrieves similar faces. The aim of this model is to reduce the search time by 1/3 of the original retrieval model.
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Singh, Kulwinder, Vishal Goyal, and Parshant Rana. "Existing Assistive Techniques for Dyslexics." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 94–104. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7460-7.ch007.
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Reading is an essential skill for literacy development in children. But it is a challenge for children with dyslexia because of phonological-core deficits. Poor reading skills have an impact on vocabulary development and to exposure to relevant background knowledge. It affects the ability to interpret what one sees and hears or the ability to link information from different parts of the brain. Dyslexic children face many challenges in their educational life due to reading difficulty. Support to dyslexic children include computer-based applications and multi-sensory methods like text-to-speech and character animation techniques. Some applications provide immediate reading intervention facility. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a new platform with immediate intervention for assisting dyslexic children to improve their reading ability. Findings contribute to develop a suitable approach to correct the reading mistakes of dyslexic children. Speech recognition technology provides the most interactive environment between human and machine.
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Elleuch, Mohamed, and Monji Kherallah. "An Improved Arabic Handwritten Recognition System Using Deep Support Vector Machines." In Computer Vision, 656–78. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5204-8.ch025.
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Deep learning algorithms, as a machine learning algorithms developed in recent years, have been successfully applied in various domains of computer vision, such as face recognition, object detection and image classification. These Deep algorithms aim at extracting a high representation of the data via multi-layers in a deep hierarchical structure. However, to the authors' knowledge, these deep learning approaches have not been extensively studied to recognize Arabic Handwritten Script (AHS). In this paper, they present a deep learning model based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) named Deep SVM. This model has an inherent ability to select data points crucial to classify good generalization capabilities. The deep SVM is constructed by a stack of SVMs allowing to extracting/learning automatically features from the raw images and to perform classification as well. The Multi-class SVM with an RBF kernel, as non-linear discriminative features for classification, was chosen and tested on Handwritten Arabic Characters Database (HACDB). Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Conference papers on the topic "Face recognition ability"
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Tian, Shuqing, Dilshat Saitov, and Suk Gyu Lee. "Cloud Robot with Real-Time Face Recognition Ability." In Circuits, Control, Communication, Electricity, Electronics, Energy, System, Signal and Simulation 2014. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2014.51.18.
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Seiichi Ozawa, Michiro Hirai, and Shigeo Abe. "An online face recognition system with incremental learning ability." In SICE Annual Conference 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2007.4421309.
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Lin, Chun-Hsien, and Bing-Fei Wu. "Domain Adapting Ability Of Self-Supervised Learning For Face Recognition." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506677.
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Chollet, Mathieu, and Stefan Scherer. "Assessing Public Speaking Ability from Thin Slices of Behavior." In 2017 12th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2017). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg.2017.45.
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Ghassabeh, Youness Aliyari, and Hamid Abrishami Moghaddam. "A Face Recognition System using Neural Networks with Incremental Learning Ability." In 2007 International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cira.2007.382904.
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Esposito, Anna, Terry Amorese, Nelson Mauro Maldonato, Alessandro Vinciarelli, Maria Ines Torres, Sergio Escalera, and Gennaro Cordasco. "Seniors’ ability to decode differently aged facial emotional expressions." In 2020 15th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2020). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg47880.2020.00077.
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He, Liping, Xunbing Shen, Zhencai Chen, Keding Li, Zhennan Liu, and Ruirui Zhuo. "The Ability to Recognize Microexpression and Detect Deception in the Elderly." In 2020 15th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2020). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg47880.2020.00017.
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"Experiments about the Generalization Ability of Common Vector based Methods for Face Recognition." In 7th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002432401290137.
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Coles, James K., Richard H. Crawford, and Kristin L. Wood. "Form Feature Recognition Using Base Volume Decomposition." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0069.
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Abstract A new feature recognition method is presented that generates volumetric feature representations from conventional boundary representations of mechanical parts. Recognition is accomplished by decomposing the known total feature volume of a part into a set of smaller volumes through analytic face extension. The decomposed volumes are combined to generate an initial set of features. Alternative sets of features are generated by maintaining and evaluating information on intersections of the initial feature set. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated through both a hypothetical and a real world design example. The method’s ability to locate features despite interactions with other features, and its ability to generate alternative sets of features, distinguishes it from existing recognition techniques.
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Zhu, Mingrui, Nannan Wang, Xinbo Gao, and Jie Li. "Deep Graphical Feature Learning for Face Sketch Synthesis." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/500.
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The exemplar-based face sketch synthesis method generally contains two steps: neighbor selection and reconstruction weight representation. Pixel intensities are widely used as features by most of the existing exemplar-based methods, which lacks of representation ability and robustness to light variations and clutter backgrounds. We present a novel face sketch synthesis method combining generative exemplar-based method and discriminatively trained deep convolutional neural networks (dCNNs) via a deep graphical feature learning framework. Our method works in both two steps by using deep discriminative representations derived from dCNNs. Instead of using it directly, we boost its representation capability by a deep graphical feature learning framework. Finally, the optimal weights of deep representations and optimal reconstruction weights for face sketch synthesis can be obtained simultaneously. With the optimal reconstruction weights, we can synthesize high quality sketches which is robust against light variations and clutter backgrounds. Extensive experiments on public face sketch databases show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, in terms of both synthesis quality and recognition ability.
Reports on the topic "Face recognition ability"
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Clarke, Alison, Sherry Hutchinson, and Ellen Weiss. Psychosocial support for children. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1003.
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Masiye Camp in Matopos National Park, and Kids’ Clubs in downtown Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, are examples of a growing number of programs in Africa and elsewhere that focus on the psychological and social needs of AIDS-affected children. Given the traumatic effects of grief, loss, and other hardships faced by these children, there is increasing recognition of the importance of programs to help them strengthen their social and emotional support systems. This Horizons Report describes findings from operations research in Zimbabwe and Rwanda that examines the psychosocial well-being of orphans and vulnerable children and ways to increase their ability to adapt and cope in the face of adversity. In these studies, a person’s psychosocial well-being refers to his/her emotional and mental state and his/her network of human relationships and connections. A total of 1,258 youth were interviewed. All were deemed vulnerable by their communities because they had been affected by HIV/AIDS and/or other factors such as severe poverty.
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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall, and Dalia Gordon. Learning from Nature How to Design Anti-insect Selective Pesticides - Clarification of the Interacting Face between Insecticidal Toxins and their Na-channel Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697101.bard.
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Structural details on the interacting faces of toxins and sodium channels (Navs), and particularly identification of elements that confer specificity for insects, are difficult to approach and require suitable experimental systems. Therefore, natural toxins capable of differential recognition of insect and mammalian Navs are valuable leads for design of selective compounds in insect control. We have characterized several scorpion toxins that vary in preference for insect and mammalian Navs, and identified residues important for their action. However, despite many efforts worldwide, only little is known about the receptor sites of these toxins, and particularly on differences between these sites on insect and mammalian Navs. Another problem arises from the massive overuse of chemical insecticides, which increases resistance buildup among various insect pests. A possible solution to this problem is to combine different insecticidal compounds, especially those that provide synergic effects. Our recent finding that combinations of insecticidal receptor site-3 toxins (sea anemone and scorpion alpha) with scorpion beta toxins or their truncated derivatives are synergic in toxicity to insects is therefore timely and strongly supports this approach. Our ability to produce toxins and various Navs in recombinant forms, enable thorough analysis and structural manipulations of both toxins and receptors. On this basis we propose to (1) restrict by mutagenesis the activity of insecticidal scorpion -toxins and sea anemone toxins to insects, and clarify the molecular basis of their synergic toxicity with antiinsect selective -toxins; (2) identify Nav elements that interact with scorpion alpha and sea anemone toxins and those that determine toxin selectivity to insects; (3) determine toxin-channel pairwise side-chain interactions by thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis using our large collection of mutant -toxins and Nav mutants identified in aim 2; (4) clarify the mode of interaction of truncated -toxins with insect Navs, and elucidate how they enhance the activity of insecticidal site-3 toxins. This research may lead to rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health and the environment, and will establish the grounds for a new strategy in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increase insecticidal action and reduce risks of resistance buildup.
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Gordon, Dalia, Ke Dong, and Michael Gurevitz. Unexpected Specificity of a Sea Anemone Small Toxin for Insect Na-channels and its Synergic Effects with Various Insecticidal Ligands: A New Model to Mimic. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697114.bard.
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Motivated by the high risks to the environment and human health imposed by the current overuse of chemical insecticides we offer an alternative approach for the design of highly active insect-selective compounds that will be based on the ability of natural toxins to differentiate between insect and mammalian targets. We wish to unravel the interacting surfaces of insect selective toxins with their receptor sites on voltage-gated sodium channels. In this proposal we put forward two recent observations that may expedite the development of a new generation of insect killers that mimic the highly selective insecticidal toxins: (i) A small (27aa) highly insecticidal sea anemone toxin, Av3, whose toxicity to mammals is negligible; (ii) The prominent positive cooperativity between distinct channel ligands, such as the strong enhancement of pyrethroids effects by anti-insect selective scorpion depressant toxins. We possess a repertoire of insecticidal toxins and sodium channel subtypes all available in recombinant form for mutagenesis followed by analysis of various pharmacological, electrophysiological, and structural methods. Our recent success to express Av3 provides for the first time a selective toxin for receptor site-3 on insect sodium channels. In parallel, our recent success to determine the structures and bioactive surfaces of insecticidal site-3 and site-4 toxins establishes a suitable system for elucidation of toxin-receptor interacting faces. This is corroborated by our recent identification of channel residues involved with these two receptor sites. Our specific aims in this proposal are to (i) Determine the bioactive surface of Av3 toward insect Na-channels; (ii) Identify channel residues involved in binding or activity of the insecticidal toxins Av3 and LqhaIT, which differ substantially in their potency on mammals; (iii) Illuminate channel residues involved in recognition by the anti-insect depressant toxins; (iv) Determine the face of interaction of both site-3 (Av3) and site-4 (LqhIT2) toxins with insect sodium channels using thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis; and, (v) Examine whether Av3, LqhIT2, pyrethroids, and indoxacarb (belongs to a new generation of insecticides), enhance allosterically the action of one another on the fruit fly and cockroach paraNa-channels and on their kdr and super-kdr mutants. This research establishes the grounds for rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health, and offers a new approach in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increases insecticidal action and reduces risks of resistance buildup.
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Meidan, Rina, and Joy Pate. Roles of Endothelin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-A in Determining Responsiveness of the Bovine Corpus Luteum to Prostaglandin F2a. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695854.bard.
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The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland that has a vital role in the regulation of the estrous cycle, fertility and the maintenance of pregnancy. In the absence of appropriate support, such as occurs during maternal recognition of pregnancy, the CL will regress. Prostaglandin F2a (PGF) was first suggested as the physiological luteolysin in ruminants several decades ago. Yet, the cellular mechanisms by which PGF causes luteal regression remain poorly defined. In recent years it became evident that the process of luteal regression requires a close cooperation between steroidogenic, endothelial and immune cells, all resident cells of this gland. Changes in the population of these cells within the CL closely consort with the functional changes occurring during various stages of CL life span. The proposal aimed to gain a better understanding of the intra-ovarian regulation of luteolysis and focuses especially on the possible reasons causing the early CL (before day 5) to be refractory to the luteolytic actions of PGF. The specific aims of this proposal were to: determine if the refractoriness of the early CL to PGF is due to its inability to synthesize or respond to endothelin–1 (ET-1), determine the cellular localization of ET, PGF and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) receptors in early and mid luteal phases, determine the functional relationships among ET-1 and cytokines, and characterize the effects of PGF and ET-1 on prostaglandin production by luteal cell types. We found that in contrast to the mature CL, administration of PGF2a before day 5 of the bovine cycle failed to elevate ET-1, ETA receptors or to induce luteolysis. In fact, PGF₂ₐ prevented the upregulation of the ET-1 gene by ET-1 or TNFa in cultured luteal cells from day 4 CL. In addition, we reported that ECE-1 expression was elevated during the transitionof the CL from early to mid luteal phase and was accompanied by a significant rise in ET-1 peptide. This coincides with the time point at which the CL gains its responsiveness to PGF2a, suggesting that ability to synthesize ET-1 may be a prerequisite for luteolysis. We have shown that while ET-1 mRNA was exclusively localized to endothelial cells both in young and mature CL, ECE-1 was present in the endothelial cells and steroidogenic cells alike. We also found that the gene for TNF receptor I is only moderately affected by the cytokines tested, but that the gene for TNF receptor II is upregulated by ET-1 and PGF₂ₐ. However, these cytokines both increase expression of MCP-1, although TNFa is even more effective in this regard. In addition, we found that proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of PGF (PGT, PGDH, COX-2) change as the estrous cycle progresses, and could contribute to the refractoriness of young CL. The data obtained in this work illustrate ET-1 synthesis throughout the bovine cycle and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating luteal regression and unravel reasons causing the CL to be refractory to PGF2a.
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Meidan, Rina, and Robert Milvae. Regulation of Bovine Corpus Luteum Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604935.bard.
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The main goal of this research plan was to elucidate regulatory mechanisms controlling the development, function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). The CL contains two different sterodigenic cell types and therefore it was necessary to obtain pure cell population. A system was developed in which granulosa and theca interna cells, isolated from a preovulatory follicle, acquired characteristics typical of large (LL) and small (SL) luteal cells, respectively, as judged by several biochemical and morphological criteria. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of granulosa cells removal on subsequent CL function, the results obtained support the concept that granulosa cells make a substaintial contribution to the output of progesterone by the cyclic CL but may have a limited role in determining the functional lifespan of the CL. This experimental model was also used to better understand the contribution of follicular granulosa cells to subsequent luteal SCC mRNA expression. The mitochondrial cytochrome side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the steroidogenic pathway. Experiments were conducted to characterize the gene expression of P450scc in bovine CL. Levels of P450scc mRNA were higher during mid-luteal phase than in either the early or late luteal phases. PGF 2a injection decreased luteal P450scc mRNA in a time-dependent manner; levels were significantly reduced by 2h after treatment. CLs obtained from heifers on day 8 of the estrous cycle which had granulosa cells removed had a 45% reduction in the levels of mRNA for SCC enzymes as well as a 78% reduction in the numbers of LL cells. To characterize SCC expression in each steroidogenic cell type we utilized pure cell populations. Upon luteinization, LL expressed 2-3 fold higher amounts of both SCC enzymes mRNAs than SL. Moreover, eight days after stimulant removal, LL retained their P4 production capacity, expressed P450scc mRNA and contained this protein. In our attempts to establish the in vitro luteinization model, we had to select the prevulatory and pre-gonadotropin surge follicles. The ratio of estradiol:P4 which is often used was unreliable since P4 levels are high in atretic follicles and also in preovulatory post-gonadotropin follicles. We have therefore examined whether oxytocin (OT) levels in follicular fluids could enhance our ability to correctly and easily define follicular status. Based on E2 and OT concentrations in follicular fluids we could more accurately identify follicles that are preovulatory and post gonadotropin surge. Next we studied OT biosynthesis in granulosa cells, cells which were incubated with forskolin contained stores of the precursor indicating that forskolin (which mimics gonadotropin action) is an effective stimulator of OT biosynthesis and release. While studying in vitro luteinization, we noticed that IGF-I induced effects were not identical to those induced by insulin despite the fact that megadoses of insulin were used. This was the first indication that the cells may secrete IGF binding protein(s) which regonize IGFs and not insulin. In a detailed study involving several techniques, we characterized the species of IGF binding proteins secreted by luteal cells. The effects of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid on the production of P4 and prostanoids by dispersed bovine luteal cells was examined. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in basal and LH-stimulated biosynthesis of P4 and PGI2 and an increase in production of PGF 2a and 5-HETE production. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism via the production of 5-HETE was unaffected. Results of these experiments suggest that the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the biosynthesis of luteal P4 is due to either a direct action of arachidonic acid, or its conversion to 5-HETE via the lipoxgenase pathway of metabolism. The detailed and important information gained by the two labs elucidated the mode of action of factors crucially important to the function of the bovine CL. The data indicate that follicular granulosa cells make a major contribution to numbers of large luteal cells, OT and basal P4 production, as well as the content of cytochrome P450 scc. Granulosa-derived large luteal cells have distinct features: when luteinized, the cell no longer possesses LH receptors, its cAMP response is diminished yet P4 synthesis is sustained. This may imply that maintenance of P4 (even in the absence of a Luteotropic signal) during critical periods such as pregnancy recognition, is dependent on the proper luteinization and function of the large luteal cell.