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de, Haan E. H. F. "Disorders of face processing : an investigation of implicit face processing." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233572.
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Archer, Jacqueline. "Face processing and schizophrenia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337662.
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Jenkins, Robert. "Attention and face processing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246310.
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Yamaguchi, Takahiro. "Investigating face prototype processing." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3316379.
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Ng, Minna. "Selectivity of face processing mechanisms." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3263467.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 2, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Whitney, Hannah L. "Object agnosia and face processing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548326.
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Baird, Lyndsay. "Interhemispheric communication during face processing." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1295/.
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It is widely acknowledged that the cerebral hemispheres do not operate in isolation during the processing of complex visual stimuli. Patterns of interhemispheric communication are believed to be integral to cognitive abilities yet despite this, both the circumstances under which communication takes and the nature of the information that can be communicated remain relatively poorly understood. The experiments in this thesis address the nature of interhemispheric communication during the processing of face and identity information using a range of divided visual field paradigms. The first line of enquiry explored the nature of identity information that can be communicated interhemispherically. Specifically, the aim was to establish whether abstract identity driven collaboration could be achieved with stimuli denoting the same concept or if cross-hemispheric communication is restricted to more low-level, stimulus driven interactions. Further studies examined the impact of task difficulty on interhemispheric communication and whether dividing identity related cognitive processing between both hemispheres was more beneficial to performance than constraining to one. The main findings indicate that both conceptual identity information and superficial image characteristics can be communicated across the hemispheres for familiar but not unfamiliar faces. Results of enquiries into the benefits of dividing processing between the hemispheres were somewhat inconclusive leading to an exploration of the impact of capacity limits for face processing on the experimental paradigm. Evidence that interhemispheric communication may occur asymmetrically in the direction of right hemisphere to left hemisphere was also obtained. Findings are discussed within the context of existing literature and theories examining the processes of interhemispheric communication.
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Elgar, Kate Louise. "Face processing in Turner syndrome." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404564.
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Rellecke, Julian. "Automaticity in affective face processing." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16626.
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Emotionale Gesichtsausdrücke sind hochrelevante Reize für den Menschen. Es wurde daher angenommen, dass sie von evolutionär bedingten Mechanismen automatisch verarbeitet werden. Bis zu welchem Maße diese Verarbeitung tatsächlich automatisch verläuft ist noch immer kontrovers. Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt an diese Debatte an, indem sie eine spontane Tendenz aufzeigt vor allem bedrohlichen Gesichtsaudrücken vermehrt Verarbeitungsressourcen zuzuweisen, auch dann, wenn sie nur oberflächlich enkodiert werden und Emotionalität irrelevant für die gegebene Aufgabe ist (Studie 1 und 2). Diese Tendenz wurde bezüglich zweier Schlüsselkriterien von Automatizität untersucht, nämlich dem Intentionalitäts- (Studie 3) und dem Auslastungskriterium (Studie 4 und 5); diese nehmen an, dass automatische Verarbeitung unabhängig von der gegebenen Intention des Individuums, beziehungsweise konkurrierender Aufgabenanforderungen verläuft. Anhand ereigniskorrelierter Potenziale (EKPs) konnte gezeigt werden, dass verstärkte perzeptuelle Enkodierung emotionaler Gesichtsausdrücke weitgehend unabhängig von Intention auftrat, wohingegen verstärkte höhere kognitive Verarbeitung davon abhing, ob Reize vertieft verarbeitet wurden (Studie 3). Wurde die Kontrolle über die Gesichtsverarbeitung durch eine konkurrierende Aufgabe beeinträchtigt, während Emotionalität relevant war, so verstärkte dies emotionale Effekte auf der perzeptuellen und frühen, höheren kognitiven Ebene (Studie 4). Ähnliches konnte auch für die perzeptuelle Verarbeitung attraktiver Gesichter beobachtet werden (Studie 5). Hingegen war bei verminderter Kontrolle die verstärkte Enkodierung bedrohlicher Ausdrücke in späten kognitiven Verarbeitungsstufen unterdrückt. Die vorliegenden Befunde sprechen gegen eine Automatisierung affektiver Gesichtsverarbeitung und legen stattdessen nahe, dass biologisch vorbereitete Verarbeitungstendenzen durch aufgabenorientierte Kontrollmechanismen und ihr Zusammenspiel mit Intention moduliert werden.Emotional facial expressions are highly relevant stimuli in humans. It has thus been suggested that they are processed automatically by evolutionarily in-built mechanisms. However, to which extent such processing in fact arises automatically is still controversial. The current work feeds into this debate by showing a tendency to spontaneously allocate increased processing capacity to emotional, especially threat-related expressions, even when processed merely superficially and emotionality is irrelevant to the task at hand (Study 1 and 2). This bias was further tested with regard to key criteria of automaticity; that is the intentionality (Study 3) and the load-insensitivity criterion (Study 4 and 5) assuming automatic processing to arise irrespective of intention of the individual, and concurrent task demands, respectively. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) revealed enhanced perceptual encoding of threat-related expressions to remain largely unaffected by intention. In contrast, at the higher cognitive level, enhanced encoding depended on whether stimuli were voluntarily processed more deeply (Study 3). However, when control over face processing was impaired by a concurrent task, while emotionality was deemed relevant, emotion effects were enhanced at both, the perceptual and early higher cognitive level (Study 4). Similar was observed for perceptual encoding of attractive faces (Study 5). In contrast, during late higher cognitive stages of in-depth face processing, enhanced encoding of threat was eliminated when control was reduced (Study 4). The present results speak against full automaticity in affective face processing but suggest that biologically prepared processing biases are modulated by task-oriented control mechanisms and their interplay with intention.
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Rouse, Helen. "Perceptual processing in autism : an investigation of face processing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289694.
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Edmonds, Andrew J. "Effect of rotation in face processing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55669/.
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Inversion has been shown to disrupt face recognition, but relatively few studies have looked at the processes involved in the recognition of faces seen at intermediate angles of rotation. Here we address this issue by looking at the processing of rotated faces in a recognition memory task thought to encourage holistic processing, and in the matching of Thatcherised faces, a task which is seen as an indicator of configural processing. When faces were equally rotated at learning and test, we found no evidence of holistic processing. When the task was to recognise differently oriented faces, however, performance declined as an approximately linear function of the difference in orientation between the learning and test faces, suggesting that participants may be mentally rotating faces prior to recognition. Chapter 4 considered the effects of rotation on a same-different matching task thought to encourage configural processing. When the task required the matching of local configural information, the effect of rotation was approximately equal for normal and Thatcherised faces, but Thatcherisation disproportionately disrupted global configural information. The effect of rotation on these forms of information when face pairs contained identical images of the same person, and in an identity-matching task, was also explored. Chapter 6 looks at the effects of inversion on the detection of configural and featural changes to faces in a visual search task. Similar effects of inversion and search strategies were observed for both types of change at both angles of orientation, suggesting that face processing mechanisms do not extract configural at the expense of featural information from faces in this task. The implications of these findings for theories of face processing and the nature of the relationship between rotation and face processing are discussed, and the extent to which the mental rotation hypothesis can account for these findings is also considered.
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Tan, Chrystalle B. Y. "Face processing in Malaysian Chinese adults." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14361/.
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Cross-cultural studies have identified a distinct holistic-analytic pattern that observers employ in various cognitive and perceptual tasks. Recent face perception studies utilizing eye tracking methodologies have also revealed distinct Eastern and Western viewing patterns when recognizing identities and emotions. However, studies exploring genetic and cultural factors found that British born Chinese observers employed either Eastern or Western eye movement strategies, suggesting that a simple Eastern-Western distinction does not fully explain the diversity in observers’ eye movement strategies. Although Malaysia is an East Asian country, it is strongly multicultural and heavily influenced by Western culture. This thesis aimed to investigate Malaysian Chinese participants’ eye movement strategy and recognition abilities by requiring participants to perform static and dynamic face recognition, and emotion recognition tasks on African, East Asian, and Western Caucasian faces.
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Mestry, Natalie. "Identifying sources of configural face processing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359644/.
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Absence of a precise definition of configural processing in face perception has resulted in previous demonstrations now being accounted for by decisional rather than perceptual processes(Wenger & Ingvalson, 2002, 2003; Richler, Gauthier, Wenger, & Palmeri, 2008; Cornes, Donnelly, Godwin, & Wenger, 2011). In this thesis, I show that many of the difficulties in discriminating between competing accounts of configural processing result from an incomplete mapping between theoretical frameworks, experiments and data. Furthermore, by using general recognition theory (GRT, Ashby & Townsend, 1986) to make the mapping more complete, I demonstrate perceptual and decisional sources of configurality across three face processing tasks. GRT provides formal definitions for the ways in which multiple stimulus dimensions can interact, and thus provides a framework for modelling the dependencies that are indicative of configural processing. Changes to feature size, feature identity and feature orientation have been explored within the GRT framework. For one of these tasks, The Feature Orientation Task which is analogous to the Thatcher illusion (Thompson, 1980), evidence for three types of dependencies exists. Converging evidence for multiple sources of configurality was provided when stimuli from this Thatcher illusion task were used in an event-‐related potential(ERP) study. The ERP task revealed evidence for a decisional effect and a mapping between the GRT violations and the ERP effects identified across the face components. Finally, the value in applying GRT to specific populations is demonstrated in studies of development and prosopagnosia. Overall, this thesis demonstrates there are multiple sources of configural face processing and the GRT paradigm is helpful in understanding the development, stability and impairments of these sources.
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Feldman, Benjamin H. "Face Processing in the Broad Autism Phenotype: Exploring Face Processing as an Endophenotype of Autism Spectrum Disorder." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1427815061.
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Riby, Deborah M. "Face processing in Williams Syndrome and autism." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/138.
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Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have been characterised as hyper-sociable, showing an extreme compulsion to engage in communication with other people, whilst the opposite has been cited regarding autism. The most important social cue in our environment is the human face, which must be successfully recognised and interpreted for communicative signals. Although clear differences are apparent in social skills, individuals with WS and autism have been described as showing similarly atypical face processing styles. The present research addressed issues of face perception in Williams syndrome and autism to gain further insights into social abilities of individuals with these developmental disorders. Importantly, the research was grounded in typical face perception methods. The investigation began with a large-scale exploration of face skills, probing identity, eye gaze, expressions of emotion and lip reading to ask how these two disorders uniquely impact upon performance. Participants with WS and autism could be dissociated from those with general developmental delay and from each other primarily on the basis of eye gaze ability. Participants with WS showed strong eye gaze abilities whilst participants with autism had extreme difficulties. Although interpretation of expressions of emotion also showed a difference between groups, autism and WS did not uniquely impact upon the processing of identity or lip reading. The exploration also allowed the consideration of models of face perception; characterised by a typical modular structure in WS but a lack of modularity in autism. The second line of inquiry considered identity processing and firstly asked whether participants were more accurate at matching faces from internal or external features. Participants with WS showed an atypical use of internal features for matching unfamiliar faces, which may be linked to an atypical interaction style and exaggerated interest in unfamiliar people. Participants with autism used the same strategy to match faces of familiar and unfamiliar people and hence familiarity did not impact upon processing style. Subsequent chapters probed feature salience (eyes .v. mouth) and structural encoding. Across paradigms typically developing participants and those with WS showed greater accuracy using the eye than mouth region, a pattern not evident in autism. Regarding structural encoding, individuals with WS showed use of configural cues under the task demands implemented in this thesis, where individuals with autism were only able to interpret featural cues. Previous evidence of similar face processing styles in WS and autism were not supported. Taken together the findings provide further insights into face perception and social functioning in WS and autism. The research used the same participants across paradigms, considered level of functioning on the autistic spectrum and included investigations of WS and autism in the same research programme. Additional to the main experimental studies, pilot data is provided to open a new line of investigation into physiological arousal associated with holding eye contact in WS. Therefore, on the basis of the experiments conducted here, a number of suggestions are made to carry the research forward in future investigations. Throughout the thesis as a whole, comparisons are made between individuals with WS and autism that further our understanding of the links between face processing and social expertise.
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Tomlinson, Eleanor Katharine. "Face-processing and emotion recognition in schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433700.
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Bonner, Lesley. "Are there developmental differences in face processing?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4314/.
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This thesis examines whether there are developmental differences in face processing. Performance on face processing tasks improving steadily with age, however, there is no consensus over whether this improvement is quantitative or qualitative in nature. This research aims to determine whether children process faces in the same way as do adults and become more efficient as they get older, indicative of quantitative improvements, or, whether children process faces differently from adults and undergo a qualitative shift that can account for the observed improvement with age. The experiments in this thesis investigate whether there are developmental differences in face processing in three specific areas. The first strand examines whether children show advantage for recognising familiar faces from the internal features. The second strand explores whether children show the same difficulties, as do adults, when trying to recall the names of familiar people. Finally, the third strand draws these two areas of research together and examines how children and adults process and remember unfamiliar faces and explores how face representations change as unfamiliar faces become more familiar. In each of these experiments, the aim is to determine whether age-related differences on these tasks can be attributed to quantitative or qualitative change. The results show that when age-appropriate stimuli are used, the same pattern of results is obtained in children aged 7-12 years and adults, indicating gradual quantitative improvement on these tasks with increasing age.
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Bindemann, Markus. "The role of attention in face processing." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3048/.
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Selective attention is widely regarded as a crucial component of human perception. In the visual domain, attentional mechanisms have been implicated in stimulus encoding, implicit recognition, conscious perception and goal-directed behaviour. To date, however, the role of attention in face processing has been largely overlooked. This is remarkable given the social and biological importance of faces, and the wealth of psychological research that has focused on faces as stimuli. Moreover, if we are to better understand how the human brain processes faces, then this would also require an insight into the interaction between attention and face processing. The experiments in this thesis addressed the relation of attention and face processing directly by assessing the consequences of various attentional manipulations in response-competition and repetition priming tasks. The first line of enquiry examined observers’ ability to attend selectively to facial expression and identity, and whether attention is required for the integration of these types of information into a multi-dimensional face percept. Subsequent experiments examined capacity limits in face processing and attention biases to faces and nonface comparisons. The main findings indicated that face processing is capacity limited, such that only a single face can be processed at a time, and that faces are particularly efficient at retaining and engaging visual attention in comparison to nonface objects. However, while face processing limits appear to proceed independent of a general capacity, attention biases to faces may reflect processing stages that are shared with other stimuli. These findings are discussed in relation to existing research on faces and attention.
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Christie, Fiona. "Face processing : the role of dynamic information." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1782.
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This thesis explores the effects of movement on various face processing tasks. In Experiments One to Four, unfamiliar face recognition was investigated using identical numbers of frames in the learning phase; these were viewed as a series of static images, or in moving sequences (using computer animation). There was no additional benefit from studying the moving sequences, but signal detection measurements showed an advantage for using dynamic sequences at test. In Experiments Five and Six, moving and static images of unfamiliar faces were matched for expression or identity. Without prior study, movement only helped in matching the expression. It was proposed that motion provided more effective access to a stored representation of an emotional expression. Brief familiarisation with the faces led to an advantage for dynamic presentations in referring to a stored representation of identity as well as expression. Experiments Seven to Nine explored the suggestion that motion is beneficial when accessinga pre-existingd escription. Significantly more famous faces were recognised in inverted and negated formats when shown in dynamic clips, compared with recognition using static images. This benefit may be through detecting idiosyncratic gesture patterns at test, or extracting spatial and temporal relationships which overlapped the stored kinematic details. Finally, unfamiliar faces were studied as moving or static images; recognition was tested under dynamic or fixed conditions using inverted or negated formats. As there was no difference between moving and static study phases, it was unlikely that idiosyncratic gesture patterns were being detected, so the significant advantage for motion at test seemed due to an overlap with the stored description. However, complex interactions were found, and participants demonstrated bias when viewing motion at test. Future work utilising dynamic image-manipulated displays needs to be undertaken before we fully understand the processing of facial movement.
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Collishaw, Stephan M. "Configural and featural processing in face recognition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271776.
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Hosie, Judith A. "Feature and configural factors in face processing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293027.
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Chiesa, Valeria. "Revisiting face processing with light field images." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS059.pdf.
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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de présenter une technologie d'acquisition non conventionnelle, d'étudier les performances d'analyse du visage en utilisant des images collectées avec une caméra spéciale, de comparer les résultats avec ceux obtenus en élaborant des données à partir de dispositifs similaires et de démontrer le bénéfice apporté par l'utilisation de dispositifs modernes par rapport à des caméras standards utilisées en biométrie. Au début de la thèse, la littérature sur l'analyse du visage à l'aide de données "light field" a été étudiée. Le problème de la rareté des données biométriques (et en particulier des images de visages humains) recueillies à l'aide de caméras plénoptiques a été résolu par l'acquisition systématique d'une base de données de visages "light field", désormais accessible au public. Grâce aux données recueillies, il a été possible de concevoir et de développer des expériences en analyse du visage. De plus, une base de référence exhaustive pour une comparaison entre deux technologies RGB-D a été créée pour appuyer les études en perspective. Pendant la période de cette thèse, l'intérêt pour la technologie du plénoptique appliquée à l'analyse du visage s'est accrue et la nécessité d'une étude d'un algorithme dédié aux images "light field" est devenue incontournable. Ainsi, une vue d'ensemble complète des méthodes existantes a été élaboréeBeing able to predict the macroscopic response of a material from the knowledge of its constituent at a microscopic or mesoscopic scale has always been the Holy Grail pursued by material science, for it provides building bricks for the understanding of complex structures as well as for the development of tailor-made optimized materials. The homogenization theory constitutes nowadays a well-established theoretical framework to estimate the overall response of composite materials for a broad range of mechanical behaviors. Such a framework is still lacking for brittle fracture, which is a dissipative evolution problem that (ii) localizes at the crack tip and (iii) is related to a structural one. In this work, we propose a theoretical framework based on a perturbative approach of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics to model (i) crack propagation in large-scale disordered materials as well (ii) the dissipative processes involved at the crack tip during the interaction of a crack with material heterogeneities. Their ultimate contribution to the macroscopic toughness of the composite is (iii) estimated from the resolution of the structural problem using an approach inspired by statistical physics. The theoretical and numerical inputs presented in the thesis are finally compared to experimental measurements of crack propagation in 3D-printed heterogeneous polymers obtained through digital image correlation
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Paparello, Silvia. "The many faces of neurocognitive development behavior and neurocorrelates of holistic face processing /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3284166.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 14, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Faces are central stimuli in our everyday life, hence, face processing is a sophisticated and highly specialized cognitive ability, at which adults are experts and children are proficient. Unlike other visuospatial abilities, face perception develops very slowly, becoming adult-like only well into adolescence. Some performance disparities between children and adults may reflect differences in general cognitive abilities, such as attention and memory. Alternatively, performance differences can be attributed to specific cognitive strategies implemented during face processing by different age groups; or to the interaction between the improvement of general abilities throughout development and the refinement of face specific cognitive strategies. The intent of the current studies was to further assess the development of and relationship between cognitive strategies in face processing. Specifically, we investigated the behavior and neurocorrelates associated with holistic face processing in children (8- to 11-year-olds), adolescents, and adults, utilizing the composite face effect. The task requires participants to engage in both holistic and featural processing, but certain trials (aligned-same) elicit a visual illusion called the composite face effect (CFE, calculated as difference between misaligned-same and aligned-same trials), which is considered an index of holistic processing. All age groups (adults, adolescents, 8- to 9-year-olds, 10- to 11-year-olds) showed a CFE, suggesting reliance on holistic processing. Notably, about half of the 8- to 11-year-old children displayed adult-like behavior and adult-like CFE, suggesting their reliance on holistic processing. However, the other half of the children performed below-chance on aligned-same trials, displayed an extremely large CFE, and a significant difference between different trials, suggesting reliance on a featural strategy. Thus child age groups were regrouped according to their accuracy performance on the hardest condition (aligned-same trials) into high performing and low performing children. We hypothesize that the aligned-same trials were too taxing for low-performing children, thus they fell back into relying on simpler strategies such as a difference-detection featural strategy. In order to further investigate the CFE behavioral differences between age and performance groups, we completed an imaging study. For the fMRI study children were grouped by performance rather than age following the results of our behavioral study. Overall, our imaging results for the CFE, thus for holistic processing, resembled behavioral results in that adult and high performing child groups revealed a similar (but not identical) whole-brain pattern of activation, whereas the low performing child group showed a distinctive pattern of activation for the composite face effect. Adults and high performing children showed a pattern of activation spanning frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. In contrast, low performing children revealed a pattern of activation that spanned frontal, temporal, cingulate, and cerebellar regions. Brain areas typically associated with face processing, such as the right fusiform gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus did not reach significance for the low performing child group. These differences may be attributable to the use of different cognitive strategies. However, the extent of frontal and cingulate cortex activation in low performing children may also suggest that because the task was especially difficult for them, working memory resources were particularly taxed, thus affecting the neural network engaged. Importantly, not only were performance differences associated with distinct neurocorrelates (i.e., differing profiles for low performing children vs. high performing children and adults), but age differences also had an appreciable effect. In fact, high performing children did not significantly differ from adults in the behavioral CFE, but did show differences in the neural CFE.
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Gathers, Ann D. "DEVELOPMENTAL FMRI STUDY: FACE AND OBJECT RECOGNITION." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2005. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyanne2005d00276/etd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2005.Title from document title page (viewed on November 4, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 152 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-148).
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Bui, Kim-Kim. "Face Processing in Schizophrenia : Deficit in Face Perception or in Recognition of Facial Emotions?" Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3349.
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Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by social dysfunction. People with schizophrenia misinterpret social information and it is suggested that this difficulty may result from visual processing deficits. As faces are one of the most important sources of social information it is hypothesized that people suffering from the disorder have impairments in the visual face processing system. It is unclear which mechanism of the face processing system is impaired but two types of deficits are most often proposed: a deficit in face perception in general (i.e., processing of facial features as such) and a deficit in facial emotion processing (i.e., recognition of emotional facial expressions). Due to the contradictory evidence from behavioural, electrophysiological as well as neuroimaging studies offering support for the involvement of one or the other deficit in schizophrenia it is early to make any conclusive statements as to the nature and level of impairment. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the key mechanism and abnormalities underlying social dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Hileman, Camilla Marie. "Face Processing: The N170 ERP Component in Autism." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/115.
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Face processing deficits appear early in autism and greatly impact subsequent development. In this paper, the N170 component, an event-related brain potential sensitive to face processing, is examined in children with autism and typical development. The N170 amplitude was sensitive to group differences, as children with typical development showed greater differentiation to upright vs. inverted stimuli and faces vs. vehicles than children with autism. The N170 was also delayed in children with autism. The N170 was not a sensitive marker of individual differences in social behavior and autistic symptomology, but the proceeding positive peak, the P1, was a sensitive marker of individual differences in children with typical development. Results suggest that children with autism and children with typical development employ different face processing strategies, even for the basic encoding of a face.
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Lee, Elizabeth. "Familiarity : how does knowing a face affect processing?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273877.
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Andrews, Sally. "The role of within-person variability in face processing." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215701.
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Natural variability can make different instances of the same face appear remarkably dissimilar. Such variability rarely affects familiar face recognition. However, small differences in appearance between encounters can have really detrimental effects on identifying instances of unfamiliar faces as the same person. In typical face processing research, within-person variability is experimentally controlled, in order to explore the influences of between-person variability in face processing directly. That is, face stimuli are constrained so that differences between individual faces are restricted to identity-specific information; shape and texture. To this end, it remains unclear whether such natural variability plays a part in normal face processing. In this thesis, a series of experiments explore whether experiencing natural variability is beneficial in normal face processing. Specifically, the experiments described within this thesis address whether there is a role of within-person variability in face learning, with various manipulations, and also whether it has a role in improving unfamiliar face matching. The results suggest that experiencing variability is important in face learning – specifically in developing stable face representations. It was also found to be beneficial in improving unfamiliar face matching. Additional manipulations, such as the presence of additional person information, did not show any additional benefit to face learning – unlike previous studies. I suggest that the differences between the results observed here and previous studies highlight differences in measures of familiarity, and the importance of considering what different measures tell us about face processing. I discuss these findings in relation to previous face learning studies, in addition to face perception methodologies overall. Put simply, I suggest that in order to understand face identification processes comprehensively, it is important to consider both between- and within-person variability.
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Joshua, Nicole R. "Face processing in schizophrenia : an investigation of configural processing and the relationship with facial emotion processing and neurocognition /." Connect to thesis, 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7040.
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Cognitive impairment is a key characteristic of schizophrenia and is a clear predictor of functional outcome. This thesis explores the relationship between cognitive ability relating to social and non-social processing. Schizophrenia patients demonstrate an impaired ability to recognise, label and discriminate emotional expression within the face. The underlying mechanisms behind this social cognitive impairment are not yet fully understood. This thesis explores the notion that a basic perceptual impairment in processing facial information adversely impacts on the perception of more complex information derived from faces, such as emotional expression. Face perception relies on processing the featural characteristics of a face as well as the relationship between these features. Information pertaining to the spatial distances between features is referred to as configural information.A group of schizophrenia patients and healthy control participants completed a battery of tasks that assessed basic neurocognition, facial emotion processing and configural face processing. A model of face processing was proposed and used to systematically pinpoint specific deficits that may contribute to impaired face processing in schizophrenia. The results indicated that schizophrenia patients show impairments on three broad constructs; basic neurocognition, facial emotion processing, and most pertinently, deficits in configural processing. It was revealed that although neurocognitive and face processing both explained a significant proportion of the variance in facial emotion processing, the effect of neurocognition was indirect and mediated by face processing.
To investigate the diagnostic specificity of these findings, a group of bipolar disorder patients was also tested on the task battery. The results indicated that bipolar disorder patients also show social and non-social cognitive impairments, however, not as severe as that demonstrated by the schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, the effect of neurocognitive performance on facial emotion processing appeared more direct for bipolar disorder patients compared to schizophrenia patients. Although deficits in face processing were observable in bipolar, they were not specific to configural processing. Thus, deficits in emotion processing were more associated to neurocognitive ability in bipolar disorder patients, and more associated to configural face processing in schizophrenia patients. The configural processing deficits in schizophrenia are discussed as a lower-order perception problem. In conclusion, the results of this thesis are discussed in terms of their implication for treatment.
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Fine, Philip Arnold. "Some aspects of hemispheric asymmetry and face processing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9a298284-651f-4be9-ae82-2d8862154e47.
Full textAbstract:
The eventual aims of this thesis were threefold. The first was to investigate the patterns of impairments suffered by prosopagnosic subjects, measuring both reaction times and errors, with conclusions being drawn about the heterogeneity of the neurological disorder. Three prosopagnosic subjects were tested on a number of face processing tasks, investigating facial identity matching, facial expression matching and the perception of eye gaze direction. They were found to have different patterns of impairments, reflecting the different causes of their prosopagnosia. The second aim was to investigate cerebral hemispheric asymmetry in normal subjects for both face processing and word processing. Using split- field tachistoscopic presentation of visual stimuli, facial identity matching and facial expression matching were tested, followed by making syntactical judgements for words and finally reading words out loud. No hemispheric differences were found for facial identity or facial expression matching, except where the faces to be matched only comprised internal features, when a right hemisphere advantage was found. The majority of the word processing studies elicited a left hemispheric superiority. It was also shown that words were recognised more easily when they contained fewer syllables, and were more common and familiar to the reader. The third aim of the thesis was to test two additional subjects, who had been shown, on the basis of PET imaging, to have reversed cerebral asymmetry, specifically right hemispheric activity for linguistic tasks. These subjects were tested on the facial identity matching and word processing tasks. No hemispheric advantage for face processing was found, but either a right hemisphere advantage or no hemispheric advantage was found for both of them for word processing, whereas on the same tasks control subjects showed a significant left hemisphere advantage. As a result of this finding, it is suggested that one of the word tasks could possibly be used for further clarification when the results of the WADA test, used for assessing the language dominance of epileptics prior to surgery, are unclear. Alternatively, the results of such a task could be correlated with the results of PET and MRI scans to further investigate hemispheric asymmetry in a quantitative way, thus using converging evidence from both experimental psychological and neurological methods.
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Wittwer, Tania. "The own-group bias in face processing: the effect of training on recognition performance." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33070.
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The own-group bias in face recognition (OGB) is the greater facility to distinguish and recognize people from one's own group at the expense of people from other-groups. The OGB has been studied for many years, however, very little research focuses on finding a way to decrease or eliminate it, through training. Reporting five studies involving memory or matching tasks, the aim of the present thesis was to develop and to explore to what extent training can decrease or remove the OGB. French White participants, and South African White, Black and Coloured participants took part in different studies, using Black and White faces as stimuli. In each study, White participants from both countries presented the expected OGB prior to any intervention. However, the presence of the OGB in South African Black participants was detected only in one (matching task) study, instead recording a higher discrimination performance by Black participants for White faces in the other studies. As expected, South African Coloured participants did not display increased discrimination performance for any of the other stimuli groups, both being out-group stimuli. Results from the training studies revealed either (a) no effect of a distributed training in feature focus over 5 weeks; (b) an increase of the OGB after a focus on critical facial features; (c) a decrease of the OGB in a task-specific training using pictures whose quality had been manipulated, and; (d) an important implication of the presence/absence of the target in a field detection study. With some promising results, the present work contributes to our understanding of how training could be used to improve face-recognition, and especially other-group face recognition.
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Mareckova, Klara. "Sex differences and the role of sex hormones in face development and face processing." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13333/.
Full textAbstract:
Sex differences have been identified in both external appearance of faces (e.g. Bulygina et al., 2006; Weston et al., 2007) and the way information about faces is extracted by our brains, that is in face processing (e.g. Tahmasebi et al., 2012; Hampson et al., 2006). The mechanisms leading to the development of such sex differences are not well understood. This thesis explores the role of sex hormones in face development and face processing. Data from two large-scale studies (Saguenay Youth Study and Imagen, with n=1,000 and 2,000, respectively) and four smaller datasets (Cycle-Pill Study, n=20; Pill Study, n=20; First Impression Study, n=120, and Twin Study, n=119) were used to explore the effects of sex and sex hormones on face development (head MR images, MRI-face reconstruction) and face processing (functional MRI data, eye-tracking data). Shape of male and female faces was influenced by both prenatal and pubertal androgens. Facial signature of prenatal androgens, identified by the sex-discordant twin design, was found also in an independent dataset of female adolescents (singletons) and we showed that prenatal androgens, indexed indirectly by the facial signature, were associated with larger brain size. We propose that this facial signature might be used, similarly to digit ratio, as an indirect index of prenatal androgens. Variability in postnatal sex hormones due to the use of oral contraception and the phase of menstrual cycle influenced brain response to faces. Using the same dynamic face stimuli as in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we showed that eye-movements scanning the face did not differ between the users and non-users of oral contraception. We conclude that effects of sex hormones can be observed in both the face and the brain and that these effects help us understand sex differences in face shape and face processing. **This version does not contain the previously published journal articles reproduced in the printed thesis (appendices 1-3). For details see p. 188. **
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Nelson, Elizabeth. "Investigating the Associations between Performance Outcomes on Tasks Indexing Featural, Configural and Holistic Face Processing and Their Correlations with Face Recognition Ability." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37917.
Full textAbstract:
Many important questions remain unanswered regarding how we recognize faces. Methodological inconsistencies have contributed to confusion regarding these questions, especially those surrounding three purported face processing mechanisms—featural, configural, and holistic—and the extent to which each play a role in face recognition. The work presented here aims to 1) empirically test the assumption that several face recognition tasks index the same underlying construct(s), and 2) contribute data to a number of ongoing debates concerning the reliability and validity of various methods for assessing integrative (i.e., holistic and/or configural) aspects of face processing.
Experiment 1 tested the assumption that various tasks purporting to measure integrative face processing index the same construct(s). It is important to test this assumption because if these tasks are in fact measuring different things, then researchers should cease interpreting them as interchangeable measures. Using a within-subjects design (N = 223) we compared performance—as reflected by accuracy and reaction time measures, as well as two types of difference scores—across four of the most commonly used integrative face processing tasks: The Partial Composite Face Effect Task, the Face Inversion Effect Task, the Part Whole Effect Task, and the Configural/Featural Difference Detection Task.
Analyses showed that within-task correlations were much stronger than those between-tasks. This suggests that the four conditions within each task are measuring something in common; In contrast, low correlations across tasks suggest that each is measuring something unique. This in turn suggests these tasks should not be seen as assessing the same integrative face-processing construct. Exploratory factor analyses corroborated the correlation data, finding that performance on most conditions loaded onto a single factor in unrotated solutions, but onto separate factors in direct oblimin-rotated solutions.
In Experiment 2, we investigated the question of whether integrative face processing performance is related to face recognition ability. We did this by assessing the degree to which results from four widely-used integrative face processing tasks correlate with a measure of general face recognition ability, The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). The four integrative processing tasks used in this study only partly overlapped those from in Experiment 1. They were: The Complete Composite Face Effect Task, the Partial Composite Face Effect Task, the Part Whole Effect Task, and the Configural/Featural Difference Detection Task. As with Experiment 1, we used a within-subjects design (N = 260) and analyzed a variety of performance variables across these tasks.
Analyses demonstrated low to moderate positive correlations between performance on the task conditions and performance on the CFMT. This suggests that the constructs the tasks reflect do contribute to face recognition ability to a modest degree. These analyses also replicated parts of Experiment 1, showing weak correlations between tasks. Also similar to Experiment 1, factor analyses generally revealed task conditions loading onto a common first factor in the unrotated factor matrix, but loading separately in the rotated factor solution.
In addition to providing evidence regarding the nature of integrative face processing tasks, the data presented here speak to a number of other questions in this domain. For instance, they contribute to the debate regarding which kinds of difference scores (subtraction-based or regression-based) are more reliable, as well as the reliability of the various tasks used to investigate integrative face processing. In addition, the data inform the debate over whether the Complete or the Partial version of the Composite Face Effect Task is the superior measure of integrative face processing.
In summary, the studies presented here indicate that the previous literature in face recognition needs to be interpreted with care, with an eye to differences in methodology and the problems of low measurement reliability. The various methods used to investigate integrative face processing are not assessing the same thing and cannot be taken as reflecting the same underlying construct.
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Espinosa-Romero, Arturo. "Situated face detection." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6667.
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In the last twenty years, important advances have been made in the field of automatic face processing, given the importance of human faces for personal identification, emotional expression and verbal and non verbal communication. The very first step in a face processing algorithm is the detection of faces; while this is a trivial problem in controlled environments, the detection of faces in real environments is still a challenging task. Until now, the most successful approaches for face detection represent the face as a grey-level pattern, and the problem itself is considered as the classification between "face" and "non-face" patterns. Satisfactory results have been achieved in this area. The main disadvantage is that an exhaustive search has to be done on each image in order to locate the faces. This search normally involves testing every single position on the image at different scales, and although this does not represent an important drawback in off-line face processing systems, in those cases where a real-time response is needed it is still a problem. In the different proposed methods for face detection, the "observer" is a disembodied entity, which holds no relationship with the observed scene. This thesis presents a framework for an efficient location of faces in real scenes, in which, by considering both the observer to be situated in the world, and the relationships that hold between the two, a set of constraints in the search space can be defined. The constraints rely on two main assumptions; first, the observer can purposively interact with the world (i.e. change its position relative to the observed scene) and second, the camera is fully calibrated. The first source constraint is the structural information about the observer environment, represented as a depth map of the scene in front of the camera. From this representation the search space can be constrained in terms of the range of scales where a face might be found as different positions in the image. The second source of constraint is the geometrical relationship between the camera and the scene, which allows us to project a model of the subject into the scene in order to eliminate those areas where faces are unlikely to be found. In order to test the proposed framework, a system based on the premises stated above was constructed. It is based on three different modules: a face/non-face classifier, a depth estimation module and a search module. The classifier is composed of a set of convolutional neural networks (CNN) that were trained to differentiate between face and non-face patterns, the depth estimation modules uses a multilevel algorithm to compute the scene depth map from a sequence of images captured the depth information and the subject model into the image where the search will be performed in order to constrain the search space. Finally, the proposed system was validated by running a set of experiments on the individual modules and then on the whole system.
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Costen, Nicholas Paul. "Spatial frequencies and face recognition." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU069146.
Full textAbstract:
If face images are degraded by spatial quantisation there is a non-linear acceleration of the decline of recognition accuracy as block-size increases, suggesting recognition requires a critical minimum range of object spatial frequencies. These may define the facial configuration, reflecting the structural properties allowing differentiation of faces. Experiment 1 measured speed and accuracy of recognition of six fronto-parallel faces shown with 11, 21 and 42 pixels/face, produced by quantisation, a Fourier low-pass filter and Gaussian blurring. Performance declined with image quality in a significant, non-linear manner, but faster for the quantised images. Experiment 2 found some of this additional decline was due to frequency-domain masking. Experiment 3 compared recognition for quantised, Fourier low-pass and high-pass versions, recognition was only impaired when the frequency limit exceeded the range 4.5-12.5 cycles/face. Experiment 4 found this was not due to contrast differences. Experiments 5, 6 and 7 used octave band-pass filters centred on 4.14, 9.67 and 22.15 cycles/face, varying view-point for both sequential matching and recognition. The spatial frequency effect was not found for matching, but was for recognition. Experiment 8 also measured recognition of band-passed images, presented with octave bands centred on 2.46-50.15 cycles/face and at 0-90 degrees from fronto-parallel. Spatial frequency effects were found at all angles, with best performance for semi-profile images and 11.10 cycles/face. Experiment 9 replicated this, with perceptually equal contrasts and the outer facial contour removed. Modeling showed this reflected a single spatial-frequency channel two octaves wide, centred on 9 cycles/face. Experiment 10 measured response time for successive matching of faces across a size-disparity, finding an asymmetrical effect.
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Le, Grand Richard Maurer Daphne. "The role of early visual experience in the development of expert face processing /." *McMaster only, 2003.
Find full text
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Nortje, Alicia. "Face off : automatic versus controlled processing: does a shift in processing affect facial recognition?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11023.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96).
Working from the transfer-inappropriate processing shift (Schooler, 2002), this project aimed to investigate whether a shift from automatic to controlled processing would impair face recognition rates, much like the manipulated Navon letters do (Perfect, Weston, Dennis, & Snell, 2008), thus providing an alternative explanation for the mechanism underlying the verbal overshadowing effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990).
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Fox, Christopher James. "Face perception : the relationship between identity and expression processing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/949.
Full textAbstract:
Current models of face perception suggest independent processing of identity and expression, though this distinction is still unclear. Using converging methods of psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy and patient populations we assessed the relationship between these two perceptual processes. First, using perceptual aftereffects, we explored the neural representations underlying identity and expression. The expression aftereffect only partially transferred across different identities, suggesting adaptation within identity-invariant and identity-dependent expression representations. Contrarily, the identity aftereffect fully transferred across different expressions. This asymmetry cannot be explained through low-level adaptation. The identity-dependent component of the expression aftereffect relies on adaptation to a coherent expression, not low-level features, in the adapting face. Thus adaptation generating the expression aftereffect must occur within high-level representations of facial expression. Second, using fMRI adaptation, we examined identity and expression sensitivity in healthy controls. The fusiform face area and posterior superior temporal sulcus showed sensitivity for both identity and expression changes. Independent sensitivity for identity and expression changes was observed in the precuneus and middle superior temporal sulcus respectively. Finally, we explored identity and expression perception in a neuropsychological population. Selective identity impairments were associated with inferior occipitotemporal damage, not necessarily affecting the occipital or fusiform face areas. Impaired expression perception was associated with superior temporal sulcus damage, and also with deficits in the integration of identity and expression. In summary, psychophysics, neuroimaging and neuropsychological methods all provide converging evidence for the independent processing of identity and expression within the face network. However, these same methods also supply converging evidence for a partial dependence of these two perceptual processes: in the expression aftereffect, the functional sensitivities of the FFA and pSTS, and identity deficits observed in a patient with primarily impaired expression perception and a spared inferotemporal cortex. Thus, future models of face perception must incorporate representations or regions which independently process identity or expression as well as those which are involved in the perception of both identity and expression.
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Daniel, Niki. "Face processing strategies in children with autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1111/.
Full textAbstract:
The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the face processing strategies of children with high-functioning autism. Based on the assumptions that face processing relies on holistic, configural and featural information processing of faces, and on previous findings that individuals with autism show atypicalities in configural and/or holistic face processing, experiments in the current thesis were designed in order to further investigate configural and holistic processing of faces in ASD. Experiment 1 investigated configural processing with the use of the ‘Jane Task’ (Mondloch, et al., 2002). Experiment 2 investigated holistic processing by replicating the part-whole paradigm (Joseph & Tanaka, 2003). Experiments 3 and 4 aimed to clarify the relationship between configural and holistic processing and their operationalisation, by applying the face distinctiveness effect paradigm (Johnston & Ellis, 1995). Experiment 5 aimed to further investigate the face inversion effect and its implications on configural processing. Overall, our participants with ASD showed typical holistic and configural face processing when faces were upright. However, when face stimuli were presented in inverted conditions, participants with ASD showed atypicalities and differences compared to a typically developing comparison group of children. It was concluded that children with ASD develop compensatory strategies for processing faces which are effective for upright faces, however when faces are upside down these strategies fail to support recognition and so impairments become apparent. Implications of the current findings are discussed in relation to the broader theories of autism as well as the face processing literature and the current paradigms used to investigate the different types of face processing
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Knowles, Mark Michael. "Using interference to track developmental changes in face processing." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.587536.
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A series of six experiments are reported in this thesis: four investigated developmental trends in configural face processing using an interference paradigm, and two investigated developmental trends in face gender classification. Results from experiments 1-3 indicated that developmental differences in face recognition depend on the type of stimulus employed. Unlike young children, older children and adults suffered a significant decrease in both accuracy (face identification) and response time from whole, inner, and outer face recognition to whole, inner, and outer meld face recognition - where meld faces represent configurally disrupted faces. Results from experiment 4 indicated that this effect was significantly reduced when part faces rather than whole faces where presented at the encoding stage. These findings were interpreted using a concept of featural and configural processing within Valentine's (1991) face-space model. Results from experiments 5-6 indicated that unlike face recognition, configural disruption did not affect differences in performance across the age span. However, in line with the face recognition experiments, an outer face advantage was observed across stimulus type. These results were further accommodated into Valentines face-space model, opening up opportunity for further lines of enquiry.
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Hayden, Angela Nicole. "THE ROLE OF RACIAL INFORMATION IN INFANT FACE PROCESSING." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/54.
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The present research addressed the development of specialization in face processing in infancy by examining the roles of race and emotion. An other-race face among own-race faces draws adults’ attention to a greater degree than an own-race face among other-race faces due to the “other-race” feature in other-race faces. This feature underlies race-based differences in adults’ face processing. The current studies investigated the development of this mechanism as well as the influence that this mechanism has on emotion processing in infancy.
In Experiment 1, Caucasian 3.5- and 9- month-olds exhibited a preference for a pattern containing an Asian face among seven Caucasian faces over a pattern containing a Caucasian face among seven Asian faces. This preference was not driven by the majority of elements in the images, because a control group of infants failed to exhibit a preference between homogeneous patterns containing eight Caucasian versus eight Asian faces. The asymmetrical attentional engagement by other-race faces indicates that the other-race feature is developed by 3.5 months of age.
Like race, emotions elicit asymmetrical attention in adults: an emotional face among neutral faces is more rapidly detected than vice versa. In Experiment 2a, 9-month-olds’ preference for a pattern containing a fearful face among neutral faces over a pattern containing a neutral face among fearful faces was greater than their preference for all neutral over all fearful faces. Thus, 9-month-olds exhibited an asymmetry in the processing of emotions. Moreover, this asymmetry was not affected by the race of the faces depicting the emotion. In Experiment 2B, 3.5-month-olds failed to exhibit a preference when tested with the same procedure.
Overall, the data suggest that other-race information is processed as a feature by 3.5- and 9-month-olds, which indicates that infants process other-race information in a different, perhaps categorical, manner than own-race information. Also, other-race information does not disrupt emotion processing by 9-month-olds, which suggests that emotion and race information are processed separately in infancy. Finally, the current results indicate that adult-like asymmetrical attention to emotion develops between 3.5 and 9 months of age.
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Nakabayashi, Kazuyo. "The role of verbal processing in face recognition memory." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1268/.
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This dissertation attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the role of verbal processing in face recognition memory by examining some of the neglected issues in two streams of cognitive research, face recognition and verbal overshadowing. Traditionally, research in face recognition focuses on visual and semantic aspects of familiar and unfamiliar face processing, with little acknowledgement of any verbal aspect. By contrast, the verbal overshadowing literature examines the effect of verbal retrieval of unfamiliar face memory on subsequent recognition, with little attention to actual mechanisms underlying processing of these faces. Although both are concerned with our ability to recognise faces, they have proceeded independently as their research focus is diverse. It therefore remains uncertain whether or not face encoding entails verbal processing, and whether or not verbal processing is always detrimental to face recognition. To address these issues, some experimental techniques used in face recognition research were combined with methods from verbal overshadowing research. The first strand of experiments examined configural-visual and featural-verbal processing associations in change recognition tasks. The second strand systematically examined the role of verbal processing in recognition memory by manipulating the degree of verbal involvement during and after encoding. The third strand examined the ‘perceptual expertise’ account of verbal overshadowing in picture recognition memory tasks, involving pictures of familiar and unfamiliar people. The fourth strand directly tested a tentative hypothesis ‘verbal code interference’ to explain verbal overshadowing by manipulating the frequency and time of face verbalisation in line-up identification tasks. The concluding experiment looked at the relation between intentional learning and verbal overshadowing in a recognition memory task using more naturalistic stimuli. The main findings indicate first, that mechanisms underlying face processing appear to be complex, and simple processing associations (configural-visual and featural-verbal processing) cannot be made. Second, face encoding seems to involve some sort of verbal processing which may actually be necessary for successful recognition. Third, post-encoding verbalisation per se does not seem to be the key determiner for recognition impairment. Rather, the interference between verbal representations formed under different contexts seems to harm recognition. Fourth, verbal overshadowing was found only for unfamiliar face picture recognition, but not for familiar face picture recognition, casting a doubt on ‘perceptual expertise account’. Finally, although no clear evidence linking intentional learning and verbal overshadowing was found, intentional learning and verbalisation in combination affected a response pattern. These results were discussed in relation to ongoing debate over causes of the verbal overshadowing effect, which raises an important ecological question as to whether the phenomenon might reflect natural human memory interference.
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Urban, Luke (Luke S. ). "Neural correlates of extended dynamic face processing in neurotypicals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62754.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-107).
This thesis explores the unique brain patterns resulting from prolonged dynamic face stimuli. The brain waves from neurotypical subjects were recorded using the electroencephalography (EEG) while viewing a series of 10 second long video clips. These clips were one of two categories: face or non-face. Modern signal processing and machine learning techniques were applied to the resulting waveforms to determine the underlying neurological signature for extended face viewings. The occipitotemporal (left hemisphere), occipitotemporal (right hemisphere), and occipital proved to have the largest change in activity. Across the 12 recorded subjects a consistent decrease in the 10 Hz power range and increase in the 20 Hz power range was found. This biomarker will serve later works in the study of autism.
by Luke Urban.
M.Eng.
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Lin, Frank Chi-Hao. "Super-resolution image processing with application to face recognition." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16703/1/Frank_Lin_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Subject identification from surveillance imagery has become an important task for forensic investigation. Good quality images of the subjects are essential for the surveillance footage to be useful. However, surveillance videos are of low resolution due to data storage requirements. In addition, subjects typically occupy a small portion of a camera's field of view. Faces, which are of primary interest, occupy an even smaller array of pixels. For reliable face recognition from surveillance video, there is a need to generate higher resolution images of the subject's face from low-resolution video. Super-resolution image reconstruction is a signal processing based approach that aims to reconstruct a high-resolution image by combining a number of low-resolution images. The low-resolution images that differ by a sub-pixel shift contain complementary information as they are different "snapshots" of the same scene. Once geometrically registered onto a common high-resolution grid, they can be merged into a single image with higher resolution.
As super-resolution is a computationally intensive process, traditional reconstruction-based super-resolution methods simplify the problem by restricting the correspondence between low-resolution frames to global motion such as translational and affine transformation. Surveillance footage however, consists of independently moving non-rigid objects such as faces. Applying global registration methods result in registration errors that lead to artefacts that adversely affect recognition. The human face also presents additional problems such as selfocclusion and reflectance variation that even local registration methods find difficult to model. In this dissertation, a robust optical flow-based super-resolution technique was proposed to overcome these difficulties. Real surveillance footage and the Terrascope database were used to compare the reconstruction quality of the proposed method against interpolation and existing super-resolution algorithms. Results show that the proposed robust optical flow-based method consistently produced more accurate reconstructions.
This dissertation also outlines a systematic investigation of how super-resolution affects automatic face recognition algorithms with an emphasis on comparing reconstruction- and learning-based super-resolution approaches. While reconstruction-based super-resolution approaches like the proposed method attempt to recover the aliased high frequency information, learning-based methods synthesise them instead. Learning-based methods are able to synthesise plausible high frequency detail at high magnification ratios but the appearance of the face may change to the extent that the person no longer looks like him/herself. Although super-resolution has been applied to facial imagery, very little has been reported elsewhere on measuring the performance changes from super-resolved images. Intuitively, super-resolution improves image fidelity, and hence should improve the ability to distinguish between faces and consequently automatic face recognition accuracy. This is the first study to comprehensively investigate the effect of super-resolution on face recognition. Since super-resolution is a computationally intensive process it is important to understand the benefits in relation to the trade-off in computations.
A framework for testing face recognition algorithms with multi-resolution images was proposed, using the XM2VTS database as a sample implementation. Results show that super-resolution offers a small improvement over bilinear interpolation in recognition performance in the absence of noise and that super-resolution is more beneficial when the input images are noisy since noise is attenuated during the frame fusion process.
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Lin, Frank Chi-Hao. "Super-resolution image processing with application to face recognition." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16703/.
Full textAbstract:
Subject identification from surveillance imagery has become an important task for forensic investigation. Good quality images of the subjects are essential for the surveillance footage to be useful. However, surveillance videos are of low resolution due to data storage requirements. In addition, subjects typically occupy a small portion of a camera's field of view. Faces, which are of primary interest, occupy an even smaller array of pixels. For reliable face recognition from surveillance video, there is a need to generate higher resolution images of the subject's face from low-resolution video. Super-resolution image reconstruction is a signal processing based approach that aims to reconstruct a high-resolution image by combining a number of low-resolution images. The low-resolution images that differ by a sub-pixel shift contain complementary information as they are different "snapshots" of the same scene. Once geometrically registered onto a common high-resolution grid, they can be merged into a single image with higher resolution. As super-resolution is a computationally intensive process, traditional reconstruction-based super-resolution methods simplify the problem by restricting the correspondence between low-resolution frames to global motion such as translational and affine transformation. Surveillance footage however, consists of independently moving non-rigid objects such as faces. Applying global registration methods result in registration errors that lead to artefacts that adversely affect recognition. The human face also presents additional problems such as selfocclusion and reflectance variation that even local registration methods find difficult to model. In this dissertation, a robust optical flow-based super-resolution technique was proposed to overcome these difficulties. Real surveillance footage and the Terrascope database were used to compare the reconstruction quality of the proposed method against interpolation and existing super-resolution algorithms. Results show that the proposed robust optical flow-based method consistently produced more accurate reconstructions. This dissertation also outlines a systematic investigation of how super-resolution affects automatic face recognition algorithms with an emphasis on comparing reconstruction- and learning-based super-resolution approaches. While reconstruction-based super-resolution approaches like the proposed method attempt to recover the aliased high frequency information, learning-based methods synthesise them instead. Learning-based methods are able to synthesise plausible high frequency detail at high magnification ratios but the appearance of the face may change to the extent that the person no longer looks like him/herself. Although super-resolution has been applied to facial imagery, very little has been reported elsewhere on measuring the performance changes from super-resolved images. Intuitively, super-resolution improves image fidelity, and hence should improve the ability to distinguish between faces and consequently automatic face recognition accuracy. This is the first study to comprehensively investigate the effect of super-resolution on face recognition. Since super-resolution is a computationally intensive process it is important to understand the benefits in relation to the trade-off in computations. A framework for testing face recognition algorithms with multi-resolution images was proposed, using the XM2VTS database as a sample implementation. Results show that super-resolution offers a small improvement over bilinear interpolation in recognition performance in the absence of noise and that super-resolution is more beneficial when the input images are noisy since noise is attenuated during the frame fusion process.
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Russo, Manuela Francesca. "Exploring the neural mechanisms underlying face processing using electrophysiology and behaviour: Domain specific processing or visual expertise?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203909/1/Manuela_Russo_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigated how people respond to visual presentation of novel stimuli depicting familiar and unfamiliar objects from different viewpoints, to study the effects of conceptual expertise on early brain signals. During a set of experiments time sensitive electrophysiological brain, and behavioural responses were recorded whilst people viewed such stimuli. This thesis employed a new approach, aimed to disentangle a long scientific debate and found compelling evidence to support that humans' brain responses to visual stimuli are modulated by expertise across a range of stimulus categories and that canonical orientations of stimulus objects are an important driver of these effects.
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Pickering, Esther. "Event-related brain potential correlates of familiar face and name processing." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249975.
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Hill, Harold. "Effects of lighting on the perception of facial surfaces." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384985.
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Shah, Dhrasti K. "Electrophysiological Investigation of Facial Expression Processing in Patients with Schizophrenia: Effects of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Spatial Frequency Filtering." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38500.
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Growing evidence supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis, including CBT for voices (CBTv), which targets auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). CBT may be a promising approach for improving information processing difficulties in schizophrenia, and by so doing, facilitating social cognition and daily functioning. While many studies have tested treatment effects in schizophrenia, none have specifically evaluated electrophysiological changes in brain activity following CBT in patients with schizophrenia.
Electrophysiological studies have revealed a number of event related potentials (ERPs) associated with impaired processing of emotional facial expressions in patients with schizophrenia. This well-documented difficulty with facial expression recognition has been associated with impaired low-level visual information processing. However, there is only limited and inconsistent data on the way in which early visual processing deficits are related to impaired emotional expression processing in this patient population. The research presented in this thesis assessed changes in ERPs to emotional expressions following cognitive behavioural therapy for voices (CBTv) in patients with schizophrenia who experience auditory hallucinations. The studies presented also examined ERPs evoked in response to spatial frequency filtered (SF-filtered) and unfiltered images of facial expressions and control objects in healthy controls and a homogenous sample of schizophrenia patients – those experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations. This was done to test certain hypotheses regarding the low-level genesis of face recognition difficulties in schizophrenia.
Relative to controls, patients with schizophrenia indicated blunted: 1) early-stage visual information processing to sad, angry and fearful facial expressions (as indexed by the amplitude of the P100 ERP), 2) facial structural encoding to neutral, joyful, sad, angry and fearful facial expression (as indexed by the N170), and 3) higher-order decoding of all facial expressions (indexed by mean amplitude of the P300). Assessment of SF-filtered facial expressions found impaired early processing (i.e., P100) specific to low spatial frequency (LSF) filtered fearful facial expression and high spatial frequency (HSF) filtered neutral faces in patients with schizophrenia, which at later stages (i.e., N170 and P300) extended to all facial expressions and SF filtering conditions. Within-group comparisons showed that patients exhibited a different pattern of ERP modulation across facial expressions than controls for P100 and N170, but not for P300. The within-group comparisons also suggested a heightened response to LSF threatening information, relative to BSF conditions, in the patient group.
CBTv therapy did not change ERP amplitudes in response to facial expressions, but was associated with decreased latency in the P100. This improved processing speed was not reflected in later ERP components (i.e., N170 and P300).
These results indicate that earlier perceptual processing impairments are expression-specific and that behavioural and electrophysiological face-processing deficits in schizophrenia arise from early-stage deficits in visual processing. The finding of an improvement in visual processing speed to facial expressions following CBTv treatment provides the first demonstration of CBTv-induced changes to brain responses to facial expressions at an early neural processing stage.
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Jia, Xiaoguang. "Extending the feature set for automatic face recognition." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/250161/.
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Automatic face recognition has long been studied because it has a wide potential for application. Several systems have been developed to identify faces from small face populations via detailed face feature analysis, or by using neural nets, or through model based approaches. This study has aimed to provide satisfactory recognition within large populations of human faces and has concentrated on improving feature definition and extraction to establish an extended feature set to lead to a fully structured recognition system based on a single frontal view. An overall review on the development and the techniques of automatic face recognition is included, and performances of earlier systems are discussed. A novel profile description has been achieved from a frontal view of a face and is represented by a Walsh power spectrum which was selected from seven different descriptions due to its ability to distinguish the differences between profiles of different faces. A further feature has concerned the face contour which is extracted by iterative curve fitting and described by normalized Fourier descriptors. To accompany an extended set of geometric measurements, the eye region feature is described statistically by eye-centred moments. Hair texture has also been studied for the purpose of segmenting it from other parts of the face and to investigate the possibility of using it as a set of feature. These new features combine to form an extended feature vector to describe a face. The algorithms for feature extraction have been implemented on face images from different subjects and multiple views from the same person but without the face normal to the camera or without constant illumination. Features have been assessed in consequence on each feature set separately and on the composite feature vector. The results have continued to emphasize that though each description can be used to recognise a face there is a clear need for an extended feature set to cope with the requirements of recognizing faces within large populations.