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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Face processing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Face processing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Face processing"

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Jin, Haiyang, Luyan Ji, Olivia S. Cheung, and William G. Hayward. "Two faces of holistic face processing." Journal of Vision 21, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 2553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.9.2553.

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Mondloch, Catherine J., Richard Le Grand, and Daphne Maurer. "Configural Face Processing Develops more Slowly than Featural Face Processing." Perception 31, no. 5 (May 2002): 553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3339.

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Expertise in face processing takes many years to develop. To determine the contribution of different face-processing skills to this slow development, we altered a single face so as to create sets of faces designed to measure featural, configural, and contour processing. Within each set, faces differed only in the shape of the eyes and mouth (featural set), only in the spacing of the eyes and mouth (spacing set), or only in the shape of the external contour (contour set). We presented adults, and children aged 6, 8, and 10 years, with pairs of upright and inverted faces and instructed them to indicate whether the two faces were the same or different. Adults showed a larger inversion effect for the spacing set than for the featural and external contour sets, confirming that the spacing set taps configural processing. On the spacing set, all groups of children made more errors than adults. In contrast, on the external contour and featural sets, children at all ages were almost as accurate as adults, with no significant difference beginning at age 6 on the external contour set and beginning at age 10 on the featural set. Overall, the results indicate that adult expertise in configural processing is especially slow to develop.

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Murphy, Jennifer, Katie L. H. Gray, and Richard Cook. "Inverted faces benefit from whole-face processing." Cognition 194 (January 2020): 104105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104105.

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Takahashi, Hiroki. "Face Information Processing." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 61, no. 4 (2006): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.61.447.

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Johnson, Mark H. "Subcortical face processing." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6, no. 10 (October 2005): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1766.

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Lederman, Susan J., Andrea Kilgour, Ryo Kitada, Roberta L. Klatzky, and Cheryl Hamilton. "Haptic face processing." Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 61, no. 3 (2007): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cjep2007024.

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Sugita, Yoichi. "Innate face processing." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 19, no. 1 (February 2009): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2009.03.001.

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BOOKHEIMER, SUSAN Y., A. TING WANG, ASHLEY SCOTT, MARIAN SIGMAN, and MIRELLA DAPRETTO. "Frontal contributions to face processing differences in autism: Evidence from fMRI of inverted face processing." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, no. 6 (October 27, 2008): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561770808140x.

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AbstractFunctional neuroimaging studies of face processing deficits in autism have typically focused on visual processing regions, such as the fusiform face area (FFA), which have shown reduced activity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), though inconsistently. We recently reported reduced activity in the inferior frontal region in ASD, implicating impaired mirror-neuron systems during face processing. In the present study, we used fMRI during a face processing task in which subjects had to match faces presented in the upright versus inverted position. Typically developing (TD) children showed a classic behavioral inversion effect, increased reaction time for inverted faces, while this effect was significantly reduced in ASD subjects. The fMRI data showed similar responses in the fusiform face area for ASD and TD children, with both groups demonstrating increased activation for inverted faces. However, the groups did differ in several brain regions implicated in social cognition, particularly prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These data suggest that the behavioral differences in processing upright versus inverted faces for TD children are related not to visual information processing but to the social significance of the stimuli. Our results are consistent with other recent studies implicating frontal and limbic dysfunction during face processing in autism. (JINS, 2008, 14, 922–932.)

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Besson, G., G. Barragan-Jason, S. J. Thorpe, M. Fabre-Thorpe, S. Puma, M. Ceccaldi, and E. J. Barbeau. "From face processing to face recognition: Comparing three different processing levels." Cognition 158 (January 2017): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.004.

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Bublatzky, Florian, Andre Pittig, Harald T. Schupp, and Georg W. Alpers. "Face-to-face: Perceived personal relevance amplifies face processing." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 12, no. 5 (February 1, 2017): 811–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Face processing"

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de, Haan E. H. F. "Disorders of face processing : an investigation of implicit face processing." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233572.

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Archer, Jacqueline. "Face processing and schizophrenia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337662.

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Jenkins, Robert. "Attention and face processing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246310.

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Yamaguchi, Takahiro. "Investigating face prototype processing." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3316379.

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Ng, Minna. "Selectivity of face processing mechanisms." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3263467.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 2, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Whitney, Hannah L. "Object agnosia and face processing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548326.

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Baird, Lyndsay. "Interhemispheric communication during face processing." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1295/.

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It is widely acknowledged that the cerebral hemispheres do not operate in isolation during the processing of complex visual stimuli. Patterns of interhemispheric communication are believed to be integral to cognitive abilities yet despite this, both the circumstances under which communication takes and the nature of the information that can be communicated remain relatively poorly understood. The experiments in this thesis address the nature of interhemispheric communication during the processing of face and identity information using a range of divided visual field paradigms. The first line of enquiry explored the nature of identity information that can be communicated interhemispherically. Specifically, the aim was to establish whether abstract identity driven collaboration could be achieved with stimuli denoting the same concept or if cross-hemispheric communication is restricted to more low-level, stimulus driven interactions. Further studies examined the impact of task difficulty on interhemispheric communication and whether dividing identity related cognitive processing between both hemispheres was more beneficial to performance than constraining to one. The main findings indicate that both conceptual identity information and superficial image characteristics can be communicated across the hemispheres for familiar but not unfamiliar faces. Results of enquiries into the benefits of dividing processing between the hemispheres were somewhat inconclusive leading to an exploration of the impact of capacity limits for face processing on the experimental paradigm. Evidence that interhemispheric communication may occur asymmetrically in the direction of right hemisphere to left hemisphere was also obtained. Findings are discussed within the context of existing literature and theories examining the processes of interhemispheric communication.

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Elgar, Kate Louise. "Face processing in Turner syndrome." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404564.

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Rellecke, Julian. "Automaticity in affective face processing." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16626.

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Emotionale Gesichtsausdrücke sind hochrelevante Reize für den Menschen. Es wurde daher angenommen, dass sie von evolutionär bedingten Mechanismen automatisch verarbeitet werden. Bis zu welchem Maße diese Verarbeitung tatsächlich automatisch verläuft ist noch immer kontrovers. Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt an diese Debatte an, indem sie eine spontane Tendenz aufzeigt vor allem bedrohlichen Gesichtsaudrücken vermehrt Verarbeitungsressourcen zuzuweisen, auch dann, wenn sie nur oberflächlich enkodiert werden und Emotionalität irrelevant für die gegebene Aufgabe ist (Studie 1 und 2). Diese Tendenz wurde bezüglich zweier Schlüsselkriterien von Automatizität untersucht, nämlich dem Intentionalitäts- (Studie 3) und dem Auslastungskriterium (Studie 4 und 5); diese nehmen an, dass automatische Verarbeitung unabhängig von der gegebenen Intention des Individuums, beziehungsweise konkurrierender Aufgabenanforderungen verläuft. Anhand ereigniskorrelierter Potenziale (EKPs) konnte gezeigt werden, dass verstärkte perzeptuelle Enkodierung emotionaler Gesichtsausdrücke weitgehend unabhängig von Intention auftrat, wohingegen verstärkte höhere kognitive Verarbeitung davon abhing, ob Reize vertieft verarbeitet wurden (Studie 3). Wurde die Kontrolle über die Gesichtsverarbeitung durch eine konkurrierende Aufgabe beeinträchtigt, während Emotionalität relevant war, so verstärkte dies emotionale Effekte auf der perzeptuellen und frühen, höheren kognitiven Ebene (Studie 4). Ähnliches konnte auch für die perzeptuelle Verarbeitung attraktiver Gesichter beobachtet werden (Studie 5). Hingegen war bei verminderter Kontrolle die verstärkte Enkodierung bedrohlicher Ausdrücke in späten kognitiven Verarbeitungsstufen unterdrückt. Die vorliegenden Befunde sprechen gegen eine Automatisierung affektiver Gesichtsverarbeitung und legen stattdessen nahe, dass biologisch vorbereitete Verarbeitungstendenzen durch aufgabenorientierte Kontrollmechanismen und ihr Zusammenspiel mit Intention moduliert werden.
Emotional facial expressions are highly relevant stimuli in humans. It has thus been suggested that they are processed automatically by evolutionarily in-built mechanisms. However, to which extent such processing in fact arises automatically is still controversial. The current work feeds into this debate by showing a tendency to spontaneously allocate increased processing capacity to emotional, especially threat-related expressions, even when processed merely superficially and emotionality is irrelevant to the task at hand (Study 1 and 2). This bias was further tested with regard to key criteria of automaticity; that is the intentionality (Study 3) and the load-insensitivity criterion (Study 4 and 5) assuming automatic processing to arise irrespective of intention of the individual, and concurrent task demands, respectively. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) revealed enhanced perceptual encoding of threat-related expressions to remain largely unaffected by intention. In contrast, at the higher cognitive level, enhanced encoding depended on whether stimuli were voluntarily processed more deeply (Study 3). However, when control over face processing was impaired by a concurrent task, while emotionality was deemed relevant, emotion effects were enhanced at both, the perceptual and early higher cognitive level (Study 4). Similar was observed for perceptual encoding of attractive faces (Study 5). In contrast, during late higher cognitive stages of in-depth face processing, enhanced encoding of threat was eliminated when control was reduced (Study 4). The present results speak against full automaticity in affective face processing but suggest that biologically prepared processing biases are modulated by task-oriented control mechanisms and their interplay with intention.

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Rouse, Helen. "Perceptual processing in autism : an investigation of face processing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289694.

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Books on the topic "Face processing"

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Ellis, Hadyn D., Malcolm A. Jeeves, Freda Newcombe, and Andy Young, eds. Aspects of Face Processing. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4420-6.

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Hadyn, Ellis, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Aspects of face processing. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1986.

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1962-, Schwarzer Gudrun, and Leder Helmut, eds. The development of face processing. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber, 2003.

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Hole, Graham. Face processing: Psychological, neuropsychological, and applied perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Victoria, Bourne, ed. Face processing: Psychological, neuropsychological, and applied perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Wenyi, Zhao, and Chellappa Rama, eds. Face processing: Advanced modeling and methods. Amsterdam: Elsevier / Academic Press, 2006.

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1936-, Huang Thomas S., ed. 3D face processing: Modeling, analysis, and synthesis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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Hellbrück, Jürgen. Processing of Internal and External Features in Face Perception: Exploring the effects of orientation, viewpoint and exposure duration on the processing of different kinds of facial information. Saarbrücken, Germany: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften, 2009.

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Mark, Gawron Jean, and Norvig Peter, eds. Verbmobil: A translation system for face-to-face dialog. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1994.

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Office de coopération et d'information muséographiques (France), ed. Les musées face à l'édition multimédia. Dijon: OCIM, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Face processing"

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Ward, Tracey, Raphael Bernier, Cora Mukerji, Danielle Perszyk, James C. McPartland, Ellen Johnson, Susan Faja, et al. "Face-Processing Tests." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1227. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_100575.

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Viennet, Emmanuel, and Françoise Fogelman Soulié. "Connectionists Methods for Human Face Processing." In Face Recognition, 124–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72201-1_7.

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Frijda, N. H. "Facial Expression Processing." In Aspects of Face Processing, 319–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4420-6_34.

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Leder, Helmut, and Vicki Bruce. "Feature Processing from Upright and Inverted Faces." In Face Recognition, 547–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72201-1_34.

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Ravaut, Frédéric, and Georges Stamon. "Face Image Processing Supporting Epileptic Seizure Analysis." In Face Recognition, 610–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72201-1_40.

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Campbell, Christopher S., and Dominic W. Massaro. "Visible Speech Perception and Robustness in Face Processing." In Face Recognition, 391–401. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72201-1_20.

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Matsugu, Masakazu, Katsuhiko Mori, and Takashi Suzuki. "Face Recognition Using SVM Combined with CNN for Face Detection." In Neural Information Processing, 356–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30499-9_54.

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Gao, Chenhao, Bin Sheng, and Ruimin Shen. "Structure-Preserved Face Cartoonization." In Neural Information Processing, 622–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70090-8_63.

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Herpers, R., and G. Sommer. "An Attentive Processing Strategy for the Analysis of Facial Features." In Face Recognition, 457–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72201-1_26.

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Crawford, J. R., J. A. O. Besson, H. D. Ellis, D. M. Parker, E. A. Salzen, H. G. Gemmell, P. F. Sharp, D. J. Beavan, and F. W. Smith. "Facial Processing in the Dementias." In Aspects of Face Processing, 293–301. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4420-6_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Face processing"

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Prinosil, Jiri, and Ondrej Maly. "Detecting Faces With Face Masks." In 2021 44th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp52935.2021.9522677.

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Furuie, Ryo, Yuji Goda, and Lifeng Zhang. "Detecting Fake Face Input for Face Authentication by DCT with Compensating the Main Spindle Position of Face." In The 3rd IIAE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Image Processing 2015. The Institute of Industrial Application Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/icisip2015.032.

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Saxen, Frerk, Sebastian Handrich, Philipp Werner, Ehsan Othman, and Ayoub Al-Hamadi. "Detecting Arbitrarily Rotated Faces for Face Analysis." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803631.

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Turk, Matthew, and Alex Pentland. "Face Processing: Models For Recognition." In 1989 Symposium on Visual Communications, Image Processing, and Intelligent Robotics Systems, edited by David P. Casasent. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.969719.

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Xu, Xiang, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris. "FaRE: Open Source Face Recognition Performance Evaluation Package." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803411.

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Hormann, Stefan, Zhenxiang Cao, Martin Knoche, Fabian Herzog, and Gerhard Rigoll. "Face Aggregation Network For Video Face Recognition." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506037.

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De Marsico, Maria, Michele Nappi, and Daniel Riccio. "Face: face analysis for Commercial Entities." In 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2010.5650758.

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Edmunds, Taiamiti, and Alice Caplier. "Fake face detection based on radiometric distortions." In 2016 Sixth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2016.7820995.

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Yamada, Emi, Katsuya Ogata, Tomokazu Urakawa, and Shozo Tobimatsu. "An ERP study on species-specific face processing: Morphing human face into monkey face." In 2012 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering (CME). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccme.2012.6275698.

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Alshaikhli, Mays, Omar Elharrouss, Somaya Al-Maadeed, and Ahmed Bouridane. "Face-Fake-Net: The Deep Learning Method for Image Face Anti-Spoofing Detection : Paper ID 45." In 2021 9th European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/euvip50544.2021.9484023.

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Reports on the topic "Face processing"

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Brunelli, Roberto. Estimation of Pose and Illuminant Direction for Face Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada295655.

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Riesenhuber, Maximilian, Izzat Jarudi, Sharon Gilad, and Pawan Sinha. Face Processing in Humans is Compatible with a Simple Shape-Based Model of Vision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada459383.

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Bober, D. B. Local Crystallographic Orientation Correlation Measurements Connecting the Processing and Properties of Face-Centered Cubic Metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1583045.

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Falfushynska, Halina I., Bogdan B. Buyak, Hryhorii V. Tereshchuk, Grygoriy M. Torbin, and Mykhailo M. Kasianchuk. Strengthening of e-learning at the leading Ukrainian pedagogical universities in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4442.

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Distance education has become the mandatory component of higher education establishments all over the world including Ukraine regarding COVID-19 lockdown and intentions of Universities to render valuable knowledge and provide safe educational experience for students. The present study aimed to explore the student’s and academic staff’s attitude towards e-learning and the most complicated challenges regarding online learning and distance education. Our findings disclosed that the online learning using Zoom, Moodle, Google Meet, BigBlueButton and Cisco has become quite popular among the students and academic staff in Ukraine in time of the lockdown period and beyond. Based on the Principal Component Analysis data processing we can conclude that students’ satisfaction and positive e-learning perception are in a good correlation with quality of e-learning resources and set of apps which are used while e-learning and distance education. Also, education style, methods, and manner predict willingness of students to self-study. The self-motivation, time-management, lack of practice, digital alienation, positive attitude towards ICT, and instruction strategy belong to the most important challenges of COVID-19 lockdown based on the students and academic staff interviews. Online learning on daily purpose should be used in the favor of strengthening of classical higher education rather than replacing the former. Blended education is the best alternative to face-to-face education, because the communication with mentor in a live environmental even virtual should have ushered the learners to complete online learning and improve its results.

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Egbert, Herb. Next Generation of Data Processing Faces Challenge in Sensors, Instrumentation,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada323493.

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James A. Sorensen. ASSESSMENT OF SUBSURFACE FATE OF MONOETHANOLAMINE AT SOUR GAS PROCESSING PLANT SITES-PHASE III. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14722.

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Modlo, Yevhenii O., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Pavlo P. Nechypurenko, Stanislav L. Bondarevskyi, Olena M. Bondarevska, and Stanislav T. Tolmachev. The use of mobile Internet devices in the formation of ICT component of bachelors in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects. [б. в.], September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3264.

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Computer simulation of technical objects and processes is one of the components of the system of professional training of a modern electromechanics engineer. It has been established that despite the fact that mobile Internet devices (MID) are actively used by electrical engineers, the methods of using them in the process of bachelor in electromechanics training is considered only in some domestic scientific studies. The article highlights the components of the methods of using MID in the formation of the ICT component of the competence of the bachelor in electromechanics in modeling of technical objects, providing for students to acquire basic knowledge in the field of Computer Science and modern ICT and skills to use programming systems, math packages, subroutine libraries, and the like. For processing tabular data, it is proposed to use various freely distributed tools that do not significantly differ in functionality, such as Google Sheets, Microsoft Excel, for processing text data – QuickEdit Text Editor, Google Docs, Microsoft Word. For 3D-modeling and viewing the design and technological documentation, the proposed comprehensive use of Autodesk tools in the training process.

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Bigl, Matthew, Samuel Beal, and Charles Ramsey. Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from IMX-104 mortar rounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42163.

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The environmental fate and transport of energetic compounds on military training ranges are largely controlled by the particle characteristics of low-order detonations. This study demonstrated a method of command detonation, field sampling, laboratory processing, and analysis techniques for characterizing low-order detonation particles from 60 mm and 81 mm mortar rounds containing the insensitive munition formulation IMX-104. Particles deposited from three rounds of each caliber were comprehensively sampled and characterized for particle size, energetic purity, and morphology. The 60 mm rounds were command-detonated low order consistently (seven low-order detonations of seven tested rounds), with con-sumption efficiencies of 62%–80% (n = 3). The 81 mm rounds detonated low order inconsistently (three low-order detonations of ten tested rounds), possibly because the rounds were sourced from manufacturing test runs. These rounds had lower consumption efficiencies of 39%–64% (n = 3). Particle-size distributions showed significant variability between munition calibers, between rounds of the same caliber, and with distance from the detonation point. The study reviewed command-detonation configurations, particle transfer losses during sampling and particle-size analysis, and variations in the energetic purity of recovered particles. Overall, this study demonstrated the successful characterization of IMX-104 low-order detonation particles from command detonation to analysis.

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Anderson, Olin, and Gad Galili. Development of Assay Systems for Bioengineering Proteins that Affect Dough Quality and Wheat Utilization. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568781.bard.

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Abstract:

The quality and utilization of wheat is largely dependent upon the exact physical/chemical properties of the doughs made from flour/water mixtures. Among the wheat seed components most correlated with dough visoelastic parameters are the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits whose disulfide cross-linked macropolymer is critical for dough functionality. We have used the tools of molecular biology, wheat transformation, heterologous expression of HMW-glutenin subunits in bacteria, and dough micro-mixing experiments to examine some of the molecular basis of HMW-glutenin functionality. In addition, we have developed sets of modified and synthetic gene constructs and transgenic wheat lines that will allow further examination of the role of the HMW-glutenins. Among the results from this work is evidence that the HMW-glutenin repeat domain is directly related to dough properties, the demonstration that interaction between subunits is dependent upon domain presence but not order, a novel understanding of the restrictions on intra-vs inter-chain disulfide bonds, the demonstration that HMW-glutenin genes can be transformed into wheat for simultaneously high expression of the transgene and suppression of the endogenous genes, and the construction of a set of modified HMW-glutenins capable of being epitope tagged for studying polypeptide subcellular processing and the fate of HMW-glutenins in dough mixing experiments.

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Bryant, C. A., S. A. Wilks, and C. W. Keevil. Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of food and food packaging materials. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kww583.

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Abstract:

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in China in December 2019. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently responsible for 500 million reported cases and over 6.4 million deaths. A risk assessment published by the Foods Standards Agency (FSA) in 2020 (Opens in a new window) concluded that it was very unlikely that you could catch coronavirus via food. This assessment included the worst-case assumption that, if food became contaminated during production, no significant inactivation of virus would occur before consumption. However, the rate of inactivation of virus on products sold at various temperatures was identified as a key uncertainty, because if inactivation does occur more rapidly in some situations, then a lower risk may be more appropriate. This project was commissioned to measure the rate of inactivation of virus on the surface of various types of food and food packaging, reducing that uncertainty. The results will be used to consider whether the assumption currently made in the risk assessment remains appropriate for food kept at a range of temperatures, or whether a lower risk is more appropriate for some. We conducted a laboratory-based study, artificially contaminating infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the surfaces of foods and food packaging. We measured how the amount of infectious virus present on those surfaces declined over time, at a range of temperatures and relative humidity levels, reflecting typical storage conditions. We tested broccoli, peppers, apple, raspberry, cheddar cheese, sliced ham, olives, brine from the olives, white and brown bread crusts, croissants and pain au chocolat. The foods tested were selected as they are commonly sold loose on supermarket shelves or uncovered at deli counters or market stalls, they may be difficult to wash, and they are often consumed without any further processing i.e. cooking. The food packaging materials tested were polyethylene terephthalate (PET1) trays and bottles; aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons. These were selected as they are the most commonly used food packaging materials or consumption of the product may involve direct mouth contact with the packaging. Results showed that virus survival varied depending on the foods and food packaging examined. In several cases, infectious virus was detected for several hours and in some cases for several days, under some conditions tested. For a highly infectious agent such as SARS-CoV-2, which is thought to be transmissible by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face, this confirmation is significant. For most foods tested there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours. However, for cheddar cheese and sliced ham, stored in refrigerated conditions and a range of relative humidity, the virus levels remained high up to a week later, when the testing period was stopped. Both cheddar cheese and sliced ham have high moisture, protein and saturated fat content, possibly offering protection to the virus. When apples and olives were tested, the virus was inactivated to the limit of detection very quickly, within an hour, when the first time point was measured. We suggest that chemicals, such as flavonoids, present in the skin of apples and olives inactivate the virus. The rate of viral decrease was rapid, within a few hours, for croissants and pain au chocolat. These pastries are both coated with a liquid egg wash, which may have an inhibitory effect on the virus. Food packaging materials tested had variable virus survival. For all food packaging, there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours, in all relative humidity conditions and at both 6°C and 21°C; these included PET1 bottles and trays, aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons.

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