Academic literature on the topic 'Face perception in literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Face perception in literature"
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Rosa Salva, Orsola, Simona Normando, Antonio Mollo, and Lucia Regolin. "Novelty preference in face perception by week-old lambs (Ovis aries)." Interaction Studies 15, no. 1 (June 10, 2014): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.05ros.
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An extensive literature has been accumulating, in recent years, on face-processing in sheep and on the relevance of faces for social interaction in this species. In spite of this, spontaneous preferences for face or non-face stimuli in lambs have not been reported. In this study we tested the spontaneous preference of 8-day-old lambs (N = 9) for three pairs of stimuli. In each pair, one stimulus was a face-like display, whereas the other presented the same inner features displaced in unnatural positions. One pair of stimuli was obtained from photographic images of ewes’ faces, the other two pairs were schematic face-like stimuli. Lambs could differentiate the two stimuli obtained by photos of conspecifics, looking longer at the non-face stimulus (p < 0.05). We interpret this as a novelty preference, proving that few day-old lambs have already encoded the structural properties that define a face and recognize violations of those general properties.
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Gullberg, Marianne, and Kenneth Holmqvist. "Keeping an eye on gestures: Visual perception of gestures in face-to-face communication." Pragmatics and Cognition 7, no. 1 (1999): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.7.1.04gul.
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Since listeners usually look at the speaker's face, gestural information has to be absorbed through peripheral visual perception. In the literature, it has been suggested that listeners look at gestures under certain circumstances: 1) when the articulation of the gesture is peripheral; 2) when the speech channel is insufficient for comprehension; and 3) when the speaker him- or herself indicates that the gesture is worthy of attention. The research here reported employs eye tracking techniques to study the perception of gestures in face-to-face interaction. The improved control over the listener's visual channel allows us to test the validity of the above claims. We present preliminary findings substantiating claims 1 and 3, and relate them to theoretical proposals in the literature and to the issue of how visual and cognitive attention are related.
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Bhavika Pandita Hakhroo. "Challenges and Experiences of Students in the Virtual Classroom World: A Literature Review." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.2.23.
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The study aims to discuss the experience students face in the virtual classroom mode. The limitations and challenges which students face while enrolling in online modes to learning from MOOC Courses to Distance Learning. The community of the people undertaking online education has increased significantly in the past few years. The paper reviews the literature on the topic of online classes, asynchronous and synchronous modes of delivery, the perception of students in the virtual learning and the experiences and challenges faced.
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Atkinson, Anthony P., and Ralph Adolphs. "The neuropsychology of face perception: beyond simple dissociations and functional selectivity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1571 (June 12, 2011): 1726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0349.
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Face processing relies on a distributed, patchy network of cortical regions in the temporal and frontal lobes that respond disproportionately to face stimuli, other cortical regions that are not even primarily visual (such as somatosensory cortex), and subcortical structures such as the amygdala. Higher-level face perception abilities, such as judging identity, emotion and trustworthiness, appear to rely on an intact face-processing network that includes the occipital face area (OFA), whereas lower-level face categorization abilities, such as discriminating faces from objects, can be achieved without OFA, perhaps via the direct connections to the fusiform face area (FFA) from several extrastriate cortical areas. Some lesion, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings argue against a strict feed-forward hierarchical model of face perception, in which the OFA is the principal and common source of input for other visual and non-visual cortical regions involved in face perception, including the FFA, face-selective superior temporal sulcus and somatosensory cortex. Instead, these findings point to a more interactive model in which higher-level face perception abilities depend on the interplay between several functionally and anatomically distinct neural regions. Furthermore, the nature of these interactions may depend on the particular demands of the task. We review the lesion and TMS literature on this topic and highlight the dynamic and distributed nature of face processing.
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Kanwisher, Nancy, and Galit Yovel. "The fusiform face area: a cortical region specialized for the perception of faces." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1476 (November 8, 2006): 2109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1934.
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Faces are among the most important visual stimuli we perceive, informing us not only about a person's identity, but also about their mood, sex, age and direction of gaze. The ability to extract this information within a fraction of a second of viewing a face is important for normal social interactions and has probably played a critical role in the survival of our primate ancestors. Considerable evidence from behavioural, neuropsychological and neurophysiological investigations supports the hypothesis that humans have specialized cognitive and neural mechanisms dedicated to the perception of faces (the face-specificity hypothesis). Here, we review the literature on a region of the human brain that appears to play a key role in face perception, known as the fusiform face area (FFA). Section 1 outlines the theoretical background for much of this work. The face-specificity hypothesis falls squarely on one side of a longstanding debate in the fields of cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience concerning the extent to which the mind/brain is composed of: (i) special-purpose (‘domain-specific’) mechanisms, each dedicated to processing a specific kind of information (e.g. faces, according to the face-specificity hypothesis), versus (ii) general-purpose (‘domain-general’) mechanisms, each capable of operating on any kind of information. Face perception has long served both as one of the prime candidates of a domain-specific process and as a key target for attack by proponents of domain-general theories of brain and mind. Section 2 briefly reviews the prior literature on face perception from behaviour and neurophysiology. This work supports the face-specificity hypothesis and argues against its domain-general alternatives (the individuation hypothesis, the expertise hypothesis and others). Section 3 outlines the more recent evidence on this debate from brain imaging, focusing particularly on the FFA. We review the evidence that the FFA is selectively engaged in face perception, by addressing (and rebutting) five of the most widely discussed alternatives to this hypothesis. In §4 , we consider recent findings that are beginning to provide clues into the computations conducted in the FFA and the nature of the representations the FFA extracts from faces. We argue that the FFA is engaged both in detecting faces and in extracting the necessary perceptual information to recognize them, and that the properties of the FFA mirror previously identified behavioural signatures of face-specific processing (e.g. the face-inversion effect). Section 5 asks how the computations and representations in the FFA differ from those occurring in other nearby regions of cortex that respond strongly to faces and objects. The evidence indicates clear functional dissociations between these regions, demonstrating that the FFA shows not only functional specificity but also area specificity. We end by speculating in §6 on some of the broader questions raised by current research on the FFA, including the developmental origins of this region and the question of whether faces are unique versus whether similarly specialized mechanisms also exist for other domains of high-level perception and cognition.
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Ritchie, Kay. "Biases in face perception: Evidence from face matching tasks with own and other races, ages and species." Cognitive Psychology Bulletin 1, no. 9 (January 30, 2024): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscog.2024.1.9.24.
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We know from the literature that we are better at remembering people from our own groups (own ethnic heritage, age, social groups etc). This article outlines three experiments looking at biases in face matching tasks – tasks which do not require memory. We tested people with faces from their own and other ethnic heritage, age, and species and did not find coherent evidence for own group biases in face matching.
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Akram, Umair, Rachel Sharman, and Amy Newman. "Altered Perception of Facially Expressed Tiredness in Insomnia." Perception 47, no. 1 (August 11, 2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617725241.
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The present study compared normal sleepers and individuals displaying insomnia symptoms in their ratings for the expression intensity of tiredness and alertness whilst observing tired and neutral faces. Fifty-six normal sleepers and 58 individuals with insomnia symptoms observed 98 facial photographs (49 neutral, 49 tired). Using a visual analogue scale, participants were required to rate the extent to which each face appeared as tired and alert. Tired faces were created by manipulating neutral photographs to include previously identified facial tiredness cues. All participants rated sleep-related faces as more tired and less alert relative to neutral photographs. A significant Group × Face × Rating interaction demonstrated that, compared with normal sleepers, the insomnia symptoms group showed lower ratings for the expression of tiredness, but not alertness, whilst observing the tired faces. The findings suggest that the presence of insomnia symptoms is associated with reduced ratings of expression intensity for sleep-related facial photographs displaying tiredness. These outcomes add to the body of literature on how facial cues of tiredness are perceived by those with insomnia symptoms. Further work is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between insomnia symptoms and reduced perceptions of facially expressed tiredness.
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B.M.P., Somaratna. "LEARNING MODE: FACE TO FACE VS ONLINE; PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS IN SRI LANKA." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 8, no. 6 (October 1, 2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v08i06.002.
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Sri Lanka has always been a country with a comparatively high literacy rate. The Government of Sri Lanka has always made a great effort to provide high quality education at all levels to its citizens. However, compared to other developed countries of the world the mode of education delivery remained unchanged until recently. It continued to be the age-old face-to-face method. The Covid 19 pandemic made it difficult for students to attend schools. So, the face-to-face mode of education delivery had to change. This pushed the country towards the online mode of education delivery. However, it faces several challenges, and its success depends on a number of factors. This study aims to analyse perceptions of students studying in Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in Sri Lanka on Online Learning Vs Face-to-Face Learning. Data for this study was randomly collected from 500 numbers of current students at Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in the Western Province, Sri Lanka. A questionnaire was administered. The questions were categorized according to the conceptual framework developed based on the literature review. The data was analysed using computer-based software packages. The results of this study can be helpful to Sri Lankan Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in choosing the mode of delivery of their courses/programmes.
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Said, Christopher P., James V. Haxby, and Alexander Todorov. "Brain systems for assessing the affective value of faces." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1571 (June 12, 2011): 1660–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0351.
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Cognitive neuroscience research on facial expression recognition and face evaluation has proliferated over the past 15 years. Nevertheless, large questions remain unanswered. In this overview, we discuss the current understanding in the field, and describe what is known and what remains unknown. In §2, we describe three types of behavioural evidence that the perception of traits in neutral faces is related to the perception of facial expressions, and may rely on the same mechanisms. In §3, we discuss cortical systems for the perception of facial expressions, and argue for a partial segregation of function in the superior temporal sulcus and the fusiform gyrus. In §4, we describe the current understanding of how the brain responds to emotionally neutral faces. To resolve some of the inconsistencies in the literature, we perform a large group analysis across three different studies, and argue that one parsimonious explanation of prior findings is that faces are coded in terms of their typicality. In §5, we discuss how these two lines of research—perception of emotional expressions and face evaluation—could be integrated into a common, cognitive neuroscience framework.
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Kim, Geun Myun, Soo Jung Chang, and Jeong Ah Kim. "Types of perception toward non-face-to-face clinical practice among nursing students." Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 29, no. 3 (August 31, 2023): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2023.29.3.247.
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Purpose: This study aimed to identify the types of perception toward non-face-to-face clinical practice and to characterize the types of students who experienced online clinical practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: Q-methodology was used in this study, and 270 Q populations were formed based on in-depth interviews with 10 nursing students who had experienced non-face-to-face clinical practice, as well as related literature. Interviews were performed from August 1 to 31, 2022. A total of 42 Q samples were extracted, and Q sorting was performed on 33 nursing students who had experienced non-face-to-face clinical practice. A Q factor analysis was performed using the PC-QUANL program.Results: The nursing students’ perceptions of non-face-to-face clinical practice were classified into the following five types: “future professional competency-focused type,” “realistic convenience priority type,” “task burden awareness type,” “negative critic type,” and “limited experience dissatisfaction type.”Conclusion: This study revealed non-face-to-face clinical practice’s positive and negative aspects in nursing education. Moreover, it identified the aspects of clinical practice that cannot be replaced by non-face-to-face clinical practice and the elements of non-face-to-face practice that can complement clinical practice. These findings can be used as fundamental data to establish a stable and efficient system for improving the quality of clinical practice in the post-COVID-19 era and to implement effective non-face-to-face clinical practice according to student types.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Face perception in literature"
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Augais, Thomas. "Trait pour trait : Alberto Giacometti et les écrivains par voltes et faces d’ateliers." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20064/document.
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L’œuvre d’Alberto Giacometti a posé avec acuité le problème de la représentation. Dès 1929, un article de Michel Leiris appelle sa mise en question de la « figure humaine » à venir dialoguer dans l’espace de la revue Documents avec une pensée dialectique de l’image, celle de Georges Bataille. Il rejoint ensuite le groupe surréaliste en abandonnant pour un temps la représentation figurative au profit du « modèle intérieur » prôné par André Breton. Son retour au modèle extérieur contredit le sens de l’histoire de l’art pour Breton et lui vaut d’être exclu du groupe surréaliste. Pourtant Giacometti dans ce retour au réel n’abandonne pas le pôle subjectif, il choisit au contraire de l’assumer dans ses plus extrêmes conséquences, en refusant dans sa représentation de l’objet d’être plus précis que la perception. Son œuvre suscite alors après-guerre l’attention des philosophes car elle rencontre les recherches de la phénoménologie. Mais elle attire surtout l’attention de nombreux écrivains à mesure que l’impossibilité d’atteindre son but, faire une « tête vivante », conduit Giacometti à faire de son art une méditation sur le sens de la représentation de la réalité en art. Admettant le caractère inéluctable de l’échec auquel est confronté celui qui veut saisir le réel, il choisit d’approfondir le « pourquoi » de cet échec. Son œuvre devient alors le lieu d’une critique acérée du langage, perçue comme le meilleur moyen d’affronter l’écart entre les signes (plastiques ou langagiers) et les objets du réel. Les écrivains tentent de mesurer les conséquences poétiques de cette approche du réel qui envisage l’art comme un moyen de se rendre compte de ce que nous voyonsAt the core of Alberto Giacometti’s works lies the problem of representation, ie. the fact that signs mean more that what they are. As soon as 1929, Michel Leiris confronted Giacometti’s challenge of the « human figure » with Georges Bataille’s dialectic approach of images in the journal Documents. The former then joined the surrealists and temporarily left figurative representation for « the interior model » advocated by André Breton. His return to the exterior model went against the course of art history according to Breton, and led to his exclusion from the surrealist group. Although he had come back to reality, Giacometti did not discard subjectivity. On the contrary, he chose to stay true to its most extreme consequences and refused to represent objects more acutely than the senses could. His work then attracted the attention of post-war philosophers like Sartre, as it intersected with their research on phenomenology. It also attracted the attention of a number of writers (Char, Ponge, Tardieu, Bonnefoy, Dupin and du Bouchet) when his failure to reach his goal, the creation of a « living head », gradually led his artworks to question the worth of representing reality in art. While admitting to the inevitable failure awaiting any artist trying to grasp reality, Giacometti chose to explore the reasons of that failure. This is how his artworks grew to express a sharp criticism of language, which he saw as the best way to bridge the gap between signs (both plastic and linguistic) and the objects constituting reality. Writers have tried to measure the poetic consequences of Giacometti’s approach to reality, which envisions art as a means to realize what we see
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Conway, Claire Anne. "Integrating cues in face perception." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495029.
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While previous studies of face perception have focused mainly on the understanding of the processing of individual face cues, such as gaze direction, emotional expressions or physical attractiveness, some more recent studies suggest that these different cues are integrated in face processing. The findings from the first four experimental Chapters in this thesis present further evidence for complex interactions among different invariant physical cues and changeable social cues when processing faces. Importantly, these studies also demonstrate sources of systematic variation that modulate the manner in which this integration occurs (e.g., effects of changes in women’s progesterone levels, or differences among individuals high and low in anxiety). The final experiment Chapter reports a series of experiments showing that rapid transient pupil constrictions to faces are sensitive to parameters such as the species and orientation of face. These latter findings reveal transient pupil constrictions as a useful non-invasive and involuntary measure of face processing. Collectively, the findings reported in this thesis demonstrate that cues to the direction and valence of others’ social interest, in addition to physical cues to attractiveness, are integrated when processing faces, highlighting the complexity and sophistication of the integrative processes that underpin face perception.
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BOSSI, FRANCESCO. "Investigating face and body perception." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199061.
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I volti e i corpi veicolano gli indizi non-verbali più importanti per le interazioni sociali. Essi forniscono numerosi dettagli essenziali per il riconoscimento dell’identità, genere, intenzioni e stato emotivo. Tutti i volti e i corpi sono simmetrici e condividono la medesima struttura tridimensionale, ma gli esseri umani riescono ad identificare facilmente centinaia di persone diverse, facendo affidamento solo sulle informazioni fornite da volto e corpo. L’elaborazione del volto e del corpo è stata ampiamente studiata e diversi modelli cogntivi e neuroanatomici sono stati ideati per spiegare questi processi. Nonostante numerose differenze sostanziali, tutti questi modelli hanno riconosciuto diversi stadi di elaborazione, dalla codifica dello stimolo rapida e più grezza (corteccia visiva occipitale) fino a processi di livello più alto, finalizzati al riconoscimento di aspetti invarianti (es., identità) e mutevoli (es., sguardo, espressioni emotive) (sottesi da un vasto network fronto-temporo-parietale). È stato dimostrato che questi processi coinvolgono l’elaborazione configurale degli stimoli. Inoltre, le espressioni emotive sembrano influenzare la codifica di questi stimoli. Le espressioni emotive vengono elaborate ad uno stadio molto precoce e pare che coinvolgano l’attivazione di una via sottocorticale. Gli studi presentati in questa tesi hanno l’obiettivo di indagare la percezione visiva di volti e corpi, e come essa può essere modulata o manipolata, in alcuni studi anche attraverso l’elettroencefalografia (EEG).
Mentre il primo Capitolo presenta il quadro teorico in cui è stato concepito questo lavoro di tesi, il secondo Capitolo presenta il primo studio (composto da due esperimenti), che ha l’obiettivo di indagare come può essere modulata la percezione di indizi sociali attraverso l’esclusione sociale. La ricerca era concentrata sulla percezione di due categorie di indizi facciali diversi, ma in interazione: le espressioni emotive e la direzione dello sguardo. In questo studio, abbiamo trovato che il riconoscimento della direzione dello sguardo veniva indebolita in modo specifico, mentre il riconoscimento delle espressioni emotive non era compromesso. I risultati di questo studio hanno portato a riflessioni importanti sull’importanza dello sguardo in quanto segnale di potenziale re-inclusione, e su come l’indebolimento dell’elaborazione dello sguardo potesse portare nuovamente all’esclusione sociale. Il terzo Capitolo presenta una meta-analisi sul body-inversion effect, una manipolazione che ha lo scopo di dimostrare l’elaborazione configurale dei corpi. Con la meta-analisi è stata indagata la coerenza e la dimensione di questo effetto, fondamentale nello studio della codifica strutturale dei corpi. Nel quarto capitolo, viene presentato uno studio sulle oscillazioni neurali coinvolte negli effetti di face- e body-inversion. Le oscillazioni sono state misurate nelle bande di attività theta e gamma attraverso l’EEG, dal momento che rappresentano un mezzo notevole per indagare l’attività psicofsiologica coinvolta in diversi processi. I risultati di questo studio hanno mostrato che l’elaborazione configurale di volti e corpi coinvolge meccanismi percettivi diversi. Nel quinto Capitolo viene presentato uno studio che indaga l’influenza dell’inversione e delle espressioni emotive nella codifica di volti e corpi. I correlati neurali di questi processi sono stati indagati attraverso i potenziali evento-correlati (ERPs). I risultati hanno evidenziato che sia l’inversione che l’espressione emotiva influenzavano l’elaborazione di questi stimoli, durante diversi stadi e attraverso diversi processi, ma queste due manipolazioni non interagivano. Pertanto, sembra che le informazioni configurali e le espressioni emotive siano elaborate attraverso processi percettivi indipendenti e che non interagiscono.Human face and body convey the most important non-verbal cues for social interactions. Face and body provide numerous cues essential for recognition of other people’s identity, gender, age, intentions and emotional state. All faces and bodies are symmetrical and share a common 3D structure, but humans are able to easily identify hundreds of different people, just relying on facial and bodily information. Face and body processing have been widely studied and several cognitive and neuroanatomical models of these processes were hypothesized. Despite many critical differences, all these models recognized different stages of processing from early coarse stimulus encoding (occipital visual cortices) to higher-level processes aimed to identify invariant (e.g., identity) and changeable features (e.g., gaze, emotional expressions) (broad fronto-temporo-parietal network). It was demonstrated that these processes involve configural processing. Moreover, emotional expressions seem to influence the encoding of these stimuli. Processing of emotional expressions occurs at very early latencies and seems to involve the activation of a subcortical pathway. The studies presented in this thesis are aimed to investigate the visual perception of faces and bodies, and how it can be modulated or manipulated. EEG was used in some of the studies presented in this thesis to investigate the psychophysiological processes involved in face and body perception. While the first Chapter is aimed to present the theoretical background of the studies reported in the thesis, the second Chapter presents the first study (composed of two experiments), aimed to investigate how the perception of social cues can be modulated by social exclusion. The process investigated is the perception of two different, but interacting, facial cues: emotional expression and gaze direction. In this study, we found that the identification of gaze direction was specifically impaired by social exclusion, while no impairment was found for emotional expression recognition. The results of this study brought important insights concerning the relevance of gaze as a signal of potential re-inclusion, and how the impaired processing of gaze direction may reiterate social exclusion. The third Chapter presents a meta-analytic review on the body inversion effect, a manipulation aimed to demonstrate configural processing of bodies. This meta-analysis was aimed to investigate consistency and size of this effect, fundamental in studying structural encoding of body shapes. In the fourth Chapter, a study on the neural oscillations involved in face and body inversion effects is presented. Neural oscillations in theta and gamma bands were measured by means of the EEG since they are a very influential measure to investigate the psychophysiological activity involved in different processes. The results of this study showed that configural processing of faces and bodies involve different perceptual mechanisms. In the fifth Chapter, a study investigating the influence of inversion and emotional expression on the visual encoding of faces and bodies is presented. The neural correlates of these processes were investigated by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Both inversion and emotional expressions were shown to influence the processing of these stimuli, during different stages and through different perceptual mechanisms, but results revealed that these two manipulations were not interacting. Therefore, configural information and emotional expressions seem to be processed through independent and non-interacting perceptual processes.
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Ng, Minna. "Selectivity of face processing mechanisms." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3263467.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 2, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sanders, Jet G. "Face perception and hyper-realistic masks." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22393/.
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Previous research has shown that deliberate disguise deteriorates human and automatic face recognition, with consequences for person identification in criminal situations. Common forms of deliberate disguise (e.g. balaclavas or hoodies) are easy to detect. When such disguises are used, viewer can distinguish between an unmasked individual - whose identity they knowingly can observe from facial appearance - and a masked individual - whose identity they knowingly cannot. Hyper-realistic silicone masks change this. Their recent use in criminal settings suggests that they effectively disguise identity and are difficult to detect. In this thesis, I first show that viewers are strikingly poor at distinguishing hyper-realistic masks from real faces under live and photographic test conditions, and are worse in other-race conditions. I also show large individual differences in discriminating realistic masks from real faces (5%-100% accuracy), and use an image analysis to isolate information that high performers use for effective categorisation. The analysis reveals an informative region directly below the eyes, which is used by high performers but not low performers. These findings point to selection and training as routes to improved mask detection. Second, I examine the reliability of estimates made of the person beneath the mask. Demographic profiling and social character estimates are poor, and results show that recognition rates were only just above chance, even for familiar viewers. This analysis highlights a systematic bias in these estimates: demographics, traits and social characteristics of the mask were attributed to those of the wearer. This bias has theoretical and applied consequences. First, it supports the automaticity with which viewers use a face to judge a person, even when they know the face is not that of the person. Second, it suggests that predictions of the person underneath the mask, by familiar and unfamiliar viewers alike, should be treated with great caution.
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Bilson, Amy Jo. "Image size and resolution in face recognition /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9166.
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Fific, Mario. "Emerging holistic properties at face value assessing characteristics of face perception /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3204530.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychology, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0570. Adviser: James Townsend. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 22, 2007)."
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Neth, Donald C. "Facial configuration and the perception of facial expression." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189090729.
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Russell, Richard (Richard P. ). "The role of pigmentation in face perception." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33734.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2005.Includes bibliographical references.
Faces each have distinct pigmentation as well as shape, which suggests that both cues may play a role in the perception of faces. However, there is a common implicit assumption that pigmentation cues are relatively unimportant, and so the role pigmentation plays in face perception has gone largely unexplored. This thesis is a systematic investigation of the role of pigmentation in face recognition, facial sex classification, and facial attractiveness. The present studies present evidence that pigmentation cues are in fact quite important for face perception. For face recognition, pigmentation cues are about as important as shape cues. Male and female faces differ consistently in their pigmentation, with female faces having more luminance contrast between the eyes and lips and the rest of the face than do male faces. This sex difference in pigmentation is used as a cue for judgments of facial sex classification and facial attractiveness. Together, these results implicate an important role for pigmentation, and open new avenues of research in the perception of faces.
by Richard Russell.
Ph.D.
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Holzleitner, Iris J. "Linking 3D face shape to social perception." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11970.
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Advances in computer graphic and statistical methods have made it possible to visualise global face shape correlates of social judgments. The current thesis used a data-driven approach to investigate face shape correlates and perception of two traits, masculinity and strength, both of which are important in mate choice and social perception more generally. The studies presented defined the influences of body physique (height, body mass index, body fat and muscle mass) on facial shape, and their effects on the perception of masculinity, attractiveness and strength. Study 1 investigated the face shape correlates of actual and perceived masculinity. I found that perceived masculinity is not only driven by sexually dimorphic shape, but also by cues to body height and weight. Men with taller and heavier bodies were perceived to have more masculine-looking faces. Study 2 investigated women's perception of male attractiveness as a function of masculine face shape. As previously assumed but not explicitly tested, I found that masculinity preferences followed a quadratic relationship: attractiveness increased with increasing masculinity levels, but dropped o. at higher levels of masculinity. In addition, I showed that the relative costs and benefits of high and low masculinity are affected by individual differences in own condition, perceived financial harshness and pathogen disgust. In Study 3, I found that perception of strength from faces is driven by facial cues to body physique; individuals with higher body bulk were perceived to be stronger. In men, it proved possible to further dissociate facial cues to muscle and fat mass which both contributed to strength perception. The thesis demonstrates that facial cues used in the evaluation of masculinity and strength are linked to bodily characteristics associated with sex differences and actual strength, namely height, weight, muscularity and adiposity. My findings therefore support the hypothesis that perceptions have an adaptive origin.
Books on the topic "Face perception in literature"
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Ken, Kreisler, ed. Faces. New York: Macmillan, 1994.
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SAMi. Big little. Maplewood, N.J: Blue Apple Books, 2007.
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Curham, Siobhan. True face: Be real. be fearless. be you! London: Faber & Faber, Incorporated, 2015.
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Aix-Marseille Université. Institut d'études avancées, ed. La construction de la personne dans le fait historique: XVIe-XVIIIe siècles. Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires de Provence, 2019.
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W, Young Andrew, ed. Face perception. London: Psychology Press, 2012.
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1928-, Kattan Naïm, ed. Visages d'humanité. Montreal: Liber, 2004.
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Gertz, Sunhee Kim. Visual power and fame in René d'Anjou, Geoffrey Chaucer, and the Black Prince. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
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Vicki, Bruce, ed. Face recognition. Hove, U.K: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1991.
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Susan, Davies. Face perception in autistic children. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1994.
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1962-, Schwarzer Gudrun, and Leder Helmut, eds. The development of face processing. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Face perception in literature"
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Sommer, Werner, Andrea Hildebrandt, and Annekathrin Schacht. "Face Perception." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 2109–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_975.
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Sommer, Werner, Andrea Hildebrandt, and Annekathrin Schacht. "Face Perception." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_975-2.
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Ward, Tracey, Raphael Bernier, Cora Mukerji, Danielle Perszyk, James C. McPartland, Ellen Johnson, Susan Faja, et al. "Face Perception." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1215–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_728.
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Richler, Jennifer, and Isabel Gauthier. "Face Perception." In Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience, 213–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3846-5_11.
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Ward, Tracey, and Raphael Bernier. "Face Perception." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1937–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_728.
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Sommer, Werner, Andrea Hildebrandt, and Annekathrin Schacht. "Face Perception." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 2323–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_975.
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Young, Andy, and Vicki Bruce. "The face." In Face Perception, 4–45. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003279426-2.
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Young, Andy, and Vicki Bruce. "When faces are not recognised." In Face Perception, 276–96. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003279426-8.
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Young, Andy, and Vicki Bruce. "Messages from facial movements." In Face Perception, 138–89. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003279426-5.
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Young, Andy, and Vicki Bruce. "The science and methods of face perception research." In Face Perception, 46–92. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003279426-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Face perception in literature"
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Okudan, Gu¨l E., and Susan Mohammed. "An Investigation on the Students’ Perception of Dissection Effectiveness in a Redesign Context." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50125.
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Disassemble/Analyze/Assemble (DAA) activities involve the disassembly, analysis, and assembly of an artifact. Such activities are frequently made a part of the undergraduate engineering curricula in the United States (and elsewhere) as they provide useful ‘hands-on’ active learning components that can be easily integrated into various courses. DAA activities are central to product dissection and reverse engineering, terms which have been used interchangeably in the engineering design education literature and course titles. In some cases these activities are coupled with redesign activities, paving the way for a good context and providing a background for a meaningful engineering design. Despite this fact, however, based on our review of the literature it is not clear how do these DAA activities help with the redesign activity, if at all. Accordingly, in this paper we present results of our data collection that aimed at uncovering students’ perception regarding if DAA activities help with redesign (e.g., is it easier to redesign after dissection?). Overall, students had positive perceptions toward dissection, specifically with regards to its impact on redesign. We also report on the relation of student perceptions to design task, team functioning, and tolerance for ambiguity.
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Lošonc, Alpar, Andrea Ivanišević, and Ivana Katić. "Economic discourse and visual configuration." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p53.
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Economic discourse has always used different visual modes of shaping perception. For example, characteristic classical image in economic discourse is the "invisible hand". In doing so, economic discourse reaches for, concerning of its metaphors, for resources in physics, but also in literature. If big part of the visual figures of economic discourse (equilibrium, e.g.) was borrowed from physics in the twentieth century, mathematics is a significant, even dominant source of the formation of visual perception, based on different schemes, graphs and geometric figures. In this paper, we show the configuration dynamics of visual perceptions in economic discourse, starting from the fact that visualization of economic discourse has the following functions: a) demonstration of certain knowledge, b) the realization of a performative visual effect, that is the creation of certain forms of visibility, c) persuasion of the public regarding the fact that economic discourse has cognitive authority.
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Krotova, D., and Deng Xi. "M. SHISHKIN’S NOVEL «THE LETTER BOOK»: ARTISTIC MODELS OF LIFE PERCEPTION." In VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3693.rus_lit_20-21/52-59.
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The article discloses and reveals two ontologically opposite models of life perception, embodied in M. Shishkin’s novel «The Letter Book»: a life paradigm based on a sense of peace, and a worldview model of crisis. At the same time, in the fate trajectory of one character two contrasting ways of perceiving of being can be combined, replace each other at different stages. The essence of the state of peace boils down to non-resistance, reconciliation with oneself and others, to harmony and, as a result, to self-realization. The crisis perception of life is embodied mainly in the military episodes of the narrative: the war, with its senselessness, cruelty and hopelessness, is comprehended by Shishkin as a monstrous violation of existential laws. The article reveals an understanding of life as a stream of subjective impressions, among which a special place is given to the visual, auditory and tactile. The range of problems and style features of the novel are considered in the context of the new-modern literary trend.
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Silveira, Letícia Andrade, Beatriz Santos da Paz, Thamara Rafaella Costa de Jesus, and Marcus de Souza Alves. "THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE AS INTEGRATIVE, COMPLEMENTARY PRACTICE ON PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSTIC: A LITERATURE REVIEW." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2022. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s2058.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical exercise as an alternative to integrative and complementary practices and its importance in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: This is a literature review that was carried out in the PubMed and SciELO databases, in which the articles were searched using the following terms: breast cancer, physical exercise, quality of life, and nonpharmacological treatment, selected between the period of 2017 and 2022. The types of study selected for research were experimental and observational. Results: A study carried out with 28 patients was divided into an experimental group (combined and hospital treatment) and a control group (hospital treatment), where it was concluded that the combined treatment (aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercise) led to an increase in the frequency of physical activity. Physical exercise in patients with breast cancer provides better cardiorespiratory and joint control. In another study that was carried out with 10 women who survived breast cancer, for 4 months, with the practice of combined physical exercises, it was evidenced that remotely supervised non-face-to-face aerobic and resistance exercises can help maintain the level of fatigue positively. These results corroborate the perception of professionals from the Family Health Strategy, who observed the positive effects of complementary integrative practices (PICS) through the suffering and fragility in the treatment of women with breast cancer, acting on an emotional and spiritual improvement for them, which makes these practices relevant adjunct to conventional treatment in primary care. Conclusion: Physical exercise as an integrative practice can improve asthenia, assist in cardiorespiratory and joint control, and aid in the management of fatigue. Therefore, PICS provides emotional, physical, and spiritual benefits for patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Wang, Bin, Guojun Qi, Sheng Tang, Tianzhu Zhang, Yunchao Wei, Linghui Li, and Yongdong Zhang. "Boundary Perception Guidance: A Scribble-Supervised Semantic Segmentation Approach." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/508.
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Semantic segmentation suffers from the fact that densely annotated masks are expensive to obtain. To tackle this problem, we aim at learning to segment by only leveraging scribbles that are much easier to collect for supervision. To fully explore the limited pixel-level annotations from scribbles, we present a novel Boundary Perception Guidance (BPG) approach, which consists of two basic components, i.e., prediction refinement and boundary regression. Specifically, the prediction refinement progressively makes a better segmentation by adopting an iterative upsampling and a semantic feature enhancement strategy. In the boundary regression, we employ class-agnostic edge maps for supervision to effectively guide the segmentation network in localizing the boundaries between different semantic regions, leading to producing finer-grained representation of feature maps for semantic segmentation. The experiment results on the PASCAL VOC 2012 demonstrate the proposed BPG achieves mIoU of 73.2% without fully connected Conditional Random Field (CRF) and 76.0% with CRF, setting up the new state-of-the-art in literature.
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Caprioara, Daniela, and Virgil Frunza. "A PERSPECTIVE OF STUDENTS ON FEEDBACK IN ONLINE EDUCATION." In eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-015.
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Feedback is undoubtedly a very important element in the general structure of the training and learning process, the peremptory proof of importance being the principle of feedback or reverse connection, listed in the current pedagogical or didactic literature. Efficient use of feedback in teaching-learning activity is conditioned by a series of variables, among which are found the elements of specificity, the functions of feedback, its forms and, last but not least, the concrete means by which it can be achieved. The pandemic context generates the problem of a paradigm shift in terms of feedback management, a rethinking and a repositioning of it in the general configuration of the training and learning process. In other words, they need to be reviewed. The main question that formed the basis of this study is: What is the students' perception of the feedback, both in terms of personal experience, but also that of the training specialist for the teaching profession? To formulate an answer to this question, a questionnaire was applied to a group of 80 students from the Pedagogy of Primary and Preschool Education program. Years 2 and 3 were selected, for two reasons: on the one hand, to have a psycho-pedagogical knowledge base that would allow them to formulate pertinent opinions and, on the other hand, to have a comparative reference, having in view that they have completed at least one semester of university studies in face-to-face education. The results show that students' perceptions of feedback in online education are relatively different.
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Dharmadasa, K. H. K., U. Kulatunga, M. Thayaparan, and K. P. Keraminiyage. "Review on the importance of capacity building for enhancing disaster resilience through the effective utilisation of resources." In World Construction Symposium - 2023. Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.74.
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Considering the increase in catastrophic events, resilience is now a widely accepted concept. Building resilience among the physical structures, infrastructure, and communities has become a necessity to improve the capacity to face future disasters. Effective utilisation of resources is one of the possible ways of building capacity within communities with the perception of enhancing resilience to future disasters. Therefore, identifying the correlation between resilience, capacity building, and resource utilisation is highly important to face future calamities. The resources required for enhancing disaster resilience vary depending on the type of disaster and the area affected by the disaster. Hence, resource constraints have been acknowledged as a factor in the ongoing failure of numerous recovery efforts. As such, capacity must be developed by utilising the resources effectively to address the deficiencies in resilience levels. Thus, a narrative literature review was carried out to establish the resource requirement in terms of capacity building to form disaster resilience. As the outcome of this comprehensive review, a conceptual framework was developed to support future decision-making processes with regard to disaster resilience. As per the findings, resource requirements exist in different forms such as infrastructure, institutional, economic, social, and environmental, and addressing them collectively, one after the other will enhance the resilience to future disasters in a considerable manner.
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Bozhinovska Lazarevska, Zorica, Marina Trpeska, Atanasko Atanasovski, and Ivan Dionisijev. "AUDIT PROFESSION IN THE SHADOW OF THE COVID -19 - A PERCEPTION OF AUDITORS IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0006.
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The virtual practice has posed serious challenges and opened many dilemmas for the auditors. How to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in the absence of communication with the client, to assess the risks of material misstatement, to recognize the symptoms of fraud, to check subsequent events, to assess the ability for ‘going concern’, to exercise the required level of professional skepticism, and how to write an audit report in which the auditor will offer a reasonable assurance to users of the opinion expressed. Health experts warn that even in the postCOVID-19 period, the social distance will be an integral part of our lives. In that regard, IFAC also points out the need to prepare auditors for work in the so-called "the new normal". The paper researches how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the audit profession in the Republic of North Macedonia. For that purpose, our research is based on a survey distributed to the certified auditors, members of IORRM (Institute of Certified Auditors of the Republic of North Macedonia). From the questions asked, we have concluded whether and how much the pandemic has changed the approach of auditors in conducting audit engagements, how auditors have managed to amortize the initial shock, whether they have prepared a strategy for virtual practice in the environment of the so-called "new normal" and what are the biggest challenges they expect to face in the post-COVID world. In general, it can be concluded that all challenges posed by the pandemic will be more easily overcome by joint and smart action of certified auditors and related associations and regulatory bodies, in order to find alternative ways of acting in a radically changed environment under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to analyzing data obtained from the survey, documents related to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide are used, as well as other literature and scientific papers on how the audit profession responds to the COVID crisis.
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Mas-Machuca, Marta, Alicia Jordan, and Cristina Tresserres. "Implementation of Game-based Learning in Higher Education: an example in HR Management." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9369.
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The benefits of game-based learning (GBL) are well justified in literature, but there are no abundant studies to its applications in different disciplines in Higher Education (HE). This method proposes a problem scenario within a play framework adding the elements of competition and chance. The main aim of this research is to describe and analyse the successful implementation of an application of a game-based learning in the subject of Human Resource Management (HRM) during the academic year 2018/2019. Students have had to face the resolution of a challenge in the field of HR proposed by a social enterprise. The activity, proposed as a competition, details also the student’s perception by focus groups and surveys. The feedback collected shows that students positively assessed the new methodology and practical approach. The possibility of dealing with real organization’s problems increments the student’s motivation to learn. They consider that they have been able to acquire the core content of the selected topic by applying it in real situations. The empirical findings support the efficacy of game playing in HE and also shows that students enjoyed with this type of learning.
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Koltsova, N. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE SYMBOLISM OF THE VELD IN RUSSIAN PROSE OF THE FIRST THIRD OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE STORIES OF PLATONOV AND PRISHVIN)." In VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3707.rus_lit_20-21/122-125.
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The article is devoted to the study the features of “spatial form” in the stories of M. Prishvin and A. Platonov. The space itself acts as a hero in them, while the central character (or characters) are interesting to the author rather as a focus of perception. The shift of emphasis from a person to “thinking matter”, or “the substance of existence” (Platonov), predetermines a change in all levels of artistic structure - from the organization of the plot, which is relegated to the background or is completely absent, to types of psychologism, often taking the form of “anti-psychologism”. The “floating point of view” of Platonov’s later stories evokes associations with the cinematic technique of the wandering camera, or “subjective camera.” In Prishvin’s story, the effect of “depersonalization” is achieved by updating the traditional technique of duality: the black Arab is the shadow of the hero, declaring itself before the latter appears and remaining in the story (and in the desert world) after him. Despite the fact that national exoticism predominates in Prishvin’s story, it, introducing the reader to the world of oriental legends and culture in general, does not cancel the Russian “prehistory” of Prishvin’s method, prepared both by the traditions of Russian classical literature of the 19-th century and by the discoveries of neorealism of the 20-th century.
Reports on the topic "Face perception in literature"
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Safira, Latasha. Parent’s Perception on Face-to-Face Learning. Jakarta, Indonesia: Center for Indonesian Policy Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35497/408734.
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Cilliers, Jacobus, and Shardul Oza. The Motivations, Constraints, and Behaviour of Tanzania's Frontline Education Providers. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2020/023.
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In this note, we leverage data from a nationwide survey conducted in 2019 in Ethiopia to shed light on what Ward Education Officers do, their understanding of their own role, and the constraints they face in executing their responsibilities. We interviewed 397 WEOs responsible for primary schools across 23 districts and six regions of Tanzania as part of a baseline survey conducted between February and May 2019. This note contributes to a growing literature on the activities, self-perceptions, and motivation of public sector officials in charge of “last mile” service delivery. For example, Aiyar and Bhattacharya (2016) use time-use diaries, in-depth interviews, and quantitative data to understand the views, attitudes, and activities of sub-district education sector officials, called block education officers, in India.
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Duma, Daniel, and Miquel Muñoz Cabré. Risk mitigation and transfer for renewable energy investments: a conceptual review. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.042.
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The trillions of dollars needed to achieve global climate goals are more than an abstract number. They need to be channeled through viable projects that result in desirable outcomes, such as renewable energy infrastructure in developing countries. The complexity and barriers faced in the project development and finance process are often underestimated. The perception of risk is an important barrier to private investment in developing countries, hence one of the most relevant interventions is to reduce or transfer risk faced by investors. Renewable energy has benefited from this approach, yet its progress has been slow in some regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this paper, we look at risk-related interventions in renewable energy investments, particularly from the perspective of developers. To do that, we first review the literature and concepts related to the role of risk, the cost of capital, the project development process, and the investment selection process. The paper further explores the types and relevance of risks faced by renewable energy investors. Finally, the paper examines the use of risk mitigation and transfer (RMT) instruments in private utility-scale renewable energy investments and presents evidence of the effectiveness of RMT in practice.
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Hayat, Muhammad Adnan, Khalid Alhadhrami, and Amro Elshurafa. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Deployment of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage Pathways (BECCS) Globally. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp28.
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Countries are exploring various options to achieve net-zero emissions, including bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) from processes that utilize bioenergy to produce heat, electricity or biofuels. However, this technology faces sustainability concerns, an unclear public perception and has complex value chains for its emissions. Adding to this complexity, the literature presents two opposing views regarding the potential of BECCS to achieve negative emissions. This paper analyzes in detail a wide range of BECCS pathways in terms of their ability to achieve negative emissions and their associated costs. Out of the seven assessed pathways, our analysis shows that the corn-to-ethanol and biomethane-production-from-maize BECCS pathways in the U.S., along with biomethane production from wet manure in Europe and baling of straw pellets with trans-Atlantic shipment, can achieve negative emissions at a cost of 50, 108, 159 and 232 dollars per ton of CO2 ($/tCO2), respectively. Other technologies, such as poplar pellets, forest residue and agricultural residue with trans-Atlantic shipments, are not able to achieve negative emissions.
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Concina, Laura. Attitude face au risque & Sciences économiques. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/337arf.
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Ce document initie des lecteurs non-économistes aux théories de l'économie classique et comportementale du risque et de l'incertitude. Il décrit des résultats généralement acceptés en sciences économiques qui sont déterminants dans la prise de décision en conditions de risque ou d'incertitude et dans des situations où il est question de pertes et de gains. Pour illustrer ce sujet, sont présentés une sélection de résultats théoriques, entremêlés d'exemples de la vie quotidienne ainsi que des travaux de recherche en sciences économiques et en psychologie sur la perception du risque.
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Kelly, Luke. Direct and Indirect Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women and Girls. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.141.
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This rapid literature review finds that women have been disproportionately affected by Covid-19 in several ways. As the Covid-19 pandemic began, it was widely predicted that women would face worse outcomes than men in many spheres. This was based on evidence of pre-existing inequalities (e.g. the high share of women in informal work) and evidence from earlier disease outbreaks such as Ebola. Evidence from the past year and a half supports the idea that women have been disproportionately affected by Covid-19 in many of the issues investigated for this report. A wide-ranging World Bank review of evidence from April 2020 to April 2021 states that “women often appear to have lost out more than men economically and socially” (Nieves et al., 2021, p. 4). It was not possible to find evidence on the effect of Covid-19 on women’s role in the green economy and the effects of climate change (beyond calls for inclusive green growth), or on gender stereotyping in the media (although there is a small amount of literature on perceptions of women leaders during the pandemic). In all cases, the effect of Covid-19 and measures to suppress it have directly or indirectly continued or worsened pre-existing inequalities. In some instances, Covid-19 has created distinct difficulties for women (e.g. lockdowns and increased domestic violence). This report has found no evidence of Covid-19 improving the position of women in the areas of interest surveyed, beyond possible benefits from working from home for some women in high-income countries; and some suggestions that female leadership during the pandemic may lead to better perceptions of women (Piazza & Diaz, 2020). Studies also point to the intersection of gender with other factors, such as caste and ethnicity, leading to worse outcomes (Chen et al., 2021; Kabeer et al., 2021). In many cases, migrant women and women with disabilities are at an increased disadvantage. The report focuses on evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and G7 members. It is not comprehensive but surveys the available evidence focusing on global, regional or synthesis evidence to provide a more representative coverage. It, therefore, does not cover every context or provide any country case studies and overlooks variations in some countries in favour of broader trends.
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Behera, Arakhita. Examining the Perception of Women’s Role in India’s Blue Economy: A Systematic Literature Review. Asian Development Bank Institute, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/bekd9215.
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VanZomeren, Catherine, and Damarys Acevedo-Mackey. Maintaining salt marshes in the face of sea level rise — review of literature and techniques. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/33297.
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Martinez, Kimberly D., and Gaojian Huang. Exploring the Effects of Meaningful Tactile Display on Perception and Preference in Automated Vehicles. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2164.
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There is an existing issue in human-machine interaction, such that drivers of semi-autonomous vehicles are still required to take over control of the vehicle during system limitations. A possible solution may lie in tactile displays, which can present status, direction, and position information while avoiding sensory (e.g., visual and auditory) channels overload to reliably help drivers make timely decisions and execute actions to successfully take over. However, limited work has investigated the effects of meaningful tactile signals on takeover performance. This study synthesizes literature investigating the effects of tactile displays on takeover performance in automated vehicles and conducts a human-subject study to design and test the effects of six meaningful tactile signal types and two pattern durations on drivers’ perception and performance during automated driving. The research team performed a literature review of 18 articles that conducted human-subjects experiments on takeover performance utilizing tactile displays as takeover requests. Takeover performance in these studies were highlighted, such as response times, workload, and accuracy. The team then conducted a human-subject experiment, which included 16 participants that used a driving simulator to present 30 meaningful vibrotactile signals, randomly across four driving sessions measuring for reaction times (RTs), interpretation accuracy, and subjective ratings. Results from the literature suggest that tactile displays can present meaningful vibrotactile patterns via various in-vehicle locations to help improve drivers’ performance during the takeover and can be used to assist in the design of human-machine interfaces (HMI) for automated vehicles. The experiment yielded results illustrating higher urgency patterns were associated with shorter RTs and higher intuitive ratings. Also, pedestrian status and headway reduction signals presented shorter RTs and increased confidence ratings compared to other tactile signal types. Finally, the signal types that yielded the highest accuracy were the surrounding vehicle and navigation signal types. Implications of these findings may lie in informing the design of next-generation in-vehicle HMIs and future human factors studies on human-automation interactions.
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Teng, Cheong Lieng, Asiya Begum Vasiwala, Heyman Raj Bari, and Erwin Jiayuan Khoo. Perception and practices regarding e-cigarettes among health sciences students and health professionals: protocol of a systematic review of world literature. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.11.0065.
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