Relevant bibliographies by topics / Face editing

Academic literature on the topic 'Face editing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Face editing":

1

Liu, Shuang, Dan Li, Tianchi Cao, Yuke Sun, Yingsong Hu, and Junwen Ji. "GAN-Based Face Attribute Editing." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 34854–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974043.

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Massey, Gregory D. "The Papers of Henry Laurens and Modern Historical Documentary Editing." Public Historian 27, no. 1 (2005): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2005.27.1.39.

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In early 2003 the Papers of Henry Laurens published the sixteenth and last volume of its letterpress edition. Since its inception over forty years ago, the project has been a microcosm of the changes that have occurred in historical documentary editing. The project pioneered the use of computers to create more accurate and comprehensive indexes. It went further than most projects in adopting a literal transcription policy. Over the past twenty years, the Laurens Papers' difficulties in maintaining a staff and producing volumes in the face of budget constraints mirror the problems faced by other projects as federal support for documentary editing has decreased or remained stagnant.
3

Niu, Yongjie, Mingquan Zhou, and Zhan Li. "Disentangling the latent space of GANs for semantic face editing." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 26, 2023): e0293496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293496.

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Disentanglement research is a critical and important issue in the field of image editing. In order to perform disentangled editing on images generated by generative models, this paper presents an unsupervised, model-agnostic, two-stage trained editing framework. This work addresses the problem of discovering interpretable, disentangled directions of edited image attributes in the latent space of generative models. This effort’s primary objective was to address the limitations discovered in previous research, mainly (a) the discovered editing directions are interpretable but significantly entangled, i.e., changes to one attribute affect the others and (b) Prior research has utilized direction discovery and direction disentanglement separately, and they can’t work synergistically. More specifically, this paper proposes a two-stage training method that discovers the editing direction with semantics, perturbs the dimension of the direction vector, adjusts it with a penalty mechanism, and makes the editing direction more disentangled. This allows easy distinguishable image editing, such as age and facial expressions in facial images. Experimentally compared to other methods, the proposed method outperforms them both qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of interpretability, disentanglement, and distinguishability of the generated images. The implementation of our method is available at https://github.com/ydniuyongjie/twoStageForFaceEdit.
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Xu, Zhiliang, Xiyu Yu, Zhibin Hong, Zhen Zhu, Junyu Han, Jingtuo Liu, Errui Ding, and Xiang Bai. "FaceController: Controllable Attribute Editing for Face in the Wild." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 4 (May 18, 2021): 3083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i4.16417.

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Face attribute editing aims to generate faces with one or multiple desired face attributes manipulated while other details are preserved. Unlike prior works such as GAN inversion which has an expensive reverse mapping process, we propose a simple feed-forward network to generate high-fidelity manipulated faces. By simply employing some existing and easy-obtainable prior information, our method can control, transfer, and edit diverse attributes of faces in the wild. The proposed method can consequently be applied to various applications such as face swapping, face relighting, and makeup transfer. In our method, we decouple identity, expression, pose, and illumination by using 3D priors; separate texture and colors by using region-wise style codes. All the information is embedded into adversarial learning by our identity-style normalization module. Disentanglement losses are proposed to enhance the generator to extract information independently from each attribute. Comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations have been conducted. In a single framework, our method achieves the best or competitive scores on a variety of face applications.
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Song, Linsen, Jie Cao, Lingxiao Song, Yibo Hu, and Ran He. "Geometry-Aware Face Completion and Editing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 2506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012506.

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Face completion is a challenging generation task because it requires generating visually pleasing new pixels that are semantically consistent with the unmasked face region. This paper proposes a geometry-aware Face Completion and Editing NETwork (FCENet) by systematically studying facial geometry from the unmasked region. Firstly, a facial geometry estimator is learned to estimate facial landmark heatmaps and parsing maps from the unmasked face image. Then, an encoder-decoder structure generator serves to complete a face image and disentangle its mask areas conditioned on both the masked face image and the estimated facial geometry images. Besides, since low-rank property exists in manually labeled masks, a low-rank regularization term is imposed on the disentangled masks, enforcing our completion network to manage occlusion area with various shape and size. Furthermore, our network can generate diverse results from the same masked input by modifying estimated facial geometry, which provides a flexible mean to edit the completed face appearance. Extensive experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate that our network is able to generate visually pleasing face completion results and edit face attributes as well.
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Ambroziak, Tomasz. "Jak wydawać cyrylickie akta sejmikowe? Analiza rosyjskich, ukraińskich i białoruskich współczesnych zasad wydawniczych oraz wybranej praktyki edytorskiej. Część I." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 21, no. 1 (2022): 321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2022.21.01.11.

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One area in which significant progress has been made in the publication of sources in recent years is the editing of sejmik records. The fundamental question facing publishers of sources is the issue of editing priniples. Publishers of Lithuanian sejmik records are in a peculiar situation, as they face the problem of publishing sources in Polish and Ruthenian in one volume. Meanwhile, in Polish editing practice, there are no strictly defined rules for publishing Cyrillic sources, and contemporary experience in this matter is quite modest. The team preparing the edition of the sejmik records of the Vilnius voivodship from 1566–1655 faced a similar problem. In the course of the work, in order to determine the principles of editing the text, the existing theoretical models and solutions adopted in publishing practice were analyzed and evaluated for their suitability for the tasks ahead. This article will analyze contemporary publishing instructions and methodological recommendations for the publication of Cyrillic sources formulated in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian editing, as well as selected source publications of Cyrillic documents from the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th–17th centuries. The conclusions of the analysis will be used to formulate proposals for specific solutions for the publishers of sejmik records.
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Xiao, Zhujun, Jenna Cryan, Yuanshun Yao, Yi Hong Gordon Cheo, Yuanchao Shu, Stefan Saroiu, Ben Y. Zhao, and Haitao Zheng. ""My face, my rules": Enabling Personalized Protection Against Unacceptable Face Editing." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2023, no. 3 (July 2023): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0080.

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Today, face editing is widely used to refine/alter photos in both professional and recreational settings. Yet it is also used to modify (and repost) existing online photos for cyberbullying. Our work considers an important open question: 'How can we support the collaborative use of face editing on social platforms while protecting against unacceptable edits and reposts by others?' This is challenging because, as our user study shows, users vary widely in their definition of what edits are (un)acceptable. Any global filter policy deployed by social platforms is unlikely to address the needs of all users, but hinders social interactions enabled by photo editing. Instead, we argue that face edit protection policies should be implemented by social platforms based on individual user preferences. When posting an original photo online, a user can choose to specify the types of face edits (dis)allowed on the photo. Social platforms use these per-photo edit policies to moderate future photo uploads, i.e., edited photos containing modifications that violate the original photo's policy are either blocked or shelved for user approval. Realizing this personalized protection, however, faces two immediate challenges: (1) how to accurately recognize specific modifications, if any, contained in a photo; and (2) how to associate an edited photo with its original photo (and thus the edit policy). We show that these challenges can be addressed by combining highly efficient hashing based image search and scalable semantic image comparison, and build a prototype protector (Alethia) covering nine edit types. Evaluations using IRB-approved user studies and data-driven experiments (on 839K face photos) show that Alethia accurately recognizes edited photos that violate user policies and induces a feeling of protection to study participants. This demonstrates the initial feasibility of personalized face edit protection. We also discuss current limitations and future directions to push the concept forward.
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Upadhyay, Mukunda, Badri Raj Lamichhane, and Bal Krishna Nyaupane. "Facial Attribute Editing Using Generative Adversarial Network." Journal of Engineering and Sciences 2, no. 1 (December 6, 2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jes2.v2i1.60394.

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Facial attribute editing tasks have immense applications in today’s digital world, including virtual makeup, generating faces in the animation and gaming industry, social media face image enhancement and improving face recognition systems. This task can be achieved manually or automatically. Manual facial attribute editing, performed with software such as Adobe Photoshop, is a tedious and time-consuming process that requires an expert person. However, Automatic facial attribute editing tasks that can perform facial attribute editing within a few seconds are achievable using encoder-decoder and deep learning-based generative models, such as conditional Generative Adversarial Networks. In our work, we use different attribute vectors as conditional information to generate desired target images, and encoder-decoder structures incorporate feature transfer units to choose and alter encoder-based features. Later, these encoder features are concatenated with the decoder feature to strengthen the attribute editing ability of the model. For this research, we apply reconstruction loss to preserve other details of a face image except target attributes. Adversarial loss is employed for visually realistic editing and attribute manipulation loss is employed to ensure that the generated image possesses the correct attributes. Furthermore, we adopt the WGAN-GP loss function type to improve training stability and reduce the mode collapse problem that often occurs in GAN. Experiments on the Celebi dataset show that this method produces visually realistic facial attribute edited images with PSNR/SSIM 31.7/0.95 and 89.23 % of average attribute editing accuracy for 13 facial attributes including Bangs, Mustache, Bald, Bushy Eyebrows, Blond Hair, Eyeglasses, Black Hair, Brown Hair, Mouth Slightly Open, Male, No Beard, pale Skin and Young.
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Oktaviani, Reni, Siti Ansoriyah, and Etsa Purbarani. "Syllabus Development of Language Editing Courses Indonesia Based on Information and Communication Technology Integrated XXI Century." Aksis : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/aksis.060105.

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The background of this research is about a pandemic that has changed learning patterns from face-to-face to face-to-face. This causes the syllabus that existed before the pandemic to adapt to current conditions. In addition, this syllabus applies a project-based learning model and case studies. The purpose of this research is to explain and develop the syllabus of the Indonesian Language Editing course based on integrated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the XXI century. This research uses research and development. The stages in this research, namely: first, explain the process of developing the syllabus for the integrated ICT-based Indonesian language editing course in the XXI century. Second, developing a syllabus for the XXI century integrated ICT-based Indonesian Language Editing course. Data collection techniques were obtained through tests and non-tests in the form of observations, questionnaires, and documentation and then processed using content analysis techniques. Based on this, the development of an integrated ICT-based syllabus in the XXI century was applied to level IV students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program to obtain effective learning outcomes in the Indonesian Language Editing course.
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Hair, P. E. H. "On Editing Barbot." History in Africa 20 (1993): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171964.

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In 1974 the very first issue of HA included an analysis of a small section of John Barbot's Description of the coasts of North and South Guinea. Since this represented the first fruits of a project to edit Barbot's writings on Guinea, it is appropriate that, now the completed edition is published, a review of the history of the editing, the methods and problems of the editors, and the problems that the consumer will face in using the edition, should also appear in HA.Why Barbot? When, twenty years ago, I decided that Barbot's account of Guinea should be edited, I already knew that it was partly unoriginal, and that in an ideal world priority would be given to editing the other, earlier, recognized compendium on Guinea, the relevant section of Dapper's account of all Africa. For although Dapper is also partly unoriginal, it has probably a wider range of new material than Barbot, not least the very detailed Kquoja account. Why then Barbot rather than Dapper? The answer is simple. I recognized the lack of critical editing of Guinea sources and felt I had to take the plunge somewhere. But whereas Dapper wrote in Dutch, a language of which I have only dictionary command, the earlier manuscript version of Barbot was in French, a language I could cope with. Dapper will have his turn. Adam Jones, one of the co-editors of “Barbot on Guinea,” having Dutch, has already published studies of Dapper's sources. Moreover, in the edition of Barbot we have taken the unusual step of including in the annotation fairly frequent references to the lines of transmission of information, for instance, not only noting the material Barbot borrowed from Dapper but also, where the material was not original to Dapper, the sources of his borrowing—thus doing part of the work of a critical edition of Dapper. In fact we have generally tried to make the edition of Barbot a starting point for the critical study of many other pre-1700 Guinea sources.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Face editing":

1

Kim, Hyeongwoo [Verfasser]. "Learning-based face reconstruction and editing / Hyeongwoo Kim." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1219068837/34.

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Yao, Xu. "Latent representations for facial images and video editing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT019.

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Apprendre à éditer des images et des vidéos de visages est un domaine particulièrement actif dans la recherche académique et industrielle. Cette thèse aborde le problème de l'édition de visages dans le cas particulier des images et des vidéos à haute résolution. Dans cette thèse, nous développons des méthodes basées sur l'apprentissage profond pour effectuer l'édition d'images faciales. Plus précisément, nous explorons la tâche en utilisant les représentations latentes obtenues à partir de deux types de réseaux neuronaux profonds : les modèles basés sur l'auto-encodage et les réseaux antagonistes génératifs (GAN). Pour chaque type de méthode, nous considérons un problème spécifique d'édition d'image et proposons une solution efficace qui surpasse l'état de l'art. La thèse comprend deux parties. Dans la partie I, nous explorons les tâches d'édition d'images via l'espace latent des autoencodeurs. Nous considérons d'abord la tâche de transfert de style entre les photos, et proposons un algorithme efficace qui est construit sur une paire de réseaux basés sur des autoencodeurs. Ensuite, nous étudions la tâche d'édition de l'âge du visage pour les images à haute résolution, en utilisant une architecture d'encodeur-décodeur. Le réseau proposé encode une image de visage en représentations de caractéristiques invariantes selon l'âge, et apprend un vecteur de modulation correspondant à un âge cible. Notre approche permet une édition fine de l'âge sur des images à haute résolution dans un seul modèle unifié.Dans la deuxième partie, nous explorons la tâche d'édition via l'espace latent des modèles antagonistes génératifs (GAN). Tout d'abord, nous considérons le problème de l'édition "démêlée" (disentangled) des attributs faciaux sur des images synthétiques et réelles, en proposant un réseau de transformation latent qui agit dans l'espace latent d'un modèle GAN pré-entraîné. Nous avons également proposé un pipeline de manipulation vidéo, afin de généraliser le résultat de l'édition aux vidéos. Deuxièmement, nous étudions le problème de l'inversion du GAN - la projection d'une image réelle dans l'espace latent d'un GAN pré-entraîné. En particulier, nous proposons un encodeur feed-forward, qui encode une image donnée en un code caractéristique et un code latent en une seule passe. L'encodeur proposé s'avère plus précis et plus stable pour l'inversion d'images et de vidéos, tout en conservant de bonnes capacités d'édition
Learning to edit facial images and videos is one of the most popular tasks in both academia and industrial research. This thesis addresses the problem of face editing for the special case of high-resolution images and videos.In this thesis, we develop deep learning-based methods to perform facial image editing. Specifically, we explore the task using the latent representations obtained from two types of deep neural networks: autoencoder-based models and generative adversarial networks. For each type of method, we consider a specific image editing problem and propose an effective solution that outperforms the state-of-the-art.The thesis contains two parts. In part I, we explore image editing tasks via the latent space of autoencoders. We first consider the style transfer task between photos and propose an effective algorithm that is built on a pair of autoencoder-based networks. Second, we study the face age editing task for high-resolution images, using an encoder-decoder architecture. The proposed network encodes a face image to age-invariant feature representations and learns a modulation vector corresponding to a target age. Our approach allows for fine-grained age editing on high-resolution images in a single unified model.In part II, we explore the editing task via the latent space of generative adversarial models (GANs). First, we consider the problem of facial attribute disentangled editing on synthetic and real images, by proposing a latent transformation network that acts in the latent space of a pre-trained GAN model. We also proposed a video manipulation pipeline, to generalize the editing result to videos. Second, we investigate the problem of GAN inversion -- the projection of a real image to the latent space of a pretrained GAN. In particular, we propose a feed-forward encoder, which encodes a given image to a feature code and a latent code in one pass. The proposed encoder is shown to be more accurate and stable for image and video inversion, meanwhile, maintaining good editing capacities
3

Rudol, Piotr, and Mariusz Wzorek. "Editing, Streaming and Playing of MPEG-4 Facial Animations." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1687.

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Computer animated faces have found their way into a wide variety of areas. Starting from entertainment like computer games, through television and films to user interfaces using “talking heads”. Animated faces are also becoming popular in web applications in form of human-like assistants or newsreaders.

This thesis presents a few aspects of dealing with human face animations, namely: editing, playing and transmitting such animations. It describes a standard for handling human face animations, the MPEG-4 Face Animation, and shows the process of designing, implementing and evaluating applications compliant to this standard.

First, it presents changes introduced to the existing components of the Visage|toolkit package for dealing with facial animations, offered by the company Visage Technologies AB. It also presents the process of designing and implementing of an application for editing facial animations compliant to the MPEG-4 Face Animation standard. Finally, it discusses several approaches to the problem of streaming facial animations over the Internet or the Local Area Network (LAN).

4

Garrido, Pablo [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Theobalt. "High-quality face capture, animation and editing from monocular video / Pablo Alejandro Garrido Adrian ; Betreuer: Christian Theobalt." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138978795/34.

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Garrido, Adrian Pablo Alejandro [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Theobalt. "High-quality face capture, animation and editing from monocular video / Pablo Alejandro Garrido Adrian ; Betreuer: Christian Theobalt." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138978795/34.

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Owen, Jonathon R. ""At the Coal-Face of Standardization": Uncovering the Role of Copy Editors in Standardizing the English Language." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3927.

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Though much work has been done on the definition of Standard English and on the standardization process, little attention has been paid to the role of copy editors in that process. Editors comprise a class of craft professionals employed to remove errors from texts and make them more consistent, but when editors speak about editors at all, they generally rely on anecdotes rather than hard data about what editors do. Since formal written English is often used as a baseline for determining what is standard, and since corpora of published writing are increasingly used to research questions of usage, it is important to understand the role of copy editors in shaping the text that we see on the printed page. This study examines the usage and grammar changes made by student editorial interns in twenty-three academic journal articles. Volunteer professional editors were then solicited to edit the same articles, and their changes were compared against the interns' changes. The changes were counted and categorized to determine which usage rules can be considered most important to copy editors and thus most essential to distinguishing Standard Edited English from standard unedited writing. It was found that the most frequent changes were several grammatical items and a few lexical items, including the that/which rule, avoidance of towards, increased parallelism, and standardization of s-genitive forms. These changes confirm the idea that editors play a role in standardization, particularly codifying certain forms by reducing optional variation. From this data we can conclude that educated written usage and edited usage are not necessarily the same and should not be conflated. These findings also have implications for the use of corpus data in usage studies by showing that the final version of a printed work does not necessarily show the usage of edited writers but likely has a substantial contribution from copy editors.
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Patel, Manjula. "Making FACES : the Facial Animation, Construction and Editing System." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524137.

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The human face is a fascinating, but extremely complex object; the research project described is concerned with the computer generation and animation of faces. However, the age old captivation with the face transforms into a major obstacle when creating synthetic faces. The face and head are the most visible attributes of a person. We master the skills of recognising faces and interpreting facial movement at a very early age. As a result, we are likely to notice the smallest deviation from our concept of how a face should appear and behave. Computer animation in general, is often perceived to be ``wooden' and very ``rigid'; the aim is therefore to provide facilities for the generation of believable faces and convincing facial movement. The major issues addressed within the project concern the modelling of a large variety of faces and their animation. Computer modelling of arbitrary faces is an area that has received relatively little attention in comparison with the animation of faces. Another problem that has been considered is that of providing the user with adequate and effective control over the modelling and animation of the face. The Facial Animation, Construction and Editing System or FACES was conceived as a system for investigating these issues. A promising approach is to look a little deeper than the surface of the skin. A three-layer anatomical model of the head, which incorporates bone, muscle, skin and surface features, has been developed. As well as serving as a foundation which integrates all the facilities available within FACES, the advantage of the model is that it allows differing strategies to be used for modelling and animation. FACES is an interactive system, which helps with both the generation and animation of faces, while hiding the structural complexities of the face from the user. The software consists of four sub-systems; CONSTRUCT and MODIFY cater for modelling functionality, while ANIMATE allows animation sequences to be generated and RENDER provides for shading and motion evaluation.
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DeNies, Ramona Wynne. "Close Enough: Adventures in Fact-Checking." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3669.

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These days, fact-checking is a fashionable term in the worlds of both politics and the media. On broadcast news, tickers run below the speeches of politicians, with claims annotated in real-time and occasionally labeled as false. In newspapers like the Washington Post and online information hubs like Politifact.com, writers invoke the term to flag reporting that aims to correct or clarify the public record. At times, "fact-checking" efforts are themselves called out for partisan bias or personal gain. The term is now practically mainstream, used in everyday conversation to indicate disbelief. ("I'm going to have to fact-check you," CNN anchor Jake Tapper said to former Baltimore mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake in August 2016, expressing surprise that she was the mother of a 12-year-old.) Given the proliferating parties of interest that now claim to be engaged in some sort of fact-checking endeavor--from policy think tanks to Facebook--it's no wonder that a term originally reserved for the pursuit of journalistic accuracy now suffers from muddied public understanding. This study focuses on fact-checking in the context of print magazines: the media genre that innovated a formal version of the practice nearly a century ago. Magazine fact-checking, unlike the "fact-checking" tickers of broadcast news and newspaper postmortems, focuses not on setting the record straight after the fact, but rather on getting the story right before it goes to print. If a magazine fact-checker does her work well, she'll remain invisible to the reader. And that's because the published story, after her fact-checking, will afford the reader an experience uninterrupted by questionable logic, unreliable sources, or suspect data. Magazine fact-checkers aim for this level of perfection by employing a rigorous process that goes far beyond the verification of names, dates, and numerical figures. To illustrate this process, and explain my personal investment in this craft, I share my own experience working as the head of a city magazine's fact-checking department. To gain perspective on magazine fact-checking as practiced elsewhere in the nation, I interview other fact-checkers, writers, and academics. I also draw on case studies, media history, and personal anecdotes to examine some of the fundamental questions that inform the practice. (Among them: what is a fact? When does information become true? And what are the limits of a fact-checker's pursuit of truth?) In the world of fact-checking, there are best practices in the craft, and nuances to consider. Fact-checking also wades into deeper waters: those of philosophy, ethics, and social bias. But at its core, fact-checking is quite simply an application of critical thinking skills: skills that can be honed, and used for good. At a time when the media has lost the faith of many Americans, the magazine fact-checker can play a critical role in building that trust, one scrupulously vetted story at a time.
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Meyerovich, Kira. "Ubiquitin editing enzymes and beta cell fate in type 1 diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/234965.

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Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease affecting around 0.1-0.8% of the population worldwide and is characterized by a progressive destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines released by immune cells around the islets contribute for the “first wave” of beta cell apoptosis. Cytokine-mediated activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) contributes to beta cell demise in T1D. This is unusual, since NF-κB has anti-apoptotic effects in other cells. NF-κB is activated in most cells via the canonical pathway, while its activation via the non-canonical NF-κB pathway is restricted to few cell types, such as maturing/differentiating immune cell and osteoclasts. We have now observed that IL-1β+IFN-γ induces an atypical activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in beta cells. This activation depends on different crosstalk mechanisms between the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways, including the down-regulation of the E3 ligase Fbw7, which targets the p100 for proteasomal degradation, and up-regulation of another E3 ligase, βTrCP, which in turn induces cleavage of p100 to p52, a hallmark step in the non-canonical NF-κB activation. Importantly, cytokine-mediated activation of the non-canonical pathway regulates the expression of late NF-κB dependent genes, such as Ccl5, Ccl19, Ccl12, Fas that regulate both pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses and are implicated in beta cell loss in T1D. This atypical activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway by pro-inflammatory cytokines in beta cells constitutes a novel “feed-forward” mechanism that may explain the particular pro-apoptotic effect of this transcription factor in beta cells. Besides regulation of pro-death responses, NF-κB activation in beta cells triggers the expression of the ubiquitin-editing protein A20, encoded by TNFAIP3. A20 restricts NF-κB signalling and possess anti-apoptotic activities in beta cells. Importantly, genome-wide association studies have identified TNFAIP3 as a candidate gene for T1D. We presently demonstrated that A20 effects in beta cells are not restricted to inhibition of NF-κB. Thus, A20 also suppresses the pro-apoptotic mitogen-activated protein kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and activates the survival signaling mediated via the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt), thus inhibiting the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Finally, a cohort study of T1D children indicated that the risk allele of the rs2327832 single nucleotide polymorphism of TNFAIP3 predict lower C-peptide and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels 12 months after disease onset, indicating that this candidate gene contributes for reduced residual beta-cell function and impaired glycemic control in early T1D. In conclusion, our results indicate a critical role for A20 in the regulation of beta cell survival and unveil novel mechanisms by which A20 controls beta-cell fate. Moreover, we identified the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2327832 of TNFAIP3 as a prognostic marker for diabetes outcome in children with T1D.We have also observed that A20 protects beta cells against the pro-apoptotic effects of cytokines by preventing the degradation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Mcl-1 belongs to the Bcl-2 family of proteins that regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. It was previously shown that Mcl-1 depletion contributes to apoptosis in rat beta cells and that its expression is downregulated in islets from T1D individuals infected by enteroviruses. We have now confirmed in human beta cells that decreased Mcl-1 expression contributes to cytokine-mediated beta cell death. We generated a beta cell specific Mcl-1 knockout mouse line (βMcl-1 KO) and observed that islets derived from these mice were more susceptible to pro-apoptotic stimuli exposure ex vivo. Of note, βMcl-1 KO mice were more vulnerable to multiple low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes than their wild type littermates. One of the mechanisms by which cytokines mediate Mcl-1 degradation is via its phosphorylation by GSK3β. Overexpression of A20 increased AKT phosphorylation, providing a negative feedback on GSK3β activity and preventing Mcl-1 degradation. Cytokines also increase Mcl-1 ubiquitination, a process regulated by the E3 ligases Mule and βTrCP and the deubiquitinase USP9X. The present findings indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokines trigger post-translational modifications of Mcl-1 leading to its degradation. This contributes to exacerbation of pro-death responses and beta cell demise in T1D, but it can be prevented, at least in part, by A20. As a whole, our data unveil novel post-translational mechanisms and different ubiquitin editing proteins that regulate beta cell fate in T1D and are modulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
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Santos, Filipe Daniel Fonseca dos. "Ópera Le Fate de Henrique Oswald: edição crítica a partir dos manuscritos autógrafos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27157/tde-27022019-151342/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma edição crítica da ópera Le Fate (1902-1903), de Henrique Oswald (1952-1931), a partir dos manuscritos autógrafos encontrados na Biblioteca da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo, no Arquivo Nacional e na Biblioteca Nacional, ambos no Rio de Janeiro. Para isso utilizamos o método do textobase como apresentado por Figueiredo em seu trabalho sobre as teorias e práticas editoriais aplicadas à música sacra brasileira dos séculos XVIII e XIX, apoiado por outros autores que abordam o assunto da edição crítica, como Grier, no âmbito musical, Cambraia e Spina, no campo literário. No decorrer de nosso trabalho fazemos uma análise dos manuscritos e apresentamos uma edição do libreto e da partitura, ambos com seus aparatos críticos, precedidos por uma discussão dos problemas encontrados e dos critérios utilizados para resolvê-los. Além disso, apresentamos algumas informações para a identificação do libretista, Eduardo Filippi, fornecendo subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre este autor, pois até o momento não encontramos nenhum trabalho que apresentasse qualquer informação sobre ele. A edição da ópera Le Fate, assim como de qualquer outra obra deste porte, apresenta vários desafios ao editor, com relação às necessárias correções e modificações implícitas na atividade de edição crítica musical. Seguindo a bibliografia especializada, buscamos a definição da melhor metodologia de trabalho e a análise crítica, apoiada pelo conhecimento da obra, do estilo e do compositor, adquirido ao longo da pesquisa.
The aim of this work is to present a critical edition of the opera Le Fate (1902-1903), by Henrique Oswald (1952-1931), from the autograph manuscripts found in the Library of the School of Communication and Arts at the University of São Paulo, in the National Archive, and the National Library, both in Rio de Janeiro. For this purpose we used the copy-text method as presented by Figueiredo in his work on the theories and editorial practices applied to Brazilian sacred music of the 18th and 19th centuries, supported by other authors who address the subject of the critical editing, such as Grier in the musical sphere and Cambraia and Spina in the literary field. In the course of this work we analyze the manuscripts and present an edition of the libretto and the score, both with their critical apparatus, preceded by a discussion of the problems encountered and the criteria used to solve them. In addition, we present some information for the identification of the librettist, Eduardo Filippi, providing a contribution for future research on this author, for so far as this moment, we have not found any work that presents any information about him. Editing the opera Le Fate, as well as any other work of this size, presents several challenges to the editor, regarding the required corrections and the modifications implied in the musical critical editing activity. Following a specialized bibliography, we sought the definition of the best working methodology and the critical analysis, supported by the knowledge of the work, the style and the composer, acquired throughout the research.
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Books on the topic "Face editing":

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Sharpe, Leslie T. Editing fact and fiction: A concise guide to book editing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Incorporated, Grolier, ed. Special edition: The changing face of Europe. [Danbury? Conn.]: Grolier, 1996.

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Incorporated, Grolier, ed. Special edition: The changing face of Europe. [Danbury? Conn.]: Grolier, 1996.

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Smith, Sarah Harrison. The fact checker's bible: A guide to getting it right. New York: Anchor Books, 2004.

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Be a Brilliant Business Writer: Write Well, Write Fast, and Whip the Competition: Offering solutions to real-life problems business writers face. Chicago, USA: Ten Speed Press, 2010.

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Ellery QUEEN. Face to Face: Library Edition. Blackstone Audiobooks, 2000.

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Marek, Richard, Leslie T. Sharpe, and Irene Günther. Editing Fact and Fiction: A Concise Guide to Book Editing. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Marek, Richard, Leslie T. Sharpe, and Irene Günther. Editing Fact and Fiction: A Concise Guide to Book Editing. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Sturgill, Amanda. Detecting Deception: Tools to Fight Fake News. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.

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(Narrator), Sheila Hart, ed. Now Face to Face (Bookcassette(r) Edition). Bookcassette, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Face editing":

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Dai, Jiangnan. "Facial Expression Synthesis with Synchronous Editing of Face Organs." In Biometric Recognition, 139–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86608-2_16.

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Cozzolino, Davide, and Luisa Verdoliva. "Multimedia Forensics Before the Deep Learning Era." In Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection, 45–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_3.

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AbstractImage manipulation is as old as photography itself, and powerful media editing tools have been around for a long time. Using such conventional signal processing methods, it is possible to modify images and videos obtaining very realistic results. This chapter is devoted to describe the most effective strategies to detect the widespread manipulations that rely on traditional approaches and do not require a deep learning strategy. In particular, we will focus on manipulations like adding, replicating, or removing objects and present the major lines of research in multimedia forensics before the deep learning era and the rise of deepfakes. The most popular approaches look for artifacts related to the in-camera processing chain (camera-based clues) or the out-camera processing history (editing-based clues). We will focus on methods that rely on the extraction of a camera fingerprint and need some prior information on pristine data, for example, through a collection of images taken from the camera of interest. Then we will shift to blind methods that do not require any prior knowledge and reveal inconsistencies with respect to some well-defined hypotheses. We will also briefly review the most interesting features of machine learning- based methods and finally present the major challenges in this area.
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Isakowitsch, Clara. "How Augmented Reality Beauty Filters Can Affect Self-perception." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 239–50. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26438-2_19.

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AbstractAugmented reality is used on visual social media platforms such as Snapchat and Instagram with filters that can be applied to the user’s face. These filters detect and transform facial features by overlaying digital masks on moving faces. Augmented reality beauty filters (ARB filters) alter the appearance of the face by conforming it to current beauty ideals. Prior to the development of ARB filters selfies could only be enhanced by retroactive photo editing. However, ARB filters adapt to facial features in real time, resulting in a unique digital beautifying process. This qualitative study explores how the use of ARB filters impacts people’s perceptions of themselves. It is based on online interviews that were conducted with eight individuals. The results are analysed within the frameworks of Extended Mind Theory and Enactivism and indicate that ARB filters may have a greater impact on people’s self-perception than retroactive photo editing.
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Kwak, Jeong-gi, David K. Han, and Hanseok Ko. "CAFE-GAN: Arbitrary Face Attribute Editing with Complementary Attention Feature." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 524–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58568-6_31.

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Guan, Wei, Ruoxi Wang, and Li Ma. "Efficient Face Editing Generation Adversarial Networks Fused with Coordinate Attention." In Advances in Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, 746–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89698-0_77.

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Wang, Kaili, Jose Oramas, and Tinne Tuytelaars. "Multiple Exemplars-Based Hallucination for Face Super-Resolution and Editing." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2020, 258–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69541-5_16.

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Zhang, Gang, Meina Kan, Shiguang Shan, and Xilin Chen. "Generative Adversarial Network with Spatial Attention for Face Attribute Editing." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2018, 422–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01231-1_26.

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Yan, Peizhi, James Gregson, Qiang Tang, Rabab Ward, Zhan Xu, and Shan Du. "NEO-3DF: Novel Editing-Oriented 3D Face Creation and Reconstruction." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2022, 72–88. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26319-4_5.

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Majumdar, Puspita, Akshay Agarwal, Mayank Vatsa, and Richa Singh. "Facial Retouching and Alteration Detection." In Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection, 367–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_17.

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AbstractOn the social media platforms, the filters for digital retouching and face beautification have become a common trend. With the availability of easy-to-use image editing tools, the generation of altered images has become an effortless task. Apart from this, advancements in the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) leads to creation of realistic facial images and alteration of facial images based on the attributes. While the majority of these images are created for fun and beautification purposes, they may be used with malicious intent for negative applications such as deepnude or spreading visual fake news. Therefore, it is important to detect digital alterations in images and videos. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of existing algorithms for retouched and altered image detection. Further, multiple experiments are performed to highlight the open challenges of alteration detection.
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Freni, Biagio, Gian Luca Marcialis, and Fabio Roli. "Template Selection by Editing Algorithms: A Case Study in Face Recognition." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 745–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89689-0_78.

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Conference papers on the topic "Face editing":

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Yao, Xu, Gilles Puy, Alasdair Newson, Yann Gousseau, and Pierre Hellier. "High Resolution Face Age Editing." In 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412383.

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Deng, Qiyao, Jie Cao, Yunfan Liu, Zhenhua Chai, Qi Li, and Zhenan Sun. "Reference Guided Face Component Editing." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/70.

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Face portrait editing has achieved great progress in recent years. However, previous methods either 1) operate on pre-defined face attributes, lacking the flexibility of controlling shapes of high-level semantic facial components (e.g., eyes, nose, mouth), or 2) take manually edited mask or sketch as an intermediate representation for observable changes, but such additional input usually requires extra efforts to obtain. To break the limitations (e.g. shape, mask or sketch) of the existing methods, we propose a novel framework termed r FACE (Reference Guided FAce Component Editing) for diverse and controllable face component editing with geometric changes. Specifically, r-FACE takes an image inpainting model as the backbone, utilizing reference images as conditions for controlling the shape of face components. In order to encourage the framework to concentrate on the target face components, an example-guided attention module is designed to fuse attention features and the target face component features extracted from the reference image. Through extensive experimental validation and comparisons, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
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Gao, Yue, Fangyun Wei, Jianmin Bao, Shuyang Gu, Dong Chen, Fang Wen, and Zhouhui Lian. "High-Fidelity and Arbitrary Face Editing." In 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.01585.

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Shu, Zhixin, Ersin Yumer, Sunil Hadap, Kalyan Sunkavalli, Eli Shechtman, and Dimitris Samaras. "Neural Face Editing with Intrinsic Image Disentangling." In 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2017.578.

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Huang, Fan, Dongming Zhou, Rencan Nie, Guanghui Cai, Kangjian He, and Quan Wang. "Portrait editing on face fusion using LP." In 2017 IEEE 9th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsn.2017.8230325.

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Sun, Jingxiang, Xuan Wang, Yong Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Qi Zhang, Yebin Liu, and Jue Wang. "FENeRF: Face Editing in Neural Radiance Fields." In 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.00752.

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Antal, Laszlo, and Zalan Bodo. "Feature axes orthogonalization in semantic face editing." In 2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccp53602.2021.9733549.

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Yin, Xiangnan, Di Huang, Hongyu Yang, Zehua Fu, Yunhong Wang, and Liming Chen. "Pixel Sampling for Style Preserving Face Pose Editing." In 2020 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304867.

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Jiang, Kaiwen, Shu-Yu Chen, Feng-Lin Liu, Hongbo Fu, and Lin Gao. "NeRFFaceEditing: Disentangled Face Editing in Neural Radiance Fields." In SA '22: SIGGRAPH Asia 2022. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550469.3555377.

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Huang, Zhizhong, Siteng Ma, Junping Zhang, and Hongming Shan. "Adaptive Nonlinear Latent Transformation for Conditional Face Editing." In 2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv51070.2023.01922.

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Reports on the topic "Face editing":

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Zarate, Sebastian, Ilaria Cimadori, Maria Mercedes Roca, Michael S. Jones, and Katie Barnhill-Dilling. Assessment of the Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Agricultural Gene Editing via CRISPR-based Technologies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004904.

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Genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for breeding crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly helping address the effects of climate change (Kuiken, Barrangou, and Grieger 2021). These promises come alongside environmental, cultural, and socio-economic risks. Including concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with technological developments and are ill-equipped, or not well suited to evaluate risks new genome editing tools may introduce. Understanding these complex, dynamic interactions across the LAC region is important to inform appropriate and acceptable regional governance and investment strategies. The power and promise of gene editing, CRISPR specifically, were first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s (Anzalone, Koblan, and Liu 2020). Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life (Anzalone, Koblan, and Liu 2020). Gene editing is not a singular technology or technique; it refers most often to a set of techniques that enable the manipulation of a genome with greater precision than previous iterations of genetic engineering (Shukla-Jones, Friedrichs, and Winickoff 2018b). The Inter-American Development Bank partnered with North Carolina State Universitys Genetic Engineering and Society (GES) Center to assess the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene-editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. The project studied the following core components: Current Policy Evaluation: Understanding what the future may hold requires a critical examination of the current status of the regulatory landscape. Analysis of the existing regulatory systems for agricultural biotechnologies throughout Latin America and how they included considerations for novel biotechnology strategies such as gene editing through CRISPR technologies were done. Forecasting and Future Policy Scenario Analysis: Potential products created through gene editing may face very different situations on the ground, depending on countries diverse regulations and market structures. To clarify the potential impacts of regulatory reforms, we included concrete case studies in our analysis. Identifying investment priorities: The diversity of the region naturally means that countries will have unique priorities and needs with respect to investment in agricultural biotechnology development and regulatory infrastructure. The document evaluates the accomplishments of the region in the development of gene edited products, highlighting both private and public sector innovations.
2

Caton, Howell. Editing a Distributed Fact Base With an ORG Chart. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393474.

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Balsa, Ana, Juanita Bloomfield, and Alejandro Cid. The Replication of a Parenting Behavioral Change Communication Intervention during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Too Much or Too Little Information? Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004682.

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Parenting programs can improve experiences during the early years and generate long-term outcomes in variables such as employment, health, education, and salary. The need to scale up parenting programs has driven the implementation of interventions based on communication technologies and behavioral economics. This paper compares two impact evaluations of the Positive Parenting program in 2018 and a fully remote adaptation of the program in 2020. The evaluation of the first edition, which included an intensive face-to-face parenting workshop and emails, found significant increases in parental involvement and in the quality of child-caregiver interaction. The evaluation of the second edition of the program, which only included the sending of remote messages and was carried out in the context of the pandemic, does not find statistically significant effects, except in variables such as equal cooperation in parenting tasks within the household and socialization activities. The difference in results could be explained by the absence of an in-person workshop, the greater extension of the messages and the attention divided between multiple sources of stress and distractions observed during the second edition.
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DEFENSE ENERGY SUPPORT CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA. Defense Energy Support Center Fact Book, Fiscal Year 2008, Thirty-First Edition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519360.

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DEFENSE ENERGY SUPPORT CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA. Defense Energy Support Center Fact Book, Fiscal Year 1999, Twenty-Second Edition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada472175.

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ROUSIER, Aline. Implementation of WOAH standards: the Observatory Annual Report. First Edition, 2022. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/obs.3339.

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The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) regularly updates its international standards in accordance with new scientific information and technological advances. These standards contribute to improving animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health, and facilitate the safe trade of animals and animal products. However, many WOAH Members face challenges in implementing them. It is important for WOAH to understand to what extent our standards are being implemented, and identify the barriers to their implementation. This knowledge will help us improve the standard-setting process and better support our Members in the future.
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Ruckman, K. Solar Powering Your Community: A Guide for Local Governments, 2nd Edition (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010454.

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Echegoyen, Luis, Huai N. Cheng, and Bonnie Charpentier. Greetings from the American Chemical Society. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00005.

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As the 2019, 2020, and 2021 presidents of the American Chemical Society (ACS), it is our pleasure to extend our well-wishes to the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) in the inaugural issue of AsiaChem. ACS is proud to support the efforts of partner chemical societies around the world, particularly regional collaborators like FACS. The creation of this publication is a monumental step for FACS and we are pleased to be a part of this historic edition.
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Mooney, Henry, David Rosenblatt, Monique Graham, Natasha Richardson, María Cecilia Acevedo, Stefano Pereira, Khamal Clayton, Cloe Ortiz de Mendívil, and Victor Gauto. Caribbean Economics Quarterly: Volume 11, Issue 2: Finance for Firms: Options for Improving Access and Inclusion. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004392.

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This edition of the Caribbean Economics Quarterly (Q2-2022) is a collaboration between the IDBs Caribbean Country Department and IDB Invest, which focuses on firms access to finance. The report begins by considering both the nature and history of the regions financial sector development, highlighting key measures of financial access and adequacy. It then leverages enterprise survey data developed by the Compete Caribbean partnership to assess legacy and emerging challenges facing firms from across the region, including those owned and/or operated by women. Newly available data from 2020 are compared with a previous vintage of the surveys from 2014, providing important insights into how circumstances have evolved, especially considering the COVID-19 shock. The analysis suggests that: (i) financial sectors and firms across the Caribbean face outsized challenges, particularly when compared to peers across the globe; (ii) the COVID-19 crisis appears to have further constrained access to finance; (iii) smaller firms appear to face more significant hurdles than larger ones; and, (iv) women-owned and/or operated firms face more severe challenges with respect to financial access than other firms across the region. Policies and reforms with the potential to improve financial development, access, and inclusion are highlighted, as well as successful examples of IDB support and collaboration in related areas across the Latin American and Caribbean region.
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Dubey, Manish, Aromar Revi, Deepika Jha, Amlanjyoti Goswami, Kavita Wankhade, and Amir Bazaz. Pathways Towards Future-Ready Indian Cities: Summary of Discussions. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ptfric01.2023.

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The eighth edition of the UPD was held over 29-30 November 2022 at IIHS’ Bengaluru City Campus. The convening explored Pathways towards Futureready Indian Cities. This was in recognition of the key role Indian cities have in realising the country’s ambitious economic, developmental, and environmental goals, the serious legacy and emergent challenges they face, and, therefore, the need for reflection on the development agendas that they need to prioritise and pursue. The focus of discussions was on five themes that will determine the preparedness of Indian cities to power rapid, equitable, and sustainable growth and development: next generation urban governance; improving municipal finances; synergising land governance and real estate regulation; accelerating urban infrastructure and service delivery; and decarbonisation.

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