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Aldoghmi, Hamzah S. "R2P and Refugee Protection: Framing the Responsibility to Protect Prima Facie Refugees Fleeing Mass Atrocity Crimes." Global Responsibility to Protect 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 104–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-01101006.
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Recently, there has been increasing recognition that the Responsibility to Protect principle (R2P) and refugee protection are inextricably linked and conceptually connected. The question remains, however, whether the link between the two protection frameworks can provide a basis for the protection of prima facie refugees fleeing mass atrocity crimes. This article identifies that prima facie refugees have the right to protection irrespective of where they arrive. It finds that the prima facie provision is one that exists under international refugee law and is highly relevant to the R2P principle. R2P facilitates a framework of prima facie protection, but it must include the political and legal norms of R2P and international refugee law. The article argues that expanding the idea of R2P and refugee protection as an interlinked agenda offers a protection-oriented framework to address the protection needs of prima facie refugees fleeing mass atrocity crimes.
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Burkard, Thorsten. "Schrieb Cato dicae und faciae oder dice und facie?" Hermes 146, no. 2 (2018): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/hermes-2018-0017.
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Saifuddin, Suhaizad, Azam Mohd Shariff, and Muhamad Helmi Md. Said. "PEMAKAIAN PRIMA FACIE DI AKHIR KES PENDAKWAAN JENAYAH SYARIAH DI MALAYSIA: ISU DAN PENYELESAIAN." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp395-413.
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Latar belakang dan tujuan: Terdapat dua peringkat perbicaraan kes jenayah syariah yang berkaitan dengan pemakaian darjah pembuktian iaitu pada akhir kes pendakwaan dan kes pembelaan. Peruntukan undang-undang yang tidak jelas berkaitan darjah pembuktian di akhir kes pendakwaan telah menyebabkan pemakaian darjah pembuktian yang tidak seragam. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemakaian prima facie sebagai darjah pembuktian di akhir kes pendakwaan jenayah syariah. Selain itu, kajian ini juga cuba untuk mengenalpasti faktor-faktor yang mendorong kepada pemakaian prima facie bagi kes jenayah syariah di negara ini.
Metodologi: Data diperolehi melalui bahan-bahan dokumentasi seperti statut perundangan, kes-kes yang dilaporkan dan yang tidak dilaporkan. Di samping itu, kajian ini telah menemubual enam orang pengamal undang-undang syariah yang berpengalaman luas yang terdiri daripada empat orang hakim syarie, seorang pendakwa syarie dan seorang peguam syarie bagi mendapatkan penjelasan dan pandangan. Data dan maklumat yang diperolehi dianalisis menerusi instrumen analisis kandungan secara kritis dan kritikal.
Dapatan Kajian: Dapatan penulisan mendapati pemakaian prima facie bagi kes jenayah syariah adalah tidak sesuai dan kurang tepat. Ini kerana frasa prima facie tidak diperuntukkan dalam undang-undang dan hukum syarak.
Sumbangan: Hasil kajian ini penting dalam memberikan penjelasan kepada pengamal undang-undang syariah supaya darjah pembuktian yang sesuai dengan prinsip syariah dapat di aplikasi pada akhir peringkat pendakwaan kes jenayah syariah bagi menggantikan pemakaian prima facie selaras dengan kehendak undang-undang dan roh prinsip jenayah syariah.
Kata kunci: Beban pembuktian, darjah pembuktian, isu, jenayah syariah, prima facie.
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: There are two stages in the trial of shariah criminal cases related to the application of the degree of evidence, namely at the end of the prosecution case and the defense case. There is an ambiguity in the provision of laws with regards to the burden of proof at the end of prosecution case. This paper aims to analyze the prima facie application of the degree of proof at the end of the prosecution case in the shariah criminal justice. Besides, this paper aims to identify the factors of the prima facie application in the shariah criminal cases in the country.
Methodology: Data were obtained through documentation materials such as statutes, reported cases and unreported cases. Six experienced shariah law practitioners including four shariah judges, a shariah prosecutor and a shariah lawyer were interviewed to obtain their view and clarifications. The data were analyzed using a critical and analytical content analysis approach.
Findings: The study found that prima facie used in the shariah criminal cases was inappropriate and inaccurate as the meaning of prima facie has never been clearly clarified by shariah law.
Contributions: The findings of this study are useful in guiding shariah law practitioners so that a degree of proof that is in accordance with shariah principles can be applied at the end of the criminal prosecution stage to replace prima facie application in accordance with the legal requirements and the spirit of the principles of shariah criminal justice.
Keywords: Burden of proof, issues, prima facie, shariah crime, standard of proof.
Cite as: Saifuddin, S., Mohd Shariff, A. A., & Md. Said, M. H. (2020). Pemakaian prima facie di akhir kes pendakwaan jenayah syariah di Malaysia: Isu dan penyelesaian [Application of prima facie case at the end of prosecution case in the syariah criminal justice: Issues and solutions]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 395-413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp395-413
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Sabarudin, Shadli, Aishah Mohd Nor, and Rafeah Saidon. "An Analysis of Prima Facie Evidence Based on Qarinah's Conviction in Matrimonial Offenses in the Selangor Syariah Court." Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcis.v8i2.6.
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A claim before the Syariah court aims to either attest one's right or interest over a particular matter or defend such interest against the claiming party. At this juncture, the onus of proof lies with the party initiating the claim. In the context of Syariah Criminal Law, a Syarie Prosecutor has the discretionary power to bring a criminal claim against the accused in cases pertaining to Syariah offences, be it criminal or matrimonial, should there exist a strong qarinah that successfully establishes a prima facie case. However, there has been a lack of guidelines in proving prima facie in cases relating to matrimonial offences. Therefore, this study examines the methods of establishing prima facie based on qarinah in matrimonial cases, particularly in cases decided by the Syariah Courts of Selangor. For data collection, the researchers employ qualitative methods through analysis of legal documents, case files from the Syariah Court, and its ratio decidendis. The findings of this study show that matrimonial offences are considered criminal offences under the Islamic Family Law (State of Selangor) Enactment 2003. Hence, a case is considered a strong establishment of qarinah, sufficient to indicate prima facie for matrimonial offences, enabling the Syarie Prosecutor to prosecute the accused. Despite that, the qarinah itself must reach the degree of confidence, or al-zan al-ghalib, and not at the level of assumption, doubt, and waham. The authors believe this study may open doors to further discussions on Islamic Family Law, specifically in proving a prima facie case for matrimonial offences. Sesuatu dakwaan yang dilakukan di Mahkamah Syariah, pada asasnya bertujuan untuk menuntut hak atau kepentingan terhadap sesuatu perkara, ataupun bertujuan mempertahankan kepentingan tersebut daripada pihak yang mempertikai. Beban pembuktian terhadap sesuatu pendakwaan terletak atas pihak yang mendakwa. Dalam konteks jenayah di Mahkamah Syariah, seorang Pendakwa Syarie boleh mendakwa Orang Kena Tuduh (OKT) dalam kes yang melibatkan jenayah syariah atau kesalahan matrimoni apabila wujud qarinah yang kuat (prima facie). Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembuktian prima facie berdasarkan sabitan qarinah dalam kesalahan matrimoni di Mahkamah Syariah Selangor. Permasalahan kajian ialah tiada panduan bertulis bagi proses membuktikan kes prima facie dalam kesalahan matrimoni. Objektif kajian ialah menganalisis pembuktian prima facie dalam kesalahan matrimoni. Bagi tujuan pengumpulan data, pengkaji telah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu kaedah analisis dokumen, fail-fail Mahkamah Syariah serta alasan penghakiman. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kesalahan matrimoni merupakan jenayah di bawah Enakmen Undang-undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Selangor) 2003 (EUKIS 2003) yang tertulis sebagai kertas pertuduhan dan fakta kes dan menjadi sabitan qarinah yang kuat (prima facie) bagi seorang Pendakwa Syarie untuk mendakwa OKT. Kesimpulan kajian ialah qarinah dalam kertas pertuduhan dan fakta kes merupakan beban bukti ke atas Pendakwa Syarie untuk mewujudkan kes prima facie terhadap kesalahan OKT. Namun begitu, qarinah tersebut mesti mencapai tahap yang yakin atau al-zan al-ghalib, bukan pada tahap zan, syak dan waham. Kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada penerokaan ilmu Undang-undang Keluarga Islam khususnya dalam membuktikan kes prima facie terhadap kesalahan matrimoni selain daripada kes jenayah syariah.
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Wellington Gahtan, Maia. "Reading Pontano’s “libretto co’ fogli di marmo”." Opus Incertum 8, no. 1 (November 26, 2022): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/opus-14070.
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This article explores Pontano’s funerary tempietto in Naples as a building in which inscribed text supplants the public functions normally accomplished through figural art. According special attention to the twelve sententiae which form the bulk of the exterior inscriptions – the facciate parlanti – the author highlights the uniqueness of placing a collection of ancient maxims on public display and demonstrates how Pontano’s printed gallery actively promotes dialogue with its visitors, embracing conversation, exchange and, ultimately, introspection as much as it celebrates the virtues of the deceased. While all of the sententiae draw from ancient literature and are consonant with Pontano’s moral treatises, only one, “know yourself” derives from the facade of a known building: the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Combined with the chapel’s physical source in a Greek-styled freestanding cenotaph for Herodes Atticus’ wife, Anna Regilla, on the Via Appia, such a conceptual source from ancient Greek thought underscores the Greek, Socratic, Neoplatonic, conversational, and communicative contexts in which Pontano desired his tempietto to be read.
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García Yzaguirre, Víctor. "«Prima facie»." EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, no. 23 (September 16, 2022): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2022.7123.
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El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y caracterizar brevemente las maneras en que los juristas entienden el carácter prima facie de una norma. Para ello reconstruiré los dos sentidos que la literatura especializada usualmente le atribute: i) como una forma de presentar un problema de falta de información sobre el alcance de la norma (prima facie en sentido epistémico); y ii) como una forma de presentar un problema de indeterminación generado por la falta de ordenación entre normas (prima facie en sentido normativo).
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Freiman, Christopher, and Javier Hidalgo. "Liberalism or Immigration Restrictions, but Not Both." Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 10, no. 2 (June 7, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v10i2.99.
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This paper argues for a dilemma: you can accept liberalism or immigration restrictions, but not both. More specifically, the standard arguments for restricting freedom of movement apply equally to textbook liberal freedoms, such as freedom of speech, religion, occupation and reproductive choice. We begin with a sketch of liberalism’s core principles and an argument for why freedom of movement is plausibly on a par with other liberal freedoms. Next we argue that, if a state’s right to self-determination grounds a prima facie right to restrict immigration, then it also grounds a prima facie right to restrict freedom of speech, religion, sexual choice and more. We then suggest that the social costs associated with freedom of immigration are also costs associated with occupational choice, speech and reproduction. Thus, a state’s interest in reducing these costs gives it prima facie justification to restrict not only immigration but also other core liberal freedoms. Moreover, we rebut the objection that, even if the standard arguments for a prima facie right to restrict immigration also support a prima facie right to restrict liberal freedoms generally, there are differences that render immigration restrictions – but not restrictions on speech, religion, etc. – justified all things considered. In closing, we suggest that the theoretical price of supporting immigration restrictions – viz., compromising a commitment to liberal principles – is too steep to pay.
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Fachin, Zulmar. "Editorial." Revista do Instituto de Direito Constitucional e Cidadania 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): e015. http://dx.doi.org/10.48159/revistadoidcc.v5n2.fachin.
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A Revista do Instituto de Direito Constitucional e Cidadania (IDCC) apresenta, neste ato, seu v. 6, n. 2. Há três anos seguidos e ininterruptos, a revista é publicada semestralmente, embora sua origem seja bastante antiga, remontando às publicações realizadas ainda em 2005.
O IDCC é fruto de um ideário academicamente elevado. Ao longo de quase 20 anos, constituiu-se em um privilegiado espaço de reflexões, estudos e debates acadêmicos inovadores. Nessa trajetória no tempo, merece destaque a realização de 41 cursos de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu, 19 Congressos de abrangência nacional e 17 encontros científicos. Tudo isso gerou publicações de livros, revistas, anais e cadernos de resumos, ficando registrada, assim, boa parte do vasto trabalho realizado.
Ao longo desses anos, o Instituto foi reunindo em seu entorno um número expressivo de destacados juristas do Brasil e do exterior, alguns dos quais com atuações marcantes da Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu e na própria CAPES (área do Direito). Diante da imensa contribuição acadêmica recebida, o IDCC enaltece os seus Membros Honorários: Alberto de Paula Machado (OAB Nacional), Carlos Mário da Silva Velloso (STF), Dalmo de Abreu Dallari (USP), Flávio Pansieri (ABDConst), Francesco Rubino (Itália), Francisco Rezek (STF), Gonçalo de Melo Bandeira (Portugal), José Augusto Delgado (STJ), J. J. Gomes Canotilho (Portugal), Luiz Alberto David Araujo (PUCSP), Luiz Edson Fachin (STF), Luís Roberto Barroso (STF), Michele Carducci (Itália), Nely Lopes Casali (UEL), Paulo Ferreira da Cunha (Portugal), Pietro Lora Jesús Alarcón (PUCSP) e René Ariel Dotti (UFPR).
A partir deste momento, em uma perspectiva estritamente acadêmica, a Revista do Instituto de Direito Constitucional e Cidadania passa a estar inserida em um projeto de desenvolvimento do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em "Direito, Sociedade e Tecnologias", da Escola de Direito das Faculdades Londrina, o qual foi aprovado pela CAPES, neste ano de 2020. Neste sentido, ela pretende ser depositária de pesquisas realizadas na Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, cujos resultados para a Ciência tem sido marcantes em nosso País, embora ainda reste muito a ser feito.
A revista reafirma seu inarredável comprometimento científico. Em todas as edições até aqui produzidas, constam, em cada volume, 14 artigos (sendo 7 internos e, igualmente, 7 externos), todos elaborados por, pelo menos, um Professor Doutor. Desse modo, a revista tem recebido contribuições científicas importantes de pesquisadores de diversos estados da Federação e do Distrito Federal. O intercâmbio de conhecimentos e o diálogo com os mais variados núcleos de estudos e pesquisas contribuem para a democratização do conhecimento científico. Nesse contexto, as revistas científicas cumprem papel de extraordinária importância para disseminação do conhecimento científico produzido.
Vale registrar, por fim, que o ano de 2020 ficará, indelevelmente, marcado na lembrança e na alma de cada pessoa, tanto no Brasil como ao redor do mundo. A pandemia que ceifou - e continua a ceifar - vidas humanas e desestruturou famílias nunca mais irá se apagar da memória de cada um de nós. É imperioso reafirmar - uma vez mais e quantas forem necessárias - que a Ciência desempenha papel inigualável para o desenvolvimento qualitativo das pessoas e da própria sociedade.
Agradecemos a todos(as) os(as) docentes e pesquisadores(as) que contribuíram para que mais uma edição da revista pudesse se tornar realidade.
Londrina (PR), verão de 2020.
Prof. Dr. Zulmar Fachin
Editor
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І., Гніденко В., and Скупінський О. В. "PRIMA FACIE ДОКАЗИ У ПРАКТИЦІ ЄСПЛ." Актуальні проблеми права: теорія і практика, no. 1 (39) (April 21, 2020): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/2218-5461-2020-39-1-110-118.
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У статті досліджено питання доказування у структурі рішень Європейського суду з прав людини. Зокрема, основну увагу приділено використанню обставини «prima facie» через призму рішень Європейського суду з прав людини, які ілюструють можливі ситуації у яких доречно користуватися даною обставиною. Використання обставини «prima facie» безпосередньо пов’язане з покладенням тягаря доведення зі сторони позивача на сторону відповідача. Увага до інституту доказування з урахуванням обставини «prima facie» пов'язане з тією фундаментальною роллю, яку вона продовжує грати в міжнародному правосудді, така практика Європейського суду з прав людини направлена на справедливу організацію судової системи, коли законодавчо регламентовані і дотримувані на практиці гарантії пропорційні законним очікуванням суспільства.
Ключові слова: правосуддя, доказування, тягар доказування судовий розгляд, практика ЄСПЛ.
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Miles, Margaret R. "“Facie ad Faciem”: Visuality, Desire, and the Discourse of the Other." Journal of Religion 87, no. 1 (January 2007): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/508387.
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Baychev, Iliyan. "The Prima Facie Requirement in Procedures for Granting Interim Measures Before the Court of Justice of the European Union." De Jure 13, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/gwds3997.
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This article analyzes the powers of the Court of Justice of the European Union to evaluate the prima facie case in the course of proceedings under Articles 278 and 279 of the TFEU when granting interim measures. It examines the CJEU’s case law to determine what “prima facie” means in the context of the prohibition to prejudge the main case.
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Olsen, Kristian. "Ross and the particularism/generalism divide." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 44, no. 1 (February 2014): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2014.891691.
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W. D. Ross is commonly considered to be a generalist about prima facie duty but a particularist about absolute duty. That is, many philosophers hold that Ross accepts that there are true moral principles involving prima facie duty but denies that there are any true moral principles involving absolute duty. I agree with the former claim: Ross surely accepts prima facie moral principles. However, in this paper, I challenge the latter claim. Ross, I argue, is no more a particularist about absolute duty than a utilitarian or a Kantian is. While this conclusion is interesting in its own right, it is also important, I argue, because it prevents us from overlooking Ross’s criterion of moral obligation and because it may have implications on the broader debate between particularists and generalists.
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Rezende Melo, Eduardo. "Virtualizzazione e funzione sociale della giustizia: l'impatto del Covid-19 sul modo di organizzare la Giustizia dell'Infanzia e della Gioventù in Brasile e i dilemmi dal punto di vista socio-storico e valutativo." MINORIGIUSTIZIA, no. 4 (June 2021): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mg2020-004018.
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L'articolo riassume l'impatto del Covid-19 nel Sistema Giudiziario Brasiliano con l'obiettivo di discutere la proposta di completa virtualizzazione della Giustizia. Con riferimento a questa proposta, l'articolo affronta alcune sfide specifiche per la virtualizzazione: le caratteristiche del pubblico della Giustizia minorile e giovanile e le diverse esperienze sulla de-territorializzazione; il contatto faccia a faccia e la sua importanza per la partecipazione dei minori, il legame tra territorializzazione e coordinamento. L'articolo sostiene l'idea che la virtualizzazione può servire valori diversi (economici e manageriali o democratici e inclusivi) e il dibattito su queste alternative dovrebbe coinvolgere un pubblico più ampio delle sole organizzazioni legali.
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SHAVER, ROBERT. "Ross on Self and Others." Utilitas 26, no. 3 (June 20, 2014): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820814000132.
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Ross suggests a trilemma: (i)Innocent pleasure is good as an end.(ii)I have a prima facie duty to produce what is good as an end.(iii)I have no prima facie duty to produce innocent pleasure for myself. In The Right and the Good, he denies (iii). In Foundations of Ethics, he denies (i). Neither of these solutions is satisfactory. One ought instead to deny (ii). I close by considering a similar trilemma concerning justice.
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Hardman, Ivar. "In Defense of Direct Action." Journal of Controversial Ideas 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/jci01010002.
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There is widespread agreement that coercive force may be used to prevent people from seriously and wrongfully harming others. But what about when those others are non-human animals? Some militant animal rights activists endorse the use of violent coercion against those who would otherwise harm animals. In the philosophical literature on animal ethics, however, theirs is a stance that enjoys little direct support. I contend that such coercion is nevertheless prima facie morally permissible. I defend this contention by arguing (a) that from the point of view of common sense morality, it is prima facie permissible to use coercive force to prevent puppies from being wrongfully mutilated and (b) that this point clearly extends to other kinds of animals and to other kinds of seriously harmful practices. I then show that there is, as a result of (b), presumptive moral justification for some of the highly controversial instances of direct action undertaken by the Animal Liberation Front and similar groups of militant animal rights activists. I close by arguing that pragmatic considerations override most proposals to undertake direct action, even when the proposed actions are prima facie morally permissible. Indeed, I conclude that although the use of violent coercion to prevent harm to animals may occasionally be ultima facie permissible, its use is in tension with (and tends to undermine) the broader agenda of the animal rights movement.
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Liu, Wei Fu, Shuang Long Liu, and Hong Ying Han. "Depositional Model and Development Significance of Clastic Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1245.
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A general geologic sedimentation model for reservoir is made by carefully analyzing the inberent essence of depositional environmentand for clastic rocks of lake basin. The basic model in the streaming environment is composed of two basic facies units: one is the waterway facie and the other is non-waterway facie. The principal characteristics of developing geology and sedimentology have been outlined. It can be commonly used in developing under-producted reserves and raising recovery ratio in the highly developed oil fields.
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SÜMER, EMRE, and MUSTAFA TURKER. "AUTOMATED EXTRACTION OF PHOTOREALISTIC FACADE TEXTURES FROM SINGLE GROUND-LEVEL BUILDING IMAGES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 28, no. 04 (June 2014): 1455007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001414550076.
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An integrated approach is presented for the automatic extraction of photorealistic facade textures from single street-level building images. The initial facade texture is extracted using Watershed segmentation. The seed pixels (markers) to trigger the segmentation are located automatically both for the foreground (facade) and the background regions, and the segmentation is carried out repetitively until the facade texture is extracted. The extracted facade image is geometrically rectified using a developed automatic technique based on Hough transformation and interest point detection. The occluded areas on facade textures are restored by employing an image matching-based procedure. The approach was tested on two different datasets captured from the residential areas of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The datasets contain a total of 40 building facade images that were taken from the street-level. The results indicate that the facade textures are extracted adequately. For facade image extraction, an average quantitative accuracy of 83% was achieved. For rectification, 24 out of 40 buildings provided the positional error under 10 pixels at 95% confidence level. The subjective assessment of facade restoration yielded the mean rating value of 2.46 for the datasets used, in which the rating values are ranked between 1 for "Excellent" and 6 for "Unusable".
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Hashidzume, Akihito, Takuya Shimomachi, and Takahiro Sato. "Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis Study on the Interaction of an Amphiphilic Alternating Copolymer with Triton X-100." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/617981.
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The interaction of amphiphilic alternating copolymers of sodium maleate and dodecyl vinyl ether (Mal/C12) with a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX), was investigated by frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (FACCE). The binding isotherms obtained from FACCE data were indicative of weak cooperative interaction for all the polymers examined. The cooperative interaction was also analyzed by the Hill model, and the results were compared with the previous results on the interaction of statistical copolymers of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate andN-dodecylmethacrylamide with TX.
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Ahmad, Zeina, and Bashar H. Malkawi. "The burden and order of proof in WTO claims: evolving issues." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-10-2016-0090.
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Purpose The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the best dispute settlement mechanisms in the world. Under WTO rules, aggrieved parties must establish a “prima facie” case before the panel can call on the offending party to respond to the claims. The objective of the present study is to critically evaluate the application of the concept of burden of proof under WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines the rule of “prima facie” in WTO jurisprudence. To do so, the first part will focus on the development of dispute settlement within WTO. The second part is divided into several subsections that will focus on the burden of proof concept, burden of proof in common law, burden of proof in civil law and the prima facie standard. Findings The DSU does not explicitly regulate how to allocate the burden of proof, but panels and the AB needed to address that issue early in their history. Despite this, all aggrieved parties to establish a prima facie case before the case can become the subject of a panel hearing. There is a need to adopt a burden of proof standard that assesses evidence on the basis of preponderance of the available evidence rather than on the basis of a party’s failure to adduce evidence to back up or dispute a claim. Originality/value The paper is an attempt to address an important issue on the presentation of evidence and proof in international litigation, i.e. WTO.
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Radkevych, A. V., T. V. Tkach, and K. M. Netesa. "DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR CHOOSING A RATIONAL FACADE SYSTEM OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 6(90) (April 8, 2021): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2020/225268.
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Purpose. The authors aimed to form an algorithm for choosing a rational facade system for a specific construction site, taking into account climatic, organizational-technological and operational properties, applicable to use by any participant in the construction process. Methodology. The criteria for choosing a rational facade system were determined. The state of choosing and applicability of modern facade systems for new construction and overhaul in Ukraine was analyzed. Based on certain factors influencing the choice of the most rational facade system of a multi-storey residential or public building the authors formed a convenient and objective algorithm for choosing a facade system, taking into account the main features of the construction object, as well as operating parameters. The algorithm was adapted to practical application. Findings. The influence of the parameters of choosing facade system on the process of arrangement, operation and repair of the modern facade system is established. The obtained algorithm for choosing a rational facade system by an estimation of values of influence factors in activity of the leading design organizations of Dnipro was successfully tested. By passing the appropriate algorithms at the joint meetings of the designer, customer and contractor, the most rational facade systems were found for specific construction projects with significant objectivity of choice. The adaptability of the algorithm by discarding minor factors leads to increased visibility of the process of choosing a facade system. Originality. The regularity of the influence of a number of organizational-technological and operational factors on the process of choosing a rational facade system is established. The efficiency of determining the appropriate system for specific construction conditions has been increased, taking into account the peculiarities of operation and purpose of the building. Practical value. The participant of construction by passing a simple algorithm has the opportunity to clearly assess the influence of organizational, technological and operational factors on the choice of a rational facade system. By evaluating the parameters of the corresponding factors, the most rational facade system for a particular object was determined. As a result, the cost of operation of the facade system is significantly reduced while optimizing the duration of repair periods and improving the working conditions of the components of the facade system.
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Cao, Xi, Katsuhiko Nawa, Baoyin Song, Ryo Aonuma, and Naoki Kurosawa. "The Solar Heat Cutting Performance of Double-Skin Facades." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 3 (May 16, 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2022.7.3.2809.
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The solar heat cutting performance of double-skin facades was analyzed in this paper. A physical model was built to calculate the thermal characteristics of double-skin facades. The effects of location, floor height, facade facing direction, blind slice angle, and skin style on solar heat cutting were investigated. The results show that double-skin facades can effectively cut the heat flux entering room, especially for west facing facade. Comparing with the single-skin facade, the double-skin facade cuts 1410.2 Wh/m2 more heat to enter room for west facing facade in a clear summer day in Nagano, Japan. Floor height mainly influences the outlet air temperature of the facade intermediate space, but not the heat fluxes. Locations somewhat affect the solar fluxes on outer facade surface.
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Leble, Serge, and Rene Cuignon. "El archipiélago de las Islas del Rosario, estudio morfológico, hidrodinámico y sedimentológico." Boletín Científico CIOH, no. 7 (May 1, 1987): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.22.
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El análisis de los sedimentos recogidos en el área del archipiélago de las Islas del Rosario, permitió evidenciar la invasión de una facie carbonácea pro una facie terrígena resultante de la progresión del prodelta del delta del Dique.
La acción combinada de la contra-corriente de Panamá con las corrientes superficiales, favorece durante ciertas épocas del año el transporte de las partículas en suspensión y acrecienta el fenómeno de invasión del archipiélago por las facies terrígenas.
Además, el análisis morfológico permitió encontrar trampas de sedimentos en el archipiélago.
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Napoli, Maria. "Tra (s)cortesia e salvataggio della faccia: l’evidenzialità in Aristofane." Veleia, ´39 (February 21, 2022): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/veleia.22343.
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Questo articolo ha come obiettivo quello di porre in correlazione la teoria della (s)cortesia con l’analisi della categoria linguistica dell’evidenzialità, secondo una prospettiva che non è mai stata adottata negli studi sul greco antico, quantomeno a nostra conoscenza. Attraverso l’analisi di passi tratti da due commedie di Aristofane, Le Nuvole e Lisistrata, cercheremo di dimostrare come la necessità di evitare un attacco alla propria faccia positiva, per tutelare i propri interessi pragmatici e scongiurare situazioni di conflittualità, possa essere un fattore chiave nella scelta di forme di evidenzialità di tipo indiretto o diretto. In quest’ottica, l’evidenzialità può essere interpretata come strategia preventiva di salvataggio della faccia nel contesto del dialogo realizzato sulla scena teatrale.
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Matin, Negar Heidari, Ali Eydgahi, Amin Gharipour, and Payam Matin. "A Novel Framework for Optimizing Indoor Illuminance and Discovering Association of Involved Variables." Buildings 12, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070878.
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The associations between various design variables affecting the visual performance of responsive facade systems are investigated in this study. First, we propose a data-driven approach to study practical aspects of illuminance optimization for responsive facades. In this approach, the hourly indoor illuminance data are combined with the location information to generate an objective function. This function is then utilized to evaluate the visual performance of responsive facade systems by matching a variety of facade angle movements to hourly sunshine patterns. Next, statistical tests were deployed to evaluate the role of design variables in different scenarios. The results provide detailed information about the design variables and their effects on visual comfort at 0.05 significant levels. On average, facade angles, facade configurations, facade orientations, and facade locations were significant in 100%, 41%, 87%, and 45% of different possible combinations of scenarios/variables, respectively.
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Wenzel, Susanne, and Wolfgang Förstner. "FACADE INTERPRETATION USING A MARKED POINT PROCESS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 6, 2016): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-3-363-2016.
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Our objective is the interpretation of facade images in a top-down manner, using a Markov marked point process formulated as a Gibbs process. Given single rectified facade images, we aim at the accurate detection of relevant facade objects as windows and entrances, using prior knowledge about their possible configurations within facade images. We represent facade objects by a simplified rectangular object model and present an energy model, which evaluates the agreement of a proposed configuration with the given image and the statistics about typical configurations, which we learned from training data. We show promising results on different datasets and provide a qualitative evaluation, which demonstrates the capability of complete and accurate detection of facade objects.
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Wenzel, Susanne, and Wolfgang Förstner. "FACADE INTERPRETATION USING A MARKED POINT PROCESS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 6, 2016): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-363-2016.
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Our objective is the interpretation of facade images in a top-down manner, using a Markov marked point process formulated as a Gibbs process. Given single rectified facade images, we aim at the accurate detection of relevant facade objects as windows and entrances, using prior knowledge about their possible configurations within facade images. We represent facade objects by a simplified rectangular object model and present an energy model, which evaluates the agreement of a proposed configuration with the given image and the statistics about typical configurations, which we learned from training data. We show promising results on different datasets and provide a qualitative evaluation, which demonstrates the capability of complete and accurate detection of facade objects.
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Sosa, Ernest. "Moral Relativism, Cognitivism and Defeasible Rules." Social Philosophy and Policy 11, no. 1 (1994): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500004313.
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Naturalism rejects a sui generis and fundamental realm of the evaluative or normative. Thought and talk about the good and the right must hence be understood without appeal to any such evaluative or normative concepts or properties. In Sections I and II, we see noncognitivism step forward with its account of evaluative and normative language as fundamentally optative (that is, expressive of wishes or desires) or prescriptive. Prescriptivism falls afoul of several problems. Prominent among them below is the “problem of prima facie reasons”: the problem, namely that prescriptions do not properly capture the character of defeasibility of the prima facie, featured by nearly all our moral convictions. We find in Section II that, ironically, emotivism, with its emphasis on optative rather than prescriptive language, though historically more primitive, is yet better attuned to that crucial prima facie aspect of the normative and the evaluative. But even emotivism still faces serious difficulties that beset noncognitivism generally, such as the problem of embedding in subordinate clauses, and the problem of normative fallibility. That takes us up to Section III.
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Markosian, Ned. "Rossian Minimalism." Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 4, no. 1 (June 2, 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v4i1.38.
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The main question addressed in this paper is: What is the most promising ethical theory (specifying necessary and sufficient conditions for any action’s being morally right) that can be formulated in terms of the notion of a prima facie duty? I try to show that the answer to this question involves an ethical theory that, despite never having been discussed, is nevertheless worthy of serious consideration. The theory, Rossian Minimalism, says, roughly, that an act, A, is morally right iff no alternative to A would constitute less of a violation of prima facie duties than A.
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Daniels, Charles B. "Having a Future." Dialogue 31, no. 4 (1992): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300016164.
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In a recent article, Don Marquis canvasses the arguments on both sides of the abortion controversy and then puts forward his own argument against abortion:A. To deprive someone of the value of his or her future is prima facie wrong.B. The future an adult has is included in the future of the fetus it developed from.C. Abortion deprives the fetus of the value of its future.D. Therefore, abortion is prima facie wrong.I wish to show that this reasoning in no way settles the issue of whether abortion is wrong. Section 1 concerns premise B, Sections 2 and 3 C, and Section 4 A.Notes
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Shaffer, Michael J., and Jason A. Warnick. "Bursting Bealer's Bubble: How the Starting Points Argument Begs the Question of Foundationalism Against Quine." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 34, no. 1 (March 2004): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2004.10716560.
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In his 1993 article George Bealer offers three separate arguments that are directed against the internal coherence of empiricism, specifically Quine's version of empiricism. In doing so, Bealer identifies three fundamental principles of Quine's empiricism. First, the principle of empiricism states that:(i) A person's experiences and/or observations comprise the person's prima facie evidence.Second, the principle of holism states that:(ii) A theory is justified (acceptable, more reasonable than its competitors, legitimate, warranted) for a person if and only if it is, or belongs to, the simplest comprehensive theory that explains all, or most, of the person's prima facie evidence.
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Dziadosz, Dariusz. "Boże i ludzkie patrzenie według Wj 2,11-25." Verbum Vitae 16 (December 14, 2009): 53–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.1524.
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Quando si parla delia manifestazione visibile di Dio e delia sua grande potenza nella Sacra Scrittura, in visioni profetiche oppure direttamente nella storia del popolo di Israele, si nota subito che non c' e niente che appaghi la curiosita su Dio. Le affermazioni veterotestamentarie sulle teofanie non sono unitarie. Dio appare, faccia a faccia, solo ad Abramo, Isacco, Giacobbe e Mose, ad al tri si manifesta solamente tramite le opere delia sua bonta e giustizia. Per l’Antico Testamento e un fatto scontato che Dio veda e osservi tutti gli uomini per ripagare loro secondo le loro opere. Egli vede la giustizia, ma anche l'ingiustizia, la goia, ma pure il dolore e la sofferenza umana, ed esempre pronto a intervenire quando vengono calpestate regole stabilite da Lui.
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Pernišová, Alena. "Facade Rendering Disorders of Building Envelopes and the Classification the Underlying Factors of Creation Failures." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.15.
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There is a group of building structures having facade rendering as surface finishing, except for a large family of glazing facades and facing facades. This group of structures puts the finishing touches to our everyday space in architectural terms considering not only the colours, but also various facade rendering finishes structure. On the contrary, in practice there are different kinds of facade rendering disorders. In terms of generation of facade rendering disorders, facades rendering sloughing as well as cracks formation within the facade rendering or in blocks and fittings joint areas, which can cause extensive defects, are the biggest problematic issues.
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Penić, Milja, Nikolay Vatin, and Vera Murgul. "Double Skin Facades in Energy Efficient Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.534.
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Double skin facade is one of the possible approaches to bioclimatic design. Bright architectural expression is combined with lots of potential natural heating and ventilation of the internal space of buildings. Double skin facade considered as an element of building heating, ventilation, or, finally, as an element of conditioning in the building. The article provides a classification of Double skin facade, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages Double skin facade.
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Schabowicz, Krzysztof, Paweł Sulik, and Łukasz Zawiślak. "Reduction of Load Capacity of Fiber Cement Board Facade Cladding under the Influence of Fire." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071769.
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The paper analyzes the issue of the reduction of load capacity in fiber cement board during a fire. Fiber cement boards were put under the influence of fire by using a large-scale facade model. Such a model is a reliable source of knowledge about the behavior of facade cladding and the way fire spreads. One technical solution for external walls—a ventilated facade—is gaining popularity and is used more and more often. However, the problem of the destruction during a fire of a range of different materials used in external facade cladding is insufficiently recognized. For this study, the authors used fiber cement boards as the facade cladding. Fiber cement boards are fiber-reinforced composite materials, mainly used for facade cladding, but also used as roof cladding, drywall, drywall ceiling and floorboards. This paper analyzes the effect of fire temperatures on facade cladding using a large-scale facade model. Samples were taken from external facade cladding materials that were mounted on the model at specific locations above the combustion chamber. Subsequently, three-point bending flexural tests were performed and the effects of temperature and the integrals of temperature and time functions on the samples were evaluated. The three-point bending flexural test was chosen because it is a universal method for assessing fiber cement boards, cited in Standard EN 12467. It also allows easy reference to results in other literature.
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Bielek, B., D. Szabo, and J. Klem. "New test equipment for testing the watertightness of facade structures in-situ." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012004.
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Abstract With the current trend of construction of high-rise buildings in urban agglomerations, ensuring watertightness of their facade structures exposed to the effects of high-intensity wind-driven rain is coming to the fore. Laboratory experimental testing of water impermeability of elements of building envelope structures and their joints is performed in the process of preparation of the facade implementation in accordance with STN EN 1027: 2002 in rain chamber equipment. Due to the fact that the quality and functional properties of the finished facade are significantly influenced by the assembly technology and work discipline in its implementation, successful testing of the facade and its components in the rain chamber may not guarantee the watertightness of the finished facade. For this reason, the investor has the opportunity to check the finished facade in terms of its hydrodynamic safety and reliability by a functional test of its watertightness according to the standard regulation STN EN 13051 Curtain walling - Watertightness - Site test. The article describes in detail the new technological device for the implementation of the in-situ watertightness test of the facade, the measurement methodology, including its functional verification on the facade of the high-rise administrative building Nivy Tower in Bratislava.
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Maknun, Johar. "APPLICATION OF THE DOUBLE SKIN FACADE CONCEPT IN AN EFFORT TO INCREASE THE THERMAL COMFORT OF IMAGE STUDIO ROOM." Journal of Architectural Research and Education 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jare.v2i1.24128.
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Abstrak- The development of technology in buildings is one of the factors triggering the acceleration of methods in the facade configuration system. Double Skin Facade (DSF) is one of the building facade concept innovations. The purpose of applying the DSF concept is to optimize the use of energy related to the air conditioning system to obtain thermal comfort in buildings. The results of measurements of the existing condition of the Image Studio room in the morning until 11.00 are included in the optimal comfort category, 11.00 - 13.00 are in the warm comfortable category and starting at 13.00-18.00 tend not to meet thermal comfort. Based on the simulation results the use of Double Skin Facade can reduce the temperature in the room around 3.47oC. With the application of Double Skin Facade in this Image Studio room, it can reduce the heat radiation from sunlight that directly enters through the window because it can be detained first in the double facade. The application of Double Skin Facade can increase the thermal comfort of an Image Studio room. Kata kunci- Double Skin Façade, Thermal Comfort
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Sawyer, Azadeh Omidfar, Mojtaba Navvab, Dan Weissman, and Guanzhou Ji. "Facade Photometry: Linking Annual Daylight Performance to Facade Design." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101556.
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This concept paper illustrates a new simulation method to assess how building facades distribute light into interior spaces and how data from simulation studies can inform design for better facade performance. Facade photometry, a term developed by the authors, uses annual simulations and localized weather data to create temporally based illuminance and luminance distributions. This photometric chart is a unique signature of a particular facade design measured at a specific point in a specific climate. By linking data from the daylight simulation to the facade, the areas of the facade that need to be adjusted for improved performance are highlighted. Facade photometry is intended to allow designers to easily compare the performance of complex building geometry and daylight control systems, thus becoming an efficient tool to further aid designers in creating highly energy-efficient, high-performance, and comfortable building facades.
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Núñez, Liliana Villamil, Lina Quintero Díaz, Lina M. Vera Cala, and Aníbal A. Teherán. "FACCE: Puntaje de Factores Asociados a Consultantes Crónicos del Servicio de Emergencias: Estudio de Casos y Controles." Revista Cuarzo 27, no. 1 (August 13, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26752/cuarzo.v27.n1.537.
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Introducción. Los consultantes crónicos (CC) aumentan el sobrecupo y sobreuso en los servicios de emergencias (SE), y no existen reglas estándar para identificarlos. Nosotros identificamos factores de riesgo (FR) y construimos un puntaje para discriminar CC en los SE (Puntaje FACCE).
Metodología. Con un diseño de Casos[≥10_atenciones/año] y Controles[hospitalarios] seleccionados aleatoriamente de una base de datos con más de 100.000 atenciones/año, se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos de pacientes atendidos en tres SE de una clínica privada de Bucaramanga-Santander. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística (MRL) para identificar FR asociados a CC (ORa;IC95%). Con los z-score de cada FR[MRL] se construyó el puntaje FACCE.
Resultados. Fueron seleccionados 200 casos[CC] y 207 controles, los CC tenían mayor edad (42 años; OR:1.02[1.01-1.03]) y predominantemente, estaban casados o en unión libre [C/UL], tenían planes de atención domiciliaria y fueron hospitalizados (valorP:<0.05). Los FR asociados a CC fueron estado civil C/UL[2.06;1.37-3.11], comorbilidad[2.40;1.52-3.79], enfermedad general no traumática[4.10;2.18-7.71], antecedente de tabaquismo[4.17;1.14-15.1] y las enfermedades primarias: neoplasia[4.32;1.41-13.1], epilepsia[10.6;1.28-87.7], enfermedad mental[3.23;1.46-7.16] y renal crónica[8.18;1.02-65.7]. La mediana[p25-p75] del puntaje FACCE [13.4;9.6-16.8] fue mayor en Casos[16.0;13.0-17.6] Vs Controles[12.6;9.14-13.9] (∆ 3.79[IC95%, 3.26-4.29]) (AUC: 0.78; OR: 1.23;1.14-1.32; valorP:<0.001).
Discusión. Identificamos FR sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados a CC, que conjuntamente[puntaje_FACCE] demostraron utilidad para discriminarlos en los SE. Nuevas investigaciones permitirán una validación externa del FACCE, así como una mejoría en las capacidades operativas y calibración para discriminar CC de los SE.
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Sezegen, Aysegul, and Ecem Edis. "Product innovation types: a discussion considering building facade products." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2379–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2018-0454.
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PurposeIn the construction industry, building facade systems are gaining significance as reflected in the number of facade product innovations available on the market. While research studies on the adoption of these facade product innovations are comparatively limited in number. An awareness of the advantages and impacts that a product innovation brings is critical in its adoption, and therefore the purpose of this paper is to develop a classification framework for the use of producers/vendors present the advantages and impacts of their innovative facade products to the architects.Design/methodology/approachThe study, in addition to literature review, consisted of four main steps without distinct boundaries, namely, (1) case study sample selection regarding facade products, (2) data collection through review of published documents, analysis of the data via content analysis and generation of a preliminary framework for the evaluation of facade product innovations, (3) further data collection through semi-structured interviews and analysis of the products and (4) redefining innovation types and finalizing classification framework through assessment of new facade products.FindingsInnovation types may vary according to the product groups under investigation and viewpoints of the classifications. Selected facade products were evaluated in terms of their specific characteristics through identified viewpoints: as a physical object and as an agent. It was revealed that assessing a product innovation in terms of changes in its structural composition and impact on other related physical objects/processes can change the type of innovation. Additionally, insights about improved characteristics specific to facade products, forms of change in these products and architects' new actions in the facade design process were obtained.Research limitations/implicationsOnly the products stated by the producers/vendors as being new to the Turkish market at the time they were introduced were evaluated in terms of all aspects proposed in the framework. For these products and others that were evaluated, the product data obtained from the producers/vendors have been deemed to be accurate. Research on equivalent products in the market has not been conducted.Originality/valueStudies identifying innovation types in the facade industry are very rare. The proposed framework can be regarded as a detailed investigation of product innovation types in the facade industry which offers component-system level improvement/change analysis. Moreover, it can be an effective tool for producers/vendors to ensure that architects have knowledge about their innovative products and their impacts on facade design and also to facilitate the adoption of these products.
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Natale, Edoardo. "Analisi delle dimensioni culturali e della cortesia linguistica presente nell’articolo La macchina del fango di Umberto Eco." Revista Italiano UERJ 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/italianouerj.2020.58074.
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L'articolo intende analizzare il concetto di dimensione culturale proveniente dal quadro della comunicazione interculturale nell'ambito del lavoro teorico di Geert Hofstede e il concetto di cortesia linguistica di Brown e Levinson. L'articolo analizza un articolo di Umberto Eco raccolto dal sito del settimanale Espresso nell'ottobre 2015. Lo scopo dell'articolo è quello di spiegare il meccanismo sottostante della macchina del fango all'interno del sistema mediatico italiano. L'originalità di questo lavoro consiste nell'utilizzare il concetto di dimensioni culturali utilizzato nell'ambito sociologico così come il concetto di faccia della cortesia linguistica applicato a un testo letterario. In conclusione, questo articolo vorrebbe offrire uno strumento interpretativo utile per descrivere alcune questioni ancora valide sulla realtà culturale e politica dell'Italia. L'intento è capire quali dimensioni culturali e faccia come concetto sono coinvolti in questo articolo.
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Klosko, George. "The Moral Force of Political Obligations." American Political Science Review 84, no. 4 (December 1990): 1235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1963261.
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Political obligations vary in force. Though we have strong obligations to obey certain laws, our obligations to obey others appear to be considerably weaker. Because the weakness of the obligations to obey certain laws has been employed as an argument against the existence of general prima facie political obligations, an adequate theory of political obligation must account for this. By employing the obligation to keep promises as a model, I sort out the factors that contribute to the force of prima facie political obligations. Their varying force can be explained according to a general theory of political obligation founded on the principle of fairness.
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ROBINSON, MICHAEL. "Are Some Prima Facie Duties More Binding than Others?" Utilitas 22, no. 1 (February 8, 2010): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820809990343.
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In The Right and the Good, W. D. Ross commits himself to the view that, in addition to being distinct and defeasible, some prima facie duties are more binding than others. David McNaughton has argued that there appears to be no way of making sense of this claim that is both coherent and consistent with Ross's overall picture. I offer an alternative way of understanding Ross's remarks about the comparative stringency of prima facie duties, which, in addition to being compatible with his view as presented in the text, provides us with a coherent, and indeed plausible, account of what it means for some duties to be more binding than others.
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Gulck, Lisa Van, Eline Leenknecht, Emiel Debusseré, Jona Van Steenkiste, Marijke Steeman, and Nathan Van Den Bossche. "Development of a circularity assessment method for facade systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 855, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/855/1/012008.
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Various authorities identify the circular building strategy as the best way to reduce the environmental impact of the building sector. The EURECA project aims to develop a circular facade system for the renovation of high-rise buildings. The circularity of the facade systems proposed within the project should be evaluated in an objective manner. Current circularity assessment methods exist, however, they appear unfit to evaluate facade systems at an early design stage. Based on the analysis of existing assessment methods a new circularity assessment method is developed. The developed method allows to measure the circularity on element level with a limited amount of required information, allowing early stage decision-making. The method considers the parameters recycling, environmental cost, expected service life, component dependency, layer dependency and flexibility for reuse. The method is tested on four facade renovation systems: standard ETICS, circular ETICS, ventilated facade with rigid insulation and ventilated facade with flexible insulation. The circularity of each system can be represented by a radar chart, giving the score per parameter, or by a single score. In addition to the circular aspect, the financial aspect is added in the evaluation of the facade systems by using the Pareto front method.
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Gelbrich, Sandra, Carolin Petzoldt, Ralf Gliniorz, Andreas Ehrlich, and Lothar Kroll. "Interactive sandwich facade made of renewable resources." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401026.
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This paper reports about the development and implementation of a free forming facade system, consisting of biobased sandwich elements. The build-up of the sandwich contains face sheets from natural fibre reinforced polymer (NFRP), using biobased epoxy resin and flax fibres, and a stuck cardboard core structure. Furthermore a formwork system was designed enabling biobased sandwich elements to be produced with special needs according to efficiency and architectural design. As a result, the biobased and sustainable sandwich elements exhibit low system weight, high sound reduction and sufficient load capacity for the use of facade elements. Additionally LED-stripes were integrated for illuminating the facade elements. Because of the regular pattern of the stuck cardboard core and the translucent face sheet laminates the facade works like a screen on which each created pixel can be controlled in rgb-colours. Therefore an area of 10 m x 5 m biobased sandwich facade with 25 elements is planned as a reference object in Chemnitz, forming a facade with 100 x 48 pixels. In summary the illuminated biobased sandwich elements produced with an efficient technology of production and with the use of renewable resources can replace extensively 3D-formed customary facade systems.
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Stauder-Porchet, Julie. "Harkhuf’s Autobiographical Inscriptions. A study in Old Kingdom Monumental Rhetoric." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 147, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 57–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2020-0027.
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SummaryHarkhuf’s facade, inscribed with diverse types of texts, is a unitary composition. Inscriptional layout on that facade is highly complex and contributes directly to the rhetoric of the texts as inscriptions. The facade inscribes royal agency at the place, in the far south, that is farthest away from the Memphite center. Patterns of motion, out of the Valley and back to the Residence, are emphasized spatially on the wall. Along with an episodic narrative mode in the event autobiography, inscribed royal speech set Harkhuf and his monument as examples for posterity. As other facades subsequently inscribed at Qubbet el-Hawa demonstrate, this example was emulated indeed.Part I. Texts, genres, formsThe architrave: offering formulae, ideal autobiography and other ritual textsRight and left sides of facade: expanded titulary and event autobiographyThe outer right of the facade: the royal letterPart II. The inscribed facadeVerbal rhetoric: the facade as a unitary inscriptionInscriptional layout on the facadeThe inscription as an eventHarkhuf’s reception and emulation in inscribed facades at Qubbet al-Hawa
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Carta, F., N. Chuchueva, C. Gerosa, S. Sionis, R. A. Caria, and R. Puxeddu. "Parotid tumours: clinical and oncologic outcomes after microscope-assisted parotidectomy with intraoperative nerve monitoring." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 37, no. 5 (October 2017): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1089.
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I pazienti sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico di parotidectomia per lesioni benigne e maligne possono presentare disfunzioni temporanee o permanenti del nervo facciale. Il monitoraggio intraoperatorio della motilità facciale è uno strumento ampiamente riconosciuto per la sua utilità nella preservazione del nervo, mentre lefficacia del microscopio operatorio è stata raramente discussa. Gli autori riportano la loro esperienza su 198 parotidectomie consecutive eseguite su 196 pazienti con lausilio del microscopio operatorio e del monitoraggio intraoperatorio del nervo facciale. Centoqurantacinque interventi sono stati eseguiti per lesioni benigne e 53 per neoplasie maligne. Tredici pazienti operati per lesioni benigne hanno presentato un deficit della funzionalità del nervo facciale: 11 hanno sofferto di paralisi temporanea e 2 di paralisi permanente (entrambe di secondo grado). Dieci pazienti affetti da patologia maligna presentavano un interessamento preoperatorio del nervo facciale. Cinque e sei pazienti affetti da patologia maligna senza interessamento preoperatorio del nervo hanno presentato un deficit rispettivamente temporaneo e definitivo (in 2 casi il sacrificio di un ramo del nervo macroscopicamente infiltrato dalla neoplasia fu deciso solo durante la procedura chirurgica). Lincidenza di paralisi definitiva di una singola branca del nervo facciale dopo interventi eseguiti per lesioni che non originavano dal nervo facciale o che non lo infiltravano macroscopicamente (n = 185) è stata del 2,7%. I pazienti trattati per tumori benigni non flogistici del lobo superficiale della ghiandola parotide (n = 91) hanno presentato una paralisi facciale postoperatoria temporanea nel 4,4% dei casi e nessun deficit permanente. Luso combinato del microscopio operatorio e del monitoraggio intraoperatorio del nervo sembra garantire la preservazione del nervo facciale nei pazienti sottoposti a parotidectomia.
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Kopyłow, Ołeksij. "Ventilated façade systems. Design and workmanship faults affecting the functionality and safe use." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928402004.
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Ventilated facade systems are increasingly used in modern construction industry. It is connected with a wide range of available wall claddings which allow to create distinctive architectural buildings (ventilated facade system made of fiber cement sheets won the prestigious European Prize for Urban Public Space 2016). If constructed properly, the ventilated facade systems have a positive effect on thermal insulation properties of building walls. With an increasing interest in this type of facade solutions, one can also notice an increased number of problems with the quality of the design documentation and construction works which affect the safe use of the building, thermal insulation properties of partition walls, the comfort of use. The paper presents basic faults found in the design and workmanship of the ventilated facade systems.
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Feng, Xin, Hua Yang, Xi Yang Feng, Feng Yun Jin, and Guo Qiang Xia. "A Review of Research Development of Ventilated Double-Skin Facade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.709.
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Demands for the building energy conservation, thermal and visual comfort make the ventilated double-skin facade (DSF) more attractive and more popular in commercial buildings. This paper reviews the recent research development of ventilated double-skin facade in China. The velocity and temperature distribution in the double-skin facade (DSF) are reviewed, together with the effects of glass types, channel width, intensity of solar radiation and shading methods on the heat transfer of ventilated double-skin facade (DSF). This paper also describes the effect of the different combinations of glass, blinds settings, ventilation rate and the channel width, intensity of solar radiation and shading. Furthermore, the methods to improve the energy saving of ventilated double-skin facade (DSF) are also reviewed.
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Neuman, Eran. "Inside Out: Video Mapping and the Architectural Facade." Leonardo 51, no. 3 (June 2018): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01381.
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This article discusses the conceptual implications of the introduction of video mapping to building facades, the role of the facade as an architectural mediator between interior and exterior spaces and the ways in which video mapping transforms this role. At one time transparent (in modern architecture) and then opaque (in postmodern architecture), the architectural facade has traditionally maintained its integrity as a mediator between public and private spheres. Video mapping proposes to transform this situation by creating an everchanging image for the facade, as well as by exploiting the facade’s ability to absorb any projection on its surface. The outcome is a video-mapped facade, composed of both a physical surface and the video’s virtual images; together, these two elements create a new type of architectural facade.
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Mendz, George L. "Genericidio e aborto nell’intuizionismo di Ross / Gendercide and abortion in Ross’s Intuitionism." Medicina e Morale 67, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2018.528.
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Le relazioni etiche tra l’eliminazione su vasta scala di feti o neonati di sesso femminile (genericidio) e l’aborto sono state studiate nell’ambito della teoria dei doveri prima facie di Ross e della metodologia ampiamente applicata del Principialismo. Entrambi i sistemi sono stati brevemente esaminati, ponendo particolare attenzione alla valutazione che questi hanno espresso sull’aborto e sul genericidio. Nell’ambito della teoria morale dei doveri prima facie che in condizioni particolari consente l’aborto e l’infanticidio, la percezione di feti o neonati femminili come membri inferiori di una comunità può rendere ammissibile il genericidio come misura per proteggere la famiglia e la società. Nelle stesse comunità, portatrici di background culturali e condizioni socio-economiche specifiche, l’applicazione del Principialismo alla decisione se abortire i feti femmine o abbandonare le neonate potrebbe portare ad un’analoga accettazione della liceità del genericidio. Le implicazioni di queste conclusioni sono state analizzate e discusse. ---------- The ethical relationships between the large scale termination of female fetuses or infants (gendercide) and abortion were investigated in the context of Ross’s prima facie duty theory and the widely applied method of Principlism. Both systems were reviewed briefly with focus on their evaluation on abortion and gendercide. In a prima facie duty moral theory that allowed abortion and infanticide under special conditions, the perception of female fetuses or infants as a lower class of members of a community could make gendercide permissible as a measure to protect family and society. In communities with these cultural backgrounds and socio-economic conditions, an application of Principlism to the decision of whether to abort female foetuses or neglect female infants could lead to a similar acceptance of the permissibility of gendercide. The implications of these conclusions were analysed and discussed.