Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fabrique de territoires'
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Bernard, Roigt Martine. "La fabrique des territoires productifs, l’exemple du SPL Mecanic Vallée." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10044/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation analyses the links between the Mecanic Vallée actors and its territory. This territory developed thanks to the policy of the DATAR Local Productive Systems in the late 90s. It was supported by the incitement and developement public policies granted by the state in the 80s in the institutional context of decentralization.The territory is a restricted area extending over three French Departments (Lot, Aveyron, Corrèze).The actors the analysis is concerned with are the ones who took part in the creation of the Mecanic Vallée SPL (local politicians, industrialists) and those who broke into the political arena (CGT local unionists).First, the dissertation analyses the making of the Mecanic Vallée territory through the prism of the tranformations of public policies. Through a historical perspective, it highlights the evolution of land-use public policies at the centre of which industry has a structural impact . It examines the effects of the territorialization of the economy and the state which made possible the creation of a new productive configuration for disadvantaged rural territories, either endowed with little industry or which experienced major industrial crises and a deep social history. This approach allows us to look at a public policy implementation from below. It highlights the role of not only the grassroots but also the local political leadership. The dissertation draws upon research in Sociology of public action and public policies. Then, the dissertation follows an approach focused on the actors and, to be specific, on the way CGT unionists see this new economic and social reality in the Mecanic Vallée steel factories. We may therefore wonder if it represents a change in the social reality as well as in future social relationships within the territory. Scrutinizing not only this new productive configuration but also the union practices reveals the roots, challenges, and limits of a unionist attempt to adapt and build an appropriate response to a new situation. This dissertation questions CGT unionists' roles and motivations through their personal experience and their trajectories as activists. This dissertation finally highlights how these unionists’ approach actually challenges the way the CGT Union addresses the economic territorialization and state issues
De, La Torre Luis. "La fabrique des territoires de l'action publique : l'avènement des Contratos Plan en Colombie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30052/document.
Full textThe Colombian Government has implemented the “Contratos Plan”, a public policy instrument directly inspired on french territorial contractualisation device "Contrats de Plan Etat Region". The "Contratos Plan” become "Contratos Paz", will be used in the post-conflict phase to implement the territorial component of the peace agreements signed between the FARC guerrilla and the Government in September 2016. This research studies the policy transfer process which gave rise to the creation of the measure and the consequences on planning development and restructuration of the Colombian territorial governance
Joubert, Nathalie. "La fabrique du document carte : vers une méthode d'analyse d'une représentation de territoires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30192/document.
Full textBased on a documentographic investigation, following several methods comment of documents, including geography, history, analysis shows, this thesis aims to explore the informative capacity of the map, an object of contemplation and fascination, but also territories visualization. The map is, in fact, a re-presentation, that is to say, an iconic "deposit under the eyes" of spatial information, which has a visual and textual language effectively. The objective of this investigation on the development, production and uses of maps, is to define, in terms of Information and Communication Sciences, and continuity in the work of Jean Meyriat, the document map, and clarify what comes under its infocommunicationals factories, one by the intention of its author, and one upon receipt. The map is built and developed to assume one or more functions defined by the person who makes. But it can be exploited and interrogated by users, in other receptions contexts than that provided by the author. The map then performs other functions and proves kaleidoscopic: each of its use creates another image, each user makes a new document. Through this exploitation of the map, made from a sample of cartographic funds of University of Toulouse - Jean Jaurès, we contribute, within MICS team, Mediations in Specialized Information-Communication Studies, of Laboratory and Applied Research in Social Sciences, LERASS, of the collective concept development document in its various forms
Lima, Stéphanie. "Découpage entre espaces et territoire : la fin des limites ? : la fabrique des territoires communaux dans la région de Kayes, Mali." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT5021.
Full textThe creation of municipalities, in a context of decentralization, reveals an original process that articulates both bottom-up and top-down approaches. The Malian government designed a partnership that associates the population with the operation of munipalities boundaries setting. The divisions operated are different when the social space is taken into account in the making of "territoires". The division is a mechanism that participates in the "territorialisation" (process of making "territoires"). In Kayes area, lived space is structured by mobility and social networks at different scales, so the action of sharing space is related to the social sphere. Once people's representations of space and spatial practices have been integrated in the making of institutional territories, what appears is that created centralities and emerging delimitations do not correspond with the general territorial model. My PhD. Research focuses on the very nature of these municipalities, that questions the interrelations between the division process, space and "territoire"
Slitine, Marion. "La Palestine en créations. La fabrique de l'art contemporain, des territoires occupés aux scènes mondialisées." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH098.
Full textCombining historical, socio-anthropological and artistic approaches, the thesis aims to shed new light on the contemporary situation of Palestine and the modes of Occupation, through the analysis of its worlds of contemporary art since the 1990s which have seen an unprecedented development of its infrastructure. In a context of growing political and territorial fragmentation, a new generation of artists has emerged which gradually succeeds in transgressing the constraints at work on the ground, to access through their artistic practices and the resulting worldviews, to the scenes of international contemporary art.Through a multilocated ethnographic study, the thesis aims to retrace the fabrication of this contemporary art, focusing on the study of plastic artists from the Occupied Palestinian Territories. It is a question of observing their daily practices, the factors that hinder them as well as the new windows of opportunities and circulations induced by the globalized art market. Starting from the individual paths of these moving creators, the research questions the forms of rupture or continuities engendered by globalization whether in their modes of engagement (artistic and political) or in their relationship towards nationalism, in order to rethink the relationship between art and politics
Lefèvre, Benjamin. "La fabrique urbaine d'Angers du 3e au 13e siècle." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551376.
Full textNavarro, Aurore. "Le marché de plein vent alimentaire et la fabrique des lieux : un commerce de proximité multifonctionnel au coeur de la recomposition des territoires." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20108.
Full textWithin the context of renewed interest in issues surrounding food, particularly how food products are produced, distributed, and sold, the topic of this thesis is a form of temporary commercial spaces: open-air food markets. These markets represent only a very small portion of both household expenditures and the food industry. Even though there were many indications in the 1980s that these markets would soon disappear, this form of commerce has survived and has even experienced a resurgence, as some researchers have described. Despite their temporary and mobile character, open-air food markets play an important role in the narrative of places. The non-commercial roles of these markets, which are perceived as local events, have become more diverse, as well as the people who participate in them. Using data from qualitative studies conducted in Lyon, southern Ardèche and Roanne, the goal of this thesis was to determine the role of open-air food markets in the making of places. This study addresses the relevance of spatial categories and urban/rural differences. The results show that despite the mobile nature of the businesses that these events are based on, the markets become anchored due to regional characteristics. This thesis is not only a socio-geographical study of the participants in and inner workings of these markets, but also represents a study of commercial geography, as it attempts to identify preferred locations for open-air food markets and to define these specific areas and the role they play in establishing a commercial center. By closely studying the mobility of the market sellers, analyzing the public management of these commercial spaces and hypothesizing a new form of governance, this study shows that the open-air food market can be understood as a symbol, a kaleidoscope of the regeneration of spaces and local development
Sinno, Maïa. "L'internationalisation de la fabrique de la ville, vers un produit politique : les investissements immobiliers des pays du Golfe au Caire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H100.
Full textThe issue of internationalization of financial involvement in Cairo's urban environment is fundamental in understanding the increasing role that international actors play in the region. Additionally, it enables a clearer perception of the State's increasing role through directive urban governance and is also central to any analysis of recent development of the city's social geography. This broad perspective is also a key to understanding the impact of neoliberal policies in developing countries and their increased dependence on international partnerships for urban development. One of the main explanation factors of the financialization of the city's construction is the evolving role of its various actors, through changing governance modes: who are the actors of large-scale real estate, when the balance of urban development project is not secured? One way of addressing this issue is through the question: "how is the risk distributed and absorbed where there exists two timescales, because of the mismatch between selling and buying in real estate investment?" These are the temporality of global finance, which obeys short term logics to serve specific interests and the temporality of the urban fabric which is over a much longer period of time. The longer the period for real estate return on investment, the lower the amount of profit for the investor. Distinction (or the lack of) between public and private sector interests and motivations remains the key parameter, since it refers to the State's withdrawal for urban governance as a way to give more power to private investors. The complex interference between public and private sector is therefore part of the very definition of the city financialization. This study is a way to understand mechanisms of regulation and balance of the markets related to the city production. The urban production of Cairo, before and after the Arab Spring popular uprising of 2011 is also a highly meaningful laboratory to analyze mobilization against financialization of urban production. ln Cairo, specific governance based on wealth accumulation by elite had been called into question by the 2011 revolution. The succession of transitory regimes and the numerous trials targeting fraudulent sales of some of the most powerful businessmen of the country could be viewed as a progress, in citizen's right to the city, of the revolutionaries. The fight for more justice caused a redefinition of the ruling assabiya, a community of public and private actors related by blood or marriage. But it did not destroy the corruption-based system, nor the dependence of Egyptian growth on occidental and regional aids, quite to the contrary. The specificity of the Egyptian neoliberal system is based on refusal of the state to let the contractors take control and on the interference of the public elite in contractors' activities. The new regime replicates with a heavier hand, this system from before the revolution. This enriches a core of actors belonging to an elite close to the regime. [...]
Vérité, Oriane. "Lorsque le déchet alimentaire devient une ressource territorialisée : approche géographique des circularités alimentaires à travers trois initiatives ligériennes de recyclage / surcyclage de rebuts alimentaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ANGE0053.
Full textFor about twenty years, food circularities have been valued by public authorities and the scientific community for their multifunctional role, both in terms of food resources and economic, social and environmental impact. Their geographical concentration around food waste deposits creates complex issues for the territories concerned. Whether planned by political decision-makers or resulting from spontaneous dynamics, these collective organizations transform marginal spaces into places for the transmission of knowledge. Food circularities consider their impacts and their change of scale as iterative processes, shaped by relational dynamics. This thesis aims to analyze the mechanisms and issues related to the circulation of food waste by exploring the hypothesis of the food up-cycling development in these territories. A food circularity id fefined as a set of actors structured around the recovery of food resources initially intended for disposal. The challenge of this research work is twofold: on the one hand, it is about increase the value of these resources by reintegrating them into exchange circuits, and on the other hand, questioning the systematization of this practice within food production systems. Circularity thus carries collective dynamics of appropriation and logics of visibility. Examining their effects and their change of scale makes it possible to question both the contributions they perceive and their relationships to the territory, as well as the acceptance of innovation. Based on a comparative qualitative analysis of three food circularity initiatives located in Saint-Herblain, Angers and Brain-sur-Allonnes, this thesis highlights how these forms of food upcycling are structured, function and generate social and economic impacts in these territories
Sainty, Jessica. "Les fabriques territoriales du raisonnement politique : analyse contextualisée dans quatre territoires de l'Isère." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736570.
Full textMazeaud, Alice. "La fabrique de l'alternance : la " démocratie participative " dans la recomposition du territoire régional, Poitou-Charentes 2004-2010." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665230.
Full textBuyck, Jennifer. "La fabrique contemporaine des métropoles en France : pays, paysage et paysans." Lille 3, 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01734912.
Full textOur work questions the contemporaneous invention of French metropolis through the notions of "pays" ("country"), "paysage" ("landscape") and "paysan" ("farmer"). In order to do this, we focused first on the values of contemporaneous urbanity by analizing landscape and metropolis together. In such a framework, landscape as metropolis are completely changing. A necessary restructuring of spatial anticipation practices has to be investigated. In thix context, we questioned afterwoods - through two investigations led in parallel - the sens and the role of landscape in French and contemporaneous practices of metropolitan planning. Landscape, as a complex projection of a land, seemed able to considerably impact practices of metropolitan invention. Moreover, these individual and collective representations of land bring to light the existence of a new urban mythology in which the figure of farmers convey the idea of a new way to live, to dream and to invent cites and metropolises
Boukhris, Linda. "Imaginaire national et imaginaire touristique au Costa Rica : le tourisme comme fabrique du territoire et de la nation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010702.
Full textCosta Rica has undergone a touristic turn of its economy since the 1990s, with a tourism identity based on the representations of a peaceful state without armed forces as well as the wilderness. This research examines the discourse on the Costa Rican exception deployed within the context of tourism development. A genealogy of the composition of these images reveals the deep relation between the tourism imaginary and the national imaginary. Indeed, the tourism imaginary takes on the main historical characteristics of the Costa Rican national ideology shaped within the context of its independence, but also entails the incorporation of an environmental paradigm into the national imaginary. This work analyzes the instituting dimension of the tourism imaginary as participating in the production of space and place, and the production of an image of the nation associated with figures of nature. However, this tourism imaginary is also hegemonic and exclusive, as was the national imaginary in the nineteenth century, which promoted the idea of a democratic and peaceful Costa Rican nation based on the theory of the white race. From the historical discourse on whiteness to the contemporary discourse on nature, this study investigates the role of the tourism imaginary in the reproduction of spatial racialization processes against the Costa Rican indigenous and Afro-Caribbean populations. Thus, the tourism imaginary becomes the space where figures of the nation are defined, and where their belonging to the national political community are negotiated
Ferchaud, Flavie. "Fabriques numériques, action publique et territoire : en quête des living labs, fablabs et hackerspaces (France, Belgique)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20010/document.
Full textThe starting point of this doctoral research is the observation of the incorporation of objects called "fablab", "hackerspace" or "living lab" in public policies. The increased expansion of these new "places" at the heart or at the margins of public policies is supported by semantics associated with innovation, entrepreneurship, flexibility and creativity. But beyond these rhetorical effects and their fascination, it is demonstrated that these objects of public policies constitute one of the realities of the metropolitan action, under different modalities. This thesis stays away from the laudatory discourses that accompany the emergence of these objects and mainly focuses on the analysis of their relationships to the territory and the dynamics of the urban space. It has to be taken into account that the complexity of these places and their inclusion in an everevolvingpublic policy requires to use the logics of space, specific to geography and planning, and to resort to other disciplines contributions, such as sociology and political science. The investigation articulates different spaces, time periods, and survey methods. A first investigation in France on hackerspaces, fablabs and living labs was followed by a comparative investigation on a European scale (Rennes and Toulouse in France, Ghent in Belgium). The thesis exposes and interprets the promises driven by these places. Tensions are highlighted. One major tension situates these places between inheritance of the counterculture, process of normalisation and "recovery". These tensions represent the main thread of the thesis: they run through the insertion of places of experimentation and digital manufacturing in a context of changes, inherent to contemporary cities. Based on notions such as "social world", "common" and "urban commons", the thesis also sheds lights on the social dynamics of these places. Partly dismantling the enthusiastic representations regarding fablabs,hackerspaces and living labs, the thesis puts their scope in perspective in terms of integration and openness, as well as their role in the transformation of local urban policies
Nicolas, Paul. "La fabrique d'une communauté transnationale : les Jummas entre France et Bangladesh." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0151.
Full textThis thesis questions the way in which a transnational community is built, by studying the specific case of the Jummas of Bangladesh residing in France. In 1987, 72 young boys arrived together in France, coming from refugee camps in India, after fleeing their region of origin, torn apart by the war, the Chittagong Hill Tracts, in the south-east of Bangladesh. They were dispersed in host families in France. Thirty years later, many of them are still connected with one another and have reunited with their families in the Hill Tracts. Three-quarters of them have married Jumma women. This group serves as a support for refugees arriving in France. Many of them preserve a strong sense of belonging to the Jumma people. They have built a transnational territory of their own, with its networks and its poles. The diversity of these young people’s courses, that in some respects we can compare with the profiles of children adopted abroad, in other respects with young migrants from generation 1.5, or even with political refugees, allows us to discuss the processes, not necessarily contradictory, of integration and maintenance of the links with the origin, through transnational dynamics. The examination of these courses makes it possible to understand the manufacturing process of this transnational community and to detect its different phases. The context also played a decisive role: the context of belonging to a discriminated minority in Bangladesh, the particular of their departure for France and the singular of their arrival in French families. Thanks to a privileged access to this group since 1987, the thesis is based on a methodology adapted to its restricted size
Ouvrard, Pauline. "Le nouvel esprit de l'urbanisme, entre scènes et coulisses : une ethnographie de la fabrique du territoire de Saint-Nazaire à Nantes." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2032/document.
Full textStarting from the viewpoint of a scientific worker immersed in the social context - in this instance the realm of urbanism - under the guise of a CIFRE contract which endows the researcher with the status of architect/urban designer at the Saint-Nazaire planning agency, the investigation of this particular "black box" concerns different levels. Through observations (of both promises and actions) and interactions, the established researcher tests the hypothesis of immersion and descriptive urbanism to renew knowledge concerning urban-planning activities. The thesis reports the daily activities of a team of technicians involved in the development of the territory, through their trajectories and their productions. By experimenting with different forms of writing, the interviewer reveals the routine work of agencies: their strategies, their tools and methods, the power struggles, the plurality of roles and positions between technical and political staff. Retracing the history of the agency shows the links between the urban fabric and this planning structure through the emergence of both "management and leadership urbanism " and a "fictional urbanism." The investigation then unfolds outside the office and focuses on territorial prospective, from a socio-technical perspective. Seeing the urban fabric through the prism of its prospective activity highlights how the convergence of trajectories and interests depicts a network where models and "good" practices circulate and interact, at different territorial levels and between the worlds of urbanplanning. This work identifies the activity of storytelling and interpretation as a specific practice of urban planning. Taking it seriously can designe a "new spirit of urbanism" tensed between performance and evaluation, communication and control, leadership and management
Katalayi, Mutombo Hilaire. "Urbanisation et fabrique urbaine à Kinshasa : défis et opportunités d'aménagement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30036.
Full textOur investigation is a study of the process of spatial creation and uncontrolled development of the city of Kinshasa, in the hills of the West and of the Southwest. This research has attempted to analyze the challenges and opportunities for planning and urban development. We focused on the issue of the invasion of open spaces and interstices to cables in planned cities and its environmental and socio-economic consequences. Based on our analysis, we concluded that urban policies suffer from a lack of coherent organizing space. Management of urbanization includes controlling land which could constrain spatial expansion, characterized by the paradigm of ecological marginalization. This is one of the main ways to tame urban growth and give neighborhoods as well as the city of Kinshasa the desired physiognomy
Katalayi, Mutombo Hilaire. "Urbanisation et fabrique urbaine à Kinshasa : défis et opportunités d'aménagement." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30036/document.
Full textOur investigation is a study of the process of spatial creation and uncontrolled development of the city of Kinshasa, in the hills of the West and of the Southwest. This research has attempted to analyze the challenges and opportunities for planning and urban development. We focused on the issue of the invasion of open spaces and interstices to cables in planned cities and its environmental and socio-economic consequences. Based on our analysis, we concluded that urban policies suffer from a lack of coherent organizing space. Management of urbanization includes controlling land which could constrain spatial expansion, characterized by the paradigm of ecological marginalization. This is one of the main ways to tame urban growth and give neighborhoods as well as the city of Kinshasa the desired physiognomy
Gebeil, Sophie. "La fabrique numérique des mémoires de l’immigration maghrébine sur le web français (1999-2014)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3119.
Full textThis thesis focuses on how the web is used as a privilege space to study how North African immigration memories. This is the first history PhD in France that primarily relies on French Web archives as a source. This one has not yet been integrated in the French collective memory in spite of recent institutional attempts to draw people’s attention back to this issue. This exclusion was and still is linked with many causes: the socio-economic situation of North African minorities in France, the taboo of the Algerian war as well as the unequal treatment by the media of the Maghreb population. Since the end of the 1990’s, in a context of competing memories, many websites have been recalling the immigration memories and have been asking for recognition from the French state. From a media history perspective, how can these memories be presented on the Internet? Moreover, how can the past be used to rectify and transform the present? In France, a historical approach to analyzing the web and its contents has started to develop: publishing strategies, temporalities, uses, internet history. This work would not have been possible without the existence in France, since 2006, of the Web legal deposit, which is shared by INA (Institut National de l’Audiovisuel) and the BNF (Bibliothèque Nationale de France). Thereby, along with traditional broadcast material, Web content can be considered for media history. The epistemological and methodological approaches remain to be devised. The composition and the scenario of some selected memory devices online are studying thanks to the French web archive from 1999 to 2014
De, Rogalski Landrot Boris. "La fabrique matérielle et symbolique de la ville : le cas de Villeurbanne de 1900 à 1950." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066746.
Full textDurand, Anne. "De la mutabilité urbaine : une démarche ouverte pour fabriquer les villes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1191.
Full textUrban planning can be considered out-dated in a society where it has become impossible to project a linear future. We have arrived at the end of a paradigm, as can be witnessed in the analysis of the Schéma Directeur d'Aménagement Urbain of the Paris region (SDAU) of 1965. Our research focuses on two situations arising from alternatives to rigid urban planning: the case of the “Plan-guide” of the Isle of Nantes and the initiative “Neighbourhood Improvement Community Programme” (Programas Comunitario de Mejoramiento de Barrios), established between the Mexican government and the community. Each case study allows us to identify constitutive elements of “urban mutability”, defined here as the capacity of cities to welcome change and favour “the possible” (les possibles) in their making. These constitutive elements go beyond the spatial structure of the city and attempt to create a procedure for accepting uncertainty. We have defined three conditions that permit an operational understanding of the concept: accommodation of change (1), acceptance of uncertainty (2), sharing of collective inventions (3). Each condition necessitates an active follow through that we will expand upon in the last section, and which has led us to the definition of several types of mutability, each with their own temporality, urgency, and length of preparation. All have their place in the creation of cities as they allow us to breathe life into each space, each instant. Urban mutability does not offer a model, but rather validates other ways of acting. It questions the meaning of “alternative” (l'autrement), which means that the distance created in the step away from preconceived models and assurances allows a locally defined framework of meta-regulations to open new “possibles” for cities
Rogalski, Landrot Boris de. "La fabrique matérielle et symbolique de la ville : le cas de Villeurbanne de 1900 à 1950." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0893/document.
Full textMy thesis, entitled “The material and symbolic urban fabric : the case of the city of Villeurbanne from 1900 to 1950” aims to analyse the mechanisms of urban fabric in order to highlight the role of political actors and the influence of urban experiences that lie outside of the municipality, thanks to which urban projects have been developed and spread in order to adapt Villeurbanne to an urban model. The late nineteenth century was a period of identity tensions in Villeurbanne in reaction to the project of annexation of the city by his powerful neighbour, Lyon. Municipal Council spread identity discourses in order to distinguish Villeurbanne and Lyon, and to mobilise inhabitants and convince politicians to reject the annexation. Jules Grandclément, socialist mayor from 1908 to 1922, rationalized the municipal management and introduced innovations to reform the city befor 1914. World War I disrupted the municipal level, but stimulated municipal intervention in urban planification. During the preparation of urban plan, municipal councillors represented Villeurbanne, not as a simple suburb, but as a city, and they organized exchanges of urban kowledges with other municipalities and especially with municipal experts of Lyon. Mayor Lazare Goujon (1924-1935) was directly related to the continuity of the initiatives of his predecessor. He innovated by introducing an ambitious urban policy that modified the urban morphology giving to Vileurbanne its urban attributes. The audience of urban transformations was such that Villeurbanne was represented as an example of modern city during the 1930s. Upon arrival at the head of the municipality in 1935, the Communists denounced the expensive urban policy of its predecessor, and they implemented a local policy in the context of the Popular Front. The political color of the municipality during the inter-war period was erased during the World War II in favor of the ideology of the Petain’s government. The real estate market slowed since the 1930s and stopped during World War II, but was reactivated by the State housing policy in 1950s. This State intervention in the field of urban planning expertise created conflicts but mostly generated a gap between the material and symbolic fabric of the city at the local level
Puget, Julien. "Les agrandissements d’Aix et de Marseille (1646-1789) : Droits, espaces et fabrique urbaine à l’époque moderne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3011.
Full textFrom two city expansion operations in the seventeenth century (Aix in 1646, Marseille in 1666), this research aims to understand the practical arrangements for production of urban space under the old regime, both in human terms and equipment.This study begins at ground level at the finest scale of urban materiality, the plot. From a cross-reflection on the rights of the land and property market, the challenge here is to understand the weight of structures and private legal mechanisms in urban process.Changing scale of analysis, a set of questions related to the building of the economy domain allows to highlight the economic, social and legal conditions surrounding the sites of construction. The goal here is both to identify the rules framing constructive activity and to determine the contours of the practice of individuals in this area. This axis induces a reflection on the structuration of a constructive public order at the end of the seventeenth century.Finally, this research addresses urban space in its larger whole, both hardware and administratively. From the institutional and public frameworks to carry out these operations, the issue of integration and management of these new spaces to the existing urban order came up
August, Zoé. "Ville durable : des concepts aux réalisations, les coulisses d’une fabrique urbaine : Marseille ou l’exemple d’une ville méditerranéenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1123/document.
Full textWhilst there seems to be a consensus on the feasibility of applying sustainability thinking to town and city development, our research contributes to the critical understanding of the notion of a sustainable city within the field of urban planning. We will begin with a study of the modalities of the emergence of this term, combining it with an analysis of the ways in which the notion is used in professional and scientific literature. Following on from the correspondence drawn between "méditerranéité" and complex thinking (MORIN 1999), our approach will then be embodied in the heart of a Mediterranean city : Marseille. Considering the mental pictures conjured up by the notion of sustainable city, we thus analyse the ways in which the elements of meaning previously highlighted are being used or not, interpreted, or even diverted, and how they influence decisions and actions. As the object of our work is the relationship between these and their material, socio-spatial and experiential impact, we then go on to conduct a sensitive exploration using observations and stories told by local residents within a sector in which actualisation principles are relating to the idea of sustainable city. This research shows, in the end, how the notion of sustainable city, which is exogenous to the domain of urban planning, does not offer a sufficiently emancipating or robust framework to allow the development of new “knowledge and know-how” or to outweigh the constraints and forceful trends that hinder the development of the town. This leads us to propose an "ecological" approach to explore what and whose contributions urban sustainability or rather sustainabilities might be built upon
Bardaine, Clémence. "La fabrique des paysages et des savoir-faire agroforestiers dans le bassin francilien : acteurs, processus et projets." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0021.
Full textFaced with the environmental and climatic crisis, practices based on the management of ecological processes are opening up a new horizon for agriculture. The current challenge of agroforestry, based on associations of trees, crops and/or animals, is no longer limited to production alone, but also affects its sustainability and in particular the provision of ecosystem services and the food resilience of territories. However, these agroecological practices cannot result from the application of technical recipes. Can farmers’ naturalistic and agroecological knowledge of landscapes, become a vector for the transmission of agroforestry practices mainly through neighborhood effect and collective learning ? A critical study of the methods and mechanisms of learning, transmission and support of agroforestry practices in the Paris Basin is carried out through a transdisciplinary, ethno-geographic and pragmatic approach. The stories of their agroecological trajectories are retraced through ethnographic investigation and documentary collection from the field (photography, drawing of farmers, project plan). A typology of the different forms of agroforestry landscapes (intra-plot tree lines, diversified hedgerows gridding, etc.) and the range of ecological and diversification knowledge associated with them is proposed. In contrast, the mistrust of trees among some soil conservation farmers is identified. Secondly, the survey on the methods of support by stakeholders in territorial development (farmers, landowners, agricultural development associations, agents of regional nature parks and communities of municipalities), sheds light on conflicts and alliances between actors. The tools and collective learning processes of this outside agroecological university are highlighted through the chronicles of farmers' collective workshops and participatory research projects around the heritage of locally adapted seeds and woody plants (ecological survey, botanical index, reading and landscape design, project and pruning workshops, participatory selection). This work offers a synthesis of the brakes (the long time, the lack of local references and management know-how, the tree in the rural lease). And the conditions of transmission of agroforestry practices (pioneering attitudes, empirical and transversal approaches, involvement of territorial actors) are articulated between different scales: from the plot to the plain, to the community of actors in the large landscape. Finally, this thesis identifies a set of updating of living heritage which, through the agro-ecosystem benefits and the local food systems resulting from these new agricultural landscapes; could become the basis of a local project guaranteeing the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the territory
Ranaivoarimanana, Njaka. "Urbanisme de coalition : articulation entre infrastructures routières et plus-value foncière dans la fabrique urbaine : Le cas de la ville de Tananarive (Madagascar)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1180/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the question of articulation between infrastructure transport and land value in urban making. It examines the impact of road infrastructure on property value close new road infrastructure in Antananarivo (capital of Madagascar). In the context of land pressure because of the lack of land availability and growing urbanization, urban sprawl around the new road have been transforming hectares of marshes and lowlands used for rice-growing. But the conversion process of this land show the expectation of the road infrastructure impact on property value which have influenced urban making. Although the research of infrastructure impact on house’s price or land value is well documented and concentrated in the case of western cities, no more research study the case of developing cities and little attention has been given to the impact of expectation property and land values. By studying the land strategy of actors (public and private actors) through public policy instruments: the use of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as tool for negotiation in urban making and infrastructure project and the developing of town planning documents nearby new road infrastructure area, this work point out how do actors negotiates public policy instruments to create property and land values and expect it? But this impact is part of the historical dynamic of the city’s development. In fact, we suppose that the effect of road infrastructure on land value depends on the historical context of urban sprawl by road and on land strategy of anticipation of actors by public policy instrumentation. Keywords: Land Value, Private-Public Partnership, Coalition, Road Infrastructure, Urban Sprawl, Anticipatio
Herrmann, Lou. "Fabriquer la ville avec les lotissements : une qualification possible de la production ordinaire des espaces urbains contemporains ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2026/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the contemporary modalities of the production of residential allotments (lotissements) in France, as well as the morphological quality of urban spaces produced in this operational framework. It questions the paradox between the almost unanimous criticism directed at these residential developments, on the one hand, and the observation of exemplary developmentoperations on the other hand. It explores the conditions under which this modus operandi can produce urban spaces with morphological qualities. The residential allotments are considered from a dual perspective: as a material space, by studying the quality of the urban fabric; and as a process, by analysing the functioning of the collective action systems composing it.From a theoretical perspective, this work makes use organisational sociology tools (sociologie des organisations) by crossing of the Strategic Analysis inputs (Crozier and Friedberg) with those of the Economies of Worth (Boltanski and Thévenot). The understanding of the development’s materiality draws on the “frames” approach (approche par trames) developed around the notion of urban fabric by the French school of urban morphology. The thesis relies on qualitative and comparative analysis of four case studies located in urban agglomeration of Lyon.Firstly, it shows that there is no morphological fatality. The fabric analysis of these four projects proves that this modus operandi is not doomed to produce mediocre urban spaces. This demonstration draws on a prior conceptualisation of the notion of morphological quality, considered as a social convention.The analysis of subdivision laws (droit de lotir), in the broader context of regulatory changes in the field of urbanism and town planning in France, then shows that the impact of sustainable development regulations is, at least indirectly, to increase the quality of the residential allotment. Legal changes have indeed created a context that encourages a stronger reflection on development location by the project manager (maître d’ouvrage) and probably also a greater building density.Nevertheless, laws cannot provide a full explanation. The decisions regarding morphology are made at three key moments: when the planning laws (droit des sols) are defined, when the planning approvals (autorisations d’urbanisme) are delivered and when developments are designed and programmed. The analysis so reveals that the municipal stakeholder potentially holds an important power over the regulation of the urban form. Local planning therefore has a significant impact on the developments’ fabric, although experience shows that this impact is most often negative. In the interaction with private stakeholders, whether they are the developers (lotisseurs) and their designers (concepteurs), or the inhabitants-project managers (habitants-maître d’ouvrage) and their builder (constructeurs), the municipality has many resources at his disposal to influence the projects quality. In this respect, this thesis highlights the central role that partner institutions play in this power relation, particularly for smaller municipalities. At these different moments, the aptitude of public regulation for improving quality depends on one essential variable: the political commitment of the stakeholders. Finally, the quality of the residential allotments also depends on a further element; whether or not the developers have a sense of morphological responsibility. Developers indeed maintain a room for manoeuver regarding morphology. Their behaviour at the conception level is consequently also decisive for the quality of the developments’ fabric
Gay, Lauriane. "À la recherche de l'hégémonie : la fabrique très politique des politiques publiques foncières en Ouganda sous le National Resistance Movement (NRM) : Entre changement et inertie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD017/document.
Full textLand tenure, defined as the set of relations among humans that determine their interaction with land, lies at the heart of power struggles, especially in agrarian societies. Governing land management through public policy means changing power relations between the state and the local institutions that exercise social control. Using Uganda under the regime of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) as its case study, this thesis in political science explores the manner a public policy concerning land is constructed through the interactions among various power structures. We are dealing here with the interactions among polity, politics and policy. Examined as a political activity, the construction of a public policy concerning land in African contexts goes beyond a matter of concern for the state alone. This activity is a source of political legitimacy for those actors participating in the process. Its instrumentalisation can lead to changes in power relations. This process starts with the construction of the problem and ends with the negotiation of a solution. This inductive research is based on qualitative research methods : participant observation, semi-structured interviews, analysis of grey literature and of archives. It is based on four years of field work in Uganda. This thesis innovates theoretically as it integrates the discursive and pragmatic approach of public policy to structuration theory. It ties this approach to the notion of « historicity of the imported state ». This theoretical framework allows us to study the ordering and disordering of society that are triggered by the formulation of problems and solutions. It provides a detailed empirical study of public policy concerning land in Uganda. This thesis contributes, more generally, to the study of democratisation in Africa, land tenure in Africa and public policy in African contexts
Taibi, El Kettani Camilia. "Les "villes nouvelles" du Maroc : de la frénésie à la léthargie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H099.
Full textIn 2004, Morocco started a new chapter of his urban history through the creation of new cities. This program is the result of a policy thought and adopted by the government to respond to the local housing issues and to guarantee the urban transition of the country. In this way, planned cities of different sizes and carrying capacities (between 200 000 and 450 000 inhabitants), are actually being built nearby the main ones. This strategy of creating new cities was brought as a remedy to the previous failures of the Moroccan urban planning.The main purpose of this thesis is to put this urban policy into perspective and to examine if these new cities are bringing a real renewal to the Moroccan urban fabric. It also aims to draw a portrait of these cities, to understand their evolution, their growth logic, and the strategy from which they resulted. Through this work, we examine the relevance of this new cities policy as a response to the accelerated urbanization in Morocco, knowing that the new cities are no longer developed in the western countries
Lévy, Karen. "Une ville moyenne pour des classes moyennes? : discours et acteurs de la fabrique urbaine : une étude du cas de Johannesburg, un détour comparatif par New Delhi." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100077/document.
Full textThe post-apartheid urban policies of the last decades aiming at “rebuilding” the nation, have not led to reducing spatial injustice in Gauteng, and Johannesburg in particular. Spurred on by private actors, bottom-of-the-range closed residences, which symbolise the upward social mobility of the middle class, spread new forms of relegation and fragmentation, thereby challenging social links, urban sprawl and growing mobility. The little research carried out on this “average” city, which is meant to be synonymous with progress and modernity, is an opportunity to develop new thoughts on existing interrelations between urban production, practices and territories.Far from being monolithic, bottom-of-the-range housing is being developed through many specific and geographically located institutional arrangements. The role played by private actors involved in urban governance, which is often largely unknown and rarely being studied, has become the keystone of the city’s contemporary transformations. The novelty behind this research work is that it reveals the principles of what constitutes specialised and spatialized expertise, thereby shedding light on the codification process of practices and, as such, the birth of institutionalised security town planning within the metropolis.Comparing Johannesburg with Delhi was an opportunity to validate the fact that these results could be significantly drawn concurrently, while studying two different sites
Lins, Zara de Medeiros. "Circuitos espaciais de produ??o da atividade boneleira: o uso dos territ?rios de Caic?, Serra Negra do Norte e S?o Jos? do Serid?" Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18924.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Cette ?tude a ?t? fond?e sur la reconaissance, la description et l'analyse du circuit spatial de la production de l activit? des fabriques des casquettes dans la r?gion du Serid? Potiguar. L activit? des fabriques des casquettes est situ?e dans les villes de Caic?, Serra Negra do Norte e S?o Jos? do Serid?, qui forment le p?le de fabriques de casquettes, compos? de soixante-quatre (64) unit?s de fabrication, le deuxi?me plus grand producteur de casquettes au Br?sil. Dans la condition de base g?ographique, l'op?rationnalisation du concept de circuits spatiales de la production a ?t? essentielle ? la compr?hension de l'utilisation du territoire et de l'indivisibilit? de l'espace, du fournisseur de mati?res premi?res au consommateur final, comprenant les ?tapes des mati?res premi?res, la main-d'oeuvre, le stockage, les transports, le commerce et la consommation dans la p?riode actuelle, dans laquelle les instances de la production, la circulation, la distribution et de la consommation sont spatialement diffus. Sur la base de l'identification et de la localisation de ces ?tapes et des principaux acteurs impliqu?s dans la activit? des fabriques de casquettes, une configuration de circuit spatial de la production a ?t? ?labor?e, en s'interpr?tant l'utilisation des territoires par les instances productives. L'interpr?tation des ?tapes de production a identifi? que les entreprises li?es ? l'Association Seridoense des Fabricants de Casquettes agissent plus efficacement sur le territoire que celles nonassoci?es, alors que toujours elles investissent dans des nouveaux ?quipements, en augmentant sa puissance technique pour se renforcer avant un march? si comp?titif comme celui des casquettes. En examinant la contribution de la fabrication des casquettes ? l'utilisation actuelle des territoires de la coupe, nous avons appris que les activit?s compl?mentaires et des mati?res premi?res n?cessaires ? sa r?alisation se trouvent dans leur environnement g?ographique. Ainsi, la proximit? spatiale entre les ?tapes de la fabrication des casquettes fait entrevoir la mat?rialit? du territoire, conf?r?e dans la coexistence des techniques pass?es et pr?sentes, et l'ensemble des actions effectu?es par un certain nombre de travailleurs sociaux qui collaborent ? la cr?ation du circuit spatial de la production de l activit? des fabriques des casquettes. Cette ?tude a confirm? que les fabriques des casquettes sont organis?es sous la forme de cellules de production, continues ou discontinues, dont les ?quipements et les machines ? coudre industrielles ob?issent ? la logique d'une production de plus en plus standardis?e. Ce circuit spatial de la production contribue ? l'utilisation actuelle des territoires de Caic?, Serra Negra do Norte et de S?o Jos? do Serid? car il amplifie le mouvement du commerce et des relations entre les lieux, ? travers la dynamique des flux des personnes, des biens et des produits, en constante circulation, guid?es par la division du travail entre les ?tapes productives
Este estudo se fundamentou no reconhecimento, descri??o e an?lise do circuito espacial de produ??o da atividade boneleira na Regi?o do Serid? Potiguar. A atividade boneleira encontra-se localizada nos munic?pios de Caic?, Serra Negra do Norte e S?o Jos? do Serid?, os quais formam o P?lo Boneleiro do Serid?, constitu?do por sessenta e quatro (64) unidades fabris, considerado o segundo maior produtor de bon?s do Brasil. Na condi??o de base geogr?fica, a operacionaliza??o do conceito de circuitos espaciais de produ??o foi imprescind?vel para se compreender o uso do territ?rio e a indivisibilidade do espa?o, desde o fornecedor de insumo at? o consumidor final, envolvendo as etapas da mat?ria-prima, m?o de obra, estocagem, transportes, comercializa??o e consumo, no atual per?odo em que as inst?ncias da produ??o, circula??o, distribui??o e consumo se difundem espacialmente. A partir da identifica??o e da localiza??o destas etapas e dos principais agentes envolvidos na atividade boneleira, elaborou-se um esquema do circuito espacial de produ??o, interpretando-se o uso do territ?rio atrav?s das inst?ncias produtivas. A interpreta??o das etapas produtivas identificou que as empresas vinculadas ? Associa??o Seridoense dos Fabricantes de Bon?s agem com mais efic?cia no territ?rio do que as n?o associadas, considerando que sempre investem em novos equipamentos, ampliando o seu poder t?cnico para se fortalecerem diante de um mercado t?o competitivo como o de bon?s. Ao se examinar a contribui??o da confec??o dos bon?s para o uso atual dos territ?rios do recorte, apreendeu-se que as atividades complementares e os insumos necess?rios ? sua realiza??o s?o encontrados no seu entorno geogr?fico. Assim, a proximidade espacial entre as etapas da confec??o dos bon?s vislumbra a materialidade do territ?rio, conferida na coexist?ncia entre t?cnicas pret?ritas e do presente, e no conjunto de a??es exercidas por certo n?mero de agentes sociais, que colaboram na constitui??o do circuito espacial de produ??o da atividade boneleira. Neste estudo, verificou-se que as bonelarias se organizam em forma de c?lulas de produ??o, cont?nuas ou descont?nuas, cujos equipamentos e m?quinas de costura industriais obedecem ? l?gica de uma produ??o cada vez mais padronizada. Esse circuito espacial de produ??o contribui para o uso atual dos territ?rios de Caic?, Serra Negra do Norte e S?o Jos? do Serid? porque amplia o movimento e as rela??es de trocas entre os lugares, atrav?s da din?mica de fluxos de pessoas, mercadorias e produtos, em permanente circula??o, balizada pela divis?o do trabalho entre as etapas produtivas
Sanchez, Algarra Cristina. "Recettes urbaines pοur être labellisé Capitale Eurοpéenne de la Culture : de la ville sοuhaitée au territοire réinventé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR115.
Full textThis thesis analyses the construction of French cities' bids for the European Capital of Culture title for the year 2028, up to the designation of Bourges in December 2023, after an intense national competition. These bids are studied as initiatives capable of constructing narratives that set out the guidelines for urban production, the title being a tool that exalts a city's forward-looking image. This research looks at how the preparation of a cultural project on an international scale makes it possible to reflect on the contemporary conditions of the process of making cities and their spaces, whether materially or socially designed.In addition to urban studies looking at the post-event legacy, and through an in-depth analysis of nine candidate cities, and more specifically the finalists Bourges, Clermont-Ferrand, Montpellier and Rouen, we explore the strategies used to develop this supposedly unifying discourse, which nonetheless appeals to a variety of audiences with divergent expectations. In this respect, the title is an enlightening catalyst for analysis, in that we are also interested in the possible instrumentalisation of this narrative which, drawing on the symbolic power of art and culture to underpin certain political agendas, would help to pacify tensions without overcoming partisan, territorial and social divisions. Our study focuses on two subjects in particular: the territorial and symbolic construction and the urban strategy for hosting the event. In a context marked by the interweaving of crises - territorial, economic and environmental - we are questioning the paradigms perceptible in the submissions to the call for applications and the positioning of the candidate cities in relation to contemporary urban issues. To do this, we are focusing on the projects imagined, whether disconnected from or linked to existing public policies and the urban images and references evoked, the aim is to veify wether the concept of a “successful city”, as empahsized in European discourse, is reflected in a singular political, social, economic, and urban response
Drevet-Démettre, Lucie-Emmanuelle. "Quand l'aéroport devient ville : géographie d'une infrastructure paradoxale." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30028/document.
Full textAirports are protean geographical objects characterized by their « accelerated obsolescence » (BANHAM, 1962). Since the 1990s, their final transformation has been structured around a process of functional diversification engendered by new activities, which are sometimes very different from air transport, in order to increase the infrastructures’ profits and profitability in a context of widespread privatization. The world’s largest hub airports are concerned by this evolution, especially the Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle airport, the world’s fourth busiest airport by international passenger traffic. This trend, which has given birth to the operational concept of airport city, as the Anglo-Saxon operators and observers call it, stirs up the geographical curiosity in two ways. Firstly, it questions the primary function of airports, which become unidentified spatial objects that need to be redefined. Secondly, the concept of airport city questions the city itself. Indeed, what makes a city a city on a material (urbanity) and conceptual (“citadinity”) level? Can a space with urban functions be considered as a city? Is the airport city only a functional city? By assessing the geographical relevance of the concept of airport city, this thesis aims at making the concepts of urbanity and “citadinity” operational concepts, so as to compare them with the airport ground. By adjusting the observation scale to the whole airport area, it also replaces the airport at the centre of the geographical study. Thus, the airport is not simply viewed as a terminal. Finally, this thesis aims at understanding the whole airport society’s spatiality (passengers, employees, accompanying people, homeless people…) by assessing the concept of “citadinity"